An intelligent photovoltaic power generation system with light direction tracking adjustment function

Abstract

This invention discloses an intelligent photovoltaic power generation system with light direction tracking and adjustment function, relating to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology. The system includes a light environment sensing unit, a spatial positioning unit, a grid-connected inverter unit, and several photovoltaic units. Each photovoltaic panel has a dynamic light modulation layer covering its light-receiving surface. A piezoelectric deformation unit is disposed below the dynamic light modulation layer, which controls the curvature change of the microcavity edge through an input voltage. The light environment sensing unit monitors the ratio of direct to scattered radiant flux of each photovoltaic unit in real time. The spatial positioning unit includes an ultrasonic transmitting array and receiving sensor mounted on the top of each support structure. The spatial positioning unit transmits frequency-hopping coded acoustic waves and analyzes reflected acoustic wave signals to construct a spatial position mapping relationship between adjacent support structures. The grid-connected inverter unit converts the DC power output from each photovoltaic panel into AC power and feeds it into the power grid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, and more specifically, to an intelligent photovoltaic power generation system with light direction tracking and adjustment function. Background Technology

[0002] There is still room for improvement in the efficiency of solar resource utilization and the coordinated control of the system in current photovoltaic power generation systems. Traditional photovoltaic equipment mostly relies on fixed tilt angle installation or mechanical tracking devices based on a single light intensity sensor, which is difficult to adapt to the dynamic changes of direct and diffuse light in complex environments. In particular, in scenarios with a high proportion of diffuse light, such as cloudy or rainy weather, the light capture efficiency is significantly reduced.

[0003] There is currently no effective solution to the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an intelligent photovoltaic power generation system with light direction tracking adjustment function to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] This application provides an intelligent photovoltaic power generation system with light-direction tracking adjustment function, including a light environment sensing unit, a spatial positioning unit, a grid-connected inverter unit, and several photovoltaic units. Each photovoltaic unit includes a photovoltaic panel and a support mechanism, the support mechanism being used to drive the photovoltaic unit to rotate; wherein...

[0006] Each photovoltaic panel has a dynamic light modulation layer coated on its light-receiving surface. The dynamic light modulation layer is composed of a microprism array with a biomimetic compound eye structure.

[0007] A piezoelectric deformation unit is disposed below the dynamic light modulation layer, and the piezoelectric deformation unit is used to control the curvature change of the microcavity edge by means of input voltage;

[0008] The light environment sensing unit is used to monitor the ratio of direct light to scattered light radiant flux of each photovoltaic unit in real time.

[0009] The spatial positioning unit includes an ultrasonic transmitting array and a receiving sensor installed on the top of each support structure. The spatial positioning unit is used to transmit frequency-hopping coded sound waves and analyze the reflected sound wave signals to construct a spatial position mapping relationship between adjacent support structures.

[0010] The grid-connected inverter unit is used to convert the DC power output from each photovoltaic panel into AC power and feed it into the power grid.

[0011] Furthermore, the intelligent photovoltaic power generation system with light-direction tracking adjustment function also includes a control unit, which is used for:

[0012] When the radiative flux ratio of a photovoltaic unit exceeds the ratio threshold, the photovoltaic unit is marked as a high-value capture unit.

[0013] The photovoltaic unit marked as a high-value capture unit is determined to be in a scattered light-dominated environment, and a voltage is applied to the piezoelectric deformation unit corresponding to that photovoltaic unit to cause the microcavity edge to warp in a specific direction.

[0014] Based on the spatial location mapping relationship, the shadow interference area within a preset time period is predicted, and combined with the real-time solar altitude angle, the photovoltaic units are differentiated and controlled.

[0015] Angle drift is suppressed in real time by magnetorheological dampers integrated into the rotation axis of each support mechanism. For photovoltaic units marked as high-value capture units, the control current of their magnetorheological dampers is increased to a second preset multiple of the rated value, which is greater than 1.

[0016] Furthermore, the light environment sensing unit includes a four-quadrant photodetector array corresponding to each photovoltaic unit, wherein each detector includes a central photosensitive unit and an annular edge photosensitive unit;

[0017] The ratio of direct light to scattered light radiant flux is calculated by the following formula: Radiant flux ratio = (Output current of the central photosensitive unit - Output current of the edge photosensitive unit) / Output current of the central photosensitive unit.

[0018] Furthermore, the spatial positioning unit transmits frequency-hopping coded acoustic waves and analyzes the reflected acoustic wave signals to construct a spatial position mapping relationship between adjacent support mechanisms, including:

[0019] Each support structure is assigned an independent working time slot for its ultrasonic transmitting array;

[0020] Frequency-hopping coded acoustic pulses are transmitted within their respective time slots. The frequency-hopping sequence is generated based on a chaotic algorithm, and the difference between the transmission sequences of any two adjacent support structures is greater than a set difference threshold.

[0021] Furthermore, by traversing each support mechanism as a target support mechanism, the following steps are performed to output the set of three-dimensional coordinates of all support mechanisms, in order to construct the spatial position mapping relationship between adjacent support mechanisms:

[0022] The reflected sound wave signal is collected by a receiving sensor;

[0023] The reflected sound wave signal is cross-correlated with the locally stored transmission sequence to determine the signal propagation delay;

[0024] By combining the sound wave propagation speed and data from the dual-axis tilt sensor, the path geometric deviation is calculated and compensated to obtain the first distance value and the second distance value between the target support mechanism and two adjacent support mechanisms;

[0025] The target support structure is used as the point to be located, and two adjacent support structures are used as reference points.

