Smart ring

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of smart wearable technology, and particularly to a smart ring. The smart ring includes a housing and an antenna module. The housing includes an outer shell and an insulating inner shell, which are connected and enclose to form a receiving cavity. The antenna module includes an antenna, a circuit board, and conductor terminals that are electrically connected. The antenna, circuit board, and conductor terminals are located within the receiving cavity. The conductor terminals have exposed ends that protrude and expose the insulating inner shell. The exposed ends of the conductor terminals are configured to abut against a human finger. The main objective of this invention is to provide a smart ring that improves signal transmission capabilities.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of smart wearable technology, and in particular to a smart ring. Background Technology

[0002] The functionality of a smart ring heavily relies on its built-in antenna system. This component, as the core carrier of wireless communication, undertakes crucial data transmission tasks. The antenna establishes a two-way connection with terminals such as mobile phones and tablets via Bluetooth or Bluetooth Low Energy protocols, supporting real-time message synchronization, health data transmission, and remote control operations. It also handles the radio frequency signal interaction for near-field communication, enabling contactless payment and access control simulation. For rings with positioning capabilities, the antenna also needs to acquire and transmit spatial coordinate information. Antenna performance directly affects the device's communication stability and user experience, serving as the technological cornerstone of product reliability.

[0003] Through long-term technical research and market surveys, the applicant discovered that current mainstream smart ring products exhibit a significant common feature in their structural design—they generally use metal as the main body of the casing. This design choice stems from the combined advantages of metal in terms of texture, durability, and wearing comfort, and also aligns with the consumer electronics industry's pursuit of industrial aesthetics. However, there is an irreconcilable technical contradiction between the metal casing and the built-in antenna: as a good conductor, metal naturally shields the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna, creating the Faraday cage effect in physics. When electromagnetic waves are in a closed or semi-closed metal environment, their propagation path is severely blocked, leading to a significant attenuation of signal radiation efficiency, and even communication interruptions.

[0004] To overcome this challenge, existing technologies typically incorporate specific breakpoints in the metal casing. These breakpoints are achieved by reserving non-metallic gaps on the metal casing (e.g., using plastic connectors, oxide insulating layers, etc.), thus disrupting the overall conductivity of the casing and mitigating the Faraday cage effect to some extent. The core logic is to create a non-enclosed metal structure, opening a radiation path for electromagnetic waves to avoid signal shielding issues caused by full metal enclosure, thereby ensuring the antenna's basic communication functions.

[0005] However, further research by the applicant revealed that the breakpoint setting only addresses the electromagnetic shielding issue of the metal casing and cannot eliminate the absorption interference of electromagnetic waves by the fingers. When the smart ring is worn, the fingers, as human tissue, contain water, electrolytes, and other components that significantly absorb and attenuate the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna, thereby reducing the antenna's original power gain. Therefore, the applicant believes that breaking the metal casing can only ensure the antenna's transmission capability and cannot improve the antenna's original power gain.

[0006] The applicant proposed this invention based on the above research background. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The main objective of this invention is to provide a smart ring designed to improve signal transmission capabilities.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the smart ring includes:

[0009] The housing includes an outer shell and an insulating inner shell, the outer shell and the insulating inner shell being connected and enclosing a receiving cavity; and

[0010] An antenna module includes an antenna in an electrically connected state, a circuit board, and conductor terminals. The antenna, the circuit board, and the conductor terminals are located in the receiving cavity. The conductor terminals have exposed ends that protrude and expose the insulating inner shell.

