Lightweight sound-absorbing building material, method for its production and application in suspended ceiling

Abstract

This invention discloses a lightweight sound-absorbing building material, its preparation method, and its application in ceiling components, relating to the field of lightweight building materials technology. The lightweight sound-absorbing building material of this invention consists of a porous plate and a glaze layer on the surface of the porous plate. The glaze layer is formed by spraying glaze onto the surface of the porous plate; the porous plate is formed by sintering a plate-forming composition; the plate-forming composition includes the following raw materials: waste foamed ceramic powder, diatomaceous earth, hollow glass microspheres, cellulose nanocrystals, bilayer fibers, a foaming agent, and an ethanol solution of polyethyleneimine. The core-shell structure bilayer fibers introduced in this invention, with a mesoporous barium titanate-silica composite phase as the core and an MXene-graphene composite phase as the shell, effectively improve the material's sound absorption and noise reduction capabilities; the introduction of hollow glass microspheres and cellulose nanocrystals further enhances the material's lightweight properties, flexural strength, and sound absorption and noise reduction capabilities. Therefore, this invention has broader application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lightweight building materials technology, specifically to a lightweight sound-absorbing building material, its preparation method, and its application in ceiling components. Background Technology

[0002] Common sources of indoor noise are widespread, including noise from various mechanical equipment such as fans, air conditioners, and water pumps; noise from human activities such as talking, footsteps, and moving objects; and external environmental noise, such as road traffic noise, railway noise, and aviation noise, which enter the room through the enclosure. These noises have complex frequency ranges, including low-frequency, mid-frequency, and high-frequency noise. Long-term exposure not only seriously affects people's quality of life but may also lead to psychological problems or other illnesses. To create a comfortable living environment free from interference between floors, soundproof ceilings have become an effective noise reduction method. Installing soundproof ceilings can reduce noise transmitted from upstairs, eliminating the nuisance caused by noise.

[0003] However, in practical applications, the sound-absorbing materials used in soundproof ceilings still suffer from problems such as low sound absorption coefficients, limited sound insulation effects, and high material density, which significantly increases the load-bearing capacity of the building structure, raises construction difficulty, and increases installation costs. Therefore, the sound absorption coefficient of existing sound-absorbing materials still needs to be improved, and their density still needs to be reduced. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a lightweight sound-absorbing building material, its preparation method, and its application in ceiling components, thereby solving the following technical problems:

[0005] Existing sound-absorbing materials still suffer from being lightweight and having relatively poor sound absorption and noise reduction capabilities.

[0006] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A lightweight sound-absorbing building material, the lightweight sound-absorbing building material being composed of a porous plate and a glaze layer on the surface of the porous plate;

[0008] The glaze layer is formed by spraying glaze onto the surface of the perforated plate;

[0009] The porous plate is formed by sintering a plate-forming composition;

[0010] The board composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of waste foamed ceramic powder, 20-40 parts of diatomaceous earth, 10-15 parts of hollow glass microspheres, 2-4 parts of cellulose nanocrystals, 3-5 parts of bilayer fiber, 5-9 parts of foaming agent, and 14-20 parts of ethanol solution of polyethyleneimine.

[0011] The bilayer fiber is a core-shell structured composite fiber with a mesoporous barium titanate-silica composite phase as the core and an MXene-graphene composite phase as the shell.

[0012] Preferably, the porous plate is prepared by the following method:

[0013] A1: Mix waste foamed ceramic powder, diatomaceous earth, hollow glass microspheres, cellulose nanocrystals, double-layer fibers, and foaming agent and stir for 30-50 minutes. Then add ethanol solution of polyethyleneimine and stir for 5-10 minutes to obtain a slab composition.

[0014] A2: The plate composition is poured into a mold and molded under a pressure of 10-15MPa for 5-8 minutes. Then, the temperature is raised to 300-500℃ at 3-5℃ / min and held for 10-20 minutes. Next, the temperature is raised to 750-850℃ at 5-10℃ / min and held for 20-30 minutes. Finally, the temperature is raised to 1000-1250℃ at 3-5℃ / min and sintered for 30-40 minutes. After cooling in the furnace, a porous plate is obtained.

[0015] Preferably, the mass fraction of the polyethyleneimine ethanol solution in A1 is 5%;

[0016] The foaming agent described in A1 is a mixture of calcium carbonate and sodium carbonate; the mass ratio of calcium carbonate to sodium carbonate is 2-3:1.

[0017] Preferably, the method for preparing the bilayer fiber is as follows:

[0018] B1: Add tetrabutyl titanate and tetraethyl orthosilicate to acetylacetone and stir for 30-50 min. Then add barium acetate solution and template agent F127 and stir at 55-60℃ for 6-8 h to obtain core-layer spinning solution.

