Electromechanically coupled quick-change metal fuel cell

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of fuel cell, and specifically provides a kind of electromechanical coupling quick-change type metal fuel cell, including bottom shell, fuel cell module, liquid storage pot, top expansion dock, liquid storage cabin sealing cover and combination type buckle.Its characterized in that: integrated quick-change mechanism, through specific electromechanical coupling interface layout, single axial compression action can realize metal negative electrode quick installation or replacement;No pump electrolyte system, liquid storage cabin built-in vertical partition rib cooperates with the sealing strip of its sealing cover, forms liquid-tight independent compartment and communicates reaction cavity unit, realizes the automatic delivery and liquid level dynamic balance after electrolyte disposable filling, reduces mutual mixing rate, saves circulating pipeline and pump valve assembly;Highly efficient and stable power supply, power interface module integrates dynamic impedance matching and power tracking technology, to ensure that fuel cell is always in highly efficient and stable working area.The present application significantly improves the negative electrode replacement convenience of metal fuel cell, electrolyte management reliability and system power efficiency.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a metal fuel cell system with a mechanical-electrical coupling design and capable of realizing rapid replacement of a metal anode. BACKGROUND

[0002] A metal fuel cell is a new type of power generation device that directly converts the chemical energy of metal fuel (such as aluminum, zinc, magnesium, etc.) into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction. Its working principle is that the metal anode releases electrons through an oxidation reaction, and oxygen is reduced to form hydroxide ions at the cathode, forming an electric current to drive an external load. Unlike traditional secondary batteries, this device does not need to be charged and can provide continuous power supply by periodically replacing the metal anode and supplementing the electrolyte, and has the characteristics of high energy density (the theoretical value of an aluminum-air battery is 800-1000 Wh / kg, about 4-8 times that of commercial lithium-ion batteries) and environmental friendliness (the reaction product is recyclable metal oxide / hydroxide), which has significant advantages in emergency power supply, off-grid energy storage, etc.

[0003] Although the metal fuel cell technology has developed for decades, its large-scale application is still limited by the following systematic technical defects: 1. Low mechanical replacement efficiency, the existing metal anode adopts a bolt or buckle type mechanical fixing structure, which needs to be manually disassembled and reconnected during replacement, which is time-consuming and prone to problems such as increased contact resistance and poor contact; 2. High risk of electrolyte management failure, static liquid supply scheme, multiple independent electrolyte chambers need to be filled separately, which is complex and has the risk of mixing and electrolyte tank pressure imbalance; dynamic circulation scheme, requires the configuration of pump valve pipeline system, the reaction product (such as aluminum hydroxide gel) is easy to crystallize and deposit in the pipeline, resulting in blockage, high failure rate and significantly increased operation and maintenance cost; 3. Unstable output performance, limited by the coupling factors of uneven metal anode corrosion rate, fluctuation of oxygen mass transfer at the cathode, and electrolyte temperature change, the single cell voltage output fluctuation amplitude is more than ±20%, and the fluctuation is further amplified after the multi-cell series connection, which cannot meet the demand of high stability load.

[0004] Current mainstream technologies focus on partial optimization (such as improvement of metal fixing structure, anti-blocking design of circulation pipeline), but fail to break through the "mechanical-electrical-liquid" three-element coupling bottleneck, which is specifically manifested in: 1. The metal negative electrode fixing structure and the circuit topology are decoupled, which leads to complex replacement of the negative electrode and easy contact failure of the electrode; 2. The electrolyte supply path and the reaction chamber layout are not matched, making it difficult to balance the mixing seal, pressure balance and flow efficiency; 3. The output voltage regulation simply relies on traditional DC / DC modules, and the overall energy efficiency is low. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides an electromechanical coupling quick-change metal fuel cell, aiming to realize quick replacement of metal negative electrode, plug-and-play, one-time filling of electrolyte, natural circulation, anti-mixing sealing and air pressure balance, improve overall energy efficiency and maintain stable output voltage.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions: an electromechanical coupling quick-change metal fuel cell, characterized in that it comprises: a bottom shell having an upwardly open accommodating cavity, and a buckle mounting portion provided on the side wall; a fuel cell module comprising a negative electrode quick-change cover provided on the top thereof, a reaction cavity unit array located below the negative electrode quick-change cover, and a liquid storage tank provided on the side thereof, the fuel cell module being adapted to be mounted in the accommodating cavity of the bottom shell; a top expansion dock provided with a power interface module and a bottom electromechanical coupling interface; a liquid storage tank sealing cover covering the top opening of the liquid storage tank and being detachably connected with the top expansion dock; a combined buckle fixedly installed on the buckle mounting portion of the side wall of the bottom shell, the locking part of the buckle extending to the surface of the top expansion dock and the liquid storage tank sealing cover and forming a locking fitting structure.

