Alternating current quantum current transformer and method for measuring primary side current

Abstract

The invention discloses an alternating current quantum current transformer for measuring primary side current, and belongs to the technical field of electric power measurement and calibration. The invention comprises: a magnetic circuit structure for generating an alternating magnetic flux based on a primary current of a primary wire; the magnetic flux leading-out structure is used for exciting a voltage signal based on the alternating magnetic flux and generating a compensation magnetic field corresponding to the alternating magnetic flux change of the magnetic circuit structure through the voltage signal; the quantum magnetic measurement unit is used for monitoring the compensation magnetic field and generating a monitoring signal; and the signal processing terminal is used for outputting a primary side current value based on the monitoring signal. The quantum magnetic measurement unit is adopted to measure the magnetic field, the primary side current value is calculated through the magnetic field, and the precision of the obtained primary side current value is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power measurement and calibration technology, and more specifically, to an AC quantum current transformer and method for measuring primary current. Background Technology

[0002] In the process of intelligent and digital development of modern power systems, AC current transformers, as core equipment for power parameter measurement and relay protection, directly affect the safety and economy of power grid operation due to their measurement accuracy and stability. Traditional electromagnetic current transformers (CTs) are based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, achieving large current transformation through magnetic coupling of the iron core. On the secondary side, a precision resistor (usually a manganin or nickel-chromium alloy shunt) is used to convert the current signal into a voltage signal for sampling.

[0003] However, this resistance sampling circuit faces multiple accuracy degradation issues during long-term operation, becoming a key bottleneck restricting measurement accuracy. Specific problems include:

[0004] Aging effect of resistive materials:

[0005] Long-term current flow causes changes in the crystal structure of the resistance alloy, resulting in irreversible drift in resistance (typical aging rate of 0.1% / year). Especially in distribution networks with frequent load fluctuations, more than 5,000 thermal cycles can cause the resistance deviation to exceed 0.3%.

[0006] Temperature coefficient nonlinearity:

[0007] The temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of a shunt resistor is typically ±20ppm / ℃, but in actual operating conditions, there is a temperature gradient between the resistor and the connection point. When the ambient temperature changes from -40℃ to +85℃, the additional error caused by the nonlinearity of the TCR can reach 0.15%, and this cannot be completely eliminated by conventional temperature compensation.

[0008] Deterioration of high-frequency characteristics:

[0009] The high-order harmonics (>2kHz) caused by the grid connection of new energy sources lead to a significant skin effect and parasitic inductance effect in the resistor, causing the impedance modulus to deviate from the nominal value (the deviation is >1% at 10kHz), resulting in a harmonic power measurement error of more than 5%.

[0010] Cumulative error in power coefficient:

[0011] The self-heating effect of the resistor increases exponentially with the increase of current. Under 120% overload conditions, the temperature rise of the resistor can reach 80K. The additional error introduced by the power factor (PCR≥300ppm / W) exceeds 0.08%, and this error is time-varying and unpredictable.

[0012] These resistance-related errors, coupled with the nonlinear errors of the iron core (hysteresis + saturation) and the errors of the winding distributed parameters, lead to the degradation of the accuracy and stability of traditional CTs throughout their entire life cycle. After 5 years of operation, the actual error curve of a laboratory 0.2S class current transformer may degrade to the 1.0 class level, causing not only an annual economic loss of tens of millions of yuan in metering, but also a chain of failures due to the deviation of relay protection action values ​​(such as 10% error curve inaccuracy). Summary of the Invention

[0013] To address the above problems, this invention proposes an AC quantum current transformer for measuring primary current, comprising:

[0014] A magnetic circuit structure used to generate alternating magnetic flux based on a primary current in a primary conductor;

[0015] A magnetic flux extraction structure is used to generate a voltage signal based on the alternating magnetic flux, and to generate a compensation magnetic field corresponding to the alternating magnetic flux change of the magnetic circuit structure through the voltage signal.

[0016] A quantum magnetic measurement unit is used to monitor the compensation magnetic field and generate a monitoring signal;

[0017] A signal processing terminal is used to output the primary current value based on the monitoring signal.

[0018] Optional magnetic circuit structure, including: main magnetic yoke;

[0019] The main magnetic yoke is a C-shaped closed magnetic circuit structure or a spliced ​​structure of two U-shaped magnetic yokes.

[0020] Optionally, the joint surfaces of the upper and lower U-shaped magnetic yokes are mirror-polished and coated with magnetic silicone grease.