[0019] B2: Add titanium aluminum carbide to hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution and stir for 21-25h. Centrifuge and wash the precipitate 5-7 times with deionized water. Then add it to deionized water and ultrasonically disperse it for 30-60min under argon atmosphere. Centrifuge to remove the precipitate and obtain MXene colloid.

[0020] B3: Add graphene aqueous dispersion and chitosan to MXene colloid and stir for 60-80 min. Then, perform ultrasonic dispersion at 40-45℃ for 30-40 min with a power of 100-200W. Then, pre-cool at 3-5℃ for 1-2 h, freeze at -25-15℃ for 6-8 h, and finally blast freeze with liquid nitrogen at -196℃. After vacuum drying at -80-70℃ for 48-50 h, and ball mill at 300-400 r / min for 30-60 min, the composite aerogel is obtained.

[0021] B4: Add composite aerogel and polyacrylic acid to anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically disperse at 0-10℃ for 20-30 min, then seal and age for 11-15 h to obtain shell spinning solution;

[0022] B5: Electrospinning is performed with a core spinning solution flow rate of 0.5-1 mL / h, a shell spinning solution flow rate of 1-2 mL / h, a spinning voltage of 20-25 kV, a receiving distance of 15-20 cm, and an ambient humidity of 30%-40%. The fibers are collected using a rotating drum at 100-200 r / min to obtain the precursor membrane.

[0023] B6: The precursor membrane is vacuum dried at 55-60℃ for 11-15h, then heated to 300-400℃ at 5-10℃ / min and held for 2-3h, then heated to 800-850℃ at 3-5℃ / min and held for 3-5h, and finally immersed in a 0.1mol / L silane coupling agent KH-550 ethanol solution with pH 4-5 and reacted at 55-60℃ for 4-6h, and then dried with supercritical carbon dioxide at 8-10MPa and 40-45℃ for 2-4h to obtain bilayer fibers.

[0024] Preferably, the ratio of tetrabutyl titanate, tetraethyl orthosilicate, acetylacetone, barium acetate solution, and template agent F127 in B1 is 8-10g: 1-1.2g: 20-24mL: 28-35mL: 8-10g;

[0025] The barium acetate solution described in B1 is obtained by mixing glacial acetic acid and barium acetate monohydrate; the ratio of glacial acetic acid to barium acetate monohydrate is 50-60 mL: 10-12 g;

[0026] The mass ratio of hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution, titanium aluminum carbide, and deionized water in B2 is 30-45:3-4.5:60-90;

[0027] The hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution described in B2 has a mass fraction of 40%;

[0028] The ratio of MXene colloid, graphene aqueous dispersion, and chitosan described in B3 is 50-60 mL: 12.5-15 mL: 0.5-0.6 g;

[0029] The mass fraction of the graphene aqueous dispersion described in B3 is 0.2%;

[0030] The ratio of anhydrous ethanol, composite aerogel, and polyacrylic acid described in B4 is 30-60 mL: 1-2 g: 0.5-1 g.

[0031] Preferably, the glaze is prepared by the following method;

[0032] C1: Add zinc nitrate hexahydrate to anhydrous ethanol and stir for 20-40 min, then add chelating agent and stir for 30-50 min, then add tetrabutyl titanate dropwise, while adjusting the pH to 8-9 with ammonia water, gel at 55-60℃ for 21-25 h, and then calcine in air at 450-550℃ for 2-4 h to obtain composite powder;

[0033] C2: Borosilicate glass microspheres, composite powder, carbon nanotubes, and nano-silica aerogel are mixed, and then dry-milled for 2-4 hours using zirconia balls as a medium. Then, deionized water and polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution are added and wet-milled for 4-6 hours to obtain the glaze.

[0034] Preferably, the ratio of anhydrous ethanol, zinc nitrate hexahydrate, chelating agent, and tetrabutyl titanate in C1 is 50-60 mL: 10-12 g: 2-2.5 g: 3.8-4.6 g;

[0035] The chelating agent mentioned in C1 is either potassium citrate or sodium citrate.

[0036] Preferably, the ratio of borosilicate glass microspheres, composite powder, carbon nanotubes, nano-silica aerogel, zirconia spheres, deionized water, and polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution in C2 is 50-60g: 10-12g: 3-4g: 3-4g: 340-400g: 30-35mL: 10-12mL;

[0037] The mass fraction of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution described in C2 is 3%.

