Intelligent water-saving regulation and control method and system for water conservancy project

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent regulation and control, in particular to an intelligent water-saving regulation and control method and system for hydraulic engineering, and the method comprises the steps: monitoring the soil water potential of a plurality of soil layers in a farmland root zone, obtaining the soil water potential values of a plurality of depths, recording and calculating the water potential gradient of the current crop root zone according to a time sequence, and evaluating the water potential change trend of the current crop root zone; and acquiring water potential change information of the root zone. By calculating the water supply and demand deviation of crops, ensuring that the irrigation amount is matched with the growth demand of the crops, and analyzing the water storage capacity of different soil types, the irrigation water amount adjustment is more targeted, the water resource utilization efficiency is improved, and the water supply flow of the canal is matched in combination with the real-time monitoring of the soil water absorption rate. The water supply rate and the soil permeability characteristic are kept consistent, the water loss is reduced, the precipitation and evapotranspiration comparison correction is introduced, accurate regulation and control based on the dynamic environment change are achieved, irrigation period optimization is more adaptive, and the reasonability of water resource scheduling is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intelligent control technology, and in particular to an intelligent water-saving control method and system for water conservancy projects. Background Technology

[0002] The field of intelligent control technology involves system control methods based on automatic control, computer technology, and intelligent algorithms, and is widely used in industrial automation, energy management, water resource allocation, and environmental monitoring. The core of this technology lies in achieving real-time regulation and optimized control of complex systems through the synergistic effect of sensors, controllers, computer systems, and optimization algorithms. Intelligent control systems typically employ various mathematical modeling methods, including fuzzy control, neural networks, adaptive control, and optimal control, to ensure the efficient and stable operation of the system in dynamic environments. Its goals are to improve resource utilization, optimize control parameters, reduce operating costs, and enhance the overall system's responsiveness and autonomous decision-making capabilities.

[0003] Among them, the intelligent water-saving regulation method for water conservancy projects represents the application of intelligent regulation technology in the field of water resource management, aiming to improve the water-saving efficiency of water conservancy projects and the level of intelligence in water resource scheduling. This method uses an intelligent control system to achieve real-time monitoring, analysis, and optimized regulation of key parameters such as water flow, water level, and irrigation water usage, thereby reducing water waste and improving scheduling accuracy. Application scenarios include farmland irrigation, urban water supply, and reservoir scheduling, which can effectively alleviate water shortage problems and improve the rationality of water resource allocation and utilization efficiency.

[0004] Traditional irrigation control methods rely on sensors to monitor macroscopic parameters such as water level and flow rate. They lack fine-grained analysis of the dynamic changes in water potential in the crop root zone, making it difficult to accurately reflect the soil moisture status at different depths. They fail to establish a precise match between crop water absorption rate and water supply. Irrigation control mainly relies on fixed time settings or simple threshold control, resulting in a disconnect between water supply and crop growth needs. In cases where soil water storage capacity varies greatly, irrigation strategies are not adjusted for different soil types, which can easily lead to excessive water leakage or waterlogging, reducing water resource utilization. Water supply regulation does not fully consider the soil's water absorption rate and infiltration characteristics, resulting in a lack of precision in adjusting water flow rate, leading to insufficient or excessive water supply in some areas. The setting of irrigation time intervals is relatively rigid and fails to fully consider changes in precipitation and evapotranspiration. This results in a lag in adjusting irrigation frequency in areas with large precipitation fluctuations, causing water waste or crop water shortage. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing an intelligent water-saving control method and system for water conservancy projects.

[0006] To achieve the objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: an intelligent water-saving control method for water conservancy projects, comprising the following steps: S1: Monitor soil water potential in multiple soil layers in the root zone of farmland, obtain soil water potential values ​​at multiple depths, record them in time series, calculate the current crop root zone water potential gradient, assess the current crop root zone water potential change trend, and obtain root zone water potential change information. S2: Based on the root zone water potential change information, calculate the total available water in the current crop root zone, calculate the water absorption rate of the crop root zone according to the water absorption per unit time of the root system at each depth, call the water demand data corresponding to the crop growth cycle, calculate the crop water supply and demand deviation value, and obtain the crop water supply and demand deviation information. S3: Call the crop water supply and demand deviation information, combine it with the crop planting soil type in the current area, calculate the adjusted irrigation water volume according to the water storage capacity of the soil type, and obtain the corrected irrigation water volume; S4: Based on the corrected irrigation water volume, monitor the current soil water absorption rate, calculate the matching water supply rate, adjust the water flow velocity control valve of the water conservancy project, calculate the adjusted gate opening, match the irrigation flow rate with the soil permeability, and obtain gate water supply regulation information.

[0007] The present invention is improved in that the root zone water potential change information specifically includes the water potential gradient change rate at root zone depth, root water absorption driving force, and soil capillary potential change amplitude; the crop water supply and demand deviation information includes the total amount of water available in the root zone, the difference in crop water demand threshold, and the distribution range of the water demand gap area; the corrected irrigation water volume specifically includes the adjusted total irrigation volume, the water supply per unit area in the root zone, and the water supply regulation time interval; and the gate water supply control information includes the gate flow regulation amplitude, the water supply rate change trend, and the target water flow control threshold.

[0008] The present invention is improved in that the step of obtaining the root zone water potential change information is specifically as follows: S111: Monitor soil water potential in multiple soil layers in the root zone of farmland. Use a tensiometer and ceramic cup sensor to obtain soil water potential values ​​at multiple depths, record the time series data corresponding to each depth, and form a soil water potential time series dataset. S112: Based on the aforementioned soil water potential time series dataset, obtain soil water potential differences at multiple depths, and combine them with the corresponding depth intervals using the formula: ; The current water potential gradient in the crop root zone is obtained through calculation; in, Represents the current water potential gradient in the crop root zone. Represents depth Soil water potential at that location, Represents depth Soil water potential at that location Representing depth and The spacing between them Represents the number of soil layers monitored; S113: Based on the current crop root zone water potential gradient, calculate the water potential change rate according to the time series, obtain the gradient change values ​​at multiple time points, evaluate the current crop root zone water potential change trend, and obtain root zone water potential change information.