[0011] The exposed end of the conductor terminal is configured to abut against a human finger.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, a conductive dielectric layer is provided between the outer shell and the circuit board, and the outer shell is a conductor shell.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the end face of the conductor terminal facing the conductor shell abuts against the conductive dielectric layer.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the end face of the conductor terminal facing the conductor shell is provided with a protrusion, the circuit board has a through hole, and the protrusion is inserted into the through hole to abut against the conductive dielectric layer.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the area of ​​the conductor terminal on the end face facing the conductor housing and close to the protrusion is defined as a first region, and the area of ​​the circuit board close to the through hole is defined as a second region, and the first region is soldered to the second region.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the circuit board is further provided with a radiation enhancement element, the radiation enhancement element being located at the end of the circuit board away from the conductor terminal;

[0017] The potential of the radiation enhancement component is the low potential of the smart ring.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present invention, the distance between the conductor terminal and the radiation enhancement element is defined as D1, where 15.00mm≤D1≤20.00mm.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present invention, the circuit board is provided with a clearance area, which surrounds the outer edge of the conductor terminal.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present invention, the clearance area is arranged in a ring shape, and the ring width of the clearance area is SA, where SA ≥ 1.00 mm.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present invention, the distance between the end face of the exposed end and the tangent of the insulating inner shell is defined as D2, where 0.10mm≤D2≤0.30mm;

[0022] The exposed end has a rounded corner portion, the diameter of which is R, where R > D2.

[0023] In this technical solution, the housing cavity provides a mounting base for the antenna module, ensuring that components such as the antenna, circuit board, and conductor terminals can be placed in an orderly manner and protected. The insulating properties of the inner shell prevent short circuits in the internal circuitry of the smart ring caused by external conductive media passing through it. When the smart ring is worn, the human finger can contact the exposed end of the conductor terminal. At this time, the "finger-conductor terminal-antenna" forms a signal transmission link. When the smart ring transmits signals, the current generated by the circuit board can pass through the human finger. In this case, the human finger can act as part of the entire antenna system. Even though the finger still absorbs electromagnetic waves, through the connection of the conductor terminal, the human finger can act as an extended radiator of the antenna, effectively increasing the antenna's radiation capacity. The signal radiating area is considered. Therefore, increasing the signal radiating area means increasing the effective aperture (Ae) and the antenna's "caliber." For the former, according to the relationship between antenna gain and effective aperture, increasing the effective aperture directly leads to increased gain. Higher gain means the antenna can more effectively concentrate energy in the desired direction, collecting more incident electromagnetic wave energy during reception. For the latter, increasing the radiating area usually significantly improves the antenna's directivity, focusing its energy more precisely within a specific angular range. Thus, by actively including a human finger in the antenna's radiation, the gain reduction caused by the finger absorbing electromagnetic waves can be indirectly offset, while significantly improving the antenna's directivity, thereby enhancing the smart ring's signal transmission capability. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of an embodiment of the smart ring provided by the present invention along the axial direction;

[0026] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the smart ring provided by the present invention in the wearing state;

[0027] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the conductor terminal and the radiation enhancement element in one embodiment of the smart ring provided by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the clearance area of ​​the smart ring provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a magnified view of a partial structure of the smart ring provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a comparative radiation efficiency curve of the antenna;

[0031] Figure 7 Radiation efficiency curve of the radiation enhancement component provided by the present invention at the first position of the smart ring;

[0032] Figure 8 The radiation efficiency curve of the radiation enhancement component provided by the present invention at the second position of the smart ring.

[0033] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0034] 100. Smart ring; 10. Housing; 10a. Receiving cavity; 11. Outer shell; 12. Insulating inner shell; 20. Antenna module; 21. Circuit board; 21a. Through hole; 21b. Clear area; 22. Conductor terminal; 221. Protrusion; 30. Conductive dielectric layer; 40. Radiation enhancement component.

[0035] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0038] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" in this invention is for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the meaning of "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions; for example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of a person skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0039] During their in-depth research into the antenna technology of smart rings, the applicant discovered that the device often rotates relative to the finger when worn. This problem stems from two factors: First, the user's daily physical activities (such as clenching a fist, waving the hand, grasping objects, etc.) generate continuous mechanical forces, causing the ring to passively slide or rotate on the finger, especially when the finger joints are active, this displacement is more obvious; Second, the user may actively rotate the ring in specific scenarios (such as unconsciously rubbing the fingers when emotionally nervous, adjusting the wearing position when feeling embarrassed, etc.), forming a conscious positional adjustment.