[0038] A method for preparing a lightweight sound-absorbing building material includes the following steps:

[0039] The porous board is ultrasonically atomized with glaze at a frequency of 35-40kHz, a power of 150-200W, a spraying pressure of 0.2-0.4MPa, and a distance of 15cm. After spraying 2-3 layers of glaze to form a total glaze layer with a thickness of 0.2-0.5mm, it is first dried at 55-60℃ for 2-4h, then the temperature is increased to 300-350℃ at 3-5℃ / min and held for 10-20min, and then increased to 700-800℃ at 5-10℃ / min and held for 10-15min. After cooling, a lightweight sound-absorbing building material is obtained.

[0040] A component ceiling application of a lightweight sound-absorbing building material, which utilizes lightweight sound-absorbing building materials.

[0041] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0042] This invention provides a lightweight sound-absorbing building material, its preparation method, and its application in ceiling components. The invention effectively improves the lightweight nature and sound absorption and noise reduction capabilities of the sound-absorbing material through the following methods.

[0043] (1) The core layer of the double-layer fiber of the present invention is rigid after being calcined with titanium and silicon oxide. The two-dimensional materials such as MXene and graphene retained in the shell layer can enhance the toughness of the fiber. After treatment with silane coupling agent, stress can be transferred, crack propagation can be inhibited, and the flexural strength of the material can be significantly improved. The porous structure and one-dimensional morphology of the double-layer fiber can increase the number of air channels and interfaces inside the material, and promote the scattering, reflection and energy dissipation of sound waves. At low frequencies, the "porous-gap" composite structure formed by fiber filling can build more resonant cavities and enhance the absorption of low-frequency sound waves. At high frequencies, the nanoscale pores and fine micromorphology of the fiber can dissipate high-frequency sound wave energy more efficiently, thereby significantly improving the sound absorption coefficient at both low and high frequencies.

[0044] (2) The hollow glass microspheres added in this invention have a closed cavity inside and extremely low density, which can reduce the density of the material. The hollow glass microspheres can enhance the structural stability of the material through "skeleton support" and "stress dispersion", inhibit the propagation of macroscopic cracks, and thus improve the flexural strength. The closed cavity of the hollow glass microspheres can form a "resonance cavity" with the interconnected pores inside the material. Through the resonance of low-frequency sound waves, energy is dissipated, improving the low-frequency sound absorption performance. The presence of microspheres increases the scattering path of sound waves inside the material and extends the propagation distance. At the same time, the friction between its surface and the air is enhanced, promoting the energy dissipation of mid-to-high frequency sound waves and improving the sound absorption effect.

[0045] (3) The cellulose nanocrystals added in this invention will thermally decompose during the sintering process to form continuous micropores, which will greatly increase the porosity of the porous plate, reduce the overall density, and improve the noise reduction coefficient of the material.

[0046] (4) The core-shell structure of the composite powder of the present invention has a high specific surface area, which can form a stronger interfacial bond with the borosilicate glass phase and carbon nanotubes in the glaze, fill the micro gaps and reduce defects; both zinc oxide and titanium dioxide are hard oxides, and the composite structure with zinc oxide as the core and titanium dioxide as the shell has the mechanical properties of both, which can synergistically enhance the density and toughness of the glaze layer, thereby improving the flexural strength of the material. The nanoscale core-shell structure can form a large number of nanopores and interfaces in the glaze layer. High-frequency sound waves are easily scattered and reflected by the nanostructure and converted into heat energy, significantly improving energy dissipation; the core-shell powder can optimize the acoustic impedance matching between the glaze layer and the air, reduce the reflection of low-frequency sound waves, and help improve the low-frequency sound absorption coefficient.

[0047] (5) The carbon nanotubes added in this invention have extremely high strength and elastic modulus. Their network structure can effectively transfer stress, prevent crack propagation, and improve the flexural strength of the material. The network structure of carbon nanotubes introduces a large number of nanoscale interconnected pores. The nanoscale pores significantly impede and absorb energy from mid-to-high frequency sound waves, and the network structure improves the connectivity of the pores. Therefore, the mid-to-high frequency sound absorption coefficient will be significantly improved.

[0048] (6) The nano-silica aerogel added in this invention introduces a large number of nano-sized pores, which greatly reduces the overall density; its nano-pores have a strong effect on the scattering and energy dissipation of mid-to-high frequency sound waves, and its open pore structure can also promote the sound waves to penetrate into the interior of the material, significantly improving the sound absorption coefficient at mid-to-high frequencies.