[0007] The bottom end of the negative electrode quick-change cover is provided with a first electromechanical coupling interface; the top end of the reaction cavity unit is provided with a second electromechanical coupling interface; the geometric structure of the first electromechanical coupling interface and the second electromechanical coupling interface is interfitting, mechanical locking and electrical connection between the reaction cavity unit and the negative electrode quick-change cover being completed through a single axial coupling action; the top end of the negative electrode quick-change cover is provided with a third electromechanical coupling interface; the bottom end of the top expansion dock is provided with a fourth electromechanical coupling interface.

[0008] The bottom of the negative electrode quick-change cover is provided with one or more metal negative electrode limiting grooves; the number of metal negative electrode limiting grooves corresponds to the number of metal negative electrodes one-to-one; the metal negative electrodes are vertically fixedly embedded in the corresponding metal negative electrode limiting grooves.

[0009] The inside of the negative electrode quick-change cover is provided with a control circuit board; the control circuit board is electrically connected with the metal negative electrodes and the first and third electromechanical coupling interfaces, providing electrical connection paths between the metal negative electrodes and between the metal negative electrodes and the first and third electromechanical coupling interfaces;

[0010] The liquid storage tank is provided with a top opening, and at least one partition rib is vertically provided inside; the top of the partition rib is lower than the top opening of the liquid storage tank; the liquid storage tank sealing cover cooperates with the partition rib to divide the liquid storage tank into a plurality of independent electrolyte compartments; each electrolyte compartment is communicated with a corresponding reaction cavity unit through a special channel on the side wall of the liquid storage tank.

[0011] Preferably, when the top expansion dock is press-fitted to the negative quick-change cover, the third electromechanical coupling interface and the fourth electromechanical coupling interface are fitted together to achieve structural positioning and electrical connection between the top expansion dock and the negative quick-change cover.

[0012] Preferably, the bottom of the liquid storage tank sealing cover is provided with an elongated sealing strip; the bottom surface of the sealing strip and the top surface of the partition rib are respectively provided with matching fitting protrusions and grooves; when the liquid storage tank sealing cover is closed in the vertical direction, the fitting protrusions are pressed into the grooves, so that a radial sealing interface is formed between the sealing strip and the partition rib, so as to construct each electrolyte compartment into a liquid-tight chamber.

[0013] Preferably, the liquid storage tank sealing cover is provided with a sandwich cavity structure; the sandwich cavity structure includes a bottom through hole, a middle sandwich layer and a top cover; the bottom through hole communicates with the liquid storage tank and is equipped with a waterproof and breathable device; the middle sandwich layer has a through hole on its side that connects to the outside; the upper surface of the top cover is provided with a slot, which matches the locking component of the combined buckle.

[0014] Preferably, the combined latch includes: a locking component, a set of symmetrical locking components respectively embedded in the upper surface grooves of the top expansion dock and the liquid storage tank sealing cover; a strap component, which has a strap interface for connecting a portable strap; and a pivot pin, which coaxially pivotally connects the locking component and the strap component to the latch mounting part provided on the side wall of the bottom shell, so that the locking component and the strap component can rotate relative to each other around the pivot pin; the locking component and the strap component are provided with matching locking protrusions and limiting grooves, and when the locking component and the strap component rotate around the pivot pin to the locked position, they form a self-locking state by interference fit.

