A method and system for remote pipe-type ground temperature observation in permafrost regions

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of frozen earth area remote pipe type geothermal observation method and system, it is related to data measurement management technical field, method includes: obtaining multiple observation casing, obtaining observation node;Obtain the processing period, obtain the average temperature observation sequence of each observation casing;According to the average temperature observation sequence of the jth observation casing, obtain multiple first temperature difference, and according to the average temperature observation sequence of the observation casing adjacent to the jth observation casing, obtain multiple second temperature difference, and according to first temperature difference and second temperature difference, obtain multiple difference degree;If there is no difference degree exceeding preset threshold, then obtain the first current geothermal data of each observation node on the jth observation casing at current time, and according to multiple first current geothermal data of the jth observation casing, obtain first observation result.The application has the advantages of good measurement management effect, reliable data processing and accurate measurement.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of data measurement management, and in particular to a remote pipe-type ground temperature observation method and system in permafrost regions. BACKGROUND

[0002] In long-term monitoring of ground temperature in permafrost regions, distributed observation nodes face uncontrollable failure risks due to extreme environmental effects such as high coldness, strong radiation, and freeze-thaw cycles. Specifically, individual sensors may produce non-systematic deviations (such as ±1℃ to 5℃ drift) at specific depth horizons (such as the freeze-thaw interface) due to factors such as icing and extrusion, wire oxidation, or animal gnawing, resulting in local depth data distortion. The existing single-sleeve self-checking mode cannot distinguish between device failure and real geological anomalies. Secondly, the existing technology only checks single-point temperature thresholds, mistakenly considering reasonable thermal field differences as device failures, resulting in the incorrect disposal of valid data. When the failure occurs in the critical transition zone of freezing and thawing, blindly discarding the data of the entire sleeve will lose the displacement data of the phase change interface, and induce a lag response of the protection project. Finally, the existing method cannot cross-verify the reliability of observation nodes at the same depth and different physical locations, and can only rely on single-point historical data comparison. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the technical problem in the prior art that it is impossible to establish a mechanism for quickly positioning abnormal observation nodes under spatial constraints and reconstructing data, thereby ensuring the continuity of monitoring of key horizons and the reliability of engineering decisions, the present application provides a remote pipe-type ground temperature observation method and system in permafrost regions.

[0004] A remote pipe-type ground temperature observation method in permafrost regions, comprising: obtaining a plurality of observation sleeves vertically arranged underground in a permafrost region and distributed along an array, and obtaining observation nodes uniformly arranged from top to bottom on the observation sleeves; obtaining a previous observation period of a current observation period as a to-be-processed period, and obtaining the average temperature of each observation node on each observation sleeve in the to-be-processed period and sequentially arranging the average temperature in the order from top to bottom to form an average temperature observation sequence of each observation sleeve; obtaining a plurality of first temperature differences according to the average temperature observation sequence of the jth observation sleeve, and obtaining a plurality of second temperature differences according to the average temperature observation sequence of the observation sleeve adjacent to the jth observation sleeve, and obtaining a plurality of difference degrees according to the first temperature differences and the second temperature differences; if there is no difference degree exceeding a preset threshold, obtaining first current ground temperature data of each observation node on the jth observation sleeve at the current time, and obtaining a first observation result according to the plurality of first current ground temperature data of the jth observation sleeve.

[0005] Optionally, obtaining the plurality of first temperature differences according to the average temperature observation sequence of the jth observation casing comprises: obtaining the i+1th average temperature and the ith average temperature from the average temperature observation sequence of the jth observation casing; and obtaining the ith first temperature difference according to the i+1th average temperature and the ith average temperature from the average temperature observation sequence of the jth observation casing.

[0006] Optionally, obtaining the plurality of second temperature differences according to the average temperature observation sequence of the observation casing adjacent to the jth observation casing comprises: obtaining the i+1th average temperature and the ith average temperature from the average temperature observation sequence of the observation casing adjacent to the jth observation casing; and obtaining the ith second temperature difference according to the i+1th average temperature and the ith average temperature from the average temperature observation sequence of the observation casing adjacent to the jth observation casing.

[0007] Optionally, obtaining the plurality of differences according to the first temperature differences and the second temperature differences comprises: obtaining the ith difference according to the ith first temperature difference and the ith second temperature difference.

[0008] Optionally, obtaining the first observation result according to the plurality of first current ground temperature data of the jth observation casing comprises: arranging the plurality of first current ground temperature data of the jth observation casing in order from top to bottom to form a current ground temperature sequence; identifying a continuous increasing or decreasing trend of temperature with depth according to the current ground temperature sequence of the jth observation casing, and determining a core feature of the permafrost thermal steady state in which the jth observation casing is located according to the continuous increasing or decreasing trend, and taking the core feature as the first observation result.