[0049] Therefore, the lightweight sound-absorbing building material prepared by this invention has excellent lightweight properties, flexural strength, and sound absorption and noise reduction capabilities, as well as a wider range of application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0050] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0051] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application effect of the lightweight sound-absorbing building material components of the present invention in the ceiling. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0053] Unless otherwise specified, the following information pertains to some of the raw materials used in the following embodiments and comparative examples of this invention:

[0054] Template agent F127 was Pluronic F127, purchased from Guangzhou Carbon Technology Co., Ltd.; polyvinyl alcohol was purchased from Hubei Baidu Chemical Co., Ltd., item number: BD7606; hollow glass microspheres; borosilicate glass powder was purchased from Shanghai Saikerui Biotechnology Co., Ltd., item number: SRCP-BSGMS-2.2106-125um-10g; nano silica aerogel was purchased from Shanghai Kelaman Reagent Co., Ltd., item number: 091458.

[0055] Example 1: A method for preparing a lightweight sound-absorbing building material is as follows:

[0056] S1: Add 10g of barium acetate monohydrate to 50mL of glacial acetic acid and sonicate for 30min to obtain a barium acetate solution;

[0057] S2: Add 8g tetrabutyl titanate and 1g tetraethyl orthosilicate to 20mL acetylacetone and stir for 30min. Then add 28mL barium acetate solution and 8g template agent F127 and stir in a 55℃ water bath for 6h to obtain core layer spinning solution.

[0058] S3: Add 3g of titanium aluminum carbide to 30g of 40% hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution and stir for 21h. Centrifuge and wash the precipitate 5 times with deionized water. Then add it to 60mL of deionized water and ultrasonically disperse it for 30min under argon atmosphere. Centrifuge to remove the precipitate and obtain MXene colloid.

[0059] S4: Add 12.5 mL of 0.2% graphene aqueous dispersion and 0.5 g of chitosan to 50 mL of MXene colloid and stir for 60 min. Then, perform ultrasonic dispersion at 40 °C for 30 min with a power of 100 W. Then, pre-cool at 3 °C for 1 h, freeze at -25 °C for 6 h, and finally blast freeze with liquid nitrogen at -196 °C. After vacuum drying at -80 °C for 48 h, the composite aerogel is obtained by ball milling at 300 r / min for 30 min.

[0060] S5: Add 1g of composite aerogel and 0.5g of polyacrylic acid to 30mL of anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically disperse at 0℃ for 20min. Then seal and age for 11h to obtain shell spinning solution.

[0061] S6: Electrospinning was performed with a core spinning solution flow rate of 0.5 mL / h, a shell spinning solution flow rate of 1 mL / h, a spinning voltage of 20 kV, a receiving distance of 15 cm, and an ambient humidity of 30%. The fibers were collected using a rotating drum at 100 r / min to obtain the precursor membrane.

[0062] S7: The precursor membrane was vacuum dried at 55℃ for 11h, then heated to 300℃ at 5℃ / min and held for 2h, then heated to 800℃ at 3℃ / min and held for 3h, and finally immersed in a 0.1mol / L silane coupling agent KH-550 ethanol solution at pH 4 and reacted at 55℃ for 4h, and dried with supercritical carbon dioxide at 8MPa and 40℃ for 2h to obtain bilayer fibers;

[0063] S8: Mix 60g of waste foamed ceramic powder, 20g of diatomaceous earth, 10g of hollow glass microspheres, 2g of cellulose nanocrystals, 3g of double-layer fiber, 3.75g of calcium carbonate, and 1.25g of sodium carbonate and stir for 30min. Then add 14g of 5% polyethyleneimine ethanol solution and stir for 5min to obtain the plate composition.

[0064] S9: The plate composition is poured into a mold and molded under 10MPa pressure for 5min. Then, the temperature is raised to 300℃ at 3℃ / min and held for 10min. Then, the temperature is raised to 750℃ at 5℃ / min and held for 20min. Finally, the temperature is raised to 1000℃ at 3℃ / min and held for sintering for 30min. After cooling in the furnace, a porous plate is obtained.

[0065] S10: Add 10g of zinc nitrate hexahydrate to 50mL of anhydrous ethanol and stir for 20min. Then add 2g of potassium citrate and stir for 30min. Then add 3.8g of tetrabutyl titanate. At the same time, adjust the pH to 8 with ammonia. After gelling at 55℃ for 21h, calcine in air at 450℃ for 2h to obtain composite powder.

[0066] S11: Mix 50g of borosilicate glass microspheres, 10g of composite powder, 3g of carbon nanotubes, and 3g of nano-silica aerogel. Then, dry grind the mixture for 2 hours using 340g of zirconia balls with a diameter of 3mm as the medium. Next, add 30mL of deionized water and 10mL of 3% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution and wet grind for 4 hours to obtain the glaze.