[0040] During the product design phase of a smart ring, developers typically use precise simulation testing and prototype verification to pre-determine the optimal installation position of the antenna inside the ring and design corresponding structural markings (such as raised textures, specially shaped shells, etc.) to guide users on proper wearing. The core objective is to ensure that when the ring is worn in a standard position, the antenna maintains a predetermined spatial relationship with the finger—for example, ensuring the radiation direction avoids areas of dense finger muscle and that the antenna polarization direction forms the optimal coupling angle with the communication terminal (such as a mobile phone), thereby maintaining signal transmission capability at an optimal level or within a stable range.

[0041] However, when the smart ring rotates relative to the finger, the carefully designed balance is disrupted. On one hand, the antenna deviates from its optimal position, and its radiation path may pass directly through the finger bones or soft tissue, leading to excessive absorption of electromagnetic waves and significantly reducing antenna gain (i.e., the efficiency of signal transmission and reception). On the other hand, rotation alters the antenna's spatial orientation relative to the finger (such as tilt angle and direction), disrupting its pre-defined directional characteristics. For example, an antenna that originally radiates in a directional manner may now transmit signals towards the inside of the finger, or form an unfavorable polarization angle with the communication terminal, further weakening the directional transmission capability of the signal. The combined effect of these two aspects directly leads to a decrease in the stability of the communication link between the smart ring and the terminal device, specifically manifested as increased data transmission latency, frequent connection interruptions, and increased errors in health monitoring data collection, severely impacting the user experience.

[0042] Based on this, this application proposes a smart ring 100, please refer to... Figure 1 The smart ring 100 includes a housing 10 and an antenna module 20. The housing 10 includes an outer shell 11 and an insulating inner shell 12, which are connected and enclose to form a receiving cavity 10a. The antenna module 20 includes an antenna in an electrically connected state, a circuit board 21, and a conductor terminal 22. The antenna, circuit board 21, and conductor terminal 22 are located in the receiving cavity 10a. The conductor terminal 22 has an exposed end, which protrudes and exposes the insulating inner shell 12. The exposed end of the conductor terminal 22 is configured to abut against a human finger.

[0043] In one embodiment, the insulating inner shell 12 is made of silicone. When the smart ring 100 is worn, the skin of the finger contacts the silicone insulating inner shell 12, and the insulating inner shell 12 can undergo a certain degree of compression deformation, thereby improving the feeling of wrapping the finger. Furthermore, the insulating inner shell 12 is made of transparent silicone. In this way, when the smart ring 100 has a photoplethysmography (PPG) acquisition module, the red light, infrared light, green light, and other light emitted by the PPG acquisition module can pass smoothly through the insulating inner shell 12 and enter the tissues at different depths inside the finger to obtain different physiological characteristic information. Alternatively, the insulating inner shell 12 can be made of a rigid material, and a transparent structure such as glass can be set in the corresponding light-emitting module to achieve the corresponding function.

[0044] After the outer shell 11 and the insulating inner shell 12 are assembled, they form a receiving cavity 10a. The receiving cavity 10a is in the shape of a ring. The circuit board 21, antenna and other structures in the antenna module 20, as well as other basic functional components of the smart ring 100 such as the battery, are arranged in the receiving cavity 10a along the circumference. In this way, the space of the receiving cavity 10a can be fully utilized, and the heat generated by the concentrated placement of various components can be avoided, thus avoiding the burning sensation on the fingers when wearing the smart ring 100. After the antenna module is assembled with the shell 10, there is an electrical connection between the antenna, the circuit board 21 and the conductor terminal 22. When the smart ring 100 is worn, the user's skin can contact the exposed end of the conductor terminal 22. Because the fingers contain water, electrolytes and other components, the fingers are a natural conductor structure. When transmitting signals, the fingers and the antenna module 20 form an integrated radiation system, which is equivalent to including the human body in the radiation structure of the antenna, thus making up for the problem of insufficient radiation efficiency caused by the small size of traditional antennas. Simultaneously, the ionic charges in the finger's soft tissue undergo directional movement under the stimulation of the electromagnetic field, forming a biocurrent layer on the subcutaneous surface. While finger tissue normally absorbs electromagnetic energy, through the connection of conductor terminals 22, the human finger actively becomes part of the antenna radiation, enhancing the radiation range and intensity of the electromagnetic signal, thereby improving problems such as short signal transmission distance and poor stability. This design fully utilizes the human body's conditions during wear, achieving improved antenna performance within a limited space. Furthermore, a protective circuit is incorporated into the circuit board 21 to effectively prevent short circuits caused by conductor terminals 22.