[0009] Optionally, the method further comprises: if there is a difference exceeding a preset threshold, obtaining a specified depth range corresponding to the difference; obtaining second current ground temperature data of each observation node on the jth observation casing except for the observation nodes located in the specified depth range at the current time; and obtaining a second observation result according to the plurality of second current ground temperature data of the jth observation casing.

[0010] The application further provides a remote pipe-type ground temperature observation system for permafrost regions, which comprises: an observation acquisition module, which is used to acquire a plurality of observation casings arranged vertically in the permafrost regions and distributed along an array, and acquire observation nodes arranged uniformly from top to bottom on the observation casings; a data acquisition module, which is used to acquire an observation period before a current observation period as a to-be-processed period, acquire average temperatures of the observation nodes on the observation casings in the to-be-processed period, and arrange the average temperatures in a sequence from top to bottom to form an average temperature observation sequence of each observation casing; an observation analysis module, which is used to acquire a plurality of first temperature differences according to the average temperature observation sequence of the jth observation casing, acquire a plurality of second temperature differences according to the average temperature observation sequences of the observation casings adjacent to the jth observation casing, and acquire a plurality of differences according to the first temperature differences and the second temperature differences; and a first result acquisition module, which is used to acquire current ground temperature data of the observation nodes on the jth observation casing at the current time when there is no difference exceeding a preset threshold, and acquire an observation result according to the current ground temperature data of the jth observation casing.

[0011] Optionally, the observation analysis module is further used to: acquire the i+1th average temperature and the ith average temperature from the average temperature observation sequence of the jth observation casing; and acquire the ith first temperature difference according to the i+1th average temperature and the ith average temperature in the average temperature observation sequence of the jth observation casing.

[0012] Optionally, the observation analysis module is further used to: acquire the i+1th average temperature and the ith average temperature from the average temperature observation sequences of the observation casings adjacent to the jth observation casing; and acquire the ith second temperature difference according to the i+1th average temperature and the ith average temperature in the average temperature observation sequences of the observation casings adjacent to the jth observation casing.

[0013] Optionally, the second result acquisition module is further used to: acquire a specified depth range corresponding to the difference when there is a difference exceeding the preset threshold, acquire second current ground temperature data of the observation nodes on the jth observation casing except for the observation nodes in the specified depth range at the current time, and acquire a second observation result according to the second current ground temperature data of the jth observation casing.

[0014] The application has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] In the whole permafrost remote tubular ground temperature observation method, first, the horizontal correlation of the nodes at the same depth under the regular grid deployment is utilized, the vertical temperature gradient characteristics (temperature difference between adjacent nodes) of each observation casing are dynamically compared with the same depth interval gradient of the adjacent casings, the local sensor drift caused by freezing extrusion, animal gnawing and the like is accurately positioned, and the traditional single-point threshold method is avoided to misjudge the reasonable thermal field difference (such as the natural temperature mutation of the freezing and thawing interface) as equipment failure; further, when the gradient difference of a specific depth horizon is detected to be over the threshold, only the node data of the abnormal depth interval of the casing is removed, the real-time monitoring values of the remaining normal nodes are retained, and the missing horizon information is reconstructed through the continuous temperature trend extrapolation of the residual nodes, so that the integrity of the freezing and thawing phase interface displacement data is maintained, and the loss of key geological characteristics caused by blindly discarding the whole casing data is prevented; further, the spatial gradient baseline is established based on the average temperature sequence of the previous period, the instantaneous environmental interference (such as the sudden change of single-point data caused by blizzard and strong radiation) is effectively resisted, and the stability of the verification reference is ensured. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the specific embodiments or the prior art description will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, each element or part is not necessarily drawn according to the actual proportion.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the permafrost remote tubular ground temperature observation method of the present application;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a part of the step schematic diagram of the permafrost remote tubular ground temperature observation method of the present application;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a part of the step schematic diagram of S3 in the permafrost remote tubular ground temperature observation method of the present application;

[0020] Figure 4 It is another part of the step schematic diagram of S4 in the permafrost remote tubular ground temperature observation method of the present application;

[0021] Figure 5 It is a step schematic diagram of the permafrost remote tubular ground temperature observation method of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the following will be combined with the accompanying drawings to make a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0023] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed present application, but only represents selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0024] It should be noted that: similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0025] As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 , a remote pipe-type ground temperature observation method in permafrost regions is provided, in one embodiment, the method comprises:

[0026] S1, a plurality of observation casings vertically arranged in the permafrost regions and distributed along an array are obtained, and observation nodes uniformly arranged from top to bottom on the observation casings are obtained;

[0027] S2, a previous observation period of a current observation period is obtained as a to-be-processed period, and the average temperature of each observation node on each observation casing in the to-be-processed period is obtained and arranged in order from top to bottom to form an average temperature observation sequence of each observation casing;

[0028] S3, a plurality of first temperature differences are obtained according to the average temperature observation sequence of the jth observation casing, a plurality of second temperature differences are obtained according to the average temperature observation sequence of the observation casing adjacent to the jth observation casing, and a plurality of difference degrees are obtained according to the first temperature differences and the second temperature differences;

[0029] S4, if there is no difference degree exceeding a preset threshold, the first current ground temperature data of each observation node on the jth observation casing at the current time is obtained, and the first observation result is obtained according to the plurality of first current ground temperature data of the jth observation casing.

[0030] In this embodiment, it is necessary to note that in S1, the problem of abnormal positioning under spatial constraints is solved by deploying multiple observation casings vertically fixed underground in permafrost regions. Specifically, these casings are designed to be arrayed, that is, arranged as a regular grid (for example, a rectangular array) in a planar area, ensuring consistent spacing between casings, thereby providing a physical basis for subsequent spatial cross-validation. At the same time, observation nodes (such as temperature sensors) are uniformly installed on each casing from top to bottom, and these nodes are spaced at different depths on the same casing, but the key point is that the nodes of all casings are aligned with each other in the vertical direction, that is, the nodes of different casings correspond one-to-one at the same depth position. This deployment mode enhances the ability to capture the characteristics of the three-dimensional thermal field, to some extent, solves the defect that the same depth nodes cannot be verified for credibility in the technical problem, and establishes a correlation between temperature data in the vertical and horizontal dimensions through the array structure, avoiding the limitations of relying solely on single-point historical data comparison. For example, in the permafrost region, engineers will pre-plan a grid site, drill vertical casings at multiple representative points, record the coordinates of each point accurately, use low-temperature-resistant alloys for casing materials to prevent deformation, and ensure that all casings have sensors installed at the same depth (such as 0 meters, 1 meter, 2 meters, etc.).

[0031] Further, for example, in the monitoring area of permafrost protection engineering, professionals select key positions (such as slopes or foundations) based on geological exploration results, use a drilling machine to vertically insert multiple casings according to a 5x5 grid, each casing is 10 meters deep, and the casings are spaced 1 meter apart to cover a sufficient range of freeze-thaw interface changes. Then, on each casing, a sensor node is fixed every 0.5 meters from top to bottom, totaling 20 nodes per casing, but the nodes of the ith casing (such as node 5) are precisely aligned with the same depth (such as the 5th meter depth layer) of the jth casing. This design achieves direct matching of "depth equivalent" nodes between different casings. In this way, during the data collection phase, by reading the node position information, all casings in the array at the specified depth can be automatically identified, constructing a spatial network framework for subsequent steps (such as difference calculation), effectively identifying local distortion or abnormal drift near the freeze-thaw interface without the need for additional hardware.

[0032] In S2, the problem of misjudgment caused by instantaneous interference is solved by establishing benchmark data of time span. Specifically, the method sets an observation period of fixed length (such as a complete freeze-thaw cycle), and selects the previous complete cycle at the current observation time as the period to be processed, ensuring that the data samples cover enough ground temperature variation process. By calculating the average temperature of each observation node in the cycle, the influence of short-term environmental disturbances such as blizzards and sun exposure is eliminated, making the temperature sequence more reflect the true thermal state of deep frozen soil. Then, for each observation casing, the average temperature of the nodes at different depths of the same casing is arranged in the order of depth from top to bottom to form a continuous vertical profile sequence. This processing method not only solves the defect of misjudging reasonable thermal field differences as faults in the technical problem, but also retains the phase change characteristics of the key freeze-thaw interface - for example, the average temperature sequence in the freeze-thaw transition region will show a clear gradient change rather than a sudden abnormal value, thereby avoiding the effective data being discarded due to single-point threshold misjudgment.