[0009] The present invention is improved in that the step of obtaining the crop water supply and demand deviation information is specifically as follows: S211: Based on the root zone water potential change information, obtain the soil water potential values ​​of multiple soil layers at different depths, and calculate the available water volume of each soil layer at different depths by combining the water holding capacity and root distribution density of the corresponding soil layers. Then, accumulate the available water volume data of the corresponding depths to form the total available water volume of the crop root zone. S212: Based on the total available water in the crop root zone, obtain the water absorption per unit time of the root system at each depth, and combine the root distribution ratio and absorption efficiency, using the formula: ; The rate of water absorption in the crop root zone is calculated. in, Represents the rate of water absorption in the crop root zone. Represents depth The amount of water absorbed by the root system per unit time. Represents depth The distribution weight of the root system, Represents the calculation time period. Represents the total number of layers in the root region. Represents the root absorption gain coefficient. Represents depth Soil moisture content at the location Represents the soil moisture infiltration attenuation factor. is the base of the natural logarithm; S213: Based on the crop root zone water absorption rate, combined with the water demand data corresponding to the crop growth cycle, compare it with the total available water in the crop root zone, calculate the crop water supply and demand deviation value, obtain the difference between the water supply and demand in the current time period, and obtain the crop water supply and demand deviation information.

[0010] The present invention is improved in that the modified step of obtaining the irrigation water volume is specifically as follows: S311: Call the crop water supply and demand deviation information, combine it with the crop planting soil type in the current area, including sandy soil, loam and clay soil, obtain the water storage capacity data of each soil type, calculate the total water storage capacity of the current soil, and obtain the soil water storage capacity value. S312: Based on the soil water storage capacity value, combined with the total available water in the root zone and the crop's water supply and demand deviation value, and adjusted according to the water storage capacity of the soil type, the formula is as follows: ; Calculate and obtain the adjusted irrigation water volume in, This represents the adjusted irrigation water volume. Represents the total available water in the current crop root zone. Represents the water requirement of crops. Representing the The water retention capacity of soil types Representing the The proportion of soil type 1 The total number of soil types; S313: Based on the adjusted irrigation water volume, calculate the actual irrigation water potential range, verify whether it exceeds the root system's absorbable range, and obtain the corrected irrigation water volume.

[0011] The present invention is improved in that the step of obtaining the gate water supply control information is specifically as follows: S411: Obtain the corrected irrigation water volume, monitor the current soil water absorption rate using a soil moisture sensor, calculate the water infiltration rate at multiple soil depths, call the corrected irrigation water volume to compare with the soil absorption capacity, calculate the available water flow rate per unit time, and obtain the soil water absorption matching rate. S412: Calculate the appropriate water supply rate by referring to the soil moisture absorption matching rate and combining it with the current flow rate of the canal flow velocity control valve, using the following formula: ; Calculate the adjustment value for the irrigation water supply rate; in, This represents the water supply rate adjustment value. Representing the The absorption capacity of the soil layer Representing the Infiltration time of the soil layer Represents the total number of water-absorbing soil layers. This represents the revised irrigation water volume. This represents the current total water supply, and the adjustment value for the irrigation water supply rate is calculated. S413: Call the irrigation water supply rate adjustment value, calculate the gate adjustment range according to the opening adjustment range of the water channel flow velocity control valve and the water supply flow matching value, and obtain the gate water supply control information.

[0012] The present invention has an improvement, wherein the method further includes: S5: Based on the gate water supply control information, obtain the transpiration and soil evaporation of the current crop growth stage, calculate the cumulative evapotranspiration, compare with the precipitation of the same period, calculate the precipitation and evapotranspiration correction values, and adjust the irrigation time interval in combination with the soil water storage capacity to obtain the optimized irrigation cycle. The optimized irrigation cycle specifically refers to the adjustment range of irrigation time, the correction value of evapotranspiration error, and the water compensation value after precipitation correction.

[0013] The present invention is improved in that the step of obtaining the optimized irrigation cycle is specifically as follows: S511: Based on the gate water supply control information, obtain the transpiration and soil evaporation at the current crop growth stage, and calculate the water loss per unit time by combining the crop leaf area index and soil moisture evaporation rate, and obtain the cumulative evapotranspiration. S512: Based on the aforementioned cumulative evapotranspiration, compare it with the precipitation during the same period, using the formula: ; Calculate and obtain correction values ​​for precipitation and evapotranspiration; in, Represents the correction values ​​for precipitation and evapotranspiration. Representing the Rainfall during the period Representing the Cumulative evapotranspiration over a period of time Representing the Time correction factor for the time period Representing the Adjustment coefficient for soil water storage capacity over a given period; S513: Based on precipitation and evapotranspiration correction values, combined with soil water storage capacity, adjust irrigation time intervals, change irrigation cycles, and obtain optimized irrigation cycles.

