A method for synergistic desertification control combining photovoltaics, mechanical sand fixation, and phytoremediation.

Abstract

This application provides a method for the synergistic desertification control of photovoltaic (PV), mechanical sand fixation, and phytoremediation, relating to the field of desertification control technology. First, a PV array and corresponding mechanical sand barriers are constructed in the PV field. After a target duration of sand barrier installation, planting data of multiple plant varieties in the PV field are evaluated to determine the preferred varieties for each type of PV panel in the PV array. Based on these preferred varieties, the vegetation distribution in the PV field is planned to obtain planting varieties suitable for the environment of the PV field. A monitoring and feedback system deployed in the PV field monitors and acquires data on the plant, soil, and atmospheric conditions. This standardizes the steps of PV-based desertification control, determines preferred varieties, improves plant survival and growth quality, enhances ecological, economic, and social benefits, and achieves sustainable development through the synergistic development of clean energy and ecological restoration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of desertification control technology, and in particular to a method for desertification control that combines photovoltaic, mechanical sand fixation and phytoremediation. Background Technology

[0002] Desertification has led to a sharp decline in biodiversity, and with wind erosion and vegetation reduction, it also causes the loss of soil fertility and a weakening of climate regulation capacity, affecting the sustainable development of the ecosystem.

[0003] Currently, due to the flat terrain, strong solar radiation, and long hours of sunshine in desert and Gobi arid regions, wind and sand control is often combined with photovoltaic power plants to achieve better production benefits. However, how to adopt reasonable prevention and control measures to combat desertification and improve the ecological environment remains an urgent technical problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, this application provides a method for the synergistic management of desertification by combining photovoltaic, mechanical sand fixation and phytoremediation, aiming to combine photovoltaics with reasonable prevention and control measures to prevent desertification and improve the ecological environment.

[0005] Firstly, this application provides a method for the synergistic management of desertification through photovoltaic, mechanical sand fixation, and phytoremediation, the method comprising:

[0006] Construct photovoltaic arrays and corresponding mechanical sand barriers in the photovoltaic field area;

[0007] After the target duration of the mechanical sand barrier setting, an irrigation system is set up according to the soil moisture content, and the planting data of multiple plant varieties in the photovoltaic field are evaluated to determine the preferred varieties corresponding to each type of photovoltaic panel in the photovoltaic array. The planting data includes growth data, soil data and ecological benefits.

[0008] Based on the preferred varieties corresponding to each type of photovoltaic panel, the vegetation distribution of the photovoltaic field area is planned.

[0009] Based on the monitoring and feedback system deployed in the photovoltaic field area, data on the state of plants, soil, and atmosphere in the photovoltaic field area are monitored and acquired.

[0010] Optionally, the step of evaluating planting data of multiple plant varieties in the photovoltaic field area to determine the preferred varieties corresponding to each type of photovoltaic panel in the photovoltaic array includes:

[0011] Multiple plant varieties corresponding to each type are arranged on photovoltaic panels. Each plant variety is arranged in the photovoltaic panel area and the first control area, where the first control area is the area where no photovoltaic panels are arranged.

[0012] Growth data and leaf moisture data of each plant variety were measured, as well as soil data and ecological benefits of each plant variety, to determine the preferred varieties of photovoltaic panels corresponding to the aforementioned type.

[0013] Optionally, the measurement of growth data for each plant variety includes:

[0014] The survival rate, plant height, crown width, basal diameter, net photosynthetic rate, and biomass of the plant variety were measured during the experimental test period to obtain the growth data of the plant variety.

[0015] The leaf moisture data of various plant varieties were measured, including:

[0016] During the growing season of the plant varieties, plant leaves of each variety were acquired at the same time point, and the leaf water potential and leaf water use efficiency of each variety were measured.

[0017] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0018] Wind erosion measuring probes were installed in the second control area and the photovoltaic panel area of ​​each plant variety. The second control area was an area without any plants.

[0019] The determination of soil data and ecological benefits corresponding to the plant varieties includes:

[0020] At preset intervals, the erosion drop height of multiple probes in each area is determined, and the average erosion height of each area is calculated. Each area is one of the photovoltaic panel area and the second control area.

[0021] The soil erosion volume of the region is calculated based on the average erosion height, the corresponding horizontal projected area, and the slope.

[0022] Based on the soil erosion volume and average soil density, the total amount of soil erosion in each region and the total amount of soil erosion reduction in the photovoltaic panel area of ​​each plant variety compared to the second control area were determined.

[0023] The total plant yield is determined based on the biomass per unit area of ​​each plant variety and the planting area of ​​each plant variety in the photovoltaic panel area.

[0024] Optionally, the determination of soil data corresponding to the plant variety includes:

[0025] The soil moisture content corresponding to the plant variety was determined by gravimetric method;

[0026] The soil corresponding to the plant species was air-dried, organic matter removed, acid-washed to neutral, and then sodium hexametaphosphate was added. The soil particle size was determined by laser diffraction particle size analysis.

[0027] The total carbon and total nitrogen content of the soil corresponding to the plant varieties was determined using an elemental analyzer.

[0028] The NO3- and NH4+ contents of the soil corresponding to the plant varieties were determined using the K2SO4 extraction method.

[0029] Available phosphorus in the soil corresponding to the plant varieties was determined by NaHCO3 extraction-molybdenum antimony colorimetric method.

