Selenium-rich planting method for stropharia rugoso-annulata

Abstract

The invention relates to a selenium-rich planting method for stropharia rugoso-annulata, and belongs to the technical field of stropharia rugoso-annulata planting. S2, transferring and stacking the substrate; s3, performing secondary fermentation and sterilization; s4, preparing and spraying a selenium solution; s5, dibbling and environment regulation and control; s6, hypha growth and film uncovering; s7, soil covering and water management; s8, punching and loosening soil; and S9, fruiting management. According to the selenium-rich planting method for the stropharia rugoso-annulata, the selenium solution is accurately prepared according to the mass of the cultivation material, selenium is uniformly distributed in the cultivation material through water, standardized addition of the selenium content is achieved, accurate control over the selenium content of the stropharia rugoso-annulata is achieved by spraying the selenium solution in a scientific proportion, the selenium content in each 100 g of stropharia rugoso-annulata can reach 37.86 micrograms, and the selenium content of the stropharia rugoso-annulata can reach 37.86 micrograms. Compared with traditional selenium-rich food, the selenium-rich food has more uniform selenium distribution, the safety and nutritional value of the food are ensured, and the urgent demand of the market for high-quality selenium-rich food is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of giant puffball mushroom cultivation technology, specifically a method for cultivating giant puffball mushrooms with selenium enrichment. Background Technology

[0002] The king oyster mushroom (Stropharia carinata) is a saprophytic edible fungus, and its cultivation technology is relatively mature in China, especially in Sichuan, Yunnan, and Fujian provinces where it is cultivated on a large scale. King oyster mushrooms contain all eight essential amino acids, with essential amino acids accounting for 39.11% of the total amino acid profile, giving them rich nutritional and medicinal value. Selenium is a trace element with important physiological functions in the human body, playing multiple roles such as antioxidation, enhancing immunity, and promoting metabolism. However, selenium is unevenly distributed in nature, and the human body cannot synthesize it; therefore, supplementing selenium through diet is particularly important.

[0003] The cultivation technique of selenium-enriched *Stropharia masticata* involves scientifically adding selenium during the growth process. Leveraging the mushroom's high absorption and conversion capacity for selenium, the final product retains its original flavor and nutritional value while significantly increasing its selenium content. Studies have shown that selenium-enriched *Stropharia masticata* not only provides abundant selenium but also possesses strong antioxidant capabilities, helping to eliminate free radicals and prevent various chronic diseases. Existing research indicates that when *Stropharia masticata* is cultured in liquid selenium-enriched medium at a concentration of 150 μg / mL, mycelial biomass and selenium enrichment reach high levels, demonstrating strong antioxidant capacity. This suggests that specific selenium-enriched cultivation methods can effectively increase the selenium content and health benefits of *Stropharia masticata*.

[0004] Although selenium-enriched cultivation technology for *Stropharia masticata* has been developed, some technical problems still exist. In existing technologies, selenium is usually added through external spraying or soaking, which is not only inefficient but may also lead to uneven selenium content, affecting food safety and nutritional value. Therefore, the selenium-enriched cultivation conditions for *Stropharia masticata* need to be further optimized to improve the uniformity of selenium content and bioavailability. In view of this, a selenium-enriched cultivation method for *Stropharia masticata* is proposed to solve the problems existing in the current selenium-enriched cultivation technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a selenium-enriched cultivation method for *Stropharia masticata*, which has the advantage of improving the uniformity of selenium content. This method solves the problem that in existing technologies, selenium is usually added through external spraying or soaking, which is not only inefficient but may also lead to uneven selenium content, affecting the safety and nutritional value of food.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for cultivating *Stropharia macrocarpa* with selenium enrichment, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Substrate preparation and primary fermentation, wherein the substrate preparation and primary fermentation include the following steps:

[0008] S1-1: Mix the cultivation material evenly outside the mushroom house;

[0009] S1-2: Perform the initial fermentation until the substrate reaches the appropriate maturity;

[0010] S2. Substrate Transfer and Stacking: The substrate is loaded into the warehouse and manually stacked to ensure that the surface of the mushroom house bed frame is flat and compacted;