[0033] Further, for example, assuming that the winter freezing period (such as 60 days) is set as an observation period, when monitoring the thawing process in spring 2024, the complete freezing period from December 2023 to January 2024 is selected as the period to be processed. At this time, for the nodes at depths of 0 meters, 2 meters, and 4 meters on a certain observation casing, the average temperature of each node at all collection times in the 60 days is calculated (such as -15°C for the 0-meter node, -3°C for the 2-meter node, and 1°C for the 4-meter node), and then arranged in the order of depth to form the sequence [-15°C, -3°C, 1°C]. This sequence clearly shows a stable trend of temperature increasing with depth, with a significant temperature difference of 4°C between 2 meters and 4 meters, which is a typical characteristic of the freeze-thaw interface. In contrast, if only the -10°C of the 2-meter node at a single time is checked (due to a sudden cold wave), the error threshold will mask its actual key state in the phase transition layer.

[0034] In S3, the precise positioning of abnormal nodes is achieved through a spatial gradient comparison mechanism. The core idea is to analyze the differences in vertical thermal gradient characteristics between the target casing and adjacent casings. Specifically, for the jth observation casing being processed, first extract its average temperature observation sequence (generated from S2), and calculate the temperature difference between adjacent depth layers in the sequence (i.e., the first temperature difference), forming a set of gradient characteristics reflecting the vertical thermal variation of the casing. At the same time, the average temperature sequence of the same depth level of the casing adjacent to the jth casing (such as left or right or front and back) is obtained synchronously, and the temperature difference between adjacent depth layers is calculated according to the same rule (the second temperature difference). Then, the temperature differences of the two groups of depths are compared - by quantifying the gradient difference between each depth layer of the target casing and the same depth interval of its adjacent casing (i.e., the difference degree), to determine whether there is a local thermal abnormality, thereby avoiding the defect of single-point threshold misjudgment.

[0035] Further, for example, assuming that the jth casing is located at the center position of a 5x5 grid, its adjacent casings are east, west, south, and north. Taking the freeze-thaw interface depth interval as an example (such as the 2-3 m layer), if the first temperature difference (i.e., the temperature difference between the upper and lower nodes) of the jth casing in this interval is significantly higher or lower than the second temperature difference (i.e., the temperature difference between the upper and lower nodes) of the adjacent four casings at the same depth, the difference degree calculated will exceed the reasonable threshold. For example, due to animal gnawing, the 2.5 m node of the jth casing drifts, and the first temperature difference of the 2-3 m depth layer may abnormally increase (such as the temperature difference that should be flat is recorded as a sharp jump), while the adjacent casings remain the temperature difference characteristics under the natural state in this interval, and the difference degree comparison will directly expose this local anomaly; conversely, if all casings have consistent high temperature difference difference degree at the freeze-thaw interface, it is determined to be a reasonable freeze-thaw phase change feature rather than equipment failure. This step effectively solves the core problem that the original technology cannot distinguish between geological anomalies and hardware failure.

[0036] In S4, it is decided whether to use the real-time monitoring data of the target casing through a reliability verification mechanism. When the depth difference degree calculated in step S3 is below the preset threshold (i.e., the vertical temperature gradient change trend of the target casing and the adjacent casings is consistent), it indicates that all nodes of the jth observation casing have not appeared abnormal drift or local distortion. At this time, it is determined that the casing data is reliable, and the instantaneous temperature readings (first current ground temperature data) of each depth node of the casing at the current time are immediately obtained and arranged in real-time sequence according to the depth order. Subsequently, by analyzing the continuous gradient change characteristics of the sequence (such as the flat transition or inflection point jump of the temperature increasing / decreasing with depth), the core indicators of the thermal stability state such as the freeze-thaw interface displacement and the active layer thickness of the frozen soil are extracted. This step directly solves the defect of "blindly discarding the whole casing data leading to the loss of phase change interface information" in the technical problem, ensuring that the key geological features are accurately captured.

[0037] Further, for example, assuming that a certain center casing has all normal difference degrees in S3 (such as the adjacent casings in the 1-2 m depth interval all show a temperature gradient of 0.5°C / m), the current full-depth data of the casing is collected. If the real-time sequence shows that the temperature in the shallow 0-1 m layer is stable at -10°C, while the temperature at 1.5 m drops to -3°C (forming a 7°C jump inflection point), and the temperature below 2 m rises to 0°C. This nonlinear depth-temperature distribution is determined to be a typical feature of "freeze-thaw interface uplift" - the inflection point position indicates that the current phase change interface is located at 1.5 m deep, which is 0.3 m higher than the historical data, and needs to immediately trigger the roadbed heat preservation project response. Conversely, if the traditional method detects that -3°C at 1.5 m is lower than the single-point threshold (such as the preset -5°C), it will misjudge the node failure and discard the data, resulting in the project missing the frozen soil degradation warning.