[0030] The soil water retention capacity corresponding to the plant varieties was determined using the ring cutter method.

[0031] Optionally, the photovoltaic array used to construct the photovoltaic field and the mechanical sand barrier corresponding to the photovoltaic array include:

[0032] Identify the photovoltaic panels, the photovoltaic panel supports, and the foundation in the photovoltaic field area;

[0033] The photovoltaic array is arranged according to the installation height of the photovoltaic panels, the prevailing wind direction in the photovoltaic field, and the height of the photovoltaic panels.

[0034] Configure an inverter to detect the power generation of the photovoltaic field.

[0035] Backfill the area where the photovoltaic array caused surface damage with soil.

[0036] Based on the topographic features and wind and sand movement patterns of the photovoltaic field area, mechanical sand barriers are deployed along the photovoltaic array.

[0037] Optionally, the step of arranging the photovoltaic array according to the installation height of the photovoltaic panels, the prevailing wind direction in the photovoltaic field area, and the height of the photovoltaic panels includes:

[0038] When the wind is blowing in the direction of the prevailing wind, the ratio of the spacing between the photovoltaic arrays to the height of the photovoltaic panels should be no less than 1.5; when the wind is blowing against the prevailing wind, the ratio should be no less than 2.

[0039] Optionally, determining the photovoltaic panels, the photovoltaic panel supports, and the foundation in the photovoltaic field area includes:

[0040] The photovoltaic panel uses boron-doped double-sided PERC monocrystalline silicon wafers, and the surface of the photovoltaic panel is covered with high-transmittance laminated glass and coated with a nano-alumina composite film.

[0041] The photovoltaic panel support is made of weather-resistant steel with a yield strength exceeding the preset value. The surface of the photovoltaic panel support is made of aluminum-zinc alloy hot-dip process, with a coating density of more than 150 grams per square meter.

[0042] The foundation engineering of the photovoltaic panel support adopts spiral alloy piles, using insert-type steel frame pile foundations or threaded steel pile foundations, with the implantation depth reaching the geological stable layer.

[0043] Optionally, the monitoring and feedback system deployed in the photovoltaic field monitors and acquires data on the state of plants, soil, and atmosphere in the photovoltaic field, including:

[0044] Deploy multiple sensing devices to collect environmental data of the photovoltaic field area, including atmospheric thermodynamic indicators, available soil nutrients, and soil physicochemical characteristics.

[0045] Based on the environmental data, periodic data on vegetation growth and substrate hydrothermal conditions in the photovoltaic field are constructed through remote sensing and spectral diagnostics.

[0046] Optionally, low-supported tracking photovoltaic systems can be combined with one or more plant species among *Salvia splendens*, *Scutellaria baicalensis*, and *Amorpha fruticosa*; high-supported tracking photovoltaic systems can be combined with one or more plant species among *Populus tomentosa* and *Salix matsudana*; and oblique monoaxial tracking photovoltaic systems can be combined with *Salix matsudana*.

[0047] Secondly, this application provides an apparatus comprising a memory and a processor, the memory for storing instructions or code, and the processor for executing the instructions or code to cause the apparatus to perform a synergistic desertification control method combining photovoltaic, mechanical sand fixation, and phytoremediation as described in any of the first aspects above.

[0048] Thirdly, this application provides a computer storage medium storing code, wherein when the code is executed, a device running the code implements a method for synergistic desert management combining photovoltaic, mechanical sand fixation, and phytoremediation as described in any of the first aspects above.

[0049] This application provides a method for the synergistic management of desertification through photovoltaic (PV), mechanical sand fixation, and phytoremediation. First, a PV array and corresponding mechanical sand barriers are constructed in the PV field. This fully utilizes the solar energy resources of the desert region. Simultaneously, the PV panels and their mounting structures asynchronously block wind and sand, intercept rainwater, and reduce soil evaporation. Mechanical sand barriers are then installed corresponding to the PV array to further stabilize the sand. Based on this, after the mechanical sand barriers have been in place for a target period (i.e., after the soil has recovered), an irrigation system is set up according to the soil moisture content to prepare for subsequent experimental planting. Planting data for multiple plant varieties in the PV field are evaluated to determine the preferred varieties corresponding to each type of PV panel in the PV array. This approach considers the actual soil quality of the PV field, the PV array, and the soil recovery time after the PV array and mechanical sand fixation are completed. By combining this with actual planting data, reliable and suitable preferred varieties for the specific environmental needs of the PV field are determined. Furthermore, based on the preferred varieties corresponding to each type of PV panel, the vegetation distribution of the PV field is planned to obtain planting varieties suitable for the environment of the PV field. Finally, based on the monitoring and feedback system deployed in the photovoltaic field area, data on the state of plants, soil, and atmosphere in the photovoltaic field area are monitored and acquired. Periodic data from the photovoltaic field area is also monitored, providing reference data and optimization directions for subsequent field setups or other areas. In this way, the construction process of photovoltaic desertification control is optimized, the steps of photovoltaic desertification control are standardized, the effectiveness of photovoltaic desertification control is improved, optimal varieties are identified, plant survival and growth quality are enhanced, and ecological, economic, and social benefits are increased, achieving sustainable development that coordinates clean energy development and ecological restoration. Attached Figure Description

[0050] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this embodiment or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiment or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0051] Figure 1 A schematic flowchart illustrating a method for synergistic desertification control combining photovoltaic, mechanical sand fixation, and phytoremediation, provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0052] Figure 2 This application provides a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic panel with a mechanical sand barrier and plants arranged sequentially.