[0021] Optionally, the primary conductor passes through the center of the magnetic circuit structure and forms a single-turn primary winding.

[0022] Optionally, when a primary current in a primary conductor passes through a magnetic circuit structure, the magnetic circuit structure generates an alternating magnetic flux according to the magnitude of the primary current.

[0023] Optional, the flux extraction structure includes: a flux induction coil, a low-noise amplifier, and a hollow load coil;

[0024] The magnetic flux induction coil is uniformly wound on the magnetic circuit structure, and the output end of the magnetic flux induction coil is connected to the low noise amplifier, which is connected to the air-core load coil.

[0025] Optionally, after the flux induction coil of the flux extraction structure senses the alternating magnetic flux of the magnetic circuit structure, it generates a voltage signal. The voltage signal is amplified by the low-noise amplifier of the flux extraction structure and then input to the hollow load coil of the flux extraction structure. The amplified voltage signal drives the hollow load coil to generate a compensating magnetic field corresponding to the alternating magnetic flux change of the magnetic circuit structure.

[0026] Optionally, the quantum magnetic measurement unit uses a diamond nitrogen-vacancy NV color center quantum magnetic sensor as the core sensing unit.

[0027] Optionally, the signal processing terminal determines the compensation magnetic field corresponding to the alternating magnetic flux change of the magnetic circuit structure based on the monitoring signal, and establishes a mathematical mapping relationship between the compensation magnetic field and the primary current through Ampere's circuital law. Based on the mathematical mapping relationship, it determines the initial value of the primary current, and outputs the primary current value after processing the initial value of the primary current through a phase-locked amplification and error compensation algorithm.

[0028] Furthermore, the present invention also proposes a method for measuring primary side current, comprising:

[0029] Alternating magnetic flux is generated by the magnetic circuit structure based on the primary current in the primary conductor;

[0030] The magnetic flux extraction structure generates a voltage signal based on the alternating magnetic flux, and generates a compensation magnetic field corresponding to the alternating magnetic flux change of the magnetic circuit structure through the voltage signal.

[0031] The compensation magnetic field is monitored by a quantum magnetic measurement unit, and a monitoring signal is generated.

[0032] The primary current value is output by the signal processing terminal based on the monitoring signal.

[0033] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a computing device, comprising: one or more processors;

[0034] A processor is used to execute one or more programs;

[0035] When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the method described above is implemented.

[0036] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed, implements the method described above.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0038] This invention provides an AC quantum current transformer for measuring primary current, comprising: a magnetic circuit structure for generating alternating magnetic flux based on the primary current of a primary conductor; a magnetic flux extraction structure for generating a voltage signal based on the alternating magnetic flux, and generating a compensation magnetic field corresponding to the change in alternating magnetic flux of the magnetic circuit structure through the voltage signal; a quantum magnetic measurement unit for monitoring the compensation magnetic field and generating a monitoring signal; and a signal processing terminal for outputting the primary current value based on the monitoring signal. This invention uses a quantum magnetic measurement unit to measure the magnetic field and calculates the primary current value through the magnetic field, resulting in a highly accurate primary current value. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the AC quantum current transformer of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic flux extraction structure and quantum magnetic measurement unit of the AC quantum current transformer of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the correspondence between the quantum magnetic measurement signal and the magnetic flux in the yoke in the AC quantum current transformer of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0042] Exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. These embodiments are provided to fully and completely disclose the invention and to fully convey its scope to those skilled in the art. The terminology used in the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings is not intended to limit the invention. In the drawings, the same units / elements are referred to by the same reference numerals.

[0043] Unless otherwise stated, the terms used herein (including technical terms) have their common meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, it is understood that terms defined in commonly used dictionaries should be understood to have a meaning consistent with the context of their relevant field, and not to be interpreted as having an idealized or overly formal meaning.

[0044] Example 1:

[0045] This invention proposes an AC quantum current transformer for measuring primary current, comprising:

[0046] A magnetic circuit structure used to generate alternating magnetic flux based on a primary current in a primary conductor;

[0047] A magnetic flux extraction structure is used to generate a voltage signal based on the alternating magnetic flux, and to generate a compensation magnetic field corresponding to the alternating magnetic flux change of the magnetic circuit structure through the voltage signal.

[0048] A quantum magnetic measurement unit is used to monitor the compensation magnetic field and generate a monitoring signal;

[0049] A signal processing terminal is used to output the primary current value based on the monitoring signal.