[0067] S12: The porous board is ultrasonically atomized with glaze at a frequency of 35kHz, a power of 150W, a spraying pressure of 0.2MPa, and a distance of 15cm. Two layers of glaze are sprayed to form a total glaze layer with a thickness of 0.2mm. The board is first dried at 55℃ for 2 hours, then the temperature is increased to 300℃ at 3℃ / min and held for 10 minutes, and then increased to 700℃ at 5℃ / min and held for 10 minutes. After cooling, a lightweight sound-absorbing building material is obtained.

[0068] Example 2: A method for preparing a lightweight sound-absorbing building material is as follows:

[0069] S1: Add 11g of barium acetate monohydrate to 55mL of glacial acetic acid and sonicate for 40min to obtain a barium acetate solution;

[0070] S2: Add 9g tetrabutyl titanate and 1.1g tetraethyl orthosilicate to 22mL acetylacetone and stir for 40min. Then add 31.5mL barium acetate solution and 9g template agent F127 and stir in a 58℃ water bath for 7h to obtain core-layer spinning solution.

[0071] S3: Add 3.7g of titanium aluminum carbide to 37.5g of 40% hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution and stir for 23h. Centrifuge and wash the precipitate 6 times with deionized water. Then add it to 75mL of deionized water and sonicate under argon atmosphere for 45min. Centrifuge to remove the precipitate to obtain MXene colloid.

[0072] S4: Add 13.7 mL of graphene aqueous dispersion with a mass fraction of 0.2% and 0.55 g of chitosan to 55 mL of MXene colloid and stir for 70 min. Then, perform ultrasonic dispersion at 43 °C for 35 min with a power of 150 W. Then, pre-cool at 4 °C for 1.5 h, freeze at -20 °C for 7 h, and finally blast freeze with liquid nitrogen at -196 °C. After vacuum drying at -75 °C for 49 h, the composite aerogel is obtained by ball milling at 350 r / min for 45 min.

[0073] S5: Add 1.5g of composite aerogel and 0.8g of polyacrylic acid to 45mL of anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically disperse at 5℃ for 25min. Then seal and age for 13h to obtain shell spinning solution.

[0074] S6: Electrospinning was performed with a core spinning solution flow rate of 0.8 mL / h, a shell spinning solution flow rate of 1.5 mL / h, a spinning voltage of 23 kV, a receiving distance of 18 cm, and an ambient humidity of 35%. The fibers were collected using a rotating drum at 150 r / min to obtain the precursor membrane.

[0075] S7: The precursor membrane was vacuum dried at 58℃ for 13h, then heated to 350℃ at 8℃ / min and held for 2.5h, then heated to 830℃ at 4℃ / min and held for 4h, and finally immersed in a 0.1mol / L silane coupling agent KH-550 ethanol solution with pH 4.5 and reacted at 58℃ for 5h, and dried with supercritical carbon dioxide at 9MPa and 43℃ for 3h to obtain bilayer fibers;

[0076] S8: Mix 70g of waste foamed ceramic powder, 30g of diatomaceous earth, 12.5g of hollow glass microspheres, 3g of cellulose nanocrystals, 4g of double-layer fiber, 5g of calcium carbonate, and 2g of sodium carbonate and stir for 40min. Then add 17g of 5% polyethyleneimine ethanol solution and stir for 8min to obtain the plate composition.

[0077] S9: The plate composition is poured into a mold and molded under 13MPa pressure for 7min. Then, the temperature is raised to 400℃ at 4℃ / min and held for 15min. Then, the temperature is raised to 800℃ at 8℃ / min and held for 25min. Finally, the temperature is raised to 1120℃ at 4℃ / min and held for sintering for 35min. After cooling in the furnace, a porous plate is obtained.

[0078] S10: Add 11g of zinc nitrate hexahydrate to 55mL of anhydrous ethanol and stir for 30min. Then add 2.3g of potassium citrate and stir for 40min. Then add 4.2g of tetrabutyl titanate dropwise. At the same time, adjust the pH to 8.5 with ammonia. After gelling at 58℃ for 23h, calcine in air at 500℃ for 3h to obtain composite powder.

[0079] S11: Mix 55g of borosilicate glass microspheres, 11g of composite powder, 3.5g of carbon nanotubes, and 3.5g of nano-silica aerogel. Then, dry grind the mixture for 3 hours using 370g of zirconia balls with a diameter of 3mm as the medium. Next, add 32.5mL of deionized water and 11mL of 3% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution and wet grind for 5 hours to obtain the glaze.

[0080] S12: The porous board is ultrasonically atomized with glaze at a frequency of 38kHz, a power of 180W, a spraying pressure of 0.3MPa, and a distance of 15cm. After spraying three layers of glaze to form a total glaze layer with a thickness of 0.3mm, it is first dried at 58℃ for 3h, then the temperature is increased to 330℃ at 4℃ / min and held for 15min, and then increased to 750℃ at 8℃ / min and held for 13min. After cooling, a lightweight sound-absorbing building material is obtained.

