A saline-alkali soil rice quality improving and synergistic planting method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a salt-alkali soil rice quality-improving and yield-increasing planting method, which comprises the following steps: S1, soil treatment; and S2, soil conditioner preparation, wherein the raw materials of the soil conditioner comprise river sand, clay, water, a mixed solution and calcium sulfate, and the raw materials of the mixed solution comprise pomelo peels, glomus mosseae, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and bacillus licheniformis. In the application, the formula of the soil conditioner is optimized, the addition of the river sand and the clay can increase the porosity of the soil, improve the water drainage and air permeability of the soil, prevent the soil from being hardened, calcium ions in the calcium sulfate can promote the formation of the soil granular structure, further improve the loose structure of the soil, the pomelo peel fermentation liquor in the mixed solution can provide rich organic matters for the soil, improve the soil fertilizer retention capacity, and the yield performance of the salt-alkali soil rice planting is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rice cultivation technology, specifically a method for improving the quality and efficiency of rice cultivation in saline-alkali land. Background Technology

[0002] Rice cultivation in saline-alkali land refers to the cultivation of rice on land with high salt content. By selecting salt-tolerant varieties and improving the soil, rice can grow in a saline-alkali environment. This cultivation can not only develop saline-alkali land resources and increase arable land area, but also improve the ecology.

[0003] In existing technologies, while soil improvement methods can provide nutrients and promote root growth, they are less effective at improving the structure of saline-alkali soils, leading to soil compaction and reduced planting efficiency. Therefore, this invention provides a method for improving the quality and efficiency of rice cultivation in saline-alkali land. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for improving the quality and efficiency of rice cultivation in saline-alkali land. The land treated by this method not only has better rice yield performance but also lower soil alkalinity.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for improving the quality and efficiency of rice cultivation in saline-alkali land includes the following steps:

[0007] S1: Soil treatment. Before planting, the first tillage treatment is carried out. After the first tillage treatment, irrigation, soaking and drainage are carried out. The second tillage treatment is carried out 5-7 days later to complete the soil treatment.

[0008] S2: Soil conditioner preparation. The raw materials for the soil conditioner include river sand, clay, water, mixed solution, and calcium sulfate. The raw materials for the mixed solution include grapefruit peel, *Bacillus mosierifolius*, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and *Bacillus licheniformis*.

[0009] S3: Spreading treatment, the soil conditioner is spread in the soil, and fertilizer is spread 4-6 days later;

[0010] S4: Preparation of seed treatment agent. The raw materials for the seed treatment agent include brassinolide, chitosan, proline, fludioxonil, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium lignosulfonate, and deionized water.

[0011] S5: Seed pretreatment. Seeds are pretreated with a seed treatment agent. Any one of the following seeds can be selected: Haidao 86, Yanfeng 47, or Jindao 179. The mass of the seed treatment agent is 4-6% of the seed mass.

[0012] S6: Sowing treatment. After pretreatment, the seeds are cultivated to obtain rice seedlings. The rice seedlings are then sown in the soil and watered after sowing.

[0013] S7: Harvesting treatment. After the rice has yellowed and reached maturity of more than 95%, the rice is harvested.

[0014] Furthermore, in S1, the depth of the first tillage treatment is 30-35cm, the water depth of the irrigation is 10-15cm, the soaking time is 4-6 days, and the depth of the second tillage treatment is 20-25cm.

[0015] Furthermore, the method for preparing the soil conditioner is as follows: river sand, clay, and water are added to a mixer, and the mixer is set to 80-120 r / min and stirred for 20-30 min to obtain a slurry. Then, the slurry, mixed liquid, and calcium sulfate are added to the mixer, and the mixer is set to 200-300 r / min and stirred for 20-30 min to obtain the soil conditioner.

[0016] Furthermore, the mass ratio of river sand, clay, and water is 1:(0.2-0.3):(0.4-0.6), and the mass ratio of slurry, mixed liquid, and calcium sulfate is 1:(0.2-0.3):(0.6-0.8).

[0017] Further, the mixture is prepared by the following method: grapefruit peels are recycled from a juice factory. After the grapefruit peels are cut and crushed, they are added to a fermentation tank. Water and inoculum are added to the fermentation tank. After the products in the fermentation tank are mixed evenly, the tank is sealed and fermented for 24 to 26 days. The composting tank is vented every 3 days. After fermentation, water is added to dilute the mixture by 5 to 10 times to obtain the mixture. The mass of water is 3 to 5 times the mass of grapefruit peel, and the mass of inoculum is 0.8 to 1% of the mass of grapefruit peel. The inoculum is a mixture of equal masses of *Bacillus mosierifolius*, *Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi*, and *Bacillus licheniformis*.