[0026] Using the first distance value and the second distance value as radii respectively, construct the first sphere and the second sphere with the three-dimensional coordinates of the reference point as the center;

[0027] Solve for the coordinates of the intersection point of the first and second spheres, and determine the three-dimensional coordinates of the target support mechanism by combining the ground elevation constraints of the support mechanism.

[0028] Furthermore, the method also includes:

[0029] For photovoltaic units marked as high-value capture units, a base power generation weighting coefficient of a first preset multiple is assigned to them, and the first preset multiple is greater than 1.

[0030] For unmarked photovoltaic units, a base power generation weighting factor is assigned to them.

[0031] Furthermore, the step of predicting the shadow interference region within a preset time period based on the spatial location mapping relationship, and combining this with the real-time solar altitude angle, to perform differentiated control on each photovoltaic unit includes:

[0032] Construct a motion constraint model for photovoltaic units, in which,

[0033] The input parameters include: the set of three-dimensional coordinates of the support structure in the spatial location mapping relationship; the real-time solar altitude angle and its azimuth angle; and the power generation weighting coefficient of each photovoltaic unit.

[0034] The trajectory of the sun within a predetermined timeframe is simulated using a light projection algorithm.

[0035] Based on the coordinates of the support structure and the trajectory of the sun, the overlapping areas of the photovoltaic unit projections in each time period within the future preset time are calculated and marked as high-risk areas for shadow interference;

[0036] An optimization objective function is established: maximize the total power generation of the system. The total power generation of the system is determined based on the theoretical power generation of each photovoltaic unit and the power generation weight coefficient of each photovoltaic unit. The theoretical power generation is calculated based on the irradiance between the preset orientation of the photovoltaic unit and the position of the sun.

[0037] The optimization objective function incorporates a modulation efficiency compensation factor; the modulation efficiency compensation factor is dynamically adjusted according to the real-time operating voltage state of the piezoelectric deformation unit.

[0038] Set motion constraints: the center distance between adjacent photovoltaic units is not less than the dynamic safety threshold; the minimum avoidance angle increment of photovoltaic units in the high-risk area of ​​shadow interference is not less than 5°; the rotation priority of photovoltaic units marked as high-value capture units is increased to twice that of unmarked photovoltaic units;

[0039] Solve for the optimal set of obstacle avoidance rotation angles for each photovoltaic unit, so that the optimization objective function converges under the given motion constraints.

[0040] Furthermore, in the process of solving the optimal obstacle avoidance rotation angle set for each photovoltaic unit, a timing coordination instruction for the rotation control signal of the support mechanism and the voltage regulation signal of the piezoelectric deformation unit is generated simultaneously.

[0041] When the change in rotation angle exceeds the angle reset threshold, the timing coordination instruction includes a microcavity curvature reset voltage pulse triggered after the rotation action of the support mechanism is completed.

[0042] Furthermore, the microprism array is composed of regularly arranged hexagonal protrusion units, and the hollow region of each hexagonal protrusion unit forms a microcavity. The angle between the central axis of the microcavity and the normal of the photovoltaic panel increases gradually from the center of the array to the edge.

[0043] Furthermore, the determination of the dynamic security threshold includes:

[0044] Obtain the installation height difference between adjacent photovoltaic units;

[0045] Measure the real-time solar altitude angle;

[0046] The product of the installation height difference and the real-time solar altitude angle cotangent is used as the benchmark value for the dynamic safety threshold.

[0047] Based on the embodiments provided in this application, through the collaborative design of the light environment sensing unit and the dynamic light modulation layer, the optical parameters of the microprism array can be dynamically adjusted according to the real-time monitored ratio of direct light to scattered light radiant flux, achieving precise focusing and optical path guidance for different spectral components, significantly improving the light energy capture efficiency in complex light environments. Especially under cloudy or low-light conditions, the microcavity curvature change driven by the piezoelectric deformation unit can effectively enhance the collection capability of scattered light, breaking through the application limitations of traditional tracking systems that rely solely on direct light. The spatial positioning unit uses frequency-hopping coded acoustic wave technology to construct the spatial mapping relationship between adjacent support structures, which can optimize the relative position and orientation of each photovoltaic unit in real time, avoiding internal shading and reducing shadow effects, maximizing light energy utilization in high-density layout scenarios. This non-contact positioning mechanism requires no additional visual markers, has strong anti-interference capabilities, and can achieve coordinated control of multi-unit power generation data through the grid-connected inverter unit, improving the grid-connected stability and power quality of the entire photovoltaic system. Attached Figure Description

[0048] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with their description, serve to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0049] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of an optional intelligent photovoltaic power generation system with light direction tracking adjustment function according to an embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of an optional execution method of a control unit according to an embodiment of this application;

[0051] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of an optional method for assigning power generation weighting coefficients to each photovoltaic unit according to an embodiment of this application.

[0052] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0053] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0054] Optionally, such as Figure 1 As shown, this application provides an intelligent photovoltaic power generation system with light-direction tracking adjustment function, including a light environment sensing unit 101, a spatial positioning unit 102, a grid-connected inverter unit 103, and a plurality of photovoltaic units 104. Each photovoltaic unit includes a photovoltaic panel and a support mechanism, the support mechanism being used to drive the photovoltaic unit to rotate; wherein,

[0055] Each photovoltaic panel has a dynamic light modulation layer on its light-receiving surface, which is composed of a microprism array with a biomimetic compound eye structure.

[0056] A piezoelectric deformation unit is placed below the dynamic light modulation layer. The piezoelectric deformation unit is used to control the curvature change of the microcavity edge by input voltage.

[0057] The lead zirconate titanate film of the piezoelectric deformation unit has a thickness of 50±5μm; when a voltage of 150V is applied, it generates a microcavity edge deformation of 0.5-0.7mm; the linear relationship between the deformation and the voltage value is calibrated by a laser displacement sensor.