[0053] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the daily variation of microenvironment temperature and humidity for photovoltaic panels of different architecture types, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0054] Currently, there are few specific implementation plans for photovoltaic desertification control, the existing processes are fragmented, and mechanical and biological sand barriers are not combined, resulting in mediocre windbreak and sand fixation effects and low resource utilization.

[0055] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a synergistic desertification control method combining photovoltaic (PV) technology, mechanical sand fixation, and phytoremediation. The method involves first constructing a PV array, then setting up mechanical sand barriers based on the PV array. After the target construction period for the mechanical sand barriers, and once the soil has recovered to a certain extent, planting data from the current experimental site is used to select optimal plant varieties for each type of PV panel in the PV field. Based on this, reliable and suitable optimal plant varieties are planted in the PV field, taking into account the actual environmental needs of the PV field. A monitoring and feedback system deployed in the PV field is used to monitor and acquire data on the plant, soil, and atmospheric conditions, providing periodic data for subsequent field setups or other areas, and offering reference data and optimization directions. This optimizes the PV field construction process for desertification control, standardizes the steps involved, improves the effectiveness of PV-based desertification control, identifies optimal plant varieties, enhances plant survival and growth quality, and improves ecological, economic, and social benefits, achieving sustainable development through the synergy of clean energy development and ecological restoration.

[0056] To provide a more detailed understanding of the features and technical content of the embodiments of this disclosure, the implementation of the embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the embodiments of this disclosure. In the following technical description, for ease of explanation, several details are used to provide a full understanding of the disclosed embodiments. However, one or more embodiments may still be implemented without these details. In other cases, well-known structures and devices may be simplified in their depiction to simplify the drawings.

[0057] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this disclosure are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate for the embodiments of this disclosure described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0058] Unless otherwise stated, the term "multiple" means two or more. In embodiments of this disclosure, the character " / " indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship. For example, A / B means: A or B. The term "and / or" describes an association between objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B means: A or B, or, A and B.

[0059] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0060] See Figure 1 , Figure 1 This application provides a flowchart illustrating a method for synergistic desertification control combining photovoltaic, mechanical sand fixation, and phytoremediation. The method includes:

[0061] S101. Construct a photovoltaic array for the photovoltaic field and a mechanical sand barrier corresponding to the photovoltaic array.

[0062] Setting up photovoltaic arrays in photovoltaic fields can make full use of the advantages of desert areas, such as flat terrain, strong solar radiation, and long sunshine hours, which are conducive to photovoltaic power generation, and achieve clean energy power generation.

[0063] Optionally, the photovoltaic panels in the photovoltaic field can be tracking photovoltaic panels, which can form a large tilt angle with the ground when the solar radiation is more suitable in the morning and evening. This allows the plants planted under and between the photovoltaic panels to receive the light they need for growth. They can also be parallel to the ground at noon, providing shade for the plants and preventing them from getting sunburned, while also obtaining more solar energy and increasing power generation.

[0064] The reason for setting up mechanical sand barriers for photovoltaic arrays is that the construction of photovoltaic arrays causes certain damage to the original environment in the early stage. Sandy soil has little nutrients and is highly mobile, making it difficult for vegetation to survive. Therefore, setting up appropriate mechanical sand barriers can ensure the stability of the photovoltaic foundation, achieve the initial sand fixation effect, provide the possibility for subsequent vegetation restoration, and increase the survival rate of plants.

[0065] Optionally, a mechanical sand-fixing system can be deployed along the photovoltaic array based on terrain features and wind-blown sand movement patterns. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 The diagram shows a photovoltaic panel with a mechanical sand barrier and plants arranged in sequence. This mechanical sand-fixing system can be a grid sand barrier, a gravel sand barrier, or a sand barrier made with special techniques.

[0066] Optional, we recommend using polylactic acid (PLA) sand barriers (sandbags with dimensions of 40 cm × 60 cm or 50 cm × 70 cm) and 1 m × 1 m grass grids.

[0067] S102. After the target duration of the mechanical sand barrier setting, an irrigation system is set up according to the soil moisture content, and the planting data of multiple plant varieties in the photovoltaic field are evaluated to determine the preferred varieties corresponding to each type of photovoltaic panel in the photovoltaic array. The planting data includes growth data, soil data and ecological benefits.

[0068] Optionally, the target duration can be two years or longer. Experiments have shown that a longer duration than two years can result in a better plant survival rate. For specific examples, please refer to the correspondence between the deployment time of different mechanical measures and the vegetation survival rate in Table 1 below.

[0069] Table 1

[0070]

[0071] Optionally, the irrigation system described above can increase the soil moisture content, with the goal of ensuring that the soil moisture content in the planting area is not less than the target moisture content (for example, the target moisture content could be 5%).

[0072] Optionally, the aforementioned irrigation system can utilize power provided by photovoltaic power generation. For example, installing a photovoltaic pumping system to provide irrigation power using electricity generated by photovoltaics; photovoltaic drip irrigation technology that combines photovoltaic water pumps with precision drip irrigation; or combining photovoltaic water collection devices with soil moisture monitoring sensors, where the water collection device collects and accumulates rainwater and wastewater from cleaning photovoltaic panels, and the sensor precisely controls soil moisture content to improve water resource utilization efficiency. These measures are used to ensure a healthy soil moisture environment.