[0045] In this technical solution, the receiving cavity 10a of the housing 10 provides an installation base for the antenna module 20, ensuring that components such as the antenna, circuit board 21, and conductor terminal 22 can be placed in an orderly manner and protected. The insulating properties of the insulating inner shell 12 can prevent the external conductor medium from passing through the insulating inner shell 12 and causing a short circuit in the internal circuit of the smart ring 100. When the smart ring 100 is worn, the human finger can touch the exposed end of the conductor terminal 22. At this time, the "finger-conductor terminal 22-antenna" constitutes a signal transmission link. When the smart ring 100 transmits signals, the current generated by the circuit board 21 can pass through the human finger. At this time, the human finger can act as part of the entire antenna system. Even though the finger still absorbs electromagnetic waves, through the connection of the conductor terminal 22, the human finger can act as an amplifier of the antenna. The increased radiating area effectively increases the signal radiation area of ​​the smart ring 100. This increased radiating area translates to an increase in both the effective aperture (Ae) and the antenna's "caliber." Regarding the former, based on the relationship between antenna gain and effective aperture, increasing the effective aperture directly leads to increased gain. Higher gain means the antenna can more effectively concentrate energy in the desired direction, collecting more incident electromagnetic wave energy during reception. Regarding the latter, increasing the radiating area typically significantly improves the antenna's directivity, focusing its energy more precisely within a specific angular range. Thus, by actively incorporating a human finger into the antenna's radiation, the gain reduction caused by the finger's absorption of electromagnetic waves is indirectly offset, while simultaneously significantly improving the antenna's directivity, thereby enhancing the smart ring 100's signal transmission capability.

[0046] The core innovation of this invention lies in incorporating the finger into the antenna system of the smart ring 100, making it an indispensable output and receiving end in the antenna's signal transmission link. This design concept fundamentally changes the traditional antagonistic relationship between antennas and human tissue—during signal transmission, regardless of the position or posture of the antenna inside the smart ring 100 relative to the finger, the finger, as an organic component of the transmission link, can work synergistically with the antenna, thus avoiding signal interference problems at the source.

[0047] In contrast, the antenna design of the existing smart ring 100 does not take the fingers into account, leading to a serious challenge to signal stability after rotation: when the ring rotates to the point where the antenna is between two adjacent fingers, the two fingers together form a wrapping cover around the antenna. Because human tissue contains a large amount of electrolytes that give it a certain degree of conductivity, this wrapping state indirectly forms a Faraday cage, completely surrounding the antenna in a conductive environment, thus strongly shielding the electromagnetic signal and causing signal transmission interruption or significant attenuation.

[0048] In this invention, thanks to the design of fingers as both the output and receiving ends of the transmission link, the aforementioned problems are completely solved: regardless of whether the antenna inside the smart ring 100 is covered by fingers, or even in the extreme case where the antenna is wrapped by multiple fingers, the fingers can act as the "guide" and "transmitter" of the signal, ensuring that the signal transmitted by the antenna can be output efficiently, while external signals can also be received stably. This design breaks the dependence of traditional antennas on wearing position and posture. Even when the smart ring 100 rotates or the antenna is covered by fingers, it can still maintain stable signal transmission capability, fundamentally solving the communication instability problem caused by positional displacement or limb obstruction in existing technologies.