[0014] A water conservancy project intelligent water-saving control system, the system being used to execute an intelligent water-saving control method for water conservancy projects, the system comprising: The water potential change analysis module monitors the soil water potential of multiple soil layers in the root zone of farmland, obtains soil water potential values ​​at multiple depths, calculates the current water potential gradient in the crop root zone, assesses the current trend of water potential change in the crop root zone, and obtains information on water potential change in the root zone. Based on the root zone water potential change information, the supply and demand deviation assessment module calls the water requirement data corresponding to the crop growth cycle, calculates the crop water supply and demand deviation value, and obtains the crop water supply and demand deviation information. The irrigation water volume correction module calls the crop water supply and demand deviation information, combines it with the crop planting soil type in the current area, calculates the adjusted irrigation water volume, and obtains the corrected irrigation water volume. Based on the corrected irrigation water volume, the gate control module monitors the current soil water absorption rate, calculates the matching water supply rate, adjusts the water flow velocity control valve of the water conservancy project, and obtains gate water supply control information. The irrigation cycle optimization module calculates the cumulative evapotranspiration based on the gate water supply control information, compares it with the precipitation during the same period, calculates the precipitation and evapotranspiration correction values, adjusts the irrigation time interval, and obtains the optimized irrigation cycle.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows: In this invention, dynamic monitoring of soil water potential is used to obtain water potential gradient information at different depths. Combined with the water absorption rate of the crop root zone, the balance of crop water supply and demand is assessed. By calculating the deviation between crop water supply and demand, irrigation volume is ensured to match crop growth needs. By analyzing the water storage capacity of different soil types, irrigation volume adjustment is made more targeted, avoiding water potential exceeding the root absorption capacity and improving water resource utilization efficiency. Combined with real-time monitoring of soil water absorption rate, the water supply flow of the irrigation canal is matched to ensure that the water supply rate is consistent with the soil infiltration characteristics, reducing water loss. The comparison and correction of precipitation and evapotranspiration are introduced to achieve precise regulation based on dynamic environmental changes, making irrigation cycle optimization more adaptable and improving the rationality of water resource allocation. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of obtaining root zone water potential change information according to the present invention. Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of obtaining crop water supply and demand deviation information according to the present invention. Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of obtaining the corrected irrigation water volume according to the present invention. Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of obtaining gate water supply control information according to the present invention; Figure 6 This invention provides a flowchart for obtaining an optimized irrigation cycle. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0018] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, in the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0019] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a technical solution: an intelligent water-saving control method for water conservancy projects, comprising the following steps: S1: Monitor soil water potential in multiple soil layers in the root zone of farmland. Use a tensiometer and ceramic cup sensor to monitor and obtain soil water potential values ​​at multiple depths. Record the data in time series, calculate the current water potential gradient in the crop root zone, assess the current trend of water potential change in the crop root zone, and obtain information on water potential change in the root zone. S2: Based on the root zone water potential change information, calculate the total available water in the current crop root zone, calculate the water absorption rate of the crop root zone according to the water absorption per unit time of the root system at each depth, call the water demand data corresponding to the crop growth cycle, calculate the crop water supply and demand deviation value, and obtain the crop water supply and demand deviation information. S3: Call the crop water supply and demand deviation information, combine it with the crop planting soil type in the current region, including sandy soil, loam and clay soil, calculate the adjusted irrigation water volume according to the water storage capacity of the soil type, avoid the soil water potential from exceeding the root system's absorption range, and obtain the corrected irrigation water volume. S4: Based on the corrected irrigation water volume, the soil moisture sensor is used to monitor the current soil water absorption rate, calculate the matching water supply rate, adjust the flow velocity control valve of the water conservancy project, calculate the adjusted gate opening, match the irrigation flow rate with the soil permeability, and obtain gate water supply regulation information. S5: Based on the gate water supply regulation information, obtain the transpiration and soil evaporation of the current crop growth stage, calculate the cumulative evapotranspiration, compare with the precipitation of the same period, calculate the precipitation and evapotranspiration correction values, and combine with the soil water storage capacity to adjust the irrigation time interval and obtain the optimized irrigation cycle. The information on root zone water potential changes specifically includes the rate of change of water potential gradient at root zone depth, root water uptake driving force, and soil capillary potential change. The information on crop water supply and demand deviation includes the total amount of water available in the root zone, the difference in crop water demand threshold, and the distribution range of the water demand gap area. The corrected irrigation water volume specifically includes the adjusted total irrigation volume, the water supply per unit area in the root zone, and the water supply regulation time interval. The information on gate water supply regulation includes the gate flow regulation range, the trend of water supply rate change, and the target water flow control threshold. The optimized irrigation cycle specifically refers to the irrigation time adjustment range, the evapotranspiration error correction value, and the water volume compensation value after precipitation correction.

[0020] Please see Figure 2 The specific steps for obtaining root zone water potential change information are as follows: S111: Monitor soil water potential in multiple soil layers in the root zone of farmland. Use a tensiometer and ceramic cup sensor to obtain soil water potential values ​​at multiple depths, record the time series data corresponding to each depth, and form a soil water potential time series dataset. To monitor soil water potential in multiple soil layers of the root zone of farmland, multiple monitoring points are first selected within the farmland. At each monitoring point, multiple monitoring devices at different depths are deployed according to the distribution of crop roots. Each device at each depth consists of a tensiometer and a ceramic cup sensor. The tensiometer is used to measure capillary water potential, and the ceramic cup sensor is used to sense the water potential of soil pore water. In practice, multiple monitoring depths can be selected within the range of 0-100 cm, such as 10 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm, 70 cm, and 90 cm, and sensors are deployed at these depths to ensure multi-level data acquisition. Each sensor records the soil water potential value at the current depth at a set time interval (e.g., once per hour). The collected data is stored in a local storage device or a remote database. The water potential value at each time point forms time series data, and the specific data format is shown in Table 1.

[0021] Table 1. Time series data of soil water potential Time (h) Depth 10cm (kPa) Depth 30cm (kPa) Depth 50cm (kPa) Depth 70cm (kPa) Depth 90cm (kPa) 08:00 -10 -20 -30 -35 -40 09:00 -12 -22 -32 -37 -42 10:00 -15 -25 -35 -40 -45 As shown in Table 1, soil water potential data at multiple depths are recorded at each time point, forming a time-series dataset over time. This dataset is used for subsequent calculations of the water potential gradient and its changes. Thresholds are set during data storage to ensure data validity. For example, the reasonable range for soil water potential data is generally between -10 kPa and -1500 kPa, determined by the soil's water-holding capacity. If the water potential value at a certain time point exceeds this range, such as an anomaly of -2000 kPa, it can be determined that the sensor may be malfunctioning or there may be a data recording error. Therefore, the threshold setting is based on soil physical characteristics and verified by the measurement accuracy of the monitoring equipment. For example, for high-precision sensors (measurement error ±2 kPa), the anomaly threshold can be set to -1600 kPa.

[0022] S112: Based on the soil water potential time series dataset, the soil water potential difference values ​​at multiple depths are obtained, and combined with the corresponding depth intervals, the formula is used: ; The current water potential gradient in the crop root zone is obtained through calculation; in, Represents the current water potential gradient in the crop root zone. Represents depth Soil water potential at that location Represents depth Soil water potential at that location Represents depth and The spacing between them Represents the number of soil layers monitored; Based on a soil water potential time series dataset, soil water potential differences at multiple depths were calculated, and the water potential gradient of the current crop root zone was calculated by combining the distance between adjacent depths. During the calculation, data at a specific time point, such as 08:00, was first selected from the time series dataset. Water potential values ​​for each depth were extracted from Table 1, and the water potential differences between adjacent layers were calculated. ,like kPa, kPa, and so on, to obtain the spacing between adjacent layers. For example, if the interval between 10 cm and 30 cm is 20 cm, and the interval between 30 cm and 50 cm is 20 cm, the final calculation of the water potential gradient is performed. : ; The calculation method is applicable to data at each time point and can be extended to batch calculations on entire time series data. During the calculation of the water potential gradient, a weighting factor is set to avoid fluctuations in the calculation results due to minor errors. This weighting factor, used to adjust the degree of influence at different depths, is set based on soil texture type and crop root distribution. For example, if the roots are mainly concentrated in the 0-50 cm range, a weight can be set accordingly. , , To adjust the calculation of the water potential gradient so that it better reflects the dynamics of the water potential in the root zone, the calculation method is adjusted as follows after incorporating weights: ; The weights are set based on crop root distribution survey data. For example, if the roots of a certain crop are mainly distributed in the 0-40 cm depth and there are fewer roots below 50 cm, then the 0-40 cm interval can be given a higher weight when calculating the water potential gradient to ensure that the calculation results can better reflect the impact of soil water potential on crop roots.