[0081] Example 3: A method for preparing a lightweight sound-absorbing building material is as follows:

[0082] S1: Add 12g of barium acetate monohydrate to 60mL of glacial acetic acid and sonicate for 50min to obtain a barium acetate solution;

[0083] S2: Add 10g tetrabutyl titanate and 1.2g tetraethyl orthosilicate to 24mL acetylacetone and stir for 50min. Then add 35mL barium acetate solution and 10g template agent F127 and stir in a 60℃ water bath for 8h to obtain core-layer spinning solution.

[0084] S3: Add 4.5g of titanium aluminum carbide to 45g of 40% hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution and stir for 25h. Centrifuge and wash the precipitate 7 times with deionized water. Then add it to 90mL of deionized water and ultrasonically disperse it for 30-60min under argon atmosphere. Centrifuge to remove the precipitate and obtain MXene colloid.

[0085] S4: Add 15 mL of 0.2% graphene aqueous dispersion and 0.6 g of chitosan to 60 mL of MXene colloid and stir for 80 min. Then, perform ultrasonic dispersion at 45 °C for 40 min with a power of 200 W. Then, pre-cool at 5 °C for 2 h, freeze at -15 °C for 8 h, and finally blast freeze with liquid nitrogen at -196 °C. After vacuum drying at -70 °C for 50 h, the composite aerogel is obtained by ball milling at 400 r / min for 60 min.

[0086] S5: Add 2g of composite aerogel and 1g of polyacrylic acid to 60mL of anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically disperse at 10℃ for 30min. Then seal and age for 15h to obtain shell spinning solution.

[0087] S6: Electrospinning was performed with a core spinning solution flow rate of 1 mL / h, a shell spinning solution flow rate of 2 mL / h, a spinning voltage of 25 kV, a receiving distance of 20 cm, and an ambient humidity of 40%. The fibers were collected by a rotating drum at 200 r / min to obtain the precursor membrane.

[0088] S7: The precursor membrane was vacuum dried at 60℃ for 15h, then heated to 400℃ at 10℃ / min and held for 3h, then heated to 850℃ at 5℃ / min and held for 5h, and finally immersed in a 0.1mol / L silane coupling agent KH-550 ethanol solution at pH 5 and reacted at 60℃ for 6h, and dried with supercritical carbon dioxide at 10MPa and 45℃ for 4h to obtain bilayer fibers;

[0089] S8: Mix 80g of waste foamed ceramic powder, 40g of diatomaceous earth, 15g of hollow glass microspheres, 4g of cellulose nanocrystals, 5g of double-layer fiber, 6g of calcium carbonate and 3g of sodium carbonate and stir for 50min. Then add 20g of ethanol solution of polyethyleneimine with a mass fraction of 5% and stir for 10min to obtain the plate composition.

[0090] S9: The plate composition is poured into a mold and molded under a pressure of 15MPa for 8 minutes. Then, the temperature is raised to 500℃ at 5℃ / min and held for 20 minutes. Next, the temperature is raised to 850℃ at 10℃ / min and held for 30 minutes. Finally, the temperature is raised to 1250℃ at 5℃ / min and held for sintering for 40 minutes. After cooling in the furnace, a porous plate is obtained.

[0091] S10: Add 12g of zinc nitrate hexahydrate to 60mL of anhydrous ethanol and stir for 40min. Then add 2.5g of sodium citrate and stir for 50min. Then add 4.6g of tetrabutyl titanate. At the same time, adjust the pH to 9 with ammonia. After gelling at 60℃ for 25h, calcine in air at 550℃ for 4h to obtain composite powder.

[0092] S11: Mix 60g of borosilicate glass microspheres, 12g of composite powder, 4g of carbon nanotubes, and 4g of nano-silica aerogel. Then, dry grind the mixture for 4 hours using 400g of zirconia balls with a diameter of 3mm as the medium. Next, add 35mL of deionized water and 12mL of 3% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution and wet grind for 6 hours to obtain the glaze.

[0093] S12: The porous board is ultrasonically atomized with glaze at a frequency of 40kHz, a power of 200W, a spraying pressure of 0.4MPa, and a distance of 15cm. After spraying three layers of glaze to form a total glaze layer with a thickness of 0.5mm, it is first dried at 60℃ for 4h, then the temperature is increased to 350℃ at 5℃ / min and held for 20min, and then increased to 800℃ at 10℃ / min and held for 15min. After cooling, a lightweight sound-absorbing building material is obtained.