[0015] Preferably, the power interface module of the top expansion dock includes: at least two sets of power input terminals, one set of input terminals electrically connected to the fuel cell module and one set of input terminals electrically connected to an external power source; at least one set of power output terminals; and multiple circuit units.

[0016] Preferably, the circuit unit further includes:

[0017] A power path switching unit is connected between the power input terminal and the power output terminal;

[0018] Two sampling circuits:

[0019] The first sampling circuit is connected to the input terminal that is electrically connected to the fuel cell module and is used to detect the electrical signal output by the fuel cell module.

[0020] The second sampling circuit is connected to the input terminal that is electrically connected to the external power supply, and is used to detect the electrical signal input by the external power supply.

[0021] Two adjustable DC-DC converters:

[0022] The first adjustable DC-DC converter has its input terminal connected to the input terminal electrically connected to the fuel cell module, and its output terminal connected to the power path switching unit.

[0023] The second adjustable DC-DC converter has its input terminal connected to the input terminal that is electrically connected to the external power supply, and its output terminal connected to the power path switching unit.

[0024] Two sets of PWM signal generators:

[0025] The first PWM signal generator has its signal feedback terminal connected to the output terminal of the first sampling circuit, and its drive signal output terminal connected to the pulse width modulation signal receiving terminal of the first adjustable DC-DC converter.

[0026] The second PWM signal generator has its signal feedback terminal connected to the output terminal of the second sampling circuit, and its drive signal output terminal connected to the pulse width modulation signal receiving terminal of the second adjustable DC-DC converter.

[0027] Preferably, the power path switching unit includes a multi-controllable power switch for dynamically connecting or decoupling the fuel cell module and the external power source.

[0028] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0029] 1. In this invention, the metal negative electrode is fixedly installed on the negative electrode quick-change cover. First to fourth electromechanical coupling interfaces are designed to work collaboratively between the negative electrode quick-change cover, the reaction chamber unit, and the top expansion dock. Through the specific layout and cooperation of the first to fourth interfaces, a single axial coupling or pressing action is sufficient to simultaneously achieve reliable mechanical locking, precise structural positioning, and stable electrical connection between the negative electrode quick-change cover, the reaction chamber unit, and the top expansion dock. This design significantly improves the replacement efficiency of the metal negative electrode, increasing it by more than 90% compared to existing technologies. Simultaneously, this integrated quick-change mechanism effectively avoids technical problems such as poor contact, unstable contact resistance, and decreased connection reliability due to repeated disassembly and reassembly that may occur during traditional manual replacement of bolt-type or snap-on metal negative electrodes, significantly improving the stability of the electrical connection and the reliability of system operation.

[0030] 2. In this invention, a vertical partition rib is installed inside the electrolyte storage tank. This partition rib works tightly with the sealing strip integrated into the tank's top cover to divide the tank into multiple physically isolated independent electrolyte compartments. Each independent electrolyte compartment is connected to a corresponding reaction chamber unit cavity through a dedicated channel on the tank's side wall. This structural design allows for: a single injection of electrolyte into the storage tank to achieve automated delivery and precise self-balancing of electrolyte levels to multiple reaction chamber units without external power (such as a pump); extremely low electrolyte mixing rate (<0.1%) in each reaction chamber unit, a significant advantage compared to traditional pipeline circulation designs (mixing rate typically >5%); a centralized, large-capacity storage tank design, increasing the continuous operating time of a single electrolyte injection by over 60% while maintaining the same working volume of the reaction chamber unit cavity; and complete elimination of traditional circulating fluid circuits and their auxiliary components (such as pumps, valves, connecting pipes, etc.), effectively avoiding malfunctions caused by them, and reducing the overall system failure rate by 90%.