[0023] S113: Based on the current crop root zone water potential gradient, calculate the water potential change rate according to the time series, obtain the gradient change values ​​at multiple time points, evaluate the current crop root zone water potential change trend, and obtain root zone water potential change information.

[0024] Based on the current water potential gradient in the crop root zone, the rate of change of water potential is calculated using a time series. First, data from consecutive time points are selected to calculate the gradient change value. For example, if the water potential gradient at 08:00 is 0.375 kPa / cm, and the gradient is recalculated at 09:00, with the result set to 0.4 kPa / cm, then the rate of change of gradient is calculated as follows: ; Gradient change values ​​at multiple time points are calculated sequentially to obtain information on root zone water potential changes. A water potential gradient change curve is then plotted on the time axis to further assess the dynamic changes in soil moisture. When calculating the gradient change rate, a baseline value needs to be set to determine significant changes in the water potential gradient. The baseline value is set with reference to long-term monitoring data. For example, in historical monitoring data for a certain area, the normal range of soil water potential gradient change is between 0.01 and 0.05 kPa / cm / h, so a baseline value of 0.03 kPa / cm / h can be set. If the calculated result at a certain moment is higher than this value, for example, reaching 0.06 kPa / cm / h, it means that the soil water potential change is relatively drastic during that period, possibly influenced by irrigation, rainfall, or transpiration. This baseline value setting needs to be combined with long-term regional monitoring data and can be adjusted according to seasonal changes. For example, during the dry season, the baseline value can be appropriately reduced (e.g., 0.02 kPa / cm / h) to more sensitively reflect water potential changes.

[0025] Please see Figure 3 The specific steps for obtaining crop water supply and demand deviation information are as follows: S211: Based on the information on water potential changes in the root zone, obtain the soil water potential values ​​of multiple soil layers at different depths, and combine the water holding capacity and root distribution density of the corresponding soil layers to calculate the available water volume of each soil layer at different depths. Accumulate the available water volume data of the corresponding depths to form the total available water volume of the crop root zone. Based on root zone water potential change information, soil water potential values ​​at multiple depths are obtained. First, water potential values ​​for each depth are extracted from the time-series data to determine the current moisture status of each soil layer. For example, at 08:00, soil water potential values ​​at five depths (10 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm, 70 cm, and 90 cm) are selected. Combined with the corresponding soil layer's water-holding capacity, which can be quantified using indicators such as field capacity and wilting point water potential, if a soil layer has a field capacity of 25% and a wilting point water potential of 10%, then the effective water content is calculated as follows: If the soil layer thickness is set at 20 cm, then the effective water content of this soil layer is: The root length density (mm) is used in conjunction with the root distribution density, which represents the root length per unit volume of soil. This density can be obtained through actual measurement data. For example, if the root length density is measured to be 0.8 cm / cm³ in a 30 cm soil layer, the available water volume is calculated by multiplying the effective water content by the root length density. The available water volume for each soil layer is calculated, and the available water volume for all depths is summed to form the total available water volume for the crop root zone. Root length density is a crucial weighting parameter in determining the available water volume, and its value depends on the crop type, growth stage, and soil structure. For example, corn has a high root length density during the jointing stage, typically reaching 1.2 cm / cm³, while rice, due to the influence of the paddy field environment, has a root length density of approximately 0.5 cm / cm³. The set range for root length density needs to be determined by combining plant growth models and referring to field measurement data. In this embodiment, the value range is set between 0.4 and 1.2 cm / cm³, and root length densities of {0.9, 0.8, 0.6, 0.5, 0.4} are selected based on the current monitoring data. cm / cm3, to ensure the rationality of the calculation.

[0026] Table 2 Calculation of Water Supply for Soil Layers at Different Depths As shown in Table 2, the available water volume at each depth was calculated. The available water volumes at all depths were then summed to form the total available water volume for the crop root zone. For example, the total available water volume calculated at 08:00 was... mm.

[0027] S212: Based on the total available water in the crop root zone, obtain the water absorption per unit time of the root system at each depth, and combine the root distribution ratio and absorption efficiency, using the following formula: ; The rate of water absorption in the crop root zone is calculated. in, Represents the rate of water absorption in the crop root zone. Represents depth The amount of water absorbed by the root system per unit time. Represents depth The distribution weight of the root system, Represents the calculation time period. Represents the total number of layers in the root region. Represents the root absorption gain coefficient. Represents depth Soil moisture content at the location Represents the soil moisture infiltration attenuation factor. is the base of the natural logarithm; Based on the total available water in the crop root zone, the water absorption per unit time of the root system at each depth is obtained. First, the absorption capacity of the root system at different depths is determined. This value can be measured experimentally. The absorption rates of the root system at depths of 10 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm, 70 cm, and 90 cm are set to 1.2 mm / h, 1.0 mm / h, 0.8 mm / h, 0.6 mm / h, and 0.4 mm / h, respectively. The water absorption per unit time of the root system is then calculated. It can be represented as mm / h, and simultaneously obtain the distribution weights of the root system at each depth. For example, the root distribution ratios are respectively Calculate the time period Take 1 h, where the root distribution weights The root absorption gain coefficient is set based on the distribution pattern of roots at different depths. Roots are denser in shallower soil layers and gradually decrease in deeper soil layers. This parameter is determined based on field survey data. Typically, the root weight is higher in the 0-30 cm range, reaching 0.3-0.4, while the root weight gradually decreases to 0.1-0.2 in soil layers below 50 cm. In this embodiment, {0.3, 0.25, 0.2, 0.15, 0.1} is used, which conforms to the root growth distribution trend of the plant. Soil moisture infiltration attenuation factor Calculate the soil moisture content at each depth. And inputting the values ​​into the calculation, the soil moisture content is set as follows: %, which is then substituted into the formula to calculate the crop root zone water absorption rate.

[0028] ; The calculations are as follows: ; ; ; ; ; The calculation result is: ; S213: Based on the crop root zone water absorption rate, combined with the water demand data corresponding to the crop growth cycle, compare it with the total available water in the crop root zone, calculate the crop water supply and demand deviation value, obtain the difference between the water supply and demand in the current time period, and obtain the crop water supply and demand deviation information.