[0058] The light environment sensing unit 101 is used to monitor the ratio of direct light to diffuse light radiant flux of each photovoltaic unit in real time.

[0059] The spatial positioning unit 102 includes an ultrasonic transmitting array and a receiving sensor installed on the top of each support structure. The spatial positioning unit is used to transmit frequency-hopping coded sound waves and analyze the reflected sound wave signals to construct a spatial position mapping relationship between adjacent support structures.

[0060] Among them, the spatial positioning unit activates the sound wave attenuation compensation mode in rain and snow environments; this mode acquires environmental humidity data in real time through a humidity sensor; and dynamically adjusts the sound wave transmission power and signal gain coefficient according to the humidity value.

[0061] In this context, "adjacent support structures" refers to support units that are spatially close in the physical layout of a photovoltaic array, potentially causing shading or requiring coordinated adjustment. For example, in a 2×3 photovoltaic array, "adjacent" to a middle support structure refers to the supports directly in front of, behind, to the left of, and to the right of it; "adjacent" to an edge support structure (such as the rightmost support in the first column) only includes the supports to its left and in front of and behind it. This definition is used to construct positional mapping relationships within the array using spatial positioning units, avoiding shading interference caused by excessively close spacing.

[0062] The grid-connected inverter unit 103 is used to convert the DC power output from each photovoltaic panel into AC power and feed it into the power grid.

[0063] Based on the embodiments provided in this application, through the collaborative design of the light environment sensing unit and the dynamic light modulation layer, the optical parameters of the microprism array can be dynamically adjusted according to the real-time monitored ratio of direct light to scattered light radiant flux, achieving precise focusing and optical path guidance for different spectral components, significantly improving the light energy capture efficiency in complex light environments. Especially under cloudy or low-light conditions, the microcavity curvature change driven by the piezoelectric deformation unit can effectively enhance the collection capability of scattered light, breaking through the application limitations of traditional tracking systems that rely solely on direct light. The spatial positioning unit uses frequency-hopping coded acoustic wave technology to construct the spatial mapping relationship between adjacent support structures, which can optimize the relative position and orientation of each photovoltaic unit in real time, avoiding internal shading and reducing shadow effects, maximizing light energy utilization in high-density layout scenarios. This non-contact positioning mechanism requires no additional visual markers, has strong anti-interference capabilities, and can achieve coordinated control of multi-unit power generation data through the grid-connected inverter unit, improving the grid-connected stability and power quality of the entire photovoltaic system.

[0064] Furthermore, intelligent photovoltaic power generation systems with light-direction tracking adjustment capabilities also include control units, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the control unit is used to perform the following steps:

[0065] S201, when the radiative flux ratio of a photovoltaic unit exceeds the ratio threshold, the photovoltaic unit is marked as a high-value capture unit;

[0066] The ratio threshold is a critical value used to determine whether the light environment in which a photovoltaic unit is located is dominated by diffuse light. When the measured ratio of direct light to diffuse light radiant flux exceeds this threshold, it is marked as a high-value capture unit. For example, in clear weather, the ratio threshold is set to 0.6. When the measured ratio is >0.6, it is determined to be dominated by direct light and is not marked; when the ratio is ≤0.6, it is marked as dominated by diffuse light. In cloudy weather, the ratio threshold can be adjusted to 0.4. If a unit's ratio is 0.35, it is marked as a high-value unit, triggering the piezoelectric deformation unit adjustment.

[0067] S202, determine that the photovoltaic unit marked as a high-value capture unit is in a scattered light-dominated environment, and apply a voltage to the piezoelectric deformation unit corresponding to the photovoltaic unit to cause the microcavity edge to warp in a specific direction;

[0068] When the ambient light sensing unit determines that the scattered light is dominant, the piezoelectric unit applies a voltage to the edge of the microcavity, causing the edge region of the hexagonal microprism array to warp in the direction of incident scattered light, for example, so that the microcavity opening faces the source of scattered light to the east, thereby enhancing the reflection and convergence of obliquely incident scattered light and improving the light energy capture efficiency.

[0069] S203 predicts the shadow interference area within a preset time period based on spatial location mapping relationship, and performs differentiated control on each photovoltaic unit in combination with real-time solar altitude angle;

[0070] S204, suppresses angular drift in real time by integrating magnetorheological dampers into the rotation axis of each support mechanism, wherein, for photovoltaic units marked as high-value capture units, the control current of their magnetorheological dampers is increased to a second preset multiple of the rated value, the second preset multiple being greater than 1.

[0071] In practical implementation, when the rated current is 1A, the second preset multiple can be 1.5 times (1.5A) or 2 times (2A) to make the damping force of the high-value unit stronger and suppress the angle fluctuation during the tracking process.

[0072] Among them, the magnetorheological damper is an intelligent damping device that regulates the damping force through current. It is installed on the rotating shaft of each support mechanism to suppress angular drift during mechanical rotation. When the support mechanism is tracking the rotation of the sun, if a sudden gust of wind causes slight shaking, the magnetorheological damper increases the control current (e.g., from 0.5A to 1A) to instantly increase the viscosity of the damping fluid, quickly suppressing the angular deviation of the rotating shaft and ensuring the stable orientation of the photovoltaic panel.

[0073] When a photovoltaic cell is designated as a high-value capture cell, its piezoelectric deformation unit actively warps the edges of the microcavity to enhance the capture of scattered light. However, this operation alters the aerodynamic shape of the photovoltaic panel, increasing the risk of angular drift under wind load disturbances. Increasing the control current of the magnetorheological damper to a second preset multiple (>1 times) of its rated value instantaneously increases the damping force, suppressing minor vibrations caused by wind or mechanical inertia and ensuring the high-precision orientation required for capturing scattered light.