[0018] Further, the method for preparing the seed treatment agent is as follows: brassinolide, chitosan, proline, fludioxonil, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium lignosulfonate, and deionized water are added to a mixer, and the mixer is set to 400-600 r / min for 20-30 min to obtain the seed treatment agent. The mass ratio of brassinolide, chitosan, proline, fludioxonil, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium lignosulfonate, and deionized water is 1:(3-5):(0.6-0.8):(0.06-0.08):(0.4-0.6):(2-3):(30-40).

[0019] Further, the seed pretreatment method is as follows: the seed treatment agent is divided into two equal parts by mass. One part of the seed treatment agent is added to a container, and 50 to 100 times the amount of water is poured into the container to dilute it. The water temperature is maintained at 20 to 25°C. The seeds are poured into the container and soaked for 12 to 24 hours. After soaking, the seeds are taken out and rinsed with clean water 2 to 4 times. After draining the water, the seeds are placed at 30°C for 2 to 4 hours. Then, the seeds and the other part of the seed treatment agent are added to a seed coating machine and stirred for 3 to 6 minutes to complete the seed pretreatment.

[0020] Furthermore, the dosage of soil conditioner in S3 is 1200-1400 kg per mu. The broadcasting method is to directly broadcast half of the soil conditioner for the first time, and then rotary till 20-25 cm after 2-4 days, and broadcast the other half of the soil conditioner.

[0021] Furthermore, in S3, the fertilizer application rate is 250-350 kg per mu, compound fertilizer is selected, and the soil is rotary tilled to a depth of 15-20 cm after fertilization.

[0022] Furthermore, the stubble height for rice harvesting in S7 is 15–20 cm.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] 1. In this invention, the method for improving the quality and efficiency of rice cultivation in saline-alkali land involves optimizing the formula of a soil conditioner. The addition of river sand and clay increases soil porosity, improves drainage and aeration, and prevents soil compaction. Calcium sulfate provides calcium ions to the soil, promoting the formation of soil aggregates and further improving the loose structure. The fermented grapefruit peel in the mixture provides abundant organic matter to the soil, improving its fertilizer retention capacity. *Morchella mossioides* and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi form a symbiotic relationship with rice roots, expanding the root absorption range and helping rice absorb more water and mineral nutrients, thereby effectively improving the yield performance of rice grown in saline-alkali land.

[0025] 2. In this invention, the seeds for rice cultivation are pretreated. Brassinolide, as a plant growth regulator, can promote seed germination and development. Chitosan can activate the plant's own defense system and improve its disease resistance. Proline can act as an osmotic regulator to enhance the seed's salt tolerance. Fludioxonil, as a fungicide, can ensure the germination rate. Through two treatments of soaking and coating the seeds, the seeds can be effectively promoted, thereby improving the germination rate and growth and development. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 The present invention provides a flowchart of a method for improving the quality and efficiency of rice cultivation in saline-alkali land. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] It should be noted that the raw materials used in the following embodiments are all commercially available.

[0029] Example 1:

[0030] S1: Soil treatment. Before planting, the first tillage treatment is carried out. After the first tillage treatment, irrigation, soaking and drainage treatment are carried out. After 5 days, the second tillage treatment is carried out to complete the soil treatment.

[0031] In S1, the first tillage treatment depth was 30cm, the irrigation water depth was 10cm, the soaking time was 4 days, and the second tillage treatment depth was 20cm.

[0032] S2: Soil conditioner preparation. The raw materials for the soil conditioner include river sand, clay, water, mixed solution, and calcium sulfate. The raw materials for the mixed solution include grapefruit peel, *Bacillus mosierifolius*, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and *Bacillus licheniformis*.

[0033] The method for preparing the soil conditioner is as follows: River sand, clay, and water are added to a mixer, which is set to 80 r / min and stirred for 20 min to obtain a slurry. Then, the slurry, mixed liquid, and calcium sulfate are added to the mixer, which is set to 200 r / min and stirred for 20 min to obtain the soil conditioner. The mass ratio of river sand, clay, and water is 1:0.2:0.4, and the mass ratio of slurry, mixed liquid, and calcium sulfate is 1:0.2:0.6.