[0073] Optionally, the aforementioned photovoltaic panel types may include low-mounted tracking photovoltaics, high-mounted tracking photovoltaics, and inclined single-axis tracking photovoltaics. Corresponding native sand plants can be selected for screening experiments based on different types of photovoltaic panels. Specifically, low-growing herbaceous plants can be planted under low-mounted panels, while shrubs can be planted under high-mounted panels.

[0074] Optionally, the plants planted in the experiment should be spaced appropriately to ensure normal plant growth and the proper functioning of the photovoltaic panels. A control area (the first control area) with uniform soil physicochemical properties and no photovoltaic panels should be set up nearby for the crop planting experiment. All planting areas should receive adequate irrigation in the early stages to ensure a seedling survival rate of over 80% for each scenario. It is recommended to irrigate once a day in summer, once every 3-4 days in spring and autumn, and at least once a week in winter. Then, after the planned experimental period (e.g., one year), planting data will be collected to screen suitable plant varieties for photovoltaic desertification control.

[0075] Optionally, the above-mentioned experiments can be conducted to obtain planting data by planting corresponding plants between and under different types of photovoltaic panels, in order to screen out the best varieties suitable for planting between and under the panels.

[0076] S103. Based on the preferred varieties corresponding to each type of photovoltaic panel, plan the vegetation distribution of the photovoltaic field area.

[0077] Optionally, soil improvement can be carried out before step S103. Soil improvement is to increase soil nutrients and soil retention capacity, for example, by mixing livestock manure and decaying leaves into sandy soil, adding soil water-retaining agents, inorganic fertilizers and soil microbial fertilizers, etc.

[0078] Optionally, based on the selection of preferred plant varieties suitable for photovoltaic desertification control and restoration, vegetation restoration projects should be scientifically planned, and it is recommended to use seeding afforestation or seedling afforestation.

[0079] It should be noted that when planting, damage to the existing mechanical sand barriers should be minimized as much as possible, and a reasonable spacing between plants and rows should be used to reduce the negative impact on vegetation growth caused by excessive or insufficient planting density.

[0080] S104. A monitoring and feedback system is deployed in the photovoltaic field area to monitor and acquire data on the status of plants, soil, and atmosphere in the photovoltaic field area.

[0081] Based on the steps S101-S104 above, this application employs a synergistic approach of photovoltaic (PV), mechanical sand fixation, and phytoremediation. The PV array ensures the safety and stability of desert PV while guaranteeing adequate light conditions for plant growth and mechanized operation, saving on PV-based desertification control costs (e.g., providing power for irrigation systems), and improving efficiency and economic benefits. Mechanical sand barriers ensure the stability of the PV foundation, achieving initial sand fixation and providing the possibility for vegetation restoration, increasing plant survival rates. By selecting and optimizing plant species and conducting vegetation restoration based on these species, the reliability of vegetation restoration is improved, saving on PV-based desertification control costs. Simultaneously, windbreak and sand fixation improve the desert environment and curb the spread of desertification. Finally, a monitoring and feedback system ensures timely error correction and updates for the three methods (PV, mechanical sand fixation, and phytoremediation), achieving sustainable development of PV-based desertification control. In this way, the construction process of photovoltaic power plant areas for desertification control can be optimized, the steps of photovoltaic power desertification control can be standardized, the effectiveness of photovoltaic power desertification control can be improved, the best varieties can be selected, the survival rate and growth quality of plants can be improved, the ecological, economic and social benefits can be enhanced, and the sustainable development of clean energy development and ecological restoration can be achieved.

[0082] In the embodiments of this application, the above Figure 1 There are several possible implementations of step S102, which will be described below. It should be noted that the implementations given below are merely illustrative examples and do not represent all implementations of the embodiments of this application.

[0083] Step S102 above involves evaluating planting data for multiple plant varieties in the photovoltaic field area to determine the preferred varieties corresponding to each type of photovoltaic panel in the photovoltaic array, including:

[0084] Multiple plant varieties corresponding to each type are arranged on photovoltaic panels. Each plant variety is arranged in the photovoltaic panel area and the first control area, which is the area where no photovoltaic panels are arranged.

[0085] Understandably, the subsequent analysis will focus on the impact of photovoltaic panels and mechanical sand barriers on the plant varieties by obtaining planting data from the photovoltaic panel area and the first control area.

[0086] The aforementioned photovoltaic panel area can be further divided into the area under the photovoltaic panels and the area between the photovoltaic panels, where corresponding plant varieties can be planted. This will facilitate subsequent analysis of suitable plant varieties for the area under and between the photovoltaic panels, making full use of the land resources around the photovoltaic panels and achieving windbreak and sand fixation on a larger scale.

[0087] Growth data and leaf moisture data of each plant variety were measured, as well as soil data and ecological benefits of each plant variety, to determine the preferred varieties of photovoltaic panels corresponding to the aforementioned type.

[0088] Thus, by analyzing plant growth data and net photosynthetic rate, the suitability of plants in desert photovoltaic zones is determined (the impact of desert photovoltaics on the growth of each plant and its survival). The effects of desert photovoltaics on plant physiology are verified by analyzing individual plant biomass and leaf water data (leaf water potential and leaf water use efficiency), allowing for the selection of plant varieties suitable for growth under different desert photovoltaic structures. Furthermore, soil samples are collected, and combined with analysis of soil data (such as soil moisture content, particle size distribution, nutrient content, soil microbial community characteristics, etc., and comparing the reduction in wind erosion after planting using wind erosion probes) and ecological benefits, suitable plant varieties for photovoltaic desertification control are selected.