[0074] Scattered light capture relies on a specific optical field distribution formed by the directional warping of the microcavity edge; any slight wobbling of the support will disrupt the focusing consistency of the microprism array. Current multiplication drives increase the yield strength of the magnetorheological fluid, and by rigidly locking the rotating shaft, the high-frequency modulation of the piezoelectric deformation unit is prevented from coupling with mechanical vibration, ensuring the stable release of the optical gain of the dynamic light modulation layer.

[0075] In some embodiments of this application, the damping fluid of the magnetorheological damper contains carbonyl iron particles; the particle size distribution is 5-10 μm; the particle volume concentration is maintained in the range of 30%-35%; and the damper response time is less than 10 milliseconds.

[0076] Based on the embodiments provided in this application, by using a control unit to determine the radiative flux ratio in real time and employing differentiated control strategies, high-value capturing units in environments dominated by scattered light can be accurately identified. Furthermore, by adjusting the directional warp of piezoelectric deformation units, the focusing efficiency of these units for scattered light can be specifically enhanced. Simultaneously, based on shadow interference region prediction using spatial position mapping and dynamic damping control of magnetorheological dampers, the tracking stability of high-value units can be improved while suppressing angular drift caused by mechanical vibration in adjacent units, thus achieving hierarchical optimization control of photovoltaic units in complex light environments.

[0077] Furthermore, the light environment sensing unit includes a four-quadrant photodetector array corresponding to each photovoltaic unit, wherein each detector includes a central photosensitive unit and an annular edge photosensitive unit;

[0078] The ratio of direct light to scattered light radiant flux is calculated by the following formula: Radiant flux ratio = (Output current of the central photosensitive unit - Output current of the edge photosensitive unit) / Output current of the central photosensitive unit.

[0079] In the four-quadrant photodetector, the central photosensitive unit primarily receives direct light, while the annular edge photosensitive units primarily receive scattered light. The current values ​​of the two reflect the proportion of light components. Specifically, when the direct light is strong, the central unit outputs a current of 10mA, while the edge units, affected by the scattered light, output 2mA. When the scattered light intensifies, the central current drops to 5mA, while the edge current rises to 4mA. This current difference reflects the change in the light environment.

[0080] Based on the embodiments provided in this application, the ambient light sensing unit employs a four-quadrant photodetector array. By calculating the radiant flux ratio through the current difference between the central photosensitive unit and the annular edge photosensitive units, it can accurately distinguish the energy distribution differences between direct and scattered light. This detection mechanism utilizes the spatial distribution characteristics of the photodetectors, enabling real-time acquisition of the relative proportions of direct / scattered light in the ambient light environment without the need for additional complex algorithms. This provides a direct and reliable input signal for adjusting the parameters of the dynamic light modulation layer, solving the technical problem that traditional single light intensity sensors cannot effectively identify the proportion of light components.

[0081] Furthermore, the spatial positioning unit transmits frequency-hopping coded acoustic waves and analyzes the reflected acoustic wave signals to construct a spatial position mapping relationship between adjacent support mechanisms, including:

[0082] Each support structure is assigned an independent working time slot for its ultrasonic transmitting array;

[0083] Frequency-hopping coded acoustic pulses are transmitted within their respective time slots. The frequency-hopping sequence is generated based on a chaotic algorithm, and the difference between the transmission sequences of any two adjacent support structures is greater than a set difference threshold.

[0084] In this method, the randomness and aperiodicity of chaotic systems (such as Logistic mapping) are utilized to generate frequency-hopping codes, giving the acoustic signals of adjacent supports highly differentiated characteristics. In other words, the ultrasonic transmitting array of each support uses a chaotic algorithm to generate a frequency-hopping sequence, for example, with an initial value... Substitute into the Logistic equation A chaotic sequence between 0 and 1 is generated and then mapped to a sound wave frequency hopping rule (such as 10kHz→15kHz→8kHz…) to ensure that the frequency hopping sequences of adjacent supports are almost non-repeating.

[0085] The difference threshold is set as a critical value to measure the degree of difference between two frequency hopping sequences. When the difference between adjacent support sequences exceeds this threshold, interference between acoustic signals can be avoided. For example, using Hamming distance to calculate sequence difference, a difference threshold of 0.7 (i.e., 70% of the frequency points are different) is set. If support A sequence is [10,15,8] kHz and support B is [12,9,16] kHz, the difference is 100%, exceeding the threshold of 0.7, and can be effectively distinguished. In high-density arrays, the difference threshold can be increased to 0.85 to ensure that the frequency hopping sequences of eight adjacent supports all meet the difference requirement, avoiding multipath signal confusion.

[0086] Based on the embodiments provided in this application, the spatial positioning unit ensures high differences in the transmission sequences of adjacent support structures by allocating independent working time slots and generating frequency-hopping coded acoustic waves using a chaotic algorithm, thus avoiding co-frequency interference of acoustic signals at the physical layer. This non-contact positioning scheme based on frequency-hopping technology does not rely on visual markers or complex synchronization systems, and can achieve real-time position perception of adjacent devices in high-density photovoltaic arrays, providing a robust and reliable underlying communication mechanism for subsequently constructing high-precision spatial mapping relationships.

[0087] Furthermore, by traversing each support mechanism as a target support mechanism, the following steps are performed to output the set of three-dimensional coordinates of all support mechanisms, in order to construct the spatial position mapping relationship between adjacent support mechanisms:

[0088] The reflected sound wave signal is collected by a receiving sensor;

[0089] The reflected sound wave signal is cross-correlated with the locally stored transmission sequence to determine the signal propagation delay;

[0090] The locally stored transmission sequence is the frequency-hopping coded sequence that each support structure's ultrasonic transmitting array pre-stores for subsequent comparison and analysis with the received signal. For example, the transmitting array of support A stores a frequency-hopping sequence [10kHz, 15kHz, 8kHz]. When a reflected sound wave signal is received, it is compared with the locally stored sequence to determine whether the signal is an echo emitted by itself.