[0049] Further, please refer to Figure 2 A conductive dielectric layer 30 is provided between the outer shell 11 and the circuit board 21. The outer shell 11 is a conductive shell, which is made of a metal compound composed of different metal materials, thus possessing conductivity. As can be seen from the principle of the above embodiment, when the conductive terminal 22 of the smart ring 100 comes into contact with the finger, the finger has become an integral part of the entire antenna system and participates in signal transmission. At this time, the conductive shell does not completely cover the finger, and its structural design retains a spatial channel for signal radiation and reception. This feature ensures that even though the outer shell 11 is a conductive structure, it will not form a closed electromagnetic shielding environment, thus fundamentally avoiding the Faraday cage effect on the antenna system of the smart ring 100. At the same time, because the conductive shell does not produce the Faraday cage effect on the antenna, there is no need to set a breakpoint structure on the conductive shell, effectively reducing the processing difficulty of the conductive shell and eliminating the need for sealing the breakpoint structure.

[0050] Building upon this, once the conductor shell is connected to the circuit board 21 via the conductive dielectric layer 30, thus forming a stable electrical connection with the antenna, a significant performance gain occurs: the conductor shell acts as an extension of the antenna system, forming an additional signal transmission link—"antenna-conductive dielectric layer 30-conductor shell"—together with the original structure. This link works synergistically with the main link involving the finger, not only broadening the signal transmission path selection but also expanding the signal coverage area through the spatial distribution of the conductor shell. For example, in complex electromagnetic environments, when the main link is interfered with, the secondary link can serve as a supplementary channel to maintain communication; simultaneously, the metallic properties of the conductor shell enhance the directional radiation capability of the signal and reduce energy loss during transmission. Through this multi-link collaborative design, the signal transmission efficiency and stability of the smart ring 100 are significantly improved, enabling it to better cope with complex scenarios such as limb obstruction and environmental interference.

[0051] Further, please refer to Figure 2The end face of the conductor terminal 22 facing the conductor shell abuts against the conductive dielectric layer 30. The direct contact between the end face of the conductor terminal 22 and the conductive dielectric layer 30 creates a zero-gap, low-impedance path from the circuit board 21 to the conductor shell. This structure forces the antenna current to diffuse efficiently to the surface of the conductor shell through the contact anchor point, converting it into a cooperative radiator to expand the equivalent electrical size and significantly improve the radiation aperture. At the same time, this contact point eliminates the parasitic capacitance of the traditional suspended shell 11, suppresses the near-field leakage of high-frequency energy to the finger tissue, reduces biological absorption loss, and guides the current of the shell 11 to form a specific phase distribution by precisely controlling the position of the contact point, generating an omnidirectional radiation lobe in the finger axis to cancel the blind spot. Finally, it maintains stable common-mode coupling under mechanical vibration scenarios, making the conductor shell a distributed vibrator of the antenna system, thereby improving radiation efficiency and multi-band operation capability.

[0052] Please see Figure 2 To improve the positioning accuracy between the conductor terminal 22 and the circuit board 21 and to achieve positional fixation during the soldering process, the conductor terminal 22 has a protrusion 221 on its end face facing the conductor shell. The circuit board 21 has a through hole 21a, and the protrusion 221 is inserted into the through hole 21a to abut against the conductive dielectric layer 30. It should be noted that, for the purpose of illustrating the through hole 21a, the protrusion 221 does not abut against the conductive dielectric layer 30. The protrusion 221 on the end face of the conductor terminal 22 facing the conductor shell is precisely inserted into the circuit board 21. In the pre-set via hole 21a, the conductor terminal 22 and the circuit board 21 are welded and positioned by a mechanical interlocking structure. During the welding process, the cooperation between the protrusion 221 and the via hole 21a resists the surface tension drift of the molten solder, ensuring that the conductive dielectric layer 30 and the end face of the conductor terminal 22 maintain full-area contact, thereby eliminating contact impedance fluctuations caused by assembly misalignment. This ensures that there is no offset between the conductor terminal 22 and the circuit board 21 during the welding process, the contact impedance is stable and the connection is reliable, providing a solid foundation for the "finger-conductor terminal 22-antenna" signal link and the coordinated radiation of the conductor shell.