[0050] The magnetic circuit structure includes: the main magnetic yoke;

[0051] The main magnetic yoke is a C-shaped closed magnetic circuit structure or a spliced ​​structure of two U-shaped magnetic yokes.

[0052] The joint surfaces of the upper and lower U-shaped magnetic yokes are mirror-polished and coated with magnetic silicone grease.

[0053] In this circuit, a primary conductor passes through the center of the magnetic circuit structure and forms a single-turn primary winding.

[0054] When a primary current flows through a magnetic circuit structure, the magnetic circuit structure generates alternating magnetic flux according to the magnitude of the primary current.

[0055] The magnetic flux extraction structure includes: a magnetic flux induction coil, a low-noise amplifier, and a hollow load coil.

[0056] The magnetic flux induction coil is uniformly wound on the magnetic circuit structure, and the output end of the magnetic flux induction coil is connected to the low noise amplifier, which is connected to the air-core load coil.

[0057] In this structure, the flux induction coil of the flux extraction structure generates a voltage signal after sensing the alternating magnetic flux of the magnetic circuit structure. The voltage signal is amplified by the low-noise amplifier of the flux extraction structure and then input to the hollow load coil of the flux extraction structure. The amplified voltage signal drives the hollow load coil to generate a compensating magnetic field corresponding to the alternating magnetic flux change of the magnetic circuit structure.

[0058] The quantum magnetic measurement unit uses a diamond nitrogen-vacancy NV color center quantum magnetic sensor as its core sensing unit.

[0059] The signal processing terminal determines the compensation magnetic field corresponding to the alternating magnetic flux change of the magnetic circuit structure based on the monitoring signal, and establishes a mathematical mapping relationship between the compensation magnetic field and the primary current through Ampere's circuital law. Based on the mathematical mapping relationship, it determines the initial value of the primary current, and outputs the primary current value after processing the initial value of the primary current through a phase-locked amplification and error compensation algorithm.

[0060] The following combination Figure 1The present invention will be further described as follows:

[0061] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention includes:

[0062] The quantum magnetic measurement system (unit) consists of four main parts: a proportional coil magnetic circuit structure, a magnetic flux extraction and signal processing terminal. Each part achieves low-noise signal transmission via electromagnetically shielded cables. The overall structure is as follows: Figure 1 As shown

[0063] (1) Quantum magnetic measurement system, such as Figure 2 As shown:

[0064] This sensor employs a diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color center quantum magnetic sensor as its core sensing unit. Based on the defect structure formed by nitrogen atoms replacing carbon atoms in a diamond crystal, it generates an electron spin magnetic resonance effect under the combined action of microwaves and lasers, achieving quantum-level measurement of magnetic fields. This sensor offers the following technical advantages:

[0065] Ultra-high sensitivity: Magnetic field sensitivity can reach 5 nT / √Hz at room temperature, meeting 10 -9 The need to monitor subtle magnetic field changes on the order of terabytes (T);

[0066] Wide dynamic range: It can measure magnetic field strength from 0 to 100 mT, covering the magnetic field sensing range from power frequency current to impulse current;

[0067] Excellent frequency characteristics: The response bandwidth reaches 0 to 100 MHz, which can accurately capture the alternating magnetic field signal generated by alternating current.

[0068] (2) Magnetic circuit structure:

[0069] The magnetic circuit structure serves as the physical basis of the AC quantum current transformer. Its design adheres to the law of conservation of magnetic flux (∮B·dS=0) and Ampere's circuital law (∮H·dl=ΣI). By constructing a low magnetic reluctance path using high-permeability materials, it achieves efficient magnetic field concentration and magnetic loop closure in the primary conductor. This ensures efficient magnetic field concentration while providing an interference-free sensing space for quantum magnetic measurements. The main yoke employs a C-shaped closed magnetic circuit structure or is formed by splicing two U-shaped yokes. The splicing surface is mirror-polished and coated with magnetically conductive silicone grease (permeability ≥500) to reduce magnetic reluctance. The primary conductor passes through the central hole of the main yoke, forming a single-turn primary winding.