[0031] 3. In this invention, the top-mounted expansion dock power interface module integrates key components such as input / output terminals, sampling circuits, an adjustable DC-DC converter, a PWM signal generator, and a power path switching unit, achieving efficient and stable operation of the fuel cell module and intelligent hybrid parallel power supply from external input power. The PWM signal generator in this module dynamically adjusts the adjustable DC-DC converter to supply power to the external load based on the circuit detection information. By introducing dynamic impedance matching and maximum power point tracking technology, the fuel cell always operates in a highly efficient and stable region. Thanks to this optimized design, the adjustable DC-DC converter achieves a boost and power conversion efficiency of ≥90% for the fuel cell, significantly higher than the 70%-80% efficiency level of traditional DC-DC boost circuits, thus improving the overall system energy efficiency. Furthermore, the module monitors the system status in real time (including input / output voltage / current, load demand, power status, etc.) through the detection circuit unit, and accordingly controls the power path switching unit to dynamically and seamlessly allocate power flow paths (such as independent power supply from external power, independent power supply from the fuel cell, or parallel power supply from both). Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an electromechanically coupled fast-swap metal fuel cell according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell module structure according to the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a top-mounted expansion dock according to the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a negative electrode quick-change cover according to the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the top of a liquid storage tank according to the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the side of a liquid storage tank and its sealing cover according to the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a combined buckle according to the present invention;

[0039] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit topology of a power interface module according to the present invention.

[0040] In the diagram: 1. Bottom outer shell, 11. Receiving cavity, 12. Buckle mounting part; 2. Fuel cell module, 21. Negative electrode quick-change cover, 211. First electromechanical coupling interface, 212. Third electromechanical coupling interface, 213. Metal negative limit groove, 214. Metal negative electrode, 215. Control circuit board, 22. Reaction chamber unit, 221. Second electromechanical coupling interface, 23. Liquid storage tank, 231. Top opening of liquid storage tank, 232. Separating rib, 233. Electrolyte compartment, 234. Dedicated channel on the side wall of liquid storage tank; 3. Top expansion dock, 31. Fourth electromechanical coupling interface, 32. Slot on the upper surface of the top expansion dock; 4. Liquid storage tank sealing cover, 41. Sealing strip, 42. Bottom through hole, 421. Waterproof and breathable device, 43. Middle 431. Side wall through hole; 44. Top cover; 441. Upper surface groove of liquid storage tank sealing cover; 5. Combination buckle; 51. Locking component; 511. Limiting groove; 52. Strap component; 521. Strap interface; 522. Locking protrusion; 53. Pivot pin; 6. Power interface module; 61. First power input terminal; 62. Second power input terminal; 63. Power output terminal; 64. First sampling circuit; 65. First PWM signal generator; 66. First adjustable DC-DC converter; 67. Second sampling circuit; 68. Second PWM signal generator; 69. Second adjustable DC-DC converter; 610. Power path switching unit; 7. External power supply; 8. External load. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the presented drawings are merely examples of some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art, based on the teachings of the present invention, can understand and implement other feasible technical solutions without creative effort, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the description; all such solutions should fall within the scope of protection of the claims.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, an electromechanically coupled quick-change metal fuel cell includes: a bottom outer shell 1 with an upwardly open receiving cavity 11 and a snap-fit ​​mounting part 12 on the side wall; a fuel cell module 2 including two negative electrode quick-change covers 21 located at the top, two reaction chamber units 22 located below the negative electrode quick-change covers 21, and a liquid storage tank 23 located on the side, the liquid storage tank 23 having a top opening 231, and the fuel cell module 2 being adapted and installed in the receiving cavity 11 of the bottom outer shell 1; a top expansion dock 3 with a fourth electromechanical coupling interface 31; a liquid storage tank sealing cover 4 covering the top opening 231 of the liquid storage tank 23 and forming a detachable connection with the top expansion dock 3 by a plug-in positioning method; and a combination snap 5 fixedly installed on the snap-fit ​​mounting part 12 on the side wall of the bottom outer shell 1, the locking part 51 of which extends to the upper surface of the top expansion dock 3 and the liquid storage tank sealing cover 4 and forms a locking engagement structure with the upper surface groove 32 of the top expansion dock and the upper surface groove 441 of the liquid storage tank sealing cover.

