Coastal saline-alkali land wheat plastic film mulching planting method

Abstract

The invention provides a coastal saline-alkali soil wheat plastic film mulching planting method, and belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil wheat planting. The method comprises the following steps: S1, salt pressing: performing high-pressure salt pressing before sowing; s2, soil preparation: fertilizing after the soil moisture content is appropriate, and ploughing and leveling; s3, sowing and film mulching: selecting a salt-tolerant wheat variety for sowing, digging film mulching ditches on the two sides of sowing edge rows, placing the two sides of a mulching film in the film mulching ditches at the depth of 5 cm, backfilling and compacting, and reserving a gap between adjacent mulching films; and S4, when the preset number of days is reached after sowing, removing the mulching film, completing spring irrigation and topdressing with water, and entering a conventional wheat cultivation stage. By adopting the method, the mulching film after sowing forms a mulching film structure with two high sides and a low space between the mulching films, so that not only is the effect of increasing temperature and inhibiting salt on soil under the mulching film achieved, but also rainfall in a rainfall slack season in the mulching period is gathered through the mulching film structure formed in the early stage, and the effects of rainwater collection and permeation enhancement are achieved; the rainwater reaches the roots of crops in the film through lateral seepage in the soil, and water under the film is supplemented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wheat cultivation technology in saline-alkali land, and more particularly to a method for wheat cultivation with plastic film mulching in coastal saline-alkali land. Background Technology

[0002] The Yellow River Delta region is an important reserve of land resources in my country, with saline-alkali land covering as much as 476,000 hectares. This land is widely distributed, vast in area, and diverse in type. The salt composition is mainly chloride, accounting for over 80%, while the dominant cation is sodium. The soil salinity ranges from 1‰ to 10‰, and it is distributed in a tiered manner from west to east, classified into three types: mild, moderate, and severe saline-alkali land. It is a typical representative of coastal saline-alkali land. How to improve this land type and the cultivation of crops such as wheat, corn, cotton, and fruit trees has become a major issue.

[0003] Currently, some saline-alkali land areas have adopted the cultivation model of wheat planting in holes and mulching. However, in seasons with less rainfall, the flat surface of the film prevents salt from leaching to the bottom layer in time, causing rainwater to carry the salt in the capillary pores to the surface, exacerbating the salt accumulation on the surface. In seasons with more rainfall, the small gaps between the films and the wheat stalks blocking the planting holes prevent rainwater from infiltrating quickly, easily causing water accumulation and affecting yield. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in related technologies. To this end, this invention proposes a method for planting wheat under plastic film mulch in coastal saline-alkali land.

[0005] The technical solution of this invention to solve the technical problem is as follows: a method for planting wheat under plastic film mulch in coastal saline-alkali land is proposed, comprising the following steps: S1: Salt suppression, large-scale water suppression of salt is carried out before sowing; S2: Land preparation, after the soil moisture is suitable, fertilize, plow and level; S3: Sowing and mulching. Select salt-tolerant wheat varieties for sowing. Sow at least one row under the mulch film. Open mulching trenches on both sides of the sowing row. Place the mulch film on both sides in the mulching trenches, backfill and compact. Leave gaps between adjacent mulch films. S4: After the predetermined number of days have elapsed since sowing, the plastic film is removed and spring irrigation and topdressing with water are completed, and the wheat enters the conventional cultivation stage.

[0006] Preferably, in S1, the water pressure for salt irrigation is 100 m³ / mu, which reduces the salinity of the topsoil to below 3‰.

[0007] Preferably, in S2, the fertilizers used are urea and superphosphate, with application rates of 25 kg / mu and 33 kg / mu, respectively; the tillage depth is 25-30 cm.

[0008] Preferably, in S3, the salt-tolerant wheat sowing rate is 14-18 kg / mu, the row spacing is 15 cm, the depth and width of the mulching furrow are both 5 cm, the required mulching width is 75 cm, the actual mulching width is 90 cm, and the extra 15 cm is reserved for the later growth space of wheat seedlings.