[0089] Based on the above embodiments, in one example, the above-mentioned measurement of growth data for various plant varieties may include:

[0090] The survival rate, plant height, crown width, basal diameter, net photosynthetic rate, and biomass of the plant variety were measured during the experimental test period to obtain the growth data of the plant variety.

[0091] Optionally, the survival rate mentioned above = (number of surviving individuals during the survey period ÷ number of individuals sown) × 100%

[0092] Optionally, crop height, crown width, and basal diameter can be measured during the plant's growth period to obtain intuitive indicators of plant growth status.

[0093] Optionally, the net photosynthetic rate of the plant can be determined by using the Li-6800 portable photosynthesis measurement system on the same plant.

[0094] In one example, the above-mentioned measurement of leaf moisture data for various plant varieties may include:

[0095] During the growing season of the plant varieties, plant leaves of each variety were acquired at the same time point, and the leaf water potential and leaf water use efficiency of each variety were measured.

[0096] Optionally, during the growing season in July and August, at least 5 well-grown plants were randomly selected from each plot (the same photovoltaic panel area or the first control area of ​​the same plant variety), and plant leaves were quickly collected at noon. The water potential of the plant leaves was measured using a dew point water potential meter.

[0097] Optionally, plant leaf water use efficiency = photosynthetic rate ÷ transpiration rate.

[0098] In one example, the above-mentioned measurement of soil data corresponding to the plant variety can be achieved as follows:

[0099] First, in step S102 above, after the plants are planted, wind erosion measuring probes or wind erosion rings need to be set up. Specifically, wind erosion measuring probes are set up in the second control area and the photovoltaic panel area of ​​each plant variety. The second control area is the area where no plants are planted.

[0100] Thus, measuring the amount of wind erosion per unit area of ​​soil under each scenario can be used to observe the wind erosion during the sandstorm season (generally March-April) and annually. It can also be compared with a second control area to determine the reduction in wind erosion under the vegetation imagery of the photovoltaic panel area.

[0101] Furthermore, measuring the soil data corresponding to the plant variety may include:

[0102] At preset time intervals, the erosion drop height of multiple probes in each area is determined, and the average erosion height of each area is calculated. Each area is one of the photovoltaic panel area and the second control area. Based on the average erosion height, the horizontal projected area of ​​the corresponding area, and the slope, the soil erosion volume of the area is calculated. Based on the soil erosion volume and the average soil density, the total soil erosion in each area and the total reduction in soil erosion in the photovoltaic panel area for each plant variety compared to the second control area are determined.

[0103] For example, before the start of the sandstorm season, measuring probes 80-100 cm long and 6-8 mm in diameter are installed in the photovoltaic panel area and the second control area, with an insertion depth of 50 cm. During each monitoring session, the scale on the measuring probes is read and recorded, the erosion drop height is calculated, and the total soil erosion volume is calculated based on the average erosion drop height of multiple measuring probes to determine the soil erosion thickness.

[0104] The total volume of soil erosion is A = Z × S × 1000 × cosθ. Where A represents the volume of soil erosion; Z represents the erosion thickness; S represents the horizontal projected area of ​​the monitoring area; and θ represents the slope.

[0105] Total soil erosion = volume of eroded soil × average density of soil.

[0106] Optionally, the above-mentioned determination of soil data corresponding to the plant varieties may further include:

[0107] The soil moisture content corresponding to the plant variety was determined by gravimetric method; the soil corresponding to the plant variety was air-dried, organic matter removed, acid-washed to neutral, and then sodium hexametaphosphate was added, and the soil particle size was determined by laser diffraction particle size analysis; the total carbon and total nitrogen content of the soil corresponding to the plant variety was determined by elemental analysis; the NO3- and NH4+ content of the soil corresponding to the plant variety was determined by K2SO4 extraction method; the available phosphorus of the soil corresponding to the plant variety was determined by NaHCO3 extraction-molybdenum antimony colorimetric method; the average soil density was determined by density bottle method; the soil microbial community composition was determined by high-throughput sequencing technology; and the water retention capacity of the soil corresponding to the plant variety was determined by ring cutter method.

[0108] For example, the above method for determining soil particle size can be as follows: weigh 1 g of air-dried soil sample into a beaker, add 6% H2O2 solution and heat to remove soil organic matter, cool and add hydrochloric acid to remove carbonate, wash the acid until neutral and add sodium hexametaphosphate, and use laser diffraction particle size analysis to determine soil particle size.

[0109] In one example, the calculation of the above-mentioned ecological benefits may include:

[0110] The total plant yield is determined based on the biomass per unit area of ​​each plant variety and the planting area of ​​each plant variety in the photovoltaic panel area.

[0111] For example, the total plant yield CY = Y × S / 1000, where CY is the total plant yield (kg) and Y is the plant biomass per unit area (g·m²). -2 S represents the planted area (m²) 2 ).

[0112] Optionally, soil fertility can also be calculated when calculating ecological benefits. The specific calculation can be as follows:

[0113] S F =S×T×ρ×Ci,

[0114] Among them, S F S represents the organic carbon and total nitrogen content in the soil (g); S represents the area of ​​the photovoltaic power station (m²). 2 T is the thickness of the topsoil layer (m); ρ is the soil bulk density (g·cm³). -3) Ci represents the content of organic matter and total nitrogen in the soil (g·kg⁻¹). -1 ).