[0094] Comparative Example 1:

[0095] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example only differs in that "graphene aqueous dispersion" is added during the preparation process of S4. All other steps and parameters are the same, and will not be repeated here. The final result is a lightweight sound-absorbing building material.

[0096] Comparative Example 2:

[0097] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example only did not add "chitosan" in the preparation process of S4. All other steps and parameters were the same, and will not be repeated here. The final result was a lightweight sound-absorbing building material.

[0098] Comparative Example 3:

[0099] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example only did not add "hollow glass microspheres" in the preparation process of S8. All other steps and parameters were the same, and will not be repeated here. The final result is a lightweight sound-absorbing building material.

[0100] Comparative Example 4:

[0101] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example only did not add "cellulose nanocrystals" in the preparation process of S8. All other steps and parameters were the same, and will not be repeated here. The final result was a lightweight sound-absorbing building material.

[0102] Comparative Example 5:

[0103] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example only did not add "double-layer fiber" in the preparation process of S8. All other steps and parameters were the same, and will not be repeated here. The final result is a lightweight sound-absorbing building material.

[0104] Comparative Example 6:

[0105] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example only did not add "composite powder" in the preparation process of S11. All other steps and parameters are the same, and will not be repeated here. The final result is a lightweight sound-absorbing building material.

[0106] Comparative Example 7:

[0107] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example only did not add "carbon nanotubes" in the preparation process of S11. All other steps and parameters were the same, and will not be repeated here. The final result was a lightweight sound-absorbing building material.

[0108] Comparative Example 8:

[0109] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example only did not add "nano-silica aerogel" in the preparation process of S11. All other steps and parameters were the same, and will not be repeated here. The final result was a lightweight sound-absorbing building material.

[0110] Performance testing:

[0111] Density determination:

[0112] Referring to the standard GB / T 5486.3-2001 Test Methods for Inorganic Rigid Thermal Insulation Products Part 3: Determination of Density and Moisture Content, the densities (kg·m³) of the lightweight sound-absorbing building materials prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-8 of this invention were determined. -3 The measurement results are shown in Table 1.

[0113] Determination of flexural strength:

[0114] Referring to GB / T 6569-2006 "Test Method for Bending Strength of Fine Ceramics", the flexural strength (bending strength, MPa) of the lightweight sound-absorbing building materials prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-8 of this invention was determined, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0115] Measurement of sound absorption coefficient:

[0116] Referring to GB / T 20247-2006 "Sound Absorption Measurement of Acoustic Reverberation Chamber", the sound absorption coefficients of the lightweight sound-absorbing building materials prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-8 of this invention were measured at 250Hz, 500Hz, 1000Hz, and 2000Hz. The measurement results are shown in Table 1.

[0117] Table 1: Performance test results of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-8

[0118] ;

[0119] Data Analysis:

[0120] As can be seen from Table 1, the lightweight sound-absorbing building material prepared in the embodiments of the present invention has excellent lightweight properties, flexural strength, and sound absorption and noise reduction capabilities.

[0121] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of one embodiment of the present invention, but this description is merely a preferred embodiment and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent variations and modifications made within the scope of the claims of this invention should still fall within the patent coverage of this invention.

Claims

1. A lightweight sound absorbing building material, characterized by, The lightweight sound-absorbing building material consists of a porous plate and a glaze layer on the surface of the porous plate; The glaze layer is formed by spraying glaze onto the surface of the perforated plate; The porous plate is formed by sintering a plate-forming composition; The board composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of waste foamed ceramic powder, 20-40 parts of diatomaceous earth, 10-15 parts of hollow glass microspheres, 2-4 parts of cellulose nanocrystals, 3-5 parts of bilayer fiber, 5-9 parts of foaming agent, and 14-20 parts of ethanol solution of polyethyleneimine. The bilayer fiber is a core-shell structure composite fiber with a mesoporous barium titanate-silica composite phase as the core and an MXene-graphene composite phase as the shell. The preparation method of the glaze is as follows; C1: Add zinc nitrate hexahydrate to anhydrous ethanol and stir for 20-40 min, then add chelating agent and stir for 30-50 min, then add tetrabutyl titanate dropwise, while adjusting the pH to 8-9, gel at 55-60℃ for 21-25 h, and then calcine in air at 450-550℃ for 2-4 h to obtain composite powder; C2: Borosilicate glass microspheres, composite powder, carbon nanotubes, and nano-silica aerogel are mixed, and then dry-milled for 2-4 hours using zirconia balls as a medium. Then, deionized water and polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution are added and wet-milled for 4-6 hours to obtain the glaze. The ratio of anhydrous ethanol, zinc nitrate hexahydrate, chelating agent, and tetrabutyl titanate in C1 is 50-60 mL: 10-12 g: 2-2.5 g: 3.8-4.6 g; The chelating agent mentioned in C1 is either potassium citrate or sodium citrate; The ratio of borosilicate glass microspheres, composite powder, carbon nanotubes, nano-silica aerogel, zirconia spheres, deionized water, and polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution in C2 is 50-60g: 10-12g: 3-4g: 3-4g: 340-400g: 30-35mL: 10-12mL. The mass fraction of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution described in C2 is 3%.