[0091] Cross-correlation is used to calculate the correlation between the received reflected acoustic signal and the local transmission sequence to determine the signal propagation delay.

[0092] In one specific implementation,

[0093]

[0094] in, This represents the frequency-hopping coded reference signal emitted by the ultrasonic transmitting array, and is time-... The function; This represents the reflected sound wave signal collected by the receiving sensor, in time... The function; The variable to be determined represents the signal propagation delay, in seconds (s). This represents a time variable, with the unit being seconds (s). Indicates the start time point of signal reception; Indicates the end time of signal reception; This represents the time delay value corresponding to the peak value of the cross-correlation function, that is, the actual propagation delay of the sound wave from transmission to reception, in seconds (s).

[0095] By combining the sound wave propagation speed and data from the dual-axis tilt sensor, the path geometric deviation is calculated and compensated to obtain the first distance value and the second distance value between the target support mechanism and two adjacent support mechanisms;

[0096] In this embodiment, the distance between adjacent support structures is calculated by combining the propagation speed of sound waves under the current ambient temperature and humidity; the pitch angle and roll angle of the support structure are obtained by the dual-axis tilt sensor installed at the top of each support structure; the geometric deviation of the sound wave path is corrected according to the pitch angle and roll angle of the support structure to obtain the compensated distance value.

[0097] The target support structure is used as the point to be located, and two adjacent support structures are used as reference points.

[0098] Using the first distance value and the second distance value as radii respectively, construct the first sphere and the second sphere with the three-dimensional coordinates of the reference point as the center;

[0099] Solve for the coordinates of the intersection point of the first and second spheres, and determine the three-dimensional coordinates of the target support mechanism by combining the ground elevation constraints of the support mechanism.

[0100] This method utilizes the characteristic that the base of the support is fixed to the ground to limit the Z-axis value (elevation) of the three-dimensional coordinates and eliminate unreasonable intersection points in the air. That is, when two spherical surfaces intersect to obtain two intersection points, the Z-coordinate of one intersection point is a negative number (in the air), and the other is consistent with the ground elevation (e.g., Z=0). The correct three-dimensional coordinates of the support are selected by the elevation constraint. For example, when the ground elevation is 0, only the intersection point with Z=0 is retained as a valid coordinate.

[0101] Based on the embodiments provided in this application, the signal propagation delay is determined through cross-correlation calculations, and path geometric deviations are compensated using data from a dual-axis tilt sensor. This enables the accurate calculation of the three-dimensional coordinates of the target support structure and adjacent reference points. This positioning method fully considers the impact of spatial attitude changes of the support structure on the sound wave propagation path. Through spherical geometry solutions and ground elevation constraints, it extends two-dimensional distance measurement to three-dimensional spatial positioning, providing a high-precision spatial location mapping scheme for photovoltaic systems with complex terrain or three-dimensional layouts. This solves the coordinate deviation problem caused by neglecting the tilt angle of equipment in traditional positioning methods.

[0102] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, the method also includes:

[0103] S301, For photovoltaic units marked as high-value capture units, assign them a base power generation weighting coefficient of a first preset multiple, wherein the first preset multiple is greater than 1;

[0104] For example, the base weight coefficient of the unmarked unit is 1, and the first preset multiple is 1.2 or 1.5. Then the weight coefficient of the high-value unit is 1.2 or 1.5, which occupies a higher weight in the calculation of the total power generation of the system. For example, when the theoretical power generation of both units is 100kWh, the marked unit is included in the total optimization target as 120kWh or 150kWh.

[0105] S303 assigns a base power generation weighting factor to unmarked photovoltaic units.

[0106] Based on the embodiments provided in this application, by assigning a higher power generation weight coefficient to high-value capture units, the system can prioritize ensuring the operational stability of high-efficiency units under scattered light-dominated environments during collaborative control. This dynamic weight allocation mechanism based on light environment characteristics breaks the traditional photovoltaic system's control logic of "treating all units equally," enabling targeted utilization of scarce light resources and ensuring optimized configuration of the system's overall power generation efficiency under complex lighting conditions.

[0107] Furthermore, based on the spatial location mapping relationship, the shadow interference region within a preset time period is predicted. Combined with the real-time solar altitude angle, differentiated control is implemented for each photovoltaic unit, including:

[0108] Construct a motion constraint model for photovoltaic units, in which,

[0109] Input parameters include: the set of three-dimensional coordinates of the support structure in the spatial location mapping relationship; the real-time solar altitude angle and its azimuth angle; and the power generation weighting coefficient of each photovoltaic unit.

[0110] The trajectory of the sun within a predetermined timeframe is simulated using a light projection algorithm.

[0111] Among them, the light projection algorithm has the following input parameters: current time, geographical location (latitude and longitude), real-time solar altitude angle and azimuth angle; calculate future trajectory: predict the sun's position in each time period (e.g., every 10 minutes) within a preset time period (e.g., 1 hour) according to the astronomical calendar model; project virtual light from the sun's position in each time period to the photovoltaic array, calculate the intersection of the light with the support structure, and simulate the shadow distribution.

[0112] For example, the preset time is 30 minutes, divided into 3 time periods (each time period is 10 minutes), to simulate the position of the sun and the shadow area at the 10th minute, 20th minute and 30th minute respectively.