[0115] Soil fertility reflects the soil's ability to supply nutrients to plants as well as the overall environmental conditions under which soil nutrients are supplied to plants.

[0116] Optionally, the calculation of ecological benefits can also include the calculation of carbon sequestration and oxygen release, as detailed below:

[0117] Soil organic carbon storage SNC = ∑Di × E × Bi × Ni × 10, where i represents the number of soil layers; Di represents the depth of soil layer i (cm); and E represents the soil area (m²). 2 Bi represents the bulk density of soil layer i (g·cm³). -3 Ni represents the carbon content (g·kg⁻¹) of the i-th soil layer.

[0118] Oxygen release A O =S T ×R; where R is the conversion coefficient between CO2 fixation and O2 release by plants; S T S represents the carbon storage of an ecosystem. T =S B +S R +S L +S S S T Represents ecosystem carbon storage (g·m³) -2 );S B Indicates aboveground carbon storage of vegetation (g·m -2 );S R Represents root carbon storage (g·m -2 );S L Indicates litter carbon storage (g·m³) -2 );S S This indicates the carbon storage in soil at depths of 0-30 cm (g·m³). -2 Thus, the ecological benefits of climate regulation can be characterized by measuring the amount of oxygen released by plants during photosynthesis.

[0119] Furthermore, the optimal varieties can be determined by ranking the data such as the plant growth physiological state, total soil erosion, and ecological benefits, or by ranking them through weighted summation.

[0120] Based on the above embodiments, step S101, which involves constructing a photovoltaic array in the photovoltaic field and a mechanical sand barrier corresponding to the photovoltaic array, includes:

[0121] First, determine the photovoltaic panels, the photovoltaic panel supports, and the foundation in the photovoltaic field area.

[0122] Optionally, the photovoltaic panel uses boron-doped double-sided PERC monocrystalline silicon wafers (photovoltaic conversion efficiency ≥22.5%), and the surface of the photovoltaic panel is covered with 3 mm high-transmittance laminated glass and coated with a nano-alumina composite film layer (Mohs hardness up to level 9).

[0123] Optionally, the photovoltaic panel bracket is made of weather-resistant steel with a yield strength exceeding the preset value. The surface of the photovoltaic panel bracket is made of aluminum-zinc alloy hot-dip process with a coating density of more than 150 grams per square meter, and the salt spray corrosion resistance cycle is extended to more than twice that of ordinary galvanized parts.

[0124] Optionally, the foundation engineering of the photovoltaic panel support adopts spiral alloy piles with a diameter of 30 cm and a wall thickness of 8 mm. It adopts the insertion type steel frame pile foundation or the threaded steel pile foundation, which can better prevent wind and sand fixation and ensure the high-quality operation of the photovoltaic power generation system. The implantation depth reaches the geological stable layer, and the conventional depth range is 2.8-3.5 meters. The structural stability is ensured by the synergistic mechanism of pile friction resistance and foundation bearing capacity.

[0125] For example, see Figure 3 This diagram illustrates the comparison of daily variations in microenvironmental temperature and humidity for photovoltaic panels of different structural types. The photovoltaic panels block direct sunlight, effectively reducing soil evaporation and increasing microenvironmental humidity, which to some extent improves the living environment of plants beneath the panels. Figure 3 Compared to the control, the temperatures under the three photovoltaic panel architecture types—high-panel, slanted single-axis, and low-panel—were reduced by 0.30℃, 1.41℃, and 1.77℃, respectively. The humidity under these three architecture types increased by 0.54%, 16.72%, and 18.02%, respectively, and the humidity between panels increased by 0.39%, 2.02%, and 2.04%, respectively. Therefore, in terms of humidity and temperature, slanted single-axis and low-panel architectures provide a better growing environment for plants. The above control can be considered the first control area.

[0126] Optionally, inclined single-axis photovoltaic (PV) supports can be used, which can reduce the funneling effect of low-support PV systems while effectively blocking wind and sand movement caused by high-support PV systems. Alternatively, combinations of PV panels of different heights can be used, depending on their impact on the local microenvironment and wind and sand movement. Furthermore, different heights of PV panels are suitable for different vegetation types; to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem stability, a variety of PV panel heights can be implemented.

[0127] Then, the photovoltaic array is deployed according to the installation height of the photovoltaic panels, the prevailing wind direction in the photovoltaic field area, and the height of the photovoltaic panels.

[0128] Setting the installation height of photovoltaic panels appropriately can reduce surface temperature and soil evaporation, preserve precious water resources in the desert, lower the temperature under the panels and solar radiation, and create a more suitable living environment for desert plants and soil microorganisms. In this way, it can balance surface radiation and improve the plant living environment.

[0129] Optionally, to ensure proper shading of the photovoltaic panel array and maximize the light exposure of the vegetation, and considering the potential damage from wind and sand to the photovoltaic panels, sufficient safety spacing should be provided. Therefore, under the prevailing wind direction, the ratio of the spacing of the photovoltaic array to the height of the photovoltaic panels should be no less than 1.5; under the adverse wind direction, the ratio should be no less than 2. This will control the wind erosion rate to <800t / (km²·a) while avoiding wake effects that could lead to power generation losses >3%.