[0034] The mixture was prepared by the following method: grapefruit peels were recycled from a juice factory. After the grapefruit peels were cut and crushed, they were added to a fermentation tank. Water and inoculum were added to the fermentation tank. After the products in the fermentation tank were mixed evenly, the tank was sealed and fermented for 24 days. The composting tank was vented every 3 days. After the fermentation was completed, water was added to dilute it 5 times to obtain the mixture. The mass of water was 3 times the mass of grapefruit peels, and the mass of inoculum was 0.8% of the mass of grapefruit peels. The inoculum was a mixture of equal masses of *Bacillus mosierifolius*, *Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi*, and *Bacillus licheniformis*.

[0035] S3: Spreading treatment, the soil conditioner is spread in the soil, and fertilizer is spread 4 days later;

[0036] The dosage of soil conditioner in S3 is 1200 kg per mu. The broadcasting method is to directly broadcast half of the soil conditioner for the first time, and then rotary till 20 cm after 2 days to broadcast the other half of the soil conditioner. The fertilizer broadcasting amount in S3 is 250 kg per mu, and compound fertilizer is selected. After fertilization, rotary till 15 cm.

[0037] S4: Preparation of seed treatment agent. The raw materials for the seed treatment agent include brassinolide, chitosan, proline, fludioxonil, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium lignosulfonate, and deionized water.

[0038] The seed treatment agent is prepared as follows: brassinolide, chitosan, proline, fludioxonil, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium lignosulfonate, and deionized water are added to a mixer, and the mixer is set to 400 r / min and stirred for 20 min to obtain the seed treatment agent. The mass ratio of brassinolide, chitosan, proline, fludioxonil, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium lignosulfonate, and deionized water is 1:3:0.6:0.06:0.4:2:30.

[0039] S5: Seed pretreatment. Seeds are pretreated with a seed treatment agent. The selected seed is Haidao 86, and the mass of the seed treatment agent is 4% of the seed mass.

[0040] The seed pretreatment method is as follows: Divide the seed treatment agent into two equal parts by weight. Add one part of the seed treatment agent to a container, pour in 50 times the amount of water to dilute it, keep the water temperature at 20℃, pour the seeds into the container, soak for 12 hours, after soaking, take out the seeds, rinse the seeds twice with clean water, drain the water and place them at 30℃ for 2 hours. Then, add the seeds and the other part of the seed treatment agent to the seed coating machine, stir and treat for 3 minutes to complete the seed pretreatment.

[0041] S6: Sowing treatment. After pretreatment, the seeds are cultivated to obtain rice seedlings. The rice seedlings are then sown in the soil and watered after sowing.

[0042] S7: Harvesting treatment: After the rice has yellowed and reached maturity of more than 95%, the rice is harvested.

[0043] In S7, the stubble height for rice harvesting is 15cm.

[0044] Example 2:

[0045] S1: Soil treatment. Before planting, the first tillage treatment is carried out. After the first tillage treatment, irrigation, soaking and drainage are carried out. The second tillage treatment is carried out 6 days later to complete the soil treatment.

[0046] In S1, the first tillage treatment depth was 32cm, the irrigation water depth was 12cm, the soaking time was 5 days, and the second tillage treatment depth was 22cm.

[0047] S2: Soil conditioner preparation. The raw materials for the soil conditioner include river sand, clay, water, mixed solution, and calcium sulfate. The raw materials for the mixed solution include grapefruit peel, *Bacillus mosierifolius*, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and *Bacillus licheniformis*.

[0048] The method for preparing the soil conditioner is as follows: River sand, clay, and water are added to a mixer, which is set to 100 r / min and stirred for 25 min to obtain a slurry. Then, the slurry, mixed liquid, and calcium sulfate are added to the mixer, which is set to 250 r / min and stirred for 25 min to obtain the soil conditioner. The mass ratio of river sand, clay, and water is 1:0.25:0.5, and the mass ratio of slurry, mixed liquid, and calcium sulfate is 1:0.25:0.7.

[0049] The mixture was prepared by the following method: grapefruit peels were recycled from a juice factory. After the grapefruit peels were cut and crushed, they were added to a fermentation tank. Water and inoculum were added to the fermentation tank. After the products in the fermentation tank were mixed evenly, the tank was sealed and fermented for 25 days. The composting tank was vented every 3 days. After the fermentation was completed, water was added to dilute it 7 times to obtain the mixture. The mass of water was 4 times the mass of grapefruit peels, and the mass of inoculum was 0.9% of the mass of grapefruit peels. The inoculum was a mixture of equal masses of *Bacillus mosierifolius*, *Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi*, and *Bacillus licheniformis*.