2. The lightweight acoustical building material of claim 1, wherein, The method for preparing the porous plate is as follows: A1: Mix waste foamed ceramic powder, diatomaceous earth, hollow glass microspheres, cellulose nanocrystals, double-layer fibers, and foaming agent and stir for 30-50 minutes. Then add ethanol solution of polyethyleneimine and stir for 5-10 minutes to obtain a slab composition. A2: The plate composition is poured into a mold and molded under a pressure of 10-15MPa for 5-8 minutes. After sintering, it is cooled in the furnace to obtain a porous plate.

3. The lightweight sound-absorbing building material according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mass fraction of the polyethyleneimine ethanol solution described in A1 is 5%; The foaming agent described in A1 is a mixture of calcium carbonate and sodium carbonate; the mass ratio of calcium carbonate to sodium carbonate is 2-3:

1.

4. The lightweight sound-absorbing building material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the bilayer fiber is as follows: B1: Add tetrabutyl titanate and tetraethyl orthosilicate to acetylacetone and stir well. Then add barium acetate solution and template agent F127 and stir at 55-60℃ for 6-8 hours to obtain core-layer spinning solution. B2: Add titanium aluminum carbide to hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution and stir for 21-25h. After centrifugation and washing of the precipitate, add it to deionized water and ultrasonically disperse it for 30-60min under argon atmosphere. Centrifuge to remove the precipitate to obtain MXene colloid. B3: Add graphene aqueous dispersion and chitosan to MXene colloid and stir for 60-80 min. Then, perform ultrasonic dispersion at 40-45℃ for 30-40 min, freeze dry, and ball mill for 30-60 min to obtain composite aerogel. B4: Add composite aerogel and polyacrylic acid to anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically disperse at 0-10℃ for 20-30 min, then seal and age for 11-15 h to obtain shell spinning solution; B5: The precursor membrane is obtained by electrospinning with a core spinning solution flow rate of 0.5-1 mL / h, a shell spinning solution flow rate of 1-2 mL / h, and a spinning voltage of 20-25 kV. B6: After vacuum drying of the precursor membrane, it is first calcined at 300-400℃ for 2-3 hours, then calcined at 800-850℃ for 3-5 hours, and finally immersed in silane coupling agent KH-550 ethanol solution and reacted at 55-60℃ for 4-6 hours. After drying with supercritical carbon dioxide, bilayer fibers are obtained.

5. The lightweight sound-absorbing building material according to claim 4, characterized in that, The dosage ratio of tetrabutyl titanate, tetraethyl orthosilicate, acetylacetone, barium acetate solution, and template agent F127 in B1 is 8-10g: 1-1.2g: 20-24mL: 28-35mL: 8-10g; The barium acetate solution described in B1 is obtained by mixing glacial acetic acid and barium acetate monohydrate; the ratio of glacial acetic acid to barium acetate monohydrate is 50-60 mL: 10-12 g; The mass ratio of hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution, titanium aluminum carbide, and deionized water in B2 is 30-45:3-4.5:60-90; The hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution described in B2 has a mass fraction of 40%; The ratio of MXene colloid, graphene aqueous dispersion, and chitosan described in B3 is 50-60 mL: 12.5-15 mL: 0.5-0.6 g; The mass fraction of the graphene aqueous dispersion described in B3 is 0.2%; The ratio of anhydrous ethanol, composite aerogel, and polyacrylic acid described in B4 is 30-60 mL: 1-2 g: 0.5-1 g; The concentration of the silane coupling agent KH-550 ethanol solution described in B6 is 0.1 mol / L, and the pH is 4-5.

6. The method for preparing a lightweight sound-absorbing building material according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The porous board is ultrasonically atomized and sprayed with glaze. After spraying 2-3 layers of glaze to form a total glaze layer with a thickness of 0.2-0.5 mm, it is first dried at 55-60℃ for 2-4 hours, then calcined at 300-350℃ for 10-20 minutes, and then calcined at 700-800℃ for 10-15 minutes. After cooling, a lightweight sound-absorbing building material is obtained.

7. A lightweight sound-absorbing building material used in suspended ceilings, characterized in that, The lightweight sound-absorbing building material according to any one of claims 1-6 is applied.

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