[0038] In summary, in the whole permafrost remote pipe-type ground temperature observation method, first, the horizontal correlation of nodes with the same depth deployed in a regular grid is used to dynamically compare the vertical temperature gradient characteristics (temperature difference between adjacent nodes) of each observation casing with the same depth interval gradient of the adjacent casing, accurately locate the local sensor drift caused by freezing extrusion, animal gnawing, etc., and avoid misjudgment of reasonable thermal field differences (such as the natural temperature jump at the freezing-thawing interface) as equipment failure by the traditional single-point threshold method. Further, when the gradient difference of a specific depth horizon exceeds the threshold, only the node data of the abnormal depth interval of the casing is excluded, the real-time monitoring values of the remaining normal nodes are retained, and the missing horizon information is reconstructed by extrapolation of the continuous temperature trend of the remaining nodes, which not only maintains the integrity of the freezing-thawing phase interface displacement data, but also prevents the loss of key geological characteristics caused by blindly discarding the whole casing data. Further, a spatial gradient baseline is established based on the average temperature sequence of the previous period, which effectively resists instantaneous environmental interference (such as sudden changes in single-point data caused by blizzards and strong radiation), and ensures the stability of the verification baseline.

[0039] As shown in Figure 3 In one embodiment, the obtaining of the plurality of first temperature differences according to the average temperature observation sequence of the jth observation casing in S3 includes:

[0040] S31, obtaining the i+1th average temperature and the ith average temperature from the average temperature observation sequence of the jth observation casing.

[0041] S32, obtaining the ith first temperature difference according to the i+1th average temperature and the ith average temperature in the average temperature observation sequence of the jth observation casing.

[0042] In this embodiment, it should be noted that in S31 and S32, the vertical temperature gradient characteristics of the target casing (jth) are generated; wherein n≥j≥1, n is the number of observation casings. The average temperature observation sequence (average temperature values arranged in depth order) generated in the S2 step is extracted for the casing, and the relationship between the adjacent two depth layers is focused on: first, the average temperature values of the ith node (shallow depth) and the i+1th node (deeper depth) in the sequence are located, and then the temperature change (first temperature difference) between the two is calculated; wherein m-1≥i≥1, m is the number of average temperatures in the average temperature observation sequence of the observation casing. This difference directly reflects the ground temperature change rate of the target casing at a specific depth interval.

[0043] Further, by way of example, assume that the average temperature sequence of a certain casing is [-10°C, -5°C, 0°C] (corresponding to 0 m, 1 m, 2 m depth); the temperature difference of 0-1 m interval is 5°C, and the temperature difference of 1-2 m interval is 5°C. If the casing is in the frozen stable zone, such uniform temperature difference reflects the normal geothermal conduction rule; but if the node drift occurs at the freezing-thawing interface (e.g. 1 m depth) due to the wire oxidation, the temperature difference of 1-2 m interval may suddenly increase to 10°C (abnormal jump), and this anomaly will be exposed through the temperature difference.

[0044] As shown in Figure 3 , in one embodiment, the obtaining, in S3, a plurality of second temperature differences according to the average temperature observation sequence of the observation casings adjacent to the jth observation casing comprises:

[0045] S33, obtaining, according to the average temperature observation sequence of the observation casings adjacent to the jth observation casing, the i+1th average temperature and the ith average temperature;

[0046] S34, obtaining, according to the i+1th average temperature and the ith average temperature in the average temperature observation sequence of the observation casings adjacent to the jth observation casing, the ith second temperature difference.

[0047] In the present embodiment, it is to be noted that, in S33 and S34, a reference benchmark is provided for the spatial consistency check. The average temperature observation sequence of the casings (e.g. the casings above, below, left and right in the grid) adjacent to the physical position of the target casing (the jth) is obtained. According to the same rules as S31-S32, the average temperature difference (second temperature difference) of the adjacent casings in the same depth interval (i to i+1 layer) is calculated. These difference values constitute the thermal gradient feature set of the surrounding area, representing the natural state without disturbance.

[0048] Further, by way of example, taking the jth casing as the center, the temperature difference of 1-2 m interval of the casings adjacent to the east and west sides thereof is 4°C and 4.5°C respectively (both taken from the average sequence of S2). If the temperature difference of the same interval of the target casing is 10°C, and the average temperature difference of the adjacent casings is only 4.25°C, it indicates that the temperature change rate of the target casing deviates significantly from the surrounding area, suggesting that the node is abnormal.

[0049] As shown in Figure 3 , in one embodiment, the obtaining, in S3, a plurality of second temperature differences according to the average temperature observation sequence of the observation casings adjacent to the jth observation casing comprises:

[0050] S35, obtaining, according to the ith first temperature difference and the ith second temperature difference, the ith difference degree.