[0113] Based on the coordinates of the support structure and the trajectory of the sun, the overlapping areas of the photovoltaic unit projections in each time period within the future preset time are calculated and marked as high-risk areas for shadow interference;

[0114] Establish an optimization objective function: maximize the total power generation of the system. The total power generation of the system is determined based on the theoretical power generation of each photovoltaic unit and the power generation weight coefficient of each photovoltaic unit. The theoretical power generation is calculated based on the irradiance reception rate between the preset orientation of the photovoltaic unit and the position of the sun.

[0115] Among them, the preset orientation refers to the spatial vector of the photovoltaic panel normal direction. The position of the sun is determined by the real-time rotation angle of the support mechanism (azimuth angle plus altitude angle), and the sun's position is defined by the ray vector of the solar altitude angle and azimuth angle. Sure.

[0116] In practical implementation, the following formula can be used as a reference:

[0117]

[0118] in, The total power generation of the system (kW); For the first The power generation weighting coefficient of each photovoltaic unit; For the first The theoretical power generation (kW) of each photovoltaic unit; This represents the total number of photovoltaic units.

[0119]

[0120]

[0121] in, The intensity of direct radiation perpendicular to the direction of sunlight; Atmospheric transmittance (0~1) characterizes the attenuation effect of the atmosphere on solar radiation; The cosine of the angle between the photovoltaic panel's normal vector and the direction of solar incidence; hour, 100% reception of direct light; hour, 50% receive direct sunlight.

[0122] The optimization objective function incorporates a modulation efficiency compensation factor; the modulation efficiency compensation factor is dynamically adjusted based on the real-time operating voltage state of the piezoelectric deformation unit.

[0123] Specifically, the objective function is dynamically adjusted and optimized based on the operating state of the piezoelectric deformation unit to balance the synergistic effect of mechanical rotation and optical modulation. For example, when the input voltage of the piezoelectric unit increases (e.g., from 5V to 10V), the modulation capability of the microprism array is enhanced, and the modulation efficiency compensation factor increases from 1.0 to 1.2. This makes the optimization objective function more inclined to increase power generation through optical modulation (rather than mechanical rotation) and reduce mechanical losses.

[0124] Set motion constraints: the center distance between adjacent photovoltaic units is not less than the dynamic safety threshold; the minimum avoidance angle increment of photovoltaic units in the high-risk area of ​​shadow interference is not less than 5°; the rotation priority of photovoltaic units marked as high-value capture units is increased to twice that of unmarked photovoltaic units;

[0125] In some embodiments, when a photovoltaic unit is labeled as a high-value capture unit, its theoretical power generation is superimposed with a scattered light gain compensation term that is positively correlated with the change in microcavity curvature; the method for determining the scattered light gain compensation term includes: obtaining the ratio of direct light to scattered light radiant flux monitored in real time by the light environment sensing unit; when the ratio is continuously lower than the scattered light dominance threshold, generating a composite voltage drive signal; the composite voltage drive signal includes a DC component that maintains the basic curvature and an AC modulation component that enhances scattered light capture; the frequency of the AC modulation component is in the resonant response frequency band of the piezoelectric material;

[0126] Solve for the optimal set of obstacle avoidance rotation angles for each photovoltaic unit, so that the optimization objective function converges under motion constraints.

[0127] Based on the embodiments provided in this application, a light projection algorithm based on spatial location mapping and solar trajectory, combined with an optimization model constructed using power generation weighting coefficients and dynamic constraints, can balance the obstacle avoidance requirements and power generation efficiency of each photovoltaic unit through differentiated control strategies while predicting the shadow interference region. This method integrates multiple parameters such as the three-dimensional coordinates of the support structure, solar altitude angle, and unit weighting coefficients, and achieves coordinated optimization of the piezoelectric deformation unit and the mechanical rotation mechanism by embedding a modulation efficiency compensation factor, thus solving the dynamic balance problem of shading avoidance and light capture in high-density arrays.

[0128] Furthermore, in the process of solving the optimal obstacle avoidance rotation angle set for each photovoltaic unit, a timing coordination instruction for the rotation control signal of the support mechanism and the voltage regulation signal of the piezoelectric deformation unit is generated simultaneously.

[0129] When the change in rotation angle exceeds the angle reset threshold, the timing coordination instruction includes a microcavity curvature reset voltage pulse triggered after the rotation action of the support mechanism is completed.

[0130] The angle reset threshold is the critical value of the stent rotation angle that triggers the microcavity curvature reset. When this value is exceeded, the optical modulation state needs to be reset. For example, the angle reset threshold is set to 5° or 10°. When the stent rotation angle reaches 6° (exceeding the 5° threshold) or 12° (exceeding the 10° threshold), a microcavity curvature reset signal is generated.

[0131] When the bracket rotates beyond a threshold angle, a short-duration voltage pulse is sent to restore the microprism array to its initial curvature, eliminating the optical adjustment deviation accumulated during rotation. For example, after the bracket rotates 15° (exceeding the 10° threshold), the control unit sends a reset pulse with a width of 5ms and a voltage of 0V to the piezoelectric deformation unit (assuming the initial voltage is 5V), instantly restoring the curvature of the microcavity edge to its initial state, ensuring the accuracy of subsequent optical modulation.

[0132] The parameters of the microcavity curvature reset voltage pulse are determined based on the solar incidence angle corresponding to the target rotation angle.

[0133] Methods for generating microcavity curvature reset voltage pulses include:

[0134] Calculate the expected angle of direct solar incidence based on the target rotation angle of the support structure;

[0135] The target microcavity curvature corresponding to the incident angle is determined by pre-stored optical modulation mapping relationships;

[0136] A single high-voltage pulse matching the target curvature is generated based on the voltage-curvature response characteristics of the piezoelectric deformation unit.