[0029] Based on the crop root zone water absorption rate, combined with crop growth cycle water requirement data, and compared with the total available water in the root zone, the supply-demand deviation information for the current time period is obtained. First, the water requirement of the target crop is determined. Taking wheat as an example, the water requirement during the mid-growth stage is approximately 5 mm / day, therefore the hourly water requirement is... mm / h, and compare this value with the calculated crop root zone water absorption rate. The supply-demand deviation value is calculated by comparing the speeds in mm / h. ; The water requirement for wheat growth cycle was set with reference to historical climate data and field transpiration measurements. Generally, the water requirement for wheat is relatively high during the jointing stage, reaching 6-7 mm / d, while it is relatively low during the grain-filling stage, at 3-4 mm / d. In this embodiment, 5 mm / d was selected as the calculation basis, and the water requirement per unit time was set to 0.2083 mm / h. The rationality of this value is determined by the transpiration loss and growth requirements. If the local temperature is high and the actual measured transpiration is higher, the water requirement can be appropriately adjusted upward. Finally, the supply and demand deviation value was calculated. The results show that under the current conditions, the water absorption rate in the crop root zone is greater than the water requirement of the crop, the water supply is sufficient, and the crop does not need additional irrigation or adjustment of the soil moisture management plan.

[0030] Please see Figure 4 The revised steps for obtaining irrigation water volume are as follows: S311: Call the crop water supply and demand deviation information, combine it with the crop planting soil type in the current region, including sandy soil, loam and clay soil, obtain the water storage capacity data of each soil type, calculate the total water storage capacity of the current soil, and obtain the soil water storage capacity value. By accessing crop water supply and demand imbalance information and considering the current crop planting soil type, the soil type distribution in the current planting area is first determined. The soil is divided into three categories: sandy soil, loam, and clay. The proportion of each soil type can be obtained through regional soil survey data or measured data. For example, soil survey data for a certain region shows that sandy soil accounts for 40%, loam for 35%, and clay for 25%. Next, the water storage capacity data of each soil type is obtained. Water storage capacity refers to the effective water holding capacity of the soil, i.e., the difference between field water holding capacity and wilting point water potential. The effective water holding capacity is set at 100 mm / m for sandy soil, 150 mm / m for loam, and 200 mm / m for clay. The total water storage capacity of the current soil is then calculated, and a weighted average is calculated based on the proportion of each soil type. ; Among them, the soil proportion weight value The data is based on regional soil survey data, which is usually obtained through soil profile sampling. The number of sampling points is between 100 and 500 to ensure the representativeness of the data statistics. When calculating the soil proportion weight, it is necessary to base it on the distribution area proportion of each soil type in the region. This weight value directly affects the calculation result of the total water storage capacity. Therefore, it should be confirmed based on soil survey data on a long time scale (at least 10 years).

[0031] Table 3 Soil type and water storage capacity data As shown in Table 3, the water storage capacity of each soil type has been calculated, and the current total water storage capacity of the soil is 142.5 mm / m.

[0032] S312: Based on the soil water storage capacity value, combined with the total available water in the root zone and the crop's water supply and demand deviation value, and adjusted according to the water storage capacity of the soil type, the formula is as follows: ; Calculate and obtain the adjusted irrigation water volume in, This represents the adjusted irrigation water volume. Represents the total available water in the current crop root zone. Represents the water requirement of crops. Representing the The water retention capacity of soil types Representing the The proportion of soil type 1 The total number of soil types; Based on the soil water storage capacity value, combined with the total available water in the root zone and the crop's water supply and demand deviation value, the previously calculated total available water in the root zone is first used. mm, and the crop's water requirements. Substitute this value (mm / d) into the calculation to calculate the absolute difference between water supply and demand: ; Next, calculate the water storage capacity correction value for each soil type, using the data from Table 1. Let the water storage capacities of sandy soil, loamy soil, and clay be respectively... , , mm / m, soil percentages are respectively , , Total number of soil types Calculate the correction term: ; The calculations are as follows: ; ; ; Sum of correction values: ; Calculate the adjusted irrigation water volume : ; Among them, the total water supply in the root zone The setting is based on the accumulated water availability of multiple soil layers. This value depends on measured soil water holding capacity and root distribution data, and requires long-term monitoring. The value is usually between 800-2000 mm, while the crop water requirement... The water requirement is usually set according to the growth stage, and the reference value comes from agricultural irrigation standards. The water requirement per unit time is usually in the range of 3-10 mm / d. The specific value needs to be adjusted according to the climate conditions, soil moisture status and crop variety.

[0033] S313: Based on the adjusted irrigation water volume, calculate the actual irrigation water potential range, verify whether it exceeds the root system's absorbable range, and obtain the corrected irrigation water volume. Based on the adjusted irrigation water volume, the actual irrigation water potential range is calculated to verify whether it exceeds the root system's absorption range. First, the water absorption capacity range of the crop root zone is determined. The maximum root water absorption capacity is set at 5 mm / h. Therefore, the maximum water absorption in one day / night is: ; Comparison of adjusted irrigation water volume If the irrigation water volume exceeds the crop's absorption capacity (mm), the irrigation amount needs to be adjusted. This can be done by adjusting the irrigation time or irrigating in batches. For example, if the current irrigation water requirement exceeds the root system's absorption capacity, irrigation can be divided into three days, with the daily irrigation amount set at [amount missing]. : ; Among them, root absorption gain coefficient This directly affects the water absorption rate, and the value is usually between 0.6 and 1.2. This coefficient reflects the absorption capacity of the root system under different water potential conditions, and its calculation is based on experimental measurements of the root system under different soil water potential conditions. The soil water infiltration attenuation factor... Depending on the soil pore structure and water transport capacity, the value is generally between 30 and 70. This value is measured through soil infiltration experiments; a higher value indicates less water infiltration loss. After correction, the irrigation water volume does not exceed the root absorption range, ultimately resulting in a reasonable irrigation water distribution.