[0051] In this embodiment, it should be noted that in S35, a quantitative decision of abnormal positioning is performed. The first temperature difference (self gradient) of the target casing is compared with the second temperature difference (peripheral gradient) of the adjacent casing in the same depth interval to generate a difference index. This index quantifies the deviation of the target casing from the surrounding environment in a specific depth interval, and if it exceeds the threshold, it is marked as abnormal.

[0052] Further, continuing the previous example, the first temperature difference of the target casing in the 1-2 meter interval is 10°C, and the average second temperature difference of the adjacent casing in this interval is 4.25°C. The difference index can be (10-4.25) / 4.25≈135%, which is far beyond the preset threshold (such as 30%). This result clearly indicates that there is a drift fault near the 1.5 meter node of the target casing. On the contrary, if the difference index is 10% (such as the target temperature difference 4.7°C vs the average 4.3°C of the adjacent casing), it is determined to be a natural fluctuation of the geological thermal field.

[0053] As shown in Figure 4 In one embodiment, the first observation result obtained in S4 according to the plurality of first current ground temperature data of the jth observation casing includes:

[0054] S41, arranging the plurality of first current ground temperature data of the jth observation casing in order from top to bottom to form a current ground temperature sequence;

[0055] S42, identifying the continuous increasing and decreasing trend of temperature with depth according to the current ground temperature sequence of the jth observation casing, and determining the core feature of the permafrost thermal stable state where the jth observation casing is located as the first observation result.

[0056] In this embodiment, it should be noted that in S41, the observation node real-time temperature data that passes the reliability verification is reorganized into a continuous sequence in depth order. This operation is performed after S4 determines that the target casing (jth) has no abnormality: collect the instantaneous temperature readings (first current ground temperature data) of all depth nodes of the casing at the current time, strictly follow the spatial physical order from shallow to deep, and generate a vertical temperature distribution profile directly corresponding to the geological layering. This sequence abandons the traditional single-point independent analysis mode and instead constructs a continuous mapping relationship between depth and temperature, providing topological input for subsequent thermal state feature extraction.

[0057] Further, by way of example, assume that the target casing has a freeze-thaw interface at a depth of 2 meters, and read the real-time temperature values of its 0 meter, 1 meter, 2 meter, and 3 meter nodes. If the shallow 0-1 meter is in a frozen state (temperature below 0°C), and the temperature below 2 meters suddenly rises to positive, the sequence will show a stepwise distribution of [negative value→negative value→sudden positive value→positive value]. This arrangement directly highlights the phase change layer position and avoids feature omission caused by independent node data dispersion analysis.

[0058] In S42, the key markers of the frozen soil thermal regime are identified based on the sequence generated in S41. The continuity trend of temperature change with depth in the sequence is analyzed, and the depth interval in which the temperature difference between adjacent nodes in the sequence increases significantly (e.g., the temperature difference exceeds the natural conduction threshold) usually corresponds to the freezing-thawing interface; the depth layer in which the temperature increase-decrease direction reverses (e.g., low temperature to high temperature) reflects the active layer bottom boundary. By quantifying the position and amplitude changes of these features, the displacement amount of the freezing-thawing interface, the expansion and contraction values of the active layer thickness, and other engineering decision indicators are directly output.

[0059] Further, for example, continuing the previous example sequence, if a significant increase in temperature difference (e.g., 10 times that of other intervals) is detected between nodes 1 meter and 2 meters, and the 2-meter node reaches the critical phase transition temperature, it is determined that the freezing-thawing interface is located at a depth of 2 meters; if this position is 0.5 meters higher than the monitoring result of the previous month, an "accelerated degradation of frozen soil" warning is triggered. Compared to the traditional method of marking the 2-meter node as "abnormally low temperature" and discarding the data, this mechanism accurately preserves the spatiotemporal evolution information of the phase transition interface.

[0060] As shown in FIG. 1, Figure 5 In one embodiment, S5 is further included:

[0061] If the difference degree exceeds the preset threshold, the specified depth range corresponding to the difference degree is obtained, the second current ground temperature data of each observation node on the jth observation casing except for the observation nodes located in the specified depth range at the current time is obtained, and the second observation result is obtained according to the plurality of second current ground temperature data of the jth observation casing.