[0044] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the negative electrode quick-change cover 21 integrates a first electromechanical coupling interface 211 at its bottom and a third electromechanical coupling interface 212 at its top; the reaction chamber unit 22 integrates a second electromechanical coupling interface 221 at its top; and the top expansion dock 3 integrates a fourth electromechanical coupling interface 31 at its bottom. The core connection mechanism between the three includes: a. quick-change connection of the chamber cover: through a vertical insertion and removal operation, the first electromechanical coupling interface 211 and the second electromechanical coupling interface 221, with their interlocking coupling structure, simultaneously complete the rigid mechanical interlock and establish an efficient conductive path between the negative electrode quick-change cover 21 and the reaction chamber unit 22; b. tool-free connection of the expansion dock: the third electromechanical coupling interface 212 and the fourth electromechanical coupling interface 31 are designed with complementary guiding and limiting structures. When the top expansion dock 3 is axially pressed and assembled onto the negative electrode quick-change cover 21, the limiting structure and the combined buckle 5 ensure that the two are accurately positioned and securely locked, while simultaneously achieving reliable conduction of the interface electrical contacts.

[0045] like Figure 4 As shown, the bottom of the negative electrode quick-change cover 21 integrates two metal negative limit grooves 213, and two metal negative electrodes 214 are rigidly fixed in the corresponding limit grooves in a vertical posture. A control circuit board 215 is disposed inside the negative electrode quick-change cover 21. This control circuit board 215 forms a conductive path between the two metal negative electrodes 214 and between the metal negative electrodes and the first electromechanical coupling interface 211 and the third electromechanical coupling interface 212. The metal negative electrodes 214 are reliably and directly electrically connected to the control circuit board 215 in a manner such as bolt fastening or welding.

[0046] It should be noted that when there is only one metal negative electrode, the control circuit board establishes an electrical connection between the metal negative electrode and the first and third electromechanical coupling interfaces; when there are multiple metal negative electrodes, the control circuit board also electrically connects multiple metal negative electrodes fixed thereon to establish electrical connection paths between each metal negative electrode and between all metal negative electrodes and the first and third electromechanical coupling interfaces.

[0047] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the liquid storage tank 23 has three vertically extending partition ribs 232 inside, each with a top height lower than the plane of the top opening 231 of the liquid storage tank, forming a stepped cavity structure. A long strip-shaped sealing strip 41 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the liquid storage tank sealing cover 4. The bottom surface of this sealing strip and the top surface of the partition ribs 232 are respectively machined with complementary interlocking structures (specifically: the sealing strip has continuous raised ribs, and the top surface of the partition ribs has matching grooves). When the liquid storage tank sealing cover 4 is pressed vertically, the raised ribs are precisely embedded in the grooves, and under the action of axial clamping force, a continuous radial sealing interface is formed between the sealing strip 41 and the partition ribs 232. This sealing structure divides the liquid storage tank 23 into four completely independent liquid-tight electrolyte compartments 233, with no fluid channels between the compartments, completely blocking the electrolyte mixing path. Each electrolyte compartment 233 is independently connected to one of the cavities of the corresponding reaction chamber unit 22 through a dedicated channel 234 on the side wall of the liquid storage tank.

[0048] Based on the above topological configuration, the following technical advantages can be achieved: a. Convenience of filling: After the electrolyte is injected at a single point through the top opening of the storage tank, it can be synchronously and evenly distributed to all electrolyte compartments and connected reaction chamber units by gravity; b. Anti-mixing protection: The physical isolation mechanism of the radial sealing interface ensures that the electrolyte components in each compartment are independent; c. Anti-clogging design: The sidewall straight flow channel replaces the traditional circulation pipeline, eliminating the risk of sediment accumulation caused by bent pipe sections.