[0137] The output time of the high-voltage pulse is delayed until the arrival time of the signal indicating the completion of the rotation of the support mechanism.

[0138] Based on the embodiments provided in this application, timing coordination commands are generated synchronously when solving for the optimal rotation angle, ensuring the coordination between the rotation of the support mechanism and the voltage adjustment of the piezoelectric deformation unit. In particular, the microcavity curvature reset pulse triggered when the angle change is large can eliminate optical adjustment lag or deviation that may occur during mechanical rotation. This timing coupling design of electromechanical control signals avoids the asynchronous problem between mechanical action and optical modulation in traditional systems, improving the accuracy and reliability of optical tracking during complex adjustment processes.

[0139] Furthermore, the microprism array is composed of regularly arranged hexagonal protrusion units. The hollow region of each hexagonal protrusion unit forms a microcavity, and the angle between the central axis of the microcavity and the normal of the photovoltaic panel increases gradually from the center of the array to the edge.

[0140] The microcavity wall of the dynamic light modulation layer is covered with a full-band antireflection film; the refractive index of the antireflection film increases from 1.23 to 1.52 from the bottom of the microcavity towards the opening; the gradient increase is achieved by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition in eight deposition stages.

[0141] Based on the embodiments provided in this application, the microprism array employs regularly arranged hexagonal protruding units, and the angle between the central axis of the microcavity and the normal of the photovoltaic panel increases in a gradient. This biomimetic compound eye structure design enables the regional convergence of light rays with different incident angles. The microcavity in the central region efficiently focuses vertically incident light, while the microcavities in the edge regions increase the receiving range of obliquely incident light rays (including scattered light) through the gradient angle, forming a wide-angle light-capturing capability from the center to the edge. This overcomes the strict limitation of traditional planar photovoltaic panels on the incident angle of light and improves the light energy reception efficiency in complex light environments.

[0142] Furthermore, the determination of the dynamic security threshold includes:

[0143] Obtain the installation height difference between adjacent photovoltaic units;

[0144] Measure the real-time solar altitude angle;

[0145] The product of the installation height difference and the real-time solar altitude angle cotangent is used as the benchmark value for the dynamic safety threshold.

[0146] When adjacent photovoltaic units have a height difference, the lower unit may be shaded by the projection of the higher unit. The shadow length is determined by both the height difference and the solar altitude angle: the lower the solar altitude angle, the longer the shadow produced for the same height difference. The cotangent of the solar altitude angle essentially reflects the theoretical shadow length coefficient produced per unit height difference. For example, when the solar altitude angle β = 30°, cotβ ≈ 1.73, meaning that 1.73 meters of shadow are produced per meter of height difference; when β = 60°, cotβ ≈ 0.58, and the shadow length is significantly shortened.

[0147] Multiplying the installation height difference by the real-time cotangent of the solar altitude angle yields the baseline value for the dynamic safety threshold. This baseline value directly corresponds to the minimum critical distance for avoiding shadow occlusion at the current solar angle. The system adds a safety margin to this baseline value as the final dynamic safety threshold, achieving two major technical effects:

[0148] Precise anti-shading: When the sun's altitude angle is low (such as on a winter morning), the threshold automatically increases to prevent long shadows from interfering;

[0149] Spatial optimization: When the solar altitude angle is high (such as at noon in summer), the threshold decreases, allowing for a compact arrangement of photovoltaic arrays and improving land utilization.

[0150] Based on the embodiments provided in this application, the dynamic safety threshold is calculated based on the cotangent value of the installation height difference between adjacent photovoltaic units and the real-time solar altitude angle, which can dynamically adjust the minimum safe distance between adjacent devices according to changes in the sun's position. This adaptive threshold setting method avoids excessive shading at low solar altitude angles in the morning and evening or wasted space at high solar altitude angles at noon due to traditional fixed spacing designs. It achieves real-time matching between the photovoltaic array layout spacing and illumination conditions, maximizing land use efficiency while ensuring no shadow interference, and is particularly suitable for photovoltaic power station scenarios with undulating terrain or high-density arrangement.

[0151] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the patent. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the description and drawings of the present invention, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent photovoltaic power generation system with light direction tracking adjustment function, characterized in that, It includes a light environment sensing unit, a spatial positioning unit, a grid-connected inverter unit, and several photovoltaic units. Each photovoltaic unit includes a photovoltaic panel and a support mechanism, which drives the photovoltaic unit to rotate. Each photovoltaic panel has a dynamic light modulation layer coated on its light-receiving surface. The dynamic light modulation layer is composed of a microprism array with a biomimetic compound eye structure. Below the dynamic light modulation layer, a piezoelectric deformation unit is disposed, which is used to control the curvature change of the microcavity edge by input voltage; the microprism array is composed of regularly arranged hexagonal protrusion units, the hollow area of ​​each hexagonal protrusion unit forms a microcavity, and the angle between the central axis of the microcavity and the normal of the photovoltaic panel increases gradually from the center of the array to the edge. The light environment sensing unit is used to monitor the ratio of direct light to scattered light radiant flux of each photovoltaic unit in real time. The spatial positioning unit includes an ultrasonic transmitting array and a receiving sensor installed on the top of each support structure. The spatial positioning unit is used to transmit frequency-hopping coded sound waves and analyze the reflected sound wave signals to construct a spatial position mapping relationship between adjacent support structures. The grid-connected inverter unit is used to convert the DC power output from each photovoltaic panel into AC power and feed it into the power grid; The intelligent photovoltaic power generation system with light direction tracking adjustment function also includes a control unit, which is used for: When the radiative flux ratio of a photovoltaic unit exceeds the ratio threshold, the photovoltaic unit is marked as a high-value capture unit. The photovoltaic unit marked as a high-value capture unit is determined to be in a scattered light-dominated environment, and a voltage is applied to the piezoelectric deformation unit corresponding to the photovoltaic unit to cause the microcavity edge to warp in a specific direction; Based on the spatial location mapping relationship, the shadow interference area within a preset time period is predicted, and combined with the real-time solar altitude angle, the photovoltaic units are differentiated and controlled. Angle drift is suppressed in real time by magnetorheological dampers integrated into the rotation axis of each support mechanism. For photovoltaic units marked as high-value capture units, the control current of their magnetorheological dampers is increased to a second preset multiple of the rated value, which is greater than 1.