[0053] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 2The first region is defined as the area of ​​the conductor terminal facing the conductor shell and near the protrusion, and the second region is defined as the area of ​​the circuit board near the through hole. The first region is soldered to the second region. In this way, the connection between the conductor terminal 22 and the circuit board 21 is strengthened by soldering. The soldered area formed by the first and second regions is the outer periphery of the protrusion 221 and the through hole 21a. This location selection ensures the firmness of the connection without interfering with the contact between the protrusion 221 and the conductive dielectric layer 30. The soldering process can form a stable mechanical and electrical connection. Compared with other connection methods, soldering can avoid the problem of excessive contact resistance and ensure low-loss current transmission between the conductor terminal 22 and the circuit board 21. During the use of the smart ring 100, it will experience various actions and environmental changes. The soldered connection can withstand the effects of these external forces and temperature changes, preventing the conductor terminal 22 and the circuit board 21 from loosening or breaking, and ensuring the stable electrical performance of the entire antenna module 20.

[0054] In one embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 The circuit board 21 also includes a radiation enhancement element 40, located at the end of the circuit board 21 furthest from the conductor terminal 22. The radiation enhancement element 40 has a low potential relative to the smart ring 100. Thus, the low-potential radiation enhancement element 40 can act as a reference ground or reflector. When the antenna emits electromagnetic signals, it can reflect some of the electromagnetic energy that would otherwise be absorbed by the internal structure of the ring, reducing energy loss and simultaneously enhancing the signal strength radiated into the external space. When the smart ring 100 is worn, the human body and conductor terminal 22 form a conductive loop. A potential difference is created between the low potential of the radiation enhancement element 40, the potential of the human body, and the high potential of the antenna. This potential difference promotes more efficient radiation of electromagnetic energy into space, rather than excessive absorption by the finger tissue. Simultaneously, the radiation enhancement element 40, as a low-potential grounding parasitic unit, effectively extends the system's ground plane, significantly shortening the high-frequency return path of the human monopole antenna, suppressing radiation efficiency attenuation caused by sudden changes in ground current impedance, and fundamentally solving the problem of insufficient ground plane in miniaturized devices.

[0055] Further, please refer to Figure 3The distance between the conductor terminal 22 and the radiation enhancer 40 is defined as D1, where 15.00mm ≤ D1 ≤ 20.00mm. Within this distance range, when the smart ring 100 is worn, the conductor terminal 22 and the radiation enhancer 40 are located on either side of the finger in the vertical direction, with the back of the finger as the dividing line. The conductor terminal 22 is above the back of the finger, and the radiation enhancer 40 is below the back of the finger, forming a spatially separated layout of the high-potential signal terminal and the low-potential ground terminal. Simultaneously, the width of the bone at the tip of each finger is slightly greater than the width in the middle. Therefore, each finger at the metacarpophalangeal joint and the finger... The width of the interphalangeal joint is slightly larger than the width of other parts of the finger, especially for fingers other than the thumb. These non-thumb fingers have proximal and distal interphalangeal joints, and the width of the proximal interphalangeal joint is visibly larger than that of other areas of the finger. This arrangement of the conductor terminal 22 prevents it from aligning with the proximal interphalangeal joint when the smart ring 100 passes through the finger, reducing the user's discomfort. Simultaneously, the conductor terminal 22 and the radiation enhancer 40 are located on opposite sides of the finger in the vertical direction, preventing the fingertip from obstructing the transmitted signal and improving the signal transmission capability of the smart ring 100. When the smart ring 100 is worn, the conductor terminal 22 contacts the skin on the back of the finger as an input point, and the radiation enhancer 40 is close to the fingertip to form a ground reference. Together, they generate a vertically oriented electric field in the human tissue. This design transforms the conductivity and dielectric properties of the finger's soft tissue into an electromagnetic synergistic gain medium, enhancing the radio frequency signal radiation efficiency through axial conduction of the biocurrent layer. Finger tissue, acting as a natural dielectric resonator, optimizes radiation efficiency in a specific frequency band, while the directional constraint of the shallow electric field reduces deep energy absorption loss; at the same time, within this distance range, current loss from conductor terminal 22 to radiation enhancement element 40 can be reduced.