[0062] In this embodiment, it should be noted that in S5, the local data reconstruction mechanism is started for the observation casing (No. j) where the abnormal gradient is detected, and the core goal is to minimize the loss of effective data and maintain the continuity of key layer monitoring. When the difference degree calculated in S3 exceeds the threshold (e.g., the temperature gradient of a specific depth interval deviates significantly from the adjacent pipe), the failure depth range boundary is determined according to the depth of the adjacent nodes corresponding to the difference degree (e.g., the depth interval of nodes i and i+1), and then the real-time data of all nodes in this interval is actively shielded (to avoid drift value pollution analysis). However, unlike the traditional whole-casing discard strategy, the real-time readings (second current ground temperature data) of the remaining non-failed depth nodes of the casing are retained, and a partially continuous depth-temperature sequence is constructed based on these residual nodes.

[0063] Further, for example, assuming that the jth casing is squeezed due to icing and causes 3 meters of node data drift, S3 detects that the difference degree of the 2.5-3.5 meter depth interval exceeds the threshold. The interval nodes (such as nodes 5 to 7) are automatically excluded, and only the real-time temperatures of the nodes at 0-2 meters and below 4 meters are collected. If the health node sequence shows that the temperature at 0-2 meters remains stable and low, and the 4-meter node suddenly rises to a positive temperature, it can be inferred that the freeze-thaw interface is located between 3-4 meters. Combined with the temperature distribution model of the adjacent casing at 3 meters, the temperature gradient characteristics of the missing horizon are reconstructed by spatial interpolation, and finally a complete frozen soil thermal state evolution report is output.

[0064] A frozen soil area remote pipe geothermal observation system is also provided, and the system comprises:

[0065] An observation acquisition module is configured to acquire a plurality of observation casings vertically arranged in a frozen soil area underground and distributed along an array, and acquire observation nodes uniformly arranged on the observation casings from top to bottom;

[0066] A data acquisition module is configured to acquire a previous observation period before a current time point as a to-be-processed period, and acquire average temperatures of the observation nodes on each observation casing in the to-be-processed period and sequentially arrange the average temperatures in a descending order to form an average temperature observation sequence of each observation casing;

[0067] An observation analysis module is configured to acquire a plurality of first temperature differences according to the average temperature observation sequence of the jth observation casing, acquire a plurality of second temperature differences according to the average temperature observation sequences of the observation casings adjacent to the jth observation casing, and acquire a plurality of difference degrees according to the first temperature differences and the second temperature differences;

[0068] A first result acquisition module is configured to acquire current geothermal data of the observation nodes on the jth observation casing at the current time point when there is no difference degree exceeding a preset threshold, and acquire an observation result according to the plurality of current geothermal data of the jth observation casing.

[0069] In an embodiment, the observation analysis module is further configured to: acquire an i+1th average temperature and an ith average temperature from the average temperature observation sequence of the jth observation casing; and acquire an ith first temperature difference according to the i+1th average temperature and the ith average temperature in the average temperature observation sequence of the jth observation casing.

[0070] In an embodiment, the observation analysis module is further configured to: acquire an i+1th average temperature and an ith average temperature from the average temperature observation sequence of the observation casing adjacent to the jth observation casing; and acquire an ith second temperature difference according to the i+1th average temperature and the ith average temperature in the average temperature observation sequence of the observation casing adjacent to the jth observation casing.

[0071] In one embodiment, the system further comprises a second result obtaining module, configured to, when the difference exceeds the preset threshold, obtain a specified depth range corresponding to the difference, and obtain second current geothermal data of each observation node on the jth observation casing except for the observation nodes located in the specified depth range at the current time, and obtain a second observation result according to the plurality of second current geothermal data of the jth observation casing.

[0072] In the embodiment, it should be noted that the specific manner of performing the operation of the permafrost zone remote pipe type geothermal observation system has been described in detail in the embodiment of the permafrost zone remote pipe type geothermal observation method, and will not be described in detail here.

[0073] The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail above in combination with the drawings, but the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present disclosure within the technical concept of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0074] In addition, it should be noted that the combination of one or more letters in "A, B, C, D, and E" described in the above specific embodiments can represent different plant names or varieties, and the same combination of letters in different embodiments can represent different plant names or varieties.

[0075] In addition, it should be noted that each specific technical feature described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present disclosure will not further describe various possible combinations.

[0076] In addition, various different embodiments of the present disclosure can also be combined in any manner, as long as they do not deviate from the idea of the present disclosure, and they should also be considered as disclosed by the present disclosure.

[0077] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalently replace some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and they should all be covered in the scope of the claims and the specification of the present application.