[0130] Then, the inverter is configured to detect the power generation of the photovoltaic field.

[0131] Then, soil is used to backfill the areas where the photovoltaic array has caused surface damage.

[0132] Optionally, the construction of photovoltaic power stations can damage native vegetation and soil crust, hindering subsequent vegetation restoration and the soil's ability to stabilize sand (e.g., forming crusts and aggregates). Therefore, the damage to the land caused by photovoltaic array construction can be reduced by backfilling with soil, for example, using 80% original sand and 20% gravel, which is beneficial for later restoration and increases the surface roughness to reduce wind speed and sandstorm intensity.

[0133] Finally, based on the topographic features and wind and sand movement patterns of the photovoltaic field area, mechanical sand barriers are deployed along the photovoltaic array.

[0134] Mechanical sand barriers are set up because in the early stages of photovoltaic array construction in photovoltaic fields, the soil's nutrient levels are poor and its mobility is high. Combined with the damage to the native habitat caused by construction, vegetation struggles to survive. Therefore, based on topographical features and wind erosion patterns, mechanical sand-fixing systems, such as checkerboard sand barriers, gravel sand barriers, and specially designed sand barriers, can be deployed along the photovoltaic array. Alternatively, polylactic acid (PLA) sand barriers (sandbags measuring 40 cm × 60 cm or 50 cm × 70 cm) or 1 m × 1 m grass checkerboards can be used.

[0135] Optionally, after experimental screening, combinations of low-support trailing photovoltaic systems combined with *Alopecurus aequalis*, low-support trailing photovoltaic systems combined with *Scutellaria baicalensis*, low-support trailing photovoltaic systems combined with *Amorpha fruticosa*, high-support trailing photovoltaic systems combined with *Populus spp.*, high-support trailing photovoltaic systems combined with *Salix psammophila*, and oblique single-axis trailing photovoltaic systems combined with *Salix psammophila* can be selected for vegetation restoration in step S103.

[0136] Based on the above embodiments, step S104, which involves monitoring and acquiring data on the plant, soil, and atmospheric conditions of the photovoltaic field area using the monitoring and feedback system deployed in the photovoltaic field area, may include:

[0137] Deploy multiple sensing devices to collect environmental data of the photovoltaic field area, including atmospheric thermodynamic indicators, available soil nutrients, and soil physicochemical characteristics.

[0138] Based on the environmental data, periodic data on vegetation growth and substrate hydrothermal conditions in the photovoltaic field are constructed through remote sensing and spectral diagnostics.

[0139] In this way, the operation status of the irrigation system, crops, and photovoltaic arrays in the photovoltaic field can be quantitatively controlled based on periodic data. This ensures that photovoltaic, mechanical sand fixation, and vegetation restoration can be corrected and updated in a timely manner, achieving sustainable development of photovoltaic desertification control.

[0140] Based on the above embodiments, this application sets up reliable photovoltaic arrays in the photovoltaic field to ensure the stability and safety of photovoltaic power even during the sandstorm season. Simultaneously, mechanical sand barriers are set up, and after the target construction period for the mechanical sand barriers, and once the ground has recovered to a certain extent, the selection of superior varieties is conducted. Specifically, plant growth physiology, soil erosion, and ecological benefits are incorporated into the core parameters for selecting superior photovoltaic sand control varieties, resulting in more comprehensive and scientific selection results, shortening the evaluation cycle, and improving selection validity. Furthermore, a reasonable deployment of a synergistic system of photovoltaic, mechanical sand fixation, and phytoremediation is achieved, scientifically and rationally standardizing the photovoltaic sand control steps, improving photovoltaic sand control efficiency, and saving costs.

[0141] This application also provides corresponding devices and computer storage media for implementing the solutions provided in this application.

[0142] The device includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores instructions or code, and the processor executes the instructions or code to cause the device to perform the method described in any embodiment of this application.

[0143] The computer storage medium stores code, and when the code is run, the device running the code implements the method described in any embodiment of this application.

[0144] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "first" and "second" (if they exist) are used only as name identifiers and do not represent the order of first and second.

[0145] As can be seen from the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that all or part of the steps in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus a general-purpose hardware platform. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a storage medium, such as a read-only memory (ROM) / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., including several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network communication device such as a router) to execute the methods described in various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments of this application.

[0146] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on its differences from other embodiments. In particular, the apparatus embodiments are basically similar to the method embodiments, so the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions in the method embodiments. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without creative effort.