[0056] In one embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 4 The circuit board 21 has a clearance area 21b, which surrounds the outer edge of the conductor terminal 22. This clearance area physically isolates the circuitry on the circuit board 21 from interference with the high-frequency signals of the conductor terminal 22, ensuring that the biocurrent layer generated when the conductor terminal 22 comes into contact with a finger is unaffected by stray capacitance and guaranteeing the purity of the "finger-conductor terminal 22-antenna" link signal. Simultaneously, the clearance area 21b forces the electromagnetic field to be efficiently focused along the back conductor terminal 22 to the ventral radiation enhancer 40, preventing horizontal energy dissipation. Furthermore, the clearance area 21b, in conjunction with the annular heat dissipation layout, overcomes the antenna efficiency limits of micro wearable devices without requiring additional space.

[0057] Further, please refer to Figure 4The clearance area 21b is arranged in a ring shape with a ring width of SA, where SA ≥ 1.00 mm. This ring width of more than 1 mm forms a strong electromagnetic isolation zone around the conductor terminal 22, blocking the parasitic capacitance between the conductor terminal 22 and the surrounding circuit, and ensuring the purity of the bio-current signal. The ring-shaped clearance area 21b forces the electromagnetic field excited by the conductor terminal 22 to radiate directionally towards the radiation enhancer 40, suppressing horizontal energy diffusion and improving the transmission efficiency of the current path between the conductor terminal 22 and the radiation enhancer 40. At the same time, the clearance area 21b can also act as a thermal isolation zone to disperse the Joule heat generated when the conductor terminal 22 is working, avoiding the risk of heat accumulation in the micro-enclosed space.

[0058] In one embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 5 The distance between the exposed end face and the tangent of the insulating inner shell 12 is defined as D2, where 0.10mm≤D2≤0.30mm. The lower limit of the protrusion of 0.10mm ensures that the conductor terminal 22 reliably contacts the stratum corneum of the skin and forms a low-resistance path by breaking through the sweat film. At the same time, the upper limit of the protrusion of 0.30mm avoids excessive local pressure caused by excessive protrusion of the conductor terminal 22, thus eliminating the feeling of foreign body when wearing it.

[0059] Furthermore, the exposed end has a rounded corner with a diameter of R, where R > D2. Thus, the protrusion distance constraint and the rounded corner size constraint of the exposed end can ensure contact between the finger and the conductor terminal 22, reducing the impact of the protrusion on wearing comfort during wear.

[0060] For a more compelling demonstration of the powerful effects of this invention, please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 6 to 8 , Figure 6 The graph shows the radiation efficiency of the antenna, i.e., the radiation efficiency of the smart ring when it is equipped with only an onboard antenna. Figure 7 and Figure 8 The figures show the radiation efficiency curves of the radiation enhancement component provided by the present invention at the first and second positions of the smart ring, based on the presence of conductor terminals. Figure 7 The corresponding radiation enhancement components compared to Figure 8 The corresponding radiation enhancement component is positioned close to the conductor terminal. Figures 6 to 8 The horizontal axis represents frequency (2.40-2.49GHz, which is a commonly used wireless communication frequency band, such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi), and the vertical axis is the dB value of efficiency. The curve represents how "Efficiency" changes with frequency, and the core is to reflect the radiation efficiency performance of the antenna in the 2.4GHz frequency band.