[0011] S3. Secondary fermentation and sterilization, wherein the secondary fermentation and sterilization includes the following steps:

[0012] S3-1: Use steam to heat for 1-2 days for secondary fermentation;

[0013] S3-2: Monitor the temperature during fermentation to ensure it does not exceed 60℃ to avoid damaging the substrate structure;

[0014] S4. Preparation and application of selenium solution, wherein the preparation and application of selenium solution includes the following steps:

[0015] S4-1: Accurately weigh the selenium source material according to the required selenium concentration in the cultivation substrate;

[0016] S4-2: Dissolve the selenium source in an appropriate amount of water, and spray the selenium solution evenly when the matrix temperature drops to a suitable range;

[0017] S5. Seeding and Environmental Control: Seeding and film covering should be carried out when the substrate temperature drops to 20-26℃;

[0018] S6. Mycelial growth and membrane removal: After the mycelium has developed and covered a large area, the membrane is removed.

[0019] S7. Covering and Moisture Management, which includes the following steps:

[0020] S7-1: After the mycelium has fully colonized the area, water it once, and then cover it with soil;

[0021] S7-2: Water again after covering with soil, and adjust the air conditioner temperature to maintain 20-22℃;

[0022] S8. Aeration and Loosening of Soil: Aerate the soil 5-7 days after covering to increase aeration; loosen the soil to promote mycelial growth.

[0023] S9. Fruiting management, which includes the following steps:

[0024] S9-1: Once the primordia have emerged, lower the temperature of the mushroom house to 15-18℃ to promote fruiting;

[0025] S9-2: Water as needed based on the growth of the mushrooms and the moisture content of the substrate.

[0026] Furthermore, the moisture content of the initial fermentation in S1 is controlled at 62%-68%, and the pile is turned every 12 hours. The pile temperature gradient is monitored by an infrared thermal imager.

[0027] Furthermore, the mushroom house environment in S2 is equipped with a spectrum-adjustable LED array to simulate the natural light spectrum during the fruiting period.

[0028] Furthermore, the secondary fermentation stage in S3 includes an ultrasonic-assisted sterilization process, which uses 20kHz ultrasound for 15 minutes to improve sterilization efficiency by more than 30%.

[0029] Furthermore, the concentration of the selenium solution in S4 is 10 mg / kg.

[0030] Furthermore, in S5, an ethylene film is used for coating.

[0031] Furthermore, the mycelial development time in S6 is 12-14 days.

[0032] Furthermore, the particle size of the covering soil in S7 is controlled in the range of 2-5mm, and it has been pre-sterilized by high-pressure steam at 121℃, with the moisture content maintained at 22-25%.

[0033] Furthermore, in S8, a vibratory soil loosening machine is used for soil loosening.

[0034] Furthermore, an early warning system is installed in the mushroom house in S9. When the selenium content of the fruiting body exceeds 15 mg / kg, a harvesting command is automatically triggered to prevent excessive accumulation of selenium.

[0035] Compared with existing technologies, this invention provides a method for cultivating *Stropharia macrocarpa* with selenium enrichment, which has the following advantages:

[0036] Beneficial effects:

[0037] 1. This method for cultivating *Stropharia masticata* with selenium enrichment involves precisely preparing a selenium solution using the quality of the cultivation substrate. This ensures that selenium is evenly distributed in the substrate through water, achieving standardized addition of selenium content. By spraying the scientifically proportioned selenium solution, the selenium content of *Stropharia masticata* can be precisely controlled, reaching 37.86 μg of selenium per 100g of mushroom. Compared with traditional selenium-enriched foods, this method has a more uniform selenium distribution, ensuring food safety and nutritional value, and meeting the market's urgent demand for high-quality selenium-enriched foods.