[0050] S3: Spreading treatment, the soil conditioner is spread in the soil, and fertilizer is spread 5 days later;

[0051] The dosage of soil conditioner in S3 is 1300 kg per mu. The broadcasting method is to directly broadcast half of the soil conditioner for the first time, and then rotary till 22 cm after 3 days to broadcast the other half of the soil conditioner. The fertilizer broadcasting amount in S3 is 300 kg per mu, and compound fertilizer is selected. After fertilization, rotary till 17 cm.

[0052] S4: Preparation of seed treatment agent. The raw materials for the seed treatment agent include brassinolide, chitosan, proline, fludioxonil, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium lignosulfonate, and deionized water.

[0053] The seed treatment agent is prepared as follows: brassinolide, chitosan, proline, fludioxonil, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium lignosulfonate, and deionized water are added to a mixer, and the mixer is set to 500 r / min for 25 min to obtain the seed treatment agent. The mass ratio of brassinolide, chitosan, proline, fludioxonil, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium lignosulfonate, and deionized water is 1:4:0.7:0.07:0.5:2.5:35.

[0054] S5: Seed pretreatment. Seeds are pretreated with a seed treatment agent. The selected seed is Yanfeng 47, and the mass of the seed treatment agent is 5% of the seed mass.

[0055] The seed pretreatment method is as follows: Divide the seed treatment agent into two equal parts by weight. Add one part of the seed treatment agent to a container and dilute it with 70 times the amount of water. Keep the water temperature at 22℃. Pour the seeds into the container and soak for 18 hours. After soaking, take out the seeds, rinse them three times with clean water, drain the water, and place them at 30℃ for 3 hours. Then, add the seeds and the other part of the seed treatment agent to a seed coating machine and stir for 5 minutes to complete the seed pretreatment.

[0056] S6: Sowing treatment. After pretreatment, the seeds are cultivated to obtain rice seedlings. The rice seedlings are then sown in the soil and watered after sowing.

[0057] S7: Harvesting treatment: After the rice has yellowed and reached maturity of more than 95%, the rice is harvested.

[0058] The stubble height for rice harvesting in S7 is 17cm.

[0059] Example 3:

[0060] S1: Soil treatment. Before planting, the first tillage treatment is carried out. After the first tillage treatment, irrigation, soaking and drainage are carried out. After 7 days, the second tillage treatment is carried out to complete the soil treatment.

[0061] In S1, the first tillage treatment depth was 35cm, the irrigation water depth was 15cm, the soaking time was 6 days, and the second tillage treatment depth was 25cm.

[0062] S2: Soil conditioner preparation. The raw materials for the soil conditioner include river sand, clay, water, mixed solution, and calcium sulfate. The raw materials for the mixed solution include grapefruit peel, *Bacillus mosierifolius*, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and *Bacillus licheniformis*.

[0063] The method for preparing the soil conditioner is as follows: River sand, clay, and water are added to a mixer, which is set to 120 r / min and stirred for 30 min to obtain a slurry. Then, the slurry, mixed liquid, and calcium sulfate are added to the mixer, which is set to 300 r / min and stirred for 30 min to obtain the soil conditioner. The mass ratio of river sand, clay, and water is 1:0.3:0.6, and the mass ratio of slurry, mixed liquid, and calcium sulfate is 1:0.3:0.8.

[0064] The mixture was prepared by the following method: grapefruit peels were recycled from a juice factory. After the grapefruit peels were cut and crushed, they were added to a fermentation tank. Water and inoculum were added to the fermentation tank. After the products in the fermentation tank were mixed evenly, the tank was sealed and fermented for 26 days. The composting tank was vented every 3 days. After the fermentation was completed, water was added to dilute it 10 times to obtain the mixture. The mass of water was 5 times the mass of grapefruit peels, and the mass of inoculum was 1% of the mass of grapefruit peels. The inoculum was a mixture of equal masses of *Bacillus mosierifolius*, *Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi*, and *Bacillus licheniformis*.

[0065] S3: Spreading treatment, the soil conditioner is spread in the soil, and fertilizer is spread 6 days later;

[0066] The dosage of soil conditioner in S3 is 1400 kg per mu. The broadcasting method is to directly broadcast half of the soil conditioner for the first time, and then rotary till 25 cm after 4 days to broadcast the other half of the soil conditioner. The fertilizer broadcasting amount in S3 is 350 kg per mu, using compound fertilizer. After fertilization, rotary till 20 cm.