Claims

1. A remote pipe-type ground temperature observation method in a frozen earth region, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: obtaining a plurality of observation casings vertically arranged underground in a permafrost region and distributed along an array, and obtaining observation nodes uniformly arranged in sequence from top to bottom on the observation casings; obtaining an observation period before a current observation period as a to-be-processed period, and obtaining average temperatures of the observation nodes on the observation casings in the to-be-processed period and arranging the average temperatures in sequence from top to bottom to form an average temperature observation sequence of each observation casing; obtaining a plurality of first temperature differences according to the average temperature observation sequence of the jth observation casing, obtaining a plurality of second temperature differences according to the average temperature observation sequence of the observation casing adjacent to the jth observation casing, and obtaining a plurality of differences according to the first temperature differences and the second temperature differences; if there is no difference exceeding a preset threshold, obtaining first current ground temperature data of the observation nodes on the jth observation casing at the current time, and obtaining a first observation result according to the plurality of first current ground temperature data of the jth observation casing; if there is a difference exceeding the preset threshold, obtaining a specified depth range corresponding to the difference, obtaining second current ground temperature data of the observation nodes on the jth observation casing located in the specified depth range at the current time, and obtaining a second observation result according to the plurality of second current ground temperature data of the jth observation casing.

2. The remote pipe-type ground temperature observation method in a permafrost region according to claim 1, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: obtaining the i+1th average temperature and the ith average temperature from the average temperature observation sequence of the jth observation casing; obtaining the ith first temperature difference according to the i+1th average temperature and the ith average temperature in the average temperature observation sequence of the jth observation casing.

3. The remote pipe-type ground temperature observation method in a permafrost region according to claim 2, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: obtaining the i+1th average temperature and the ith average temperature from the average temperature observation sequence of the observation casing adjacent to the jth observation casing; obtaining the ith second temperature difference according to the i+1th average temperature and the ith average temperature in the average temperature observation sequence of the observation casing adjacent to the jth observation casing.

4. The remote pipe-type ground temperature observation method in a permafrost region according to claim 3, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: obtaining the ith difference according to the ith first temperature difference and the ith second temperature difference.

5. The remote pipe-type ground temperature observation method in a permafrost region according to claim 1, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: arranging the plurality of first current ground temperature data of the jth observation casing in sequence from top to bottom to form a current ground temperature sequence; identifying a continuous increasing or decreasing trend of temperature with depth according to the current ground temperature sequence of the jth observation casing, determining a core feature of a permafrost thermal stability state of the jth observation casing according to the trend, and taking the core feature as the first observation result.

6. A remote pipe geothermal observation system in a frozen earth region, characterized by, The remote tubular ground temperature observation system of the permafrost region comprises: an observation obtaining module, configured to obtain a plurality of observation casings vertically arranged underground in a permafrost region and distributed along an array, and obtain observation nodes uniformly arranged in sequence from top to bottom on the observation casings; The data acquisition module is configured to acquire a previous observation period before a current observation period as a to-be-processed period, and acquire average temperatures of observation nodes on each observation casing in the to-be-processed period and arrange the average temperatures in a descending order to form an average temperature observation sequence of each observation casing. The observation analysis module is configured to acquire a plurality of first temperature differences according to the average temperature observation sequence of the jth observation casing, acquire a plurality of second temperature differences according to the average temperature observation sequence of the observation casing adjacent to the jth observation casing, and acquire a plurality of differences according to the first temperature differences and the second temperature differences. The first result acquisition module is configured to acquire current geothermal data of the observation nodes on the jth observation casing at the current time when there is no difference exceeding the preset threshold, and acquire an observation result according to the plurality of current geothermal data of the jth observation casing. The second result acquisition module is configured to acquire a specified depth range corresponding to the difference when there is a difference exceeding the preset threshold, acquire second current geothermal data of the observation nodes on the jth observation casing except for the observation nodes in the specified depth range at the current time, and acquire a second observation result according to the plurality of second current geothermal data of the jth observation casing.

7. The permafrost zone telemetered pipe geothermal observatory system of claim 6, wherein, The observation analysis module is further configured to: acquire an i+1th average temperature and an ith average temperature from the average temperature observation sequence of the jth observation casing. acquire an ith first temperature difference according to the i+1th average temperature and the ith average temperature from the average temperature observation sequence of the jth observation casing.

8. The permafrost zone telemetered pipe geothermal observatory system of claim 6, wherein, The observation analysis module is further configured to: acquire an i+1th average temperature and an ith average temperature from the average temperature observation sequence of the observation casing adjacent to the jth observation casing. acquire an ith second temperature difference according to the i+1th average temperature and the ith average temperature from the average temperature observation sequence of the observation casing adjacent to the jth observation casing.

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