[0038] 2. This selenium-enriched cultivation method for giant king oyster mushrooms reduces dependence on natural resources and minimizes environmental impact by optimizing the cultivation environment and process, achieving environmentally friendly agricultural production. No chemical fertilizers or pesticides are used during cultivation, aligning with the development trend of modern green agriculture. This not only enhances the market competitiveness of the product but also brings higher economic benefits to agricultural producers. Furthermore, by providing high-quality healthy food, it helps improve public nutrition levels and health awareness, thus enhancing social benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the cultivation process of a selenium-enriched mushroom cultivation method for *Stropharia macrocarpa* according to the present invention.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the selenium content detection results of selenium-enriched red pine mushroom in the selenium-enriched cultivation method of giant puffball mushroom according to the present invention.

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of different concentrations of selenium on the nutritional quality of *Pleurotus ostreatus* fruiting bodies in a selenium-enriched cultivation method according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] Example 1:

[0044] Please see Figure 1 The selenium-enriched cultivation method for *Stropharia macrocarpa* in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0045] S1. Substrate preparation and primary fermentation: Substrate preparation and primary fermentation include the following steps:

[0046] S1-1: Mix the cultivation material evenly outside the mushroom house;

[0047] S1-2: Perform the initial fermentation until the substrate reaches the appropriate maturity;

[0048] In S1, the moisture content of the initial fermentation is controlled at 62%-68%, and the pile is turned every 12 hours. The pile temperature gradient is monitored by an infrared thermal imager.

[0049] S2. Substrate Transfer and Stacking: The substrate is loaded into the warehouse and manually stacked to ensure that the surface of the mushroom house bed frame is flat and compacted;

[0050] Among them, the mushroom house environment in S2 is set with a spectrum-adjustable LED array to simulate the natural light spectrum during the fruiting period.

[0051] S3. Secondary fermentation and sterilization, which includes the following steps:

[0052] S3-1: Use steam to heat for 1-2 days for secondary fermentation;

[0053] S3-2: Monitor the temperature during fermentation to ensure it does not exceed 60℃ to avoid damaging the substrate structure;

[0054] In particular, the secondary fermentation stage of S3 is equipped with an ultrasonic-assisted sterilization process, which uses 20kHz ultrasonic waves for 15 minutes to improve sterilization efficiency by more than 30%.

[0055] S4. Preparation and application of selenium solution: The preparation and application of selenium solution includes the following steps:

[0056] S4-1: Accurately weigh the selenium source material according to the required selenium concentration in the cultivation substrate;

[0057] S4-2: Dissolve the selenium source in an appropriate amount of water, and spray the selenium solution evenly when the matrix temperature drops to a suitable range;

[0058] The concentration of selenium solution in S4 is 10 mg / kg.

[0059] S5. Seeding and Environmental Control: Seeding and film covering should be carried out when the substrate temperature drops to 20-26℃;

[0060] In S5, ethylene film is used for coating.

[0061] S6. Mycelial growth and membrane removal: After the mycelium has developed and covered a large area, the membrane is removed.

[0062] In S6, the mycelial development time is 12-14 days.

[0063] S7. Covering and Moisture Management: Covering and moisture management includes the following steps:

[0064] S7-1: After the mycelium has fully colonized the area, water it once, and then cover it with soil;

[0065] S7-2: Water again after covering with soil, and adjust the air conditioner temperature to maintain 20-22℃;

[0066] The particle size of the covering material is controlled in the range of 2-5mm, and it has been pre-sterilized by high-pressure steam at 121℃, with a moisture content of 22-25%.

[0067] S8. Aeration and Loosening of Soil: Aerate the soil 5-7 days after covering to increase aeration; loosen the soil to promote mycelial growth.

[0068] In S8, a vibratory soil loosening machine is used for soil loosening.

[0069] S9. Fruiting Management: Fruiting management includes the following steps:

[0070] S9-1: Once the primordia have emerged, lower the temperature of the mushroom house to 15-18℃ to promote fruiting;

[0071] S9-2: Water as needed based on the growth of the mushrooms and the moisture content of the substrate.

[0072] Among them, the S9 mushroom house is equipped with an early warning system that automatically triggers a harvesting command when the selenium content of the fruiting body exceeds 15mg / kg, in order to prevent excessive accumulation of selenium.