[0061] pass Figures 6 to 8It can be seen that when the smart ring does not have a radiation enhancement component and a conductor terminal, the average efficiency of the antenna is -21.7dB; when the smart ring has a radiation enhancement component and a conductor terminal in the first position, the average efficiency of the antenna is -18.4dB; and when the smart ring has a radiation enhancement component and a conductor terminal in the second position, the average efficiency of the antenna is -17.4dB.

[0062] Meanwhile, radiation efficiency refers to the ratio of the power radiated by the antenna (i.e., the power that is effectively converted into electromagnetic waves) to the active power input to the antenna, and it is a value that is always less than 1. Taking the logarithm of the efficiency ratio yields a dB value. A negative dB value means that the smaller the negative dB value, the higher the antenna's radiation efficiency and the stronger its radiation capability.

[0063] Therefore, it can be seen that the radiation efficiency of smart rings equipped with radiation enhancement components and conductor terminals is much higher in the 2.40-2.49GHz range than that of smart rings without radiation enhancement components and conductor terminals.

[0064] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the patent. Any equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the specification and drawings of the present invention under the inventive concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart ring, characterized in that, The smart ring includes: A housing (10), comprising an outer shell (11) and an insulating inner shell (12), the outer shell (11) and the insulating inner shell (12) being connected and enclosing to form a receiving cavity (10a); and Antenna module (20) includes an antenna in an electrically connected state, a circuit board (21) and a conductor terminal (22), the antenna, the circuit board (21) and the conductor terminal (22) are located in the receiving cavity (10a), the conductor terminal (22) has an exposed end, the exposed end of the conductor terminal (22) protrudes and exposes the insulating inner shell; The exposed end of the conductor terminal (22) is configured to abut against a human finger; The circuit board (21) is also provided with a radiation enhancement element (40), which is located at the end of the circuit board (21) away from the conductor terminal (22); The potential of the radiation enhancement component (40) is the low potential of the smart ring; The distance between the conductor terminal (22) and the radiation enhancement element (40) is defined as D1, where 15.00mm ≤ D1 ≤ 20.00mm; The circuit board (21) has a clearance area (21b) that surrounds the outer edge of the conductor terminal (22); The clearance area (21b) is arranged in a ring shape, and the ring width of the clearance area is SA, SA≥1.00mm; The smart ring has a wearing state, in which the conductor terminal (22) and the radiation enhancement element (40) are configured to improve the signal transmission capability of the smart ring; A conductive dielectric layer (30) is provided between the outer casing and the circuit board (21), and the outer casing is a conductor casing; The end face of the conductor terminal (22) facing the conductor shell abuts against the conductive dielectric layer (30). In the wearing state of the smart ring, the conductor terminal (22) is configured to inject radio frequency current into the finger, which serves as an extended radiator of the antenna system; the radiation enhancement element (40) serves as a low potential reference point and works in conjunction with the conductor terminal (22) to excite and form a directionally enhanced electric field distribution in the finger tissue; the conductor shell is electrically connected to the conductor terminal (22) through the conductive dielectric layer (30) to form a cooperative radiator to expand the radiation aperture.

2. The smart ring as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The conductor terminal (22) has a protrusion (221) on the end face facing the conductor shell, and the circuit board (21) has a through hole (21a). The protrusion (221) is inserted into the through hole (21a) to abut against the conductive dielectric layer (30).

3. The smart ring as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The area of ​​the conductor terminal (22) facing the conductor housing and close to the protrusion (221) is defined as the first area, and the area of ​​the circuit board (21) close to the through hole (21a) is defined as the second area, and the first area is soldered to the second area.

4. The smart ring as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between the end face of the exposed end and the tangent of the insulating inner shell is defined as D2, where 0.10mm≤D2≤0.30mm; The exposed end has a rounded corner portion, the diameter of which is R, where R > D2.

Images