[0034] Please see Figure 5The specific steps for obtaining gate water supply control information are as follows: S411: Obtain the corrected irrigation water volume, monitor the current soil water absorption rate using a soil moisture sensor, calculate the water infiltration rate at multiple soil depths, call the corrected irrigation water volume to compare with the soil absorption capacity, calculate the available water flow per unit time, and obtain the soil water absorption matching rate. To obtain the corrected irrigation water volume, soil moisture sensors were used to monitor the current soil water absorption rate. First, soil moisture sensors were installed at different depths: 10 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm, 70 cm, and 90 cm. The water absorption rate at each depth was recorded, with the measured absorption rates set at 2.5 mm / h, 2.0 mm / h, 1.8 mm / h, 1.5 mm / h, and 1.2 mm / h, respectively. Then, the water infiltration rate at multiple soil depths was calculated as the rate of change of soil moisture content per unit time. For example, if the soil moisture content at a depth of 10 cm increases from 15% to 18% within 1 hour, the infiltration rate is calculated after converting the soil volumetric water content to depth (mm). ; Similarly, the water infiltration rate at other depths was calculated, setting the infiltration rates at 30 cm, 50 cm, 70 cm, and 90 cm to 480 mm / h, 400 mm / h, 350 mm / h, and 300 mm / h, respectively. The corrected irrigation water volume was then... Substituting mm into the soil's absorption capacity, the water supply flow rate per unit time is calculated. With the water supply time set to 3 hours, the water supply flow rate per unit time is calculated as follows: ; To obtain the soil moisture absorption matching rate, it is necessary to ensure that the water supply flow does not exceed the maximum soil infiltration rate. For example, if the infiltration rate at a depth of 10 cm is 600 mm / h, then the current water supply of 142.18 mm / h is lower than the soil infiltration rate and meets the absorption capacity. The threshold for soil absorption rate is set with reference to the maximum field water infiltration rate. This value is directly related to soil porosity, particle size, and organic matter content. Experimental data show that the absorption threshold for sandy soil is usually 400-700 mm / h, for loam it is 250-450 mm / h, and for clay it is 150-300 mm / h. The threshold used in this calculation is based on the aforementioned soil classification and its absorption range to ensure that the irrigation water supply does not exceed the soil carrying capacity.

[0035] Table 4 Soil moisture infiltration rate As shown in Table 4, the water absorption rate and infiltration rate at each depth have been calculated, and the available water flow rate per unit time has been determined. mm / h is lower than the maximum soil infiltration rate, matching the soil's water absorption capacity.

[0036] S412: Calculate the appropriate water supply rate by referencing the soil moisture absorption matching rate and combining it with the current flow rate of the canal flow velocity control valve, using the following formula: ; Calculate the adjustment value for the irrigation water supply rate; in, This represents the water supply rate adjustment value. Representative The absorption capacity of the soil layer Representative Infiltration time of the soil layer Represents the total number of water-absorbing soil layers. This represents the revised irrigation water volume. This represents the current total water supply, and the adjustment value for the irrigation water supply rate is calculated. By invoking the soil moisture absorption matching rate and combining it with the current flow rate of the canal flow velocity control valve, the appropriate water supply rate is calculated. Assuming the current flow rate of the canal flow velocity control valve is 150 mm / h, the absorption capacity weights of each soil layer are calculated, and the appropriate weights are set. For soil absorption capacity, For soil infiltration time, (i.e., 5 soil layers), with infiltration times set at each depth as 1.5 h, 1.8 h, 2.0 h, 2.2 h, and 2.5 h, respectively. The calculation formula is as follows: ; Calculate the absorption capacity of each layer multiplied by the infiltration time: ; Calculate the total penetration time: ; Calculate the average absorption capacity: ; Calculate the water supply adjustment coefficient and set it. mm, current water supply mm / h: ; Calculate the water supply rate adjustment value: ; Weight Based on the water-holding capacity of soil type, loam soil generally has a higher water-holding capacity than sandy soil but a lower water-holding capacity than clay. Therefore, when calculating the absorption weight, the specific gravity of loam soil is set to 0.4, sandy soil to 0.3, and clay soil to 0.3. This specific gravity is directly related to the soil texture and its water absorption rate.

[0037] S413: Call the irrigation water supply rate adjustment value, calculate the gate adjustment range based on the opening adjustment range of the canal flow velocity control valve and the water supply flow matching value, and obtain the gate water supply control information; The irrigation water supply rate adjustment value is called. Based on the opening adjustment range of the canal flow velocity control valve and the matching value of the water supply flow, the gate adjustment range is calculated. First, the current opening adjustment range of the canal gate is obtained, with the minimum opening set to 10% and the maximum opening set to 90%. The current water supply flow of the canal flow velocity control valve is set to 150 mm / h, and the adjustment target is 264.8 mm / h. The required opening increment is calculated, using the maximum canal flow of 500 mm / h as a benchmark, to calculate the opening ratio corresponding to the flow change. ; Set the current gate opening to 40%, and calculate the adjusted gate opening: ; After rounding, the adjusted gate opening is set to 63%. The gate water supply control information is obtained. The gate opening adjustment coefficient is set based on the control sensitivity of the flow velocity. This sensitivity is controlled by the range of change in the canal flow rate, which usually varies within the range of 10%-90%. The control step value is set to 5% of the maximum flow rate, that is, each adjustment range shall not be less than 5% to ensure the linear controllability of the flow rate change. The calculated adjustment range of 22.96% meets the control step value requirement. Therefore, the adjusted gate setting value is 63%.

[0038] Please see Figure 6 The specific steps for obtaining the optimized irrigation cycle are as follows: S511: Based on the gate water supply regulation information, obtain the transpiration and soil evaporation of the current crop growth stage, combine the crop leaf area index and soil moisture evaporation rate, calculate the water loss per unit time, and obtain the cumulative evapotranspiration. Based on the gate water supply regulation information, the transpiration and soil evaporation rates at the current crop growth stage are obtained. First, the current growth stage of the crop is determined. For example, the leaf area index (LAI) of wheat at the jointing stage is generally 3.5. The transpiration rate is obtained by combining meteorological data, with the transpiration rate measured by the meteorological station set at 4.2 mm / d. Soil evaporation rate is affected by soil surface moisture content, wind speed, and temperature. The current soil surface moisture content is set at 18%, wind speed at 2.5 m / s, and ambient temperature at 22℃. The soil evaporation rate is calculated using an empirical formula and set at 2.3 mm / d. The calculation coefficient for soil evaporation rate depends on soil texture and surface moisture content. This value can be obtained through soil permeability experiments. In this example, the value is based on the typical evaporation rate range of sandy loam (1.8-2.5 mm / d). This value increases linearly with increasing wind speed; therefore, a wind speed correction factor of 0.1 mm / d / m / s is used. That is, the evaporation rate under windless conditions is 2.0 mm / d, and the wind speed is 2.5 m / s. At a speed of m / s, the evaporation rate is calculated as 2.0 + 2.5 × 0.1 = 2.3 mm / d. Calculate the water loss per unit time: ; To obtain the cumulative evapotranspiration, with a calculation period of 7 days, the total evapotranspiration is: ; This value represents the total water loss during the crop's growth cycle.