[0073] Example 2:

[0074] Please refer to Table 1. In this embodiment, the method for detecting selenium content in selenium-enriched red pine mushrooms includes the following steps:

[0075] A1. Preparation of selenium-enriched red pine mushroom powder: Select high-quality red pine mushrooms that are free from yellowing and mold and have plump flesh. Wash them with clean water to remove surface impurities, dry them in the sun, crush them, and pass them through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain selenium-enriched oyster mushroom powder. Store the sample at 0-4℃ for later use.

[0076] A2. Detection of Selenium Content in Samples: The selenium content in the mycelium was determined using atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The instrument used was an AFS-930 atomic fluorescence spectrometer. The detection of selenium content in samples included the following steps:

[0077] A2-1: Method for determining total selenium in a sample: Accurately weigh 0.5000g of sample into a round-bottom flask, add 5mL of digestion solution, connect a condenser, and reflux until the solution is colorless and transparent. After cooling the solution, pour it into a beaker, adjust the pH to 7 with 10% sodium hydroxide, then adjust the pH to the optimal value obtained in the above experiment with 0.1mol / L hydrochloric acid. Next, add 5mL of hydroxylamine hydrochloride to reduce the excess oxidized portion, and finally make up the difference to 50mL with distilled water.

[0078] A2-2: Method for determining inorganic selenium in a sample: Accurately weigh 2.000g of the sample and place it in a beaker. Add 50mL of distilled water and boil for 10min. Centrifuge at 3000r / min for 20min and take the supernatant to dilute to 50mL.

[0079] Example 3:

[0080] Please refer to Table 2. In this embodiment, the method for detecting the nutritional quality of selenium-enriched red pine mushrooms includes the following steps:

[0081] B1. Moisture content was determined by drying method. After the red pine mushroom slices were dried in an oven at 50℃ to constant weight, the mass before and after drying was measured, and the moisture content was calculated.

[0082] B2. The dried red pine mushrooms were crushed by a crusher and passed through a 100-mesh sieve for the determination of crude protein, crude fiber, crude polysaccharide, crude fat and amino acids.

[0083] The crude protein was determined according to GB / T6432-2018, the crude fiber according to GB / T5009.10-2003, the crude fat according to GB / T14772-2008, and the crude polysaccharide was extracted using hot water extraction.

[0084] B3. Selenium-enriched red pine mushroom powder was extracted with 6 mol / L HCl (containing 5 mg / mL phenol) at 110℃ under vacuum for 24 h. The product was filtered through qualitative filter paper and the amino acid composition was analyzed using an automatic amino acid analyzer. Each treatment was repeated in triplicate.

[0085] The moisture content of each treatment group ranged from 92.66% to 93.36%, the crude protein content ranged from 32.55% to 36.60%, the fiber content ranged from 10.14% to 10.69%, the crude polysaccharide content ranged from 6.35% to 7.14%, and the crude fiber content ranged from 6.38% to 7.18%.

[0086] There were no significant differences in water content, crude fiber, and crude fat content among the treatment groups. The crude protein and crude polysaccharide contents showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The Se7.5 group showed the highest crude protein and crude polysaccharide contents, at 36.60% and 7.14%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control group. This indicates that a selenium concentration of 7.5 mg / kg can significantly improve the nutritional quality of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies.

[0087] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0088] This method for cultivating *Stropharia masticata* with selenium enrichment involves precisely preparing a selenium solution using the quality of the cultivation substrate. This ensures that selenium is evenly distributed throughout the substrate via water, achieving standardized selenium addition. By spraying the scientifically proportioned selenium solution, the selenium content of *Stropharia masticata* can be precisely controlled, reaching 37.86 μg of selenium per 100g of mushroom. Compared to traditional selenium-enriched foods, this method offers a more uniform selenium distribution, ensuring food safety and nutritional value, and meeting the market's urgent demand for high-quality selenium-enriched foods.