[0067] S4: Preparation of seed treatment agent. The raw materials for the seed treatment agent include brassinolide, chitosan, proline, fludioxonil, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium lignosulfonate, and deionized water.

[0068] The seed treatment agent is prepared as follows: brassinolide, chitosan, proline, fludioxonil, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium lignosulfonate, and deionized water are added to a mixer, and the mixer is set to 600 r / min for 30 min to obtain the seed treatment agent. The mass ratio of brassinolide, chitosan, proline, fludioxonil, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium lignosulfonate, and deionized water is 1:5:0.8:0.08:0.6:3:40.

[0069] S5: Seed pretreatment. Seeds were pretreated with a seed treatment agent. The selected seed was Jindao 179. The mass of the seed treatment agent was 6% of the seed mass.

[0070] The seed pretreatment method is as follows: Divide the seed treatment agent into two equal parts by weight. Add one part of the seed treatment agent to a container, pour in 100 times the amount of water to dilute it, keep the water temperature at 25℃, pour the seeds into the container, soak for 24 hours, after soaking, take out the seeds, rinse the seeds with clean water 4 times, drain the water and place them at 30℃ for 4 hours. Then, add the seeds and the other part of the seed treatment agent to the seed coating machine, stir and treat for 6 minutes to complete the seed pretreatment.

[0071] S6: Sowing treatment. After pretreatment, the seeds are cultivated to obtain rice seedlings. The rice seedlings are then sown in the soil and watered after sowing.

[0072] S7: Harvesting treatment: After the rice has yellowed and reached maturity of more than 95%, the rice is harvested.

[0073] In S7, the stubble height for rice harvesting is 20cm.

[0074] Comparative Example 1: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that this comparative example does not contain fludioxonil.

[0075] Comparative Example 2: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that this comparative example does not contain a mixture.

[0076] Comparative Example 3 differs from Example 1 in that no seed pretreatment was performed in this comparative example.

[0077] Comparative Example 4 differs from Example 1 in that soil conditioner was not applied in this comparative example.

[0078] Performance testing: Performance tests were conducted on the rice cultivation methods for improving quality and efficiency in saline-alkali land proposed in Examples 1, 2, 3, Comparative Examples 1, 2, 3, and 4. The test data are recorded below:

[0079] Table 1

[0080]

[0081] In the performance test, the experimental field was planted according to the rice quality improvement and efficiency enhancement planting methods proposed in Examples 1, 2, 3, Comparative Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4, and the yield data per hectare was obtained. Before planting, the soil alkalinity at a depth of 20cm was tested.

[0082] It is evident that the rice yield and soil improvement performance of the saline-alkali land rice quality improvement and efficiency enhancement planting methods in Comparative Examples 1, 2, 3, and 4 are all lower than those in Examples 1, 2, and 3. This indicates that in the saline-alkali land rice quality improvement and efficiency enhancement planting method, by optimizing the soil conditioner formula, the addition of river sand and clay can increase soil porosity, improve soil drainage and aeration, and prevent soil compaction. At the same time, calcium sulfate can provide calcium ions to the soil, promote the formation of soil aggregates, and further improve the loose structure of the soil. In the mixed solution, grapefruit peel fermentation liquid can be used to provide rich organic matter to the soil, improve the soil's fertilizer retention capacity, and thus effectively improve the yield performance of rice planted in saline-alkali land.

[0083] By pretreating rice seeds, brassinolide, as a plant growth regulator, can promote seed germination and development; chitosan can activate the plant's own defense system and improve its disease resistance; proline can act as an osmotic regulator to enhance seed salt tolerance; and fludioxonil, as a fungicide, can ensure seedling emergence rate. Through two treatments of soaking and coating the seeds, effective seed-promoting treatment can be ensured, thereby improving seedling emergence rate and growth and development.

[0084] By comparing and analyzing the relevant data in the table, it can be seen that the land treated by the saline-alkali land rice quality improvement and efficiency enhancement planting method of the present invention not only has better rice yield performance, but also has a lower soil alkalinity. This indicates that the saline-alkali land rice quality improvement and efficiency enhancement planting method provided by the present invention has a broader market prospect and is more suitable for promotion.