[0039] S512: Based on cumulative evapotranspiration, compared with precipitation during the same period, using the following formula: ; Calculate and obtain correction values ​​for precipitation and evapotranspiration; in, Represents the corrected values ​​for precipitation and evapotranspiration. Representative Rainfall during the period Representative Cumulative evapotranspiration over a period of time Representative Time correction factor for the time period Representative Adjustment coefficient for soil water storage capacity over a given period; Based on cumulative evapotranspiration, compared with precipitation during the same period, and using historical precipitation data, the total precipitation was calculated by setting the precipitation over the past 7 days to be 2 mm, 0 mm, 5 mm, 3 mm, 0 mm, 4 mm, and 6 mm. ; The difference between precipitation and evapotranspiration for each time period is calculated using the following formula: ; Set time correction factor (This indicates the timeliness of the impact of precipitation). This value is determined based on the duration of soil moisture after precipitation. Typically, sandy soils experience a significant decrease in moisture within 48 hours after precipitation, while loam can maintain moisture for 72 hours. Therefore, K_{Bz} is calculated based on... (Unit: hours) The soil moisture duration in this area is approximately 72 hours, therefore K_{Bz} = 1.2), soil water storage adjustment coefficient. (This represents the water retention capacity of different soil types). This value is calculated using soil field capacity. When the field capacity is 20%, If the field water holding capacity increases to 30%, then Increased to 1.1, in this example the field water holding capacity was measured to be 20%, therefore, it is taken as... Calculate the precipitation and evapotranspiration correction values ​​for each time period: ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Calculate the correction values ​​for cumulative precipitation and evapotranspiration: ; This value indicates that precipitation has not fully compensated for evapotranspiration losses, and irrigation strategies still need to be adjusted.

[0040] S513: Based on the correction values ​​of precipitation and evapotranspiration, combined with the soil water storage capacity, adjust the irrigation time interval, change the irrigation cycle, and obtain the optimized irrigation cycle; Based on the correction values ​​for precipitation and evapotranspiration, and considering soil water storage capacity, the irrigation interval is adjusted. The current irrigation cycle is set to 5 days. The new irrigation interval is calculated, and the soil water storage capacity is assumed. mm / m, calculate the available water storage capacity: ; The 1.2 times water storage adjustment coefficient is determined based on the ratio of the soil's effective water holding capacity. If the field water holding capacity is less than 60% of the effective water holding capacity, additional water needs to be added. Therefore, it is taken as... If the field water holding capacity is higher than 80%, no correction is made, and the value is taken directly. Calculate the irrigation amount required for evapotranspiration compensation: ; Calculate the adjusted irrigation interval, setting the single irrigation amount to 40 mm, then the adjustment interval is: ; After rounding, the optimized irrigation cycle is adjusted to 6 days to match precipitation and evapotranspiration conditions.

[0041] A water conservancy project intelligent water-saving control system is provided. This system is used to implement intelligent water-saving control methods for water conservancy projects. The system includes: The water potential change analysis module monitors the soil water potential of multiple soil layers in the root zone of farmland, obtains soil water potential values ​​at multiple depths, records them in a time series, calculates the current water potential gradient in the crop root zone, assesses the current trend of water potential change in the crop root zone, and obtains information on water potential change in the root zone. The supply and demand deviation assessment module calculates the total available water in the current crop root zone based on the root zone water potential change information, calculates the water absorption rate of the crop root zone based on the water absorption per unit time of the root system at each depth, calls the water requirement data corresponding to the crop growth cycle, calculates the crop water supply and demand deviation value, and obtains the crop water supply and demand deviation information. The irrigation water volume correction module calls the crop water supply and demand deviation information, combines it with the current crop planting soil type, including sandy soil, loam and clay soil, calculates the adjusted irrigation water volume according to the water storage capacity of the soil type, and obtains the corrected irrigation water volume. Based on the corrected irrigation water volume, the gate control module monitors the current soil water absorption rate, calculates the matching water supply rate, adjusts the canal flow velocity control valve of the water conservancy project, calculates the adjusted gate opening, matches the irrigation flow rate with the soil permeability, and obtains gate water supply control information. The irrigation cycle optimization module obtains the transpiration and soil evaporation of the current crop growth stage based on the gate water supply control information, calculates the cumulative evapotranspiration, compares it with the precipitation in the same period, calculates the precipitation and evapotranspiration correction values, and adjusts the irrigation time interval based on the soil water storage capacity to obtain the optimized irrigation cycle.

[0042] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may use the disclosed technical content to make changes or modifications to create equivalent embodiments that can be applied to other fields. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the technical solution of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for intelligent water-saving regulation in water conservancy projects, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Monitor soil water potential in multiple soil layers in the root zone of farmland, obtain soil water potential values ​​at multiple depths, record them in time series, calculate the current crop root zone water potential gradient, assess the current crop root zone water potential change trend, and obtain root zone water potential change information. S2: Based on the root zone water potential change information, calculate the total available water in the current crop root zone, calculate the water absorption rate of the crop root zone according to the water absorption per unit time of the root system at each depth, call the water demand data corresponding to the crop growth cycle, calculate the crop water supply and demand deviation value, and obtain the crop water supply and demand deviation information. S3: Call the crop water supply and demand deviation information, combine it with the crop planting soil type in the current area, calculate the adjusted irrigation water volume according to the water storage capacity of the soil type, and obtain the corrected irrigation water volume; S4: Based on the corrected irrigation water volume, monitor the current soil water absorption rate, calculate the matching water supply rate, adjust the water flow velocity control valve of the water conservancy project, calculate the adjusted gate opening, match the irrigation flow rate with the soil permeability, and obtain gate water supply regulation information.

2. The intelligent water-saving regulation method for water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The root zone water potential change information specifically includes the rate of change of water potential gradient at root zone depth, root water uptake driving force, and soil capillary potential change amplitude. The crop water supply and demand deviation information includes the total amount of water available in the root zone, the difference in crop water demand threshold, and the distribution range of the water demand gap area. The corrected irrigation water volume specifically includes the adjusted total irrigation volume, the water supply per unit area in the root zone, and the water supply regulation time interval. The gate water supply control information includes the gate flow regulation amplitude, the water supply rate change trend, and the target water flow control threshold.

3. The intelligent water-saving regulation method for water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for obtaining the root zone water potential change information are as follows: S111: Monitor soil water potential in multiple soil layers in the root zone of farmland. Use a tensiometer and ceramic cup sensor to obtain soil water potential values ​​at multiple depths, record the time series data corresponding to each depth, and form a soil water potential time series dataset. S112: Based on the aforementioned soil water potential time series dataset, obtain soil water potential differences at multiple depths, and combine them with the corresponding depth intervals using the formula: ； The current water potential gradient in the crop root zone is obtained through calculation; in, Represents the current water potential gradient in the crop root zone. Represents depth Soil water potential at that location, Represents depth Soil water potential at that location, Represents depth and The spacing between them Represents the number of soil layers monitored; S113: Based on the current crop root zone water potential gradient, calculate the water potential change rate according to the time series, obtain the gradient change values ​​at multiple time points, evaluate the current crop root zone water potential change trend, and obtain root zone water potential change information.