[0049] like Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the liquid storage tank sealing cover 4 has a sandwich cavity structure, which includes, from bottom to top: a bottom through hole 42, which passes through the bottom of the liquid storage tank sealing cover 4 and communicates with the liquid storage tank 23 below, and a waterproof and breathable device 421 is installed on the upper surface; a middle sandwich 43, with a side wall through hole 431 for connecting to the external environment and discharging gas that escapes through the waterproof and breathable device 421; and a top cover 44, which has a groove 441 on the upper surface of the liquid storage tank sealing cover, which matches the locking component 51 of the combination buckle 5. When the locking component 51 is rotated, the protruding rib of the bottom 51 of the locking component can be precisely embedded in the groove 441 to lock the sealing cover.

[0050] like Figure 3 and Figure 7As shown, the combination buckle 5 consists of the following parts: locking components 51, a pair of symmetrically arranged locking components 51, respectively embedded in the slot 32 of the top expansion dock 3 and the slot 441 of the liquid storage tank sealing cover 4; a strap component 52, including a strap interface portion 521 for connecting a portable strap; and a pivot pin 53, passing through the buckle mounting portion 12 provided on the side wall of the bottom outer shell 1, which coaxially pivotally connects the locking components 51 and the strap component 52, allowing them to rotate relative to each other around the pin. The locking components 51 are provided with a limiting groove 511, and the strap component 52 is provided with a matching locking protrusion 522. When the two rotate relative to each other around the pivot pin 53 to the locked position, the limiting groove 511 and the locking protrusion 522 form a self-locking state through an interference fit.

[0051] It should be noted that the negative electrode quick-change cap and the reaction chamber unit have a fixed pairing relationship, that is, each negative electrode quick-change cap is dedicated to a specific reaction chamber unit, and the two are configured one-to-one. Correspondingly, there is also a fixed one-to-one pairing relationship between the electrolyte compartment located inside the reaction chamber unit and the metal negative electrode fixed on its corresponding negative electrode quick-change cap. In this embodiment, for ease of understanding, an implementation containing two negative electrode quick-change caps (each paired with two reaction chamber units) and four metal negative electrodes (each paired with four electrolyte compartments) is specifically shown. However, it should be understood that the specific number of the above pairing relationships is not fixed. The significant advantage of the present invention is that the number of pairing combinations of negative electrode quick-change caps / reaction chamber units and metal negative electrodes / electrolyte compartments can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual required power level. Therefore, the technical solution claimed in the claims covers the flexibility feature of selecting different pairing combinations based on power requirements. Any specific configuration scheme of the above pairing numbers based on this flexibility feature to achieve different power outputs falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] In one specific embodiment, the power interface module of the top expansion dock 3 is configured to perform at least two core functions: a. Optimal operating range control of the fuel cell module: Based on changes in external load power demand, power tracking control is performed on the output of the fuel cell module 2, and the equivalent input impedance is dynamically adjusted to ensure that the fuel cell module 2 always operates within the high-efficiency range of its output characteristic curve, while maintaining stable output voltage. b. Hybrid parallel access and intelligent power distribution of multiple input power sources: This enables parallel access of the fuel cell module 2 with multiple external power sources (such as photovoltaic or lithium batteries), and dynamically distributes power flow according to a preset power distribution strategy and real-time operating parameters. The specific implementation is described below:

[0054] like Figure 8As shown, the core components of the power interface module 6 built into the top expansion dock 3 include a first power input terminal 61, a second power input terminal 62, a power output terminal 63, and a circuit unit consisting of a first sampling circuit 64, a first PWM signal generator 65, a first adjustable DC-DC converter 66, a second sampling circuit 67, a second PWM signal generator 68, a second adjustable DC-DC converter 69, and a power path switching unit 610.

[0055] The external circuit connections of the power interface module 6 are as follows: the first power input terminal 61 is electrically connected to the fuel cell module 2, the second power input terminal 62 is electrically connected to the external power source 7, and the power output terminal 63 is electrically connected to the external load 8. The internal functional circuit connections of the power interface module 6 include two links: a fuel cell detection and path control link, and an external power source detection and path control link.