[0070] (3) Magnetic flux extraction, such as Figure 2 As shown:

[0071] A flux induction coil with N1 turns is uniformly wound on the main magnetic yoke. The coil is wound with enameled wire. When there is an alternating magnetic flux Φ in the main magnetic yoke, the induction coil generates an induced voltage e = N1·dΦ / dt;

[0072] An induced voltage e is applied to an air-core load coil (number of turns N2 = N1). This coil generates a magnetic field in the air that is opposite to the direction of change in the magnetic flux of the main yoke, forming a magnetic balance feedback loop. The load coil uses an air-core structure to avoid magnetic saturation problems. The magnetic field strength it generates, H = NI / L (N is the number of turns, I is the current, and L is the equivalent length of the coil), can accurately characterize the change in magnetic flux in the main yoke.

[0073] (4) Signal processing unit:

[0074] When the primary current I1 flows through the main magnetic yoke, the resulting alternating magnetic flux induces a voltage signal in the induction coil. This signal, amplified by a low-noise amplifier, drives the air-core load coil to generate a compensation magnetic field that precisely corresponds to the change in the main magnetic yoke's flux. A diamond NV color center quantum magnetic sensor monitors the load coil's magnetic field in real time and feeds the data back to the signal processing unit. A mathematical mapping relationship between the magnetic field and the primary current is established using Ampere's circuital law. After lock-in amplification and error compensation algorithms, the primary current value is accurately output. The relationship between the error and the primary current is as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0075] This invention provides an AC quantum current transformer that eliminates traditional resistance sampling errors through quantum magnetic measurement technology and magnetic circuit co-design. Its specific effects include:

[0076] High precision: Employing quantum magnetic measurement technology, the measurement sensitivity and accuracy are improved by several orders of magnitude compared to traditional resistance sampling;

[0077] Interference resistance and environmental adaptability: The NV color center is used to directly measure magnetic flux change, replacing physical resistance sampling, thus avoiding problems such as material aging, temperature drift, and self-heating effects;

[0078] No impact on the original yoke: The ingenious arrangement of the induction coil enables non-contact, lossless coupling of the magnetic flux within the yoke. This coil can accurately sense the alternating magnetic flux inside the yoke without altering its structure and transmit this flux information (in the form of an induced voltage) to the outside without loss.

[0079] Current measurement is unaffected by vibration: This solves the problem of traditional point magnetic measurement being affected by vibration, etc. The load coil constructs a solenoid magnetic field, and the magnetic field uniformity in the central region is very high.

[0080] The general implementation steps of this invention include:

[0081] Step 1: Magnetic flux generation and induced voltage generation:

[0082] Process Description: The primary current I1 flows through a single-turn primary conductor passing through the central hole of the main yoke, generating an alternating magnetic flux Φ in the magnetic circuit. The magnetic circuit uses a high-permeability material (such as a C-type or U-type spliced ​​structure) and ensures low magnetic resistance through mirror polishing and the use of magnetically conductive silicone grease (permeability ≥ 500), achieving efficient magnetic field concentration and closure. A flux induction coil (number of turns N1, enameled wire) uniformly wound on the main yoke senses the change in magnetic flux, generating an induced voltage:

[0083]

[0084] Step 2: Establishing the feedback magnetic field:

[0085] Process Description: The induced voltage e is amplified by a low-noise amplifier and then applied to an air-core load coil (turns N2 = N1). This coil generates a magnetic field in the air opposite to the direction of change of the main yoke flux, forming a magnetic balance feedback loop. Magnetic field strength of the load coil:

[0086]

[0087] (Where N is the number of turns, I is the driving current, and L is the equivalent length of the coil) accurately characterizes the change in magnetic flux Φ in the main yoke. The hollow structure avoids magnetic saturation and ensures linear feedback.

[0088] Step 3: Real-time monitoring of quantum magnetic field:

[0089] Process Description: A diamond NV color center quantum magnetic sensor monitors the magnetic field generated by the load coil in real time (based on the output of step 2). The sensor converts the magnetic field strength H data into an electrical signal and feeds it back to the signal processing unit. The quantum sensor operates in an air environment, is unaffected by magnetic circuit materials, and provides high-sensitivity, low-noise magnetic field measurement, directly corresponding to changes in magnetic flux.

[0090] Step 4: Signal Processing and Current Output:

[0091] Process Description: The signal processing unit is based on Ampere's circuital law:

[0092] ∮H·dl=∑I

[0093] Establish the mathematical mapping relationship between the magnetic field H of the load coil and the primary current I1:

[0094] I1∝HL

[0095] Subsequently, the fundamental component of the signal is extracted using lock-in amplification technology, and the system deviation is eliminated through error compensation algorithms (such as temperature or nonlinear correction), ultimately outputting the primary current value accurately.