[0085] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0086] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for improving the quality and efficiency of rice cultivation in saline-alkali land, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1: Soil treatment. Before planting, the first tillage treatment is carried out. After the first tillage treatment, irrigation, soaking and drainage are carried out. The second tillage treatment is carried out 5-7 days later to complete the soil treatment. S2: Soil conditioner preparation. The raw materials for the soil conditioner include river sand, clay, water, mixed solution, and calcium sulfate. The raw materials for the mixed solution include grapefruit peel, *Bacillus mosierifolius*, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and *Bacillus licheniformis*. The method for preparing the soil conditioner is as follows: river sand, clay, and water are added to a mixer, and the mixer is set to 80-120 r / min and stirred for 20-30 min to obtain a slurry. Then, the slurry, mixed liquid, and calcium sulfate are added to the mixer, and the mixer is set to 200-300 r / min and stirred for 20-30 min to obtain the soil conditioner. The mixture is prepared by the following method: grapefruit peels are recycled from a juice factory. After the grapefruit peels are cut and crushed, they are added to a fermentation tank. Water and inoculum are added to the fermentation tank. After the products in the fermentation tank are mixed evenly, the tank is sealed and fermented for 24 to 26 days. The composting tank is vented every 3 days. After the fermentation is completed, water is added to dilute it 5 to 10 times to obtain the mixture. The mass of water is 3 to 5 times the mass of grapefruit peel, and the mass of inoculum is 0.8 to 1% of the mass of grapefruit peel. The inoculum is a mixture of equal masses of *Bacillus mosierifolius*, *Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi*, and *Bacillus licheniformis*. S3: Spreading treatment, the soil conditioner is spread in the soil, and fertilizer is spread 4-6 days later; S4: Preparation of seed treatment agent. The raw materials for the seed treatment agent include brassinolide, chitosan, proline, fludioxonil, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium lignosulfonate, and deionized water. S5: Seed pretreatment. Seeds are pretreated with a seed treatment agent. The seeds can be selected from any one of Haidao 86, Yanfeng 47, or Jindao 179. The mass of the seed treatment agent is 4-6% of the seed mass. S6: Sowing treatment. After pretreatment, the seeds are cultivated to obtain rice seedlings. The rice seedlings are then sown in the soil and watered after sowing. S7: Harvesting process: After the rice has yellowed and reached maturity of more than 95%, the rice is harvested.

2. The method for improving the quality and efficiency of rice cultivation in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the first tillage treatment depth is 30-35cm, the irrigation water depth is 10-15cm, and the soaking time is 4-6 days. The second tillage treatment depth is 20-25cm.

3. The method for improving the quality and efficiency of rice cultivation in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of river sand, clay, and water is 1:(0.2-0.3):(0.4-0.6), and the mass ratio of slurry, mixed liquid, and calcium sulfate is 1:(0.2-0.3):(0.6-0.8).

4. The method for improving the quality and efficiency of rice cultivation in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the seed treatment agent is as follows: brassinolide, chitosan, proline, fludioxonil, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium lignosulfonate, and deionized water are added to a mixer, and the mixer is set to 400-600 r / min and stirred for 20-30 min to obtain the seed treatment agent. The mass ratio of brassinolide, chitosan, proline, fludioxonil, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium lignosulfonate, and deionized water is 1:(3-5):(0.6-0.8):(0.06-0.08):(0.4-0.6):(2-3):(30-40).

5. The method for improving the quality and efficiency of rice cultivation in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seed pretreatment method is as follows: the seed treatment agent is divided into two equal parts by mass. One part of the seed treatment agent is added to a container and diluted with 50 to 100 times the amount of water. The water temperature is maintained at 20 to 25°C. The seeds are then added to the container and soaked for 12 to 24 hours. After soaking, the seeds are removed and rinsed with clean water 2 to 4 times. After draining the water, the seeds are placed at 30°C for 2 to 4 hours. Then, the seeds and the other part of the seed treatment agent are added to a seed coating machine and stirred for 3 to 6 minutes to complete the seed pretreatment.

6. The method for improving the quality and efficiency of rice cultivation in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dosage of soil conditioner in S3 is 1200-1400 kg per mu. The broadcasting method is to directly broadcast half of the soil conditioner for the first time, and then rotary till 20-25 cm after 2-4 days, and broadcast the other half of the soil conditioner.

7. The method for improving the quality and efficiency of rice cultivation in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, the fertilizer application rate is 250-350 kg per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), using compound fertilizer. After fertilization, the soil should be rotary tilled to a depth of 15-20 cm.

8. The method for improving the quality and efficiency of rice cultivation in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stubble height for rice harvesting in S7 is 15–20 cm.

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