[0056] The connection relationship between fuel cell detection and path control links is as follows:

[0057] The input terminal of the first sampling circuit 64 is directly connected to the first power input terminal 61 to collect relevant parameters in real time. The signal feedback terminal of the first PWM signal generator 65 is connected to the output terminal of the first sampling circuit 64 to receive sampled data; the drive signal output terminal of the first PWM signal generator 65 is connected to the signal receiving terminal of the first adjustable DC-DC converter 66 to send control signals. The power input terminal of the first adjustable DC-DC converter 66 is connected to the first power input terminal 61 to receive fuel cell power, and its power output terminal is connected to the power input terminal of the power path switching unit 610 to output converted and regulated fuel cell power.

[0058] The connection relationship between the external power supply detection and the path control link is as follows:

[0059] The input terminal of the second sampling circuit 67 is directly connected to the second power input terminal 62 to detect the status of the external power supply 7 (such as its presence, voltage, etc.). The signal feedback terminal of the second PWM signal generator 68 is connected to the output terminal of the second sampling circuit 67 to receive the sampled data; the drive signal output terminal of the second PWM signal generator 68 is connected to the signal receiving terminal of the second adjustable DC-DC converter 69 to send control signals. The power input terminal of the second adjustable DC-DC converter 69 is connected to the second power input terminal 62 to receive external power, and its power output terminal is connected to the power input terminal of the power path switching unit 610 to output the converted and regulated external power.

[0060] The power path switching unit 610 controls a built-in multi-controllable power switch based on input power parameters and a preset power allocation strategy, thereby selecting to output fuel cell power, external power supply power, or a hybrid parallel output of various heterogeneous power sources. The preset power allocation strategy follows a priority principle: photovoltaic power > fuel cell module > lithium battery power. Accordingly, the power path switching unit selectively feeds photovoltaic power and / or fuel cell power to the power output terminal based on the power demand of the external load, or coordinates multiple input sources (including photovoltaic, fuel cell, and lithium battery) for parallel hybrid output to achieve optimal energy source utilization.

[0061] It should be emphasized that the electromechanical coupling interface terminal types and accompanying drawings illustrated in Embodiments 1 and 2 are merely illustrative examples of specific implementation methods, intended to clearly explain feasible technical solutions, and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of the claims. Those skilled in the art can flexibly select any suitable interface or terminal structure based on actual current carrying requirements, installation space, and ease of maintenance. Furthermore, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the essential spirit and core principles of this invention should be covered by the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. An electromechanically coupled fast-swap metal fuel cell, characterized in that, include: The bottom outer shell has an upward-opening receiving cavity and a snap-on mounting portion on its side wall; the fuel cell module includes a negative electrode quick-change cover on its top, a reaction chamber unit array located below the negative electrode quick-change cover, and a liquid storage tank on its side, the fuel cell module being adapted and installed in the receiving cavity of the bottom outer shell; the top expansion dock is provided with a power interface module and a bottom electromechanical coupling interface; the liquid storage tank sealing cover covers the top opening of the liquid storage tank and is detachably connected to the top expansion dock; the combination snap is fixedly installed on the snap-on mounting portion on the side wall of the bottom outer shell, and its locking component extends to the surface of the top expansion dock and the liquid storage tank sealing cover to form a locking fit structure; The bottom of the negative electrode quick-change cover is provided with a first electromechanical coupling interface; the top of the reaction chamber unit is provided with a second electromechanical coupling interface; the first electromechanical coupling interface and the second electromechanical coupling interface are geometrically interlocked, and the mechanical locking and electrical connection between the reaction chamber unit and the negative electrode quick-change cover are completed through a single axial coupling action; the top of the negative electrode quick-change cover is provided with a third electromechanical coupling interface; the bottom of the top expansion dock is provided with a fourth electromechanical coupling interface; The bottom of the negative electrode quick-change cover is provided with one or more metal negative limit slots; the number of metal negative limit slots corresponds one-to-one with the number of metal negative electrodes; the metal negative electrodes are vertically fixedly embedded in the corresponding metal negative limit slots. The negative electrode quick-change cover is provided with a control circuit board; the control circuit board is electrically connected to the metal negative electrode and the first electromechanical coupling interface and the third electromechanical coupling interface, providing an electrical connection path between the metal negative electrodes and between the metal negative electrode and the first electromechanical coupling interface and the third electromechanical coupling interface. The liquid storage tank has a top opening and at least one partition rib is vertically arranged inside; the top of the partition rib is lower than the top opening of the liquid storage tank; the liquid storage tank sealing cover cooperates with the partition rib to divide the liquid storage tank into multiple independent electrolyte compartments; each electrolyte compartment is connected to a corresponding reaction chamber unit through a dedicated channel on the side wall of the liquid storage tank.