2. The intelligent photovoltaic power generation system with light direction tracking adjustment function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light environment sensing unit includes a four-quadrant photodetector array corresponding to each photovoltaic unit, wherein each detector includes a central photosensitive unit and an annular edge photosensitive unit. The ratio of direct light to scattered light radiant flux is calculated by the following formula: Radiant flux ratio = (Output current of the central photosensitive unit - Output current of the edge photosensitive unit) / Output current of the central photosensitive unit.

3. The intelligent photovoltaic power generation system with light direction tracking adjustment function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spatial positioning unit transmits frequency-hopping coded acoustic waves and analyzes the reflected acoustic wave signals to construct a spatial position mapping relationship between adjacent support mechanisms, including: Each support structure is assigned an independent working time slot for its ultrasonic transmitting array; Frequency-hopping coded acoustic pulses are transmitted within their respective time slots. The frequency-hopping sequence is generated based on a chaotic algorithm, and the difference between the transmission sequences of any two adjacent support structures is greater than a set difference threshold.

4. The intelligent photovoltaic power generation system with light direction tracking adjustment function according to claim 3, characterized in that, By iterating through each support mechanism as the target support mechanism, the following steps are performed to output the set of three-dimensional coordinates of all support mechanisms, so as to construct the spatial position mapping relationship between adjacent support mechanisms: The reflected sound wave signal is collected by a receiving sensor; The reflected sound wave signal is cross-correlated with the locally stored transmission sequence to determine the signal propagation delay; By combining the sound wave propagation speed and data from the dual-axis tilt sensor, the path geometric deviation is calculated and compensated to obtain the first distance value and the second distance value between the target support mechanism and two adjacent support mechanisms; The target support structure is used as the point to be located, and two adjacent support structures are used as reference points. Using the first distance value and the second distance value as radii respectively, construct the first sphere and the second sphere with the three-dimensional coordinates of the reference point as the center; Solve for the coordinates of the intersection point of the first and second spheres, and determine the three-dimensional coordinates of the target support mechanism by combining the ground elevation constraints of the support mechanism.

5. The intelligent photovoltaic power generation system with light direction tracking adjustment function according to claim 2, characterized in that, The system also includes: For photovoltaic units marked as high-value capture units, a base power generation weighting coefficient of a first preset multiple is assigned to them, and the first preset multiple is greater than 1. For unmarked photovoltaic units, a base power generation weighting factor is assigned to them.

6. The intelligent photovoltaic power generation system with light direction tracking adjustment function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of predicting the shadow interference region within a preset time period based on the spatial location mapping relationship, and combining it with the real-time solar altitude angle, to perform differentiated control on each photovoltaic unit includes: Construct a motion constraint model for photovoltaic units, in which, The input parameters include: the set of three-dimensional coordinates of the support structure in the spatial location mapping relationship; the real-time solar altitude angle and its azimuth angle; and the power generation weighting coefficient of each photovoltaic unit. The trajectory of the sun within a predetermined timeframe is simulated using a light projection algorithm. Based on the coordinates of the support structure and the trajectory of the sun, the overlapping areas of the photovoltaic unit projections in each time period within the future preset time are calculated and marked as high-risk areas for shadow interference; An optimization objective function is established: maximize the total power generation of the system. The total power generation of the system is determined based on the theoretical power generation of each photovoltaic unit and the power generation weight coefficient of each photovoltaic unit. The theoretical power generation is calculated based on the irradiance receiving rate model between the preset orientation of the photovoltaic unit and the position of the sun. The irradiance receiving rate model includes direct radiation intensity, incident angle cosine loss and atmospheric transmittance parameters. The optimization objective function incorporates a modulation efficiency compensation factor; the modulation efficiency compensation factor is dynamically adjusted according to the real-time operating voltage state of the piezoelectric deformation unit. Set motion constraints: the center distance between adjacent photovoltaic units is not less than the dynamic safety threshold; the minimum avoidance angle increment of photovoltaic units in the high-risk area of ​​shadow interference is not less than 5°; the rotation priority of photovoltaic units marked as high-value capture units is increased to twice that of unmarked photovoltaic units; Solve for the optimal set of obstacle avoidance rotation angles for each photovoltaic unit, so that the optimization objective function converges under the given motion constraints.

7. The intelligent photovoltaic power generation system with light direction tracking adjustment function according to claim 6, characterized in that, In the process of solving the optimal obstacle avoidance rotation angle set for each photovoltaic unit, a timing coordination command for the rotation control signal of the support mechanism and the voltage regulation signal of the piezoelectric deformation unit is generated simultaneously. When the change in rotation angle exceeds the angle reset threshold, the timing coordination instruction includes a microcavity curvature reset voltage pulse triggered after the rotation action of the support mechanism is completed.

8. The intelligent photovoltaic power generation system with light direction tracking adjustment function according to claim 7, characterized in that, The determination of the dynamic security threshold includes: Obtain the installation height difference between adjacent photovoltaic units; Measure the real-time solar altitude angle; The product of the installation height difference and the real-time solar altitude angle cotangent is used as the benchmark value for the dynamic safety threshold.

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