[0147] The above description is merely an exemplary implementation of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for desert remediation by synergizing photovoltaic, mechanical sand fixation and phytoremediation, characterized in that, The method comprises: constructing a photovoltaic array of a photovoltaic field area and a mechanical sand barrier corresponding to the photovoltaic array; after setting a target time length for the mechanical sand barrier, setting an irrigation system according to soil water content, evaluating planting data of multiple varieties of plants in the photovoltaic field area, and determining preferred varieties corresponding to each type of photovoltaic panel in the photovoltaic array, wherein the planting data comprises growth data, soil data and ecological benefits, and the determination of the preferred varieties comprises: measuring growth data and leaf water data of each variety of plant, and measuring soil data and ecological benefits corresponding to each variety of plant, and determining the preferred varieties corresponding to the type of photovoltaic panel; based on the preferred varieties corresponding to each type of photovoltaic panel, planning the vegetation distribution of the photovoltaic field area; based on a monitoring feedback system arranged in the photovoltaic field area, monitoring and obtaining plant, soil and atmospheric state data of the photovoltaic field area; the determination of the soil data and the ecological benefits corresponding to the variety of plants comprises: determining the erosion drop height of multiple measuring rods included in each region every interval preset time length, and calculating the average erosion height of each region, wherein the regions are one of the photovoltaic panel area and a second control area; calculating the soil erosion volume of the region according to the average erosion height, the horizontal projection area of the corresponding region and the slope of the slope; determining the total amount of soil erosion of each region and the total amount of soil erosion reduced by the photovoltaic panel area of each variety of plant compared with the second control area according to the soil erosion volume and the average density of soil quality; determining the total yield of plants according to the plant unit area biomass of each variety of plant and the plant planting area of the photovoltaic panel area of each variety of plant; the second control area and the photovoltaic panel area of each variety of plant are respectively arranged with wind erosion measuring rods, and the second control area is a region without planting plants; the evaluation of the planting data of multiple varieties of plants in the photovoltaic field area to determine the preferred varieties corresponding to each type of photovoltaic panel in the photovoltaic array comprises: arranging multiple varieties of plants corresponding to each type of photovoltaic panel on each type of photovoltaic panel, and each variety of plant is arranged in the photovoltaic panel area and a first control area, wherein the first control area is a region without arranging photovoltaic panels; measuring the growth data and leaf water data of each variety of plant, and measuring the soil data and ecological benefits corresponding to each variety of plant to determine the preferred varieties corresponding to the type of photovoltaic panel; the preferred varieties corresponding to each type of photovoltaic panel comprise: a combination of low-bracket light-chasing photovoltaic and one or more varieties of plants of Hedysarum mongolicum, Scutellaria baicalensis and Amorpha fruticosa, a combination of high-bracket light-chasing photovoltaic and one or more varieties of plants of Hippophae rhamnoides and Salix psammophila, and a combination of inclined single-axis light-chasing photovoltaic and Salix psammophila.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination of the growth data of each variety of plant comprises: measuring the survival rate, plant height, crown width, base diameter, plant net photosynthetic rate and biomass of the variety of plants in the experimental test time length as the growth data of the variety of plants; the determination of the leaf water data of each variety of plant comprises: in the growth season of the variety of plants, obtaining plant leaves of each variety of plant at the same time point, and measuring the leaf water potential of each variety of plant and the leaf water use efficiency of each variety of plant.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, The soil data corresponding to the variety plants is determined, including: The water content of the soil corresponding to the variety plants is determined by weight method; The soil corresponding to the variety plants is dried by air, and the organic matter is removed, and then sodium hexametaphosphate is added after acid washing to neutral, and the soil particle size is determined by laser diffraction particle size analysis; The total carbon and nitrogen content of the soil corresponding to the variety plants is determined by an elemental analyzer; The NO3- and NH4+ content of the soil corresponding to the variety plants is determined by K2SO4 extraction method; The available phosphorus of the soil corresponding to the variety plants is determined by NaHCO3 extraction-molybdenum antimony anti-colorimetric method; The water holding capacity of the soil corresponding to the variety plants is determined by a cutting ring method.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The photovoltaic array of the photovoltaic field area and the mechanical sand barrier corresponding to the photovoltaic array are constructed, including: Determine the photovoltaic panel, the photovoltaic panel support and the foundation in the photovoltaic field area; According to the height of the photovoltaic panel installation, the main wind direction in the photovoltaic field area and the height of the photovoltaic panel, the photovoltaic array is laid out; Configure the inverter, detect the power generation of the photovoltaic field area; The area causing surface damage to the photovoltaic array is backfilled with soil; According to the terrain characteristics and wind-sand movement law of the photovoltaic field area, the mechanical sand barrier is laid along the photovoltaic array.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein, The photovoltaic array is laid out according to the height of the photovoltaic panel installation, the main wind direction in the photovoltaic field area and the height of the photovoltaic panel, including: In the case of following the main wind direction, the ratio of the spacing of the photovoltaic array to the height of the photovoltaic panel is not less than 1.5; in the case of against the main wind direction, the ratio of the spacing of the photovoltaic array to the height of the photovoltaic panel is not less than 2.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein, The photovoltaic panel, the photovoltaic panel support and the foundation in the photovoltaic field area are determined, including: The photovoltaic panel adopts boron-doped double-sided PERC monocrystalline silicon wafer, the surface of the photovoltaic panel is covered with high-transparency pressure layer glass and coated with nano-aluminum oxide composite film layer; The photovoltaic panel support is made of weather-resistant steel material with yield strength exceeding a preset value, the surface of the photovoltaic panel support is treated by aluminum-zinc alloy hot-dip process, and the coating density exceeds 150 grams per square meter; The foundation engineering of the photovoltaic panel support adopts spiral alloy pile body, and uses cutting type steel pile foundation or screw pile foundation, and the implantation depth reaches the geologically stable layer.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein, The monitoring feedback system based on the photovoltaic field area layout acquires plant, soil and atmospheric state data of the photovoltaic field area, including: Deploy multiple sensing devices to collect environmental data of the photovoltaic field area, the environmental data including atmospheric thermodynamic indicators, soil available state nutrient elements and soil physical and chemical characteristics; Based on the environmental data, the periodic data of vegetation growth and substrate water and heat conditions in the photovoltaic field area are constructed by remote sensing and spectral diagnosis.

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