[0096] (2) Real-world examples:

[0097] Analyzing a real-world case, the primary current I1 ranges from 100-1000A, the frequency is 50Hz, it is a sinusoidal waveform, and the yoke dimensions are:

[0098] Inner diameter: 30cm = 0.3m (inner radius r) inner =0.15m)

[0099] Outer diameter: 40cm = 0.4m (outer radius r) outer =0.2m)

[0100] Thickness (axial height): 5cm

[0101] The induction winding has N1 = 500 turns, wound with 0.2mm diameter enameled wire. The load winding has N2 = N1 = 500 turns, with a closely wound solenoid structure (hollow). Assume the relative permeability μ of the yoke is... r =1000.

[0102] 1. Magnetic flux density (B) in the yoke:

[0103] The yoke is a closed loop magnetic circuit, with a single turn of the primary conductor passing through the central hole (Nprimary = 1). The magnetic flux density B is calculated from the magnetic flux generated by the primary current.

[0104] Average magnetic path length:

[0105]

[0106] l mean =2πr avg =2π×0.175≈1.0996m

[0107] Cross-sectional area:

[0108] A=(r outer -r inner )×thickness=(0.2-0.15)×0.05=0.0025m 2

[0109] Magnetic field strength H:

[0110]

[0111] Magnetic induction intensity B:

[0112] B peak =μ r μ0H peak

[0113] B peak =1000×1.2566×10 -6 ×1286.0≈1.616T

[0114] 2. The induced voltage (e) of the induction coil:

[0115] An induction coil (N1 = 500 turns) is wound on a magnetic yoke, and the induced voltage is calculated from the rate of change of magnetic flux.

[0116] Induced voltage e (peak value):

[0117]

[0118] ω = 2π × 50 = 314.16 rad / s

[0119] e peak =N1Φ peak ω=500×0.00404×314.16≈634.5V

[0120] 3. Magnetic field (H) at the center point of the load winding:

[0121] The load coil is a hollow, tightly wound solenoid (N2 = 500 turns). Using a tightly wound solenoid structure, when equilibrium is reached, according to the ampere-turn balance principle, the induced voltage in the solenoid at this point is: Ampere-turn balance: N primary I1=N2I load ,

[0122]

[0123]

[0124] The corresponding magnetic field strength H (peak value) is approximated by a long solenoid, and end effects are ignored:

[0125] H = NI / L

[0126] Where L = 0.1m, the estimated peak magnetic field strength at the center point of the load coil is:

[0127]

[0128] According to the formula for magnetic flux density, the magnetic flux density B (peak value) at the center point is:

[0129] B=μ0H peak =4×π×10 -7 ×14140=0.0177T=177Gs

[0130] The calculations above show that when the effective value of the primary current is 1000A, the magnetic flux density in the load coil is 177Gs. Since the quantum magnetic measurement sensitivity can reach 10⁻⁵Gs, the theoretical measurement accuracy of the current can be approximately 10⁻⁵Gs. -7This represents an improvement of approximately three orders of magnitude compared to traditional resistance measurement methods. Furthermore, when the effective value of the primary current is 1A (corresponding to 0.1% of the measurement range), the magnetic flux density at the center point is 0.177 Gs, maintaining an accuracy of 10 for quantum magnetic measurement capabilities. -4 Often at this point, resistance-based measurement methods have already become ineffective.

[0131] Example 2:

[0132] The present invention also proposes a method for measuring primary side current, comprising:

[0133] Alternating magnetic flux is generated by the magnetic circuit structure based on the primary current in the primary conductor;

[0134] The magnetic flux extraction structure generates a voltage signal based on the alternating magnetic flux, and generates a compensation magnetic field corresponding to the alternating magnetic flux change of the magnetic circuit structure through the voltage signal.

[0135] The compensation magnetic field is monitored by a quantum magnetic measurement unit, and a monitoring signal is generated.

[0136] The primary current value is output by the signal processing terminal based on the monitoring signal.

[0137] This invention uses a quantum magnetic measurement unit to measure the magnetic field and calculates the primary current value through the magnetic field, resulting in a high accuracy of the primary current value.

[0138] Example 3:

[0139] Based on the same inventive concept, this invention also provides a computer device, which includes a processor and a memory. The memory stores a computer program, which includes program instructions. The processor executes the program instructions stored in the computer storage medium. The processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. It is the computing and control core of the terminal, suitable for implementing one or more instructions, specifically suitable for loading and executing one or more instructions in the computer storage medium to implement corresponding method flows or corresponding functions, thereby implementing the steps of the methods in the above embodiments.