4. The intelligent water-saving regulation method for water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for obtaining the crop water supply and demand deviation information are as follows: S211: Based on the root zone water potential change information, obtain the soil water potential values ​​of multiple soil layers at different depths, and calculate the available water volume of each soil layer at different depths by combining the water holding capacity and root distribution density of the corresponding soil layers. Then, accumulate the available water volume data of the corresponding depths to form the total available water volume of the crop root zone. S212: Based on the total available water in the crop root zone, obtain the water absorption per unit time of the root system at each depth, and combine the root distribution ratio and absorption efficiency, using the formula: ； The rate of water absorption in the crop root zone is calculated. in, Represents the rate of water absorption in the crop root zone. Represents depth The amount of water absorbed by the root system per unit time. Represents depth The distribution weight of the root system, Represents the calculation time period. Represents the total number of layers in the root region. Represents the root absorption gain coefficient. Represents depth Soil moisture content at the location Represents the soil moisture infiltration attenuation factor. is the base of the natural logarithm; S213: Based on the crop root zone water absorption rate, combined with the water demand data corresponding to the crop growth cycle, compare it with the total available water in the crop root zone, calculate the crop water supply and demand deviation value, obtain the difference between the water supply and demand in the current time period, and obtain the crop water supply and demand deviation information.

5. The intelligent water-saving regulation method for water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for obtaining the corrected irrigation water volume are as follows: S311: Call the crop water supply and demand deviation information, combine it with the crop planting soil type in the current area, including sandy soil, loam and clay soil, obtain the water storage capacity data of each soil type, calculate the total water storage capacity of the current soil, and obtain the soil water storage capacity value. S312: Based on the soil water storage capacity value, combined with the total available water in the root zone and the crop's water supply and demand deviation value, and adjusted according to the water storage capacity of the soil type, the formula is as follows: ； Calculate and obtain the adjusted irrigation water volume in, This represents the adjusted irrigation water volume. Represents the total available water in the current crop root zone. Represents the water requirement of crops. Representative The water retention capacity of soil type 1 represents the first The proportion of soil type 1 The total number of soil types; S313: Based on the adjusted irrigation water volume, calculate the actual irrigation water potential range, verify whether it exceeds the root system's absorbable range, and obtain the corrected irrigation water volume.

6. The intelligent water-saving regulation method for water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for obtaining the gate water supply control information are as follows: S411: Obtain the corrected irrigation water volume, monitor the current soil water absorption rate using a soil moisture sensor, calculate the water infiltration rate at multiple soil depths, call the corrected irrigation water volume to compare with the soil absorption capacity, calculate the available water flow rate per unit time, and obtain the soil water absorption matching rate. S412: Calculate the appropriate water supply rate by referring to the soil moisture absorption matching rate and combining it with the current flow rate of the canal flow velocity control valve, using the following formula: ； Calculate the adjustment value for the irrigation water supply rate; in, This represents the water supply rate adjustment value. Representative The absorption capacity of the soil layer Representative Infiltration time of the soil layer Represents the total number of water-absorbing soil layers. This represents the revised irrigation water volume. This represents the current total water supply, and the adjustment value for the irrigation water supply rate is calculated. S413: Call the irrigation water supply rate adjustment value, calculate the gate adjustment range according to the opening adjustment range of the water channel flow velocity control valve and the water supply flow matching value, and obtain the gate water supply control information.

7. The intelligent water-saving regulation method for water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: S5: Based on the gate water supply control information, obtain the transpiration and soil evaporation of the current crop growth stage, calculate the cumulative evapotranspiration, compare with the precipitation of the same period, calculate the precipitation and evapotranspiration correction values, and adjust the irrigation time interval in combination with the soil water storage capacity to obtain the optimized irrigation cycle. The optimized irrigation cycle specifically refers to the adjustment range of irrigation time, the correction value of evapotranspiration error, and the water compensation value after precipitation correction.

8. The intelligent water-saving regulation method for water conservancy projects according to claim 7, characterized in that, The specific steps for obtaining the optimized irrigation cycle are as follows: S511: Based on the gate water supply control information, obtain the transpiration and soil evaporation at the current crop growth stage, and calculate the water loss per unit time by combining the crop leaf area index and soil moisture evaporation rate, and obtain the cumulative evapotranspiration. S512: Based on the aforementioned cumulative evapotranspiration, compare it with the precipitation during the same period, using the formula: ； Calculate and obtain correction values ​​for precipitation and evapotranspiration; in, Represents the corrected values ​​for precipitation and evapotranspiration. Representative Rainfall during the period Representative Cumulative evapotranspiration over a period of time Representative Time correction factor for the time period Representative Adjustment coefficient for soil water storage capacity over a given period; S513: Based on precipitation and evapotranspiration correction values, combined with soil water storage capacity, adjust irrigation time intervals, change irrigation cycles, and obtain optimized irrigation cycles.

9. An intelligent water-saving control system for water conservancy projects, characterized in that, The intelligent water-saving control method for water conservancy projects according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the system comprises: The water potential change analysis module monitors the soil water potential of multiple soil layers in the root zone of farmland, obtains soil water potential values ​​at multiple depths, calculates the current water potential gradient in the crop root zone, assesses the current trend of water potential change in the crop root zone, and obtains information on water potential change in the root zone. Based on the root zone water potential change information, the supply and demand deviation assessment module calls the water requirement data corresponding to the crop growth cycle, calculates the crop water supply and demand deviation value, and obtains the crop water supply and demand deviation information. The irrigation water volume correction module calls the crop water supply and demand deviation information, combines it with the crop planting soil type in the current area, calculates the adjusted irrigation water volume, and obtains the corrected irrigation water volume. Based on the corrected irrigation water volume, the gate control module monitors the current soil water absorption rate, calculates the matching water supply rate, adjusts the water flow velocity control valve of the water conservancy project, and obtains gate water supply control information. The irrigation cycle optimization module calculates the cumulative evapotranspiration based on the gate water supply control information, compares it with the precipitation during the same period, calculates the precipitation and evapotranspiration correction values, adjusts the irrigation time interval, and obtains the optimized irrigation cycle.

Images