[0089] This selenium-enriched cultivation method for giant king oyster mushrooms reduces reliance on natural resources and minimizes environmental impact by optimizing the cultivation environment and process, achieving environmentally friendly agricultural production. The cultivation process eliminates the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, aligning with the development trend of modern green agriculture. This not only enhances the market competitiveness of the product but also brings higher economic benefits to agricultural producers. Furthermore, by providing high-quality healthy food, it helps improve public nutrition levels and health awareness, thus enhancing social benefits.

[0090] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply the existence of any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article, or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or device. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or device comprising the element.

[0091] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating *Stropharia macrocarpa* with selenium enrichment, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Substrate preparation and primary fermentation, wherein the substrate preparation and primary fermentation include the following steps: S1-1: Mix the cultivation material evenly outside the mushroom house; S1-2: Perform the initial fermentation until the substrate reaches the appropriate maturity; S2. Substrate Transfer and Stacking: The substrate is loaded into the warehouse and manually stacked to ensure that the surface of the mushroom house bed frame is flat and compacted; S3. Secondary fermentation and sterilization, wherein the secondary fermentation and sterilization includes the following steps: S3-1: Use steam to heat for 1-2 days for secondary fermentation; S3-2: Monitor the temperature during fermentation to ensure it does not exceed 60℃ to avoid damaging the substrate structure; S4. Preparation and application of selenium solution, wherein the preparation and application of selenium solution includes the following steps: S4-1: Accurately weigh the selenium source material according to the required selenium concentration in the cultivation substrate; S4-2: Dissolve the selenium source in an appropriate amount of water, and spray the selenium solution evenly when the matrix temperature drops to a suitable range; S5. Seeding and Environmental Control: Seeding and mulching should be carried out when the substrate temperature drops to 20-26℃. S6. Mycelial growth and membrane removal: After the mycelium has developed and covered a large area, the membrane is removed. S7. Covering and Moisture Management, which includes the following steps: S7-1: After the mycelium has fully colonized the area, water it once, and then cover it with soil; S7-2: Water again after covering with soil, and adjust the air conditioner temperature to maintain 20-22℃; S8. Aeration and Loosening of Soil: Aerate the soil 5-7 days after covering to increase aeration; loosen the soil to promote mycelial growth. S9. Fruiting management, which includes the following steps: S9-1: Once the primordia have emerged, lower the temperature of the mushroom house to 15-18℃ to promote fruiting; S9-2: Water as needed based on the growth of the mushrooms and the moisture content of the substrate.

2. The method for cultivating *Stropharia macrocarpa* with selenium enrichment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moisture content of the initial fermentation in S1 is controlled at 62%-68%, and the pile is turned every 12 hours. The pile temperature gradient is monitored by an infrared thermal imager.

3. The method for cultivating *Stropharia macrocarpa* with selenium enrichment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mushroom house environment in S2 is equipped with a spectrum-adjustable LED array to simulate the natural light spectrum during the fruiting period.

4. The method for cultivating *Stropharia macrocarpa* with selenium enrichment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The secondary fermentation stage in S3 is equipped with an ultrasonic-assisted sterilization process, which uses 20kHz ultrasound for 15 minutes to improve sterilization efficiency by more than 30%.

5. The method for cultivating *Stropharia macrocarpa* with selenium enrichment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration of the selenium solution in S4 is 10 mg / kg.

6. The method for cultivating *Stropharia macrocarpa* with selenium enrichment according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S5, a ethylene film is used for coating.

7. The method for cultivating *Stropharia macrocarpa* with selenium enrichment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mycelial development time in S6 is 12-14 days.

8. The method for cultivating *Stropharia macrocarpa* with selenium enrichment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the covering soil in S7 is controlled in the range of 2-5mm, and it has been pre-sterilized by high-pressure steam at 121℃, with the moisture content maintained at 22-25%.

9. The method for cultivating *Stropharia macrocarpa* with selenium enrichment according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S8, a vibratory soil loosening machine is used for soil loosening.

10. A method for cultivating *Stropharia macrocarpa* with selenium enrichment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mushroom house in S9 is equipped with an early warning system that automatically triggers a harvesting command when the selenium content of the fruiting bodies exceeds 15 mg / kg, in order to prevent excessive accumulation of selenium.

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