[0140] Example 4:

[0141] Based on the same inventive concept, this invention also provides a storage medium, specifically a computer-readable storage medium (Memory), which is a memory device in a computer device used to store programs and data. It is understood that the computer-readable storage medium here can include both the built-in storage medium in the computer device and extended storage media supported by the computer device. The computer-readable storage medium provides storage space that stores the terminal's operating system. Furthermore, this storage space also stores one or more instructions suitable for loading and execution by a processor. These instructions can be one or more computer programs (including program code). It should be noted that the computer-readable storage medium here can be high-speed RAM or non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device. The processor can load and execute one or more instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium to implement the steps of the method in the above embodiments.

[0142] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code. The solutions in the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented using various computer languages, such as the object-oriented programming language Java and the interpreted scripting language JavaScript.

[0143] The present invention is described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, as well as combinations of processes and / or blocks in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0144] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0145] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A step that specifies a function in one or more boxes.

[0146] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0147] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An AC quantum current transformer for measuring primary current, characterized in that, include: A magnetic circuit structure used to generate alternating magnetic flux based on a primary current in a primary conductor; A magnetic flux extraction structure is used to generate a voltage signal based on the alternating magnetic flux, and to generate a compensation magnetic field corresponding to the alternating magnetic flux change of the magnetic circuit structure through the voltage signal. A quantum magnetic measurement unit is used to monitor the compensation magnetic field and generate a monitoring signal; A signal processing terminal is used to output the primary current value based on the monitoring signal.

2. The AC quantum current transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic circuit structure includes: a main magnetic yoke; The main magnetic yoke is a C-shaped closed magnetic circuit structure or a spliced ​​structure of two U-shaped magnetic yokes.

3. The AC quantum current transformer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The joint surfaces of the upper and lower U-shaped magnetic yokes are mirror-polished and coated with magnetic silicone grease.

4. The AC quantum current transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The primary conductor passes through the center of the magnetic circuit structure and forms a single-turn primary winding.

5. The AC quantum current transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the primary current of the primary conductor passes through the magnetic circuit structure, the magnetic circuit structure generates alternating magnetic flux according to the magnitude of the primary current.

6. The AC quantum current transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic flux extraction structure includes: a magnetic flux induction coil, a low-noise amplifier, and a hollow load coil; The magnetic flux induction coil is uniformly wound on the magnetic circuit structure, and the output end of the magnetic flux induction coil is connected to the low noise amplifier, which is connected to the air-core load coil.

7. The AC quantum current transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the flux induction coil of the flux extraction structure senses the alternating magnetic flux of the magnetic circuit structure, it generates a voltage signal. The voltage signal is amplified by the low-noise amplifier of the flux extraction structure and then input to the hollow load coil of the flux extraction structure. The amplified voltage signal drives the hollow load coil to generate a compensating magnetic field corresponding to the alternating magnetic flux change of the magnetic circuit structure.

8. The AC quantum current transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The quantum magnetic measurement unit uses a diamond nitrogen-vacancy NV color center quantum magnetic sensor as its core sensing unit.

9. The AC quantum current transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal processing terminal determines the compensation magnetic field corresponding to the alternating magnetic flux change of the magnetic circuit structure based on the monitoring signal, and establishes a mathematical mapping relationship between the compensation magnetic field and the primary current through Ampere's circuital law. Based on the mathematical mapping relationship, it determines the initial value of the primary current, and outputs the primary current value after processing the initial value of the primary current through a phase-locked amplification and error compensation algorithm.

10. A method for measuring primary-side current using an AC quantum current transformer for measuring primary-side current as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: Alternating magnetic flux is generated by the magnetic circuit structure based on the primary current in the primary conductor; The magnetic flux extraction structure generates a voltage signal based on the alternating magnetic flux, and generates a compensation magnetic field corresponding to the alternating magnetic flux change of the magnetic circuit structure through the voltage signal. The compensation magnetic field is monitored by a quantum magnetic measurement unit, and a monitoring signal is generated. The primary current value is output by the signal processing terminal based on the monitoring signal.

11. A computer device, characterized in that, include: One or more processors; A processor is used to execute one or more programs; When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the method of claim 10 is implemented.

12. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, It contains a computer program, which, when executed, implements the method as described in claim 10.

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