2. The electromechanically coupled fast-swap metal fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the top expansion dock is pressed and connected to the negative quick-change cover, the third electromechanical coupling interface and the fourth electromechanical coupling interface are engaged, realizing the structural positioning and electrical connection between the top expansion dock and the negative quick-change cover.

3. The electromechanically coupled fast-swap metal fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the liquid storage tank sealing cover is provided with an elongated sealing strip; the bottom surface of the sealing strip and the top surface of the partition rib are respectively provided with matching fitting protrusions and grooves; when the liquid storage tank sealing cover is closed in the vertical direction, the fitting protrusions are pressed into the grooves, so that a radial sealing interface is formed between the sealing strip and the partition rib, so as to construct each electrolyte compartment into a liquid-tight chamber.

4. The electromechanically coupled fast-swap metal fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid storage tank sealing cover is provided with a sandwich cavity structure; the sandwich cavity structure includes a bottom through hole, a middle sandwich layer and a top cover; the bottom through hole communicates with the liquid storage tank and is equipped with a waterproof and breathable device; the middle sandwich layer has a through hole on its side that connects to the outside; the upper surface of the top cover is provided with a slot, which matches the locking component of the combined buckle.

5. The electromechanically coupled fast-swap metal fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The combined latch includes: a locking component, a set of symmetrical locking components respectively embedded in the upper surface slots of the top expansion dock and the liquid storage tank sealing cover; a strap component, which has a strap interface for connecting a portable strap; and a pivot pin, which coaxially pivotally connects the locking component and the strap component to the latch mounting part provided on the side wall of the bottom shell, so that the locking component and the strap component can rotate relative to each other around the pivot pin; the locking component and the strap component are provided with matching locking protrusions and limiting grooves, and when the locking component and the strap component rotate around the pivot pin to the locked position, they form a self-locking state by interference fit.

6. The electromechanically coupled fast-swap metal fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power interface module of the top expansion dock includes: at least two sets of power input terminals, one set of input terminals electrically connected to the fuel cell module and one set of input terminals electrically connected to an external power source; at least one set of power output terminals; and multiple circuit units.

7. The electromechanically coupled fast-swap metal fuel cell according to claim 6, characterized in that, The circuit unit further includes: A power path switching unit is connected between the power input terminal and the power output terminal; Two sampling circuits: The first sampling circuit is connected to the input terminal that is electrically connected to the fuel cell module and is used to detect the electrical signal output by the fuel cell module. The second sampling circuit is connected to the input terminal that is electrically connected to the external power supply, and is used to detect the electrical signal input by the external power supply. Two adjustable DC-DC converters: The first adjustable DC-DC converter has its input terminal connected to the input terminal electrically connected to the fuel cell module, and its output terminal connected to the power path switching unit. The second adjustable DC-DC converter has its input terminal connected to the input terminal that is electrically connected to the external power supply, and its output terminal connected to the power path switching unit. Two sets of PWM signal generators: The first PWM signal generator has its signal feedback terminal connected to the output terminal of the first sampling circuit, and its drive signal output terminal connected to the pulse width modulation signal receiving terminal of the first adjustable DC-DC converter. The second PWM signal generator has its signal feedback terminal connected to the output terminal of the second sampling circuit, and its drive signal output terminal connected to the pulse width modulation signal receiving terminal of the second adjustable DC-DC converter.

8. The electromechanically coupled fast-swap metal fuel cell according to claim 7, characterized in that, The power path switching unit includes a multi-controllable power switch, which is used to realize the dynamic parallel connection or decoupling of the fuel cell module and the external power source.

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