[0009] Preferably, in S3, during the mulching stage, soil removal straps are laid on both sides above the mulch film, and the soil removal straps are placed together in the mulching trench, close to the top of the mulch film. Then, the mulch film and the soil removal straps are backfilled and compacted into the mulching trench. At this time, the backfill soil covers the soil removal straps. Preferably, in S4, before the removal of the mulch film, the soil removal strap is pulled up from the mulch film trench. During the process of pulling up the soil removal strap, the backfill soil above is brought out from the mulch film trench, so that the mulch film at the bottom is exposed on both sides. Then the mulch film is removed and recycled.

[0010] Preferably, in S3, salt-tolerant wheat is sown and mulched using a wheat sowing and mulching device. The wheat sowing and mulching device includes a base frame that moves within the sowing area using a traveling device. Below the base frame, a sowing device, a furrowing and mulching device, and a backfilling and compaction device are arranged sequentially in the direction of travel. The furrowing and mulching device includes a furrowing shovel located at the front. The furrowing shovel is vertically connected to the base frame via a telescopic component. Behind the furrowing shovel is a film-rolling wheel with mulch film wound on it. Behind the film-rolling wheel is a film-spreading wheel for assisting in laying the mulch film. Behind the film-spreading wheel are two sets of film-pressing wheels. The film-pressing wheels are configured to be vertically movable below the base frame, pressing the sides of the mulch film into the mulching furrow using the film-pressing wheels.

[0011] Preferably, it also includes two sets of tension strip laying devices, which are located between the film spreading wheel and the film pressing wheel, and are respectively located on both sides above the mulch film; the tension strip laying device includes a winding wheel rotatably connected to the base frame, on which the soil removal tension strip is wound. The soil removal tension strip is located above the mulch film during the laying process, and the two soil removal tension strips on both sides and above the mulch film are pressed into the mulch trench by the film pressing wheel.

[0012] Preferably, the backfilling and compaction device includes a backfilling shovel for shoveling the soil turned over by the trenching shovel back into the mulch trench. The backfilling shovel is constructed to be able to be raised and lowered below the base frame. A rear compaction wheel is provided behind the backfilling shovel to compact the backfilled soil in the mulch trench and stabilize the soil and fix the mulch.

[0013] Preferably, the rear pressing wheel is rotating during the movement of the wheat sowing and mulching equipment. A transmission component is provided between the rear pressing wheel and the spreading wheel to achieve synchronous rotation. The rotation of the rear pressing wheel drives the spreading wheel to rotate, which assists in the laying of the mulch film on the spreading wheel.

[0014] Compared with existing technologies, the above technical solution has the following advantages or beneficial effects: 1. In this invention, row sowing with mulching and trenching between the mulch films are used to create a mulching structure that is "high on both sides and low between the films" after sowing. The mulching not only warms the soil under the film and inhibits salt, but also collects the rainfall during the off-season of the mulching period through the mulching structure formed in the early stage, which has the effect of rainwater collection and infiltration. The rainwater then reaches the roots of the crops under the film through lateral infiltration inside the soil, replenishing the water under the film.

[0015] 2. In this invention, during the mulching stage, soil-removing straps are installed on both sides above the mulch film. Before removing the film, pulling the soil-removing straps simultaneously removes the backfill soil from the mulching trench, completely exposing both sides of the mulch film. The mulch film can then be easily and completely removed and recovered. This method of removing the film ensures that the soil-removing straps only operate on the soil and mulch film within the mulching trench, without contacting the wheat roots or stems, reducing the risk of mechanical damage. It eliminates the need for manual soil removal and significantly shortens the film removal operation time. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of wheat mulching in this invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the wheat sowing and mulching equipment and the traveling equipment in this invention.

[0019] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A three-dimensional structural diagram with a tensioning device.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a wheat sowing and mulching equipment with a strap laying device.

[0021] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 The main view in the text.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the integrated film collection device and the traveling device in this invention.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a front view of the integrated film collection device in operation during the present invention.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a top view of the integrated film collection device in this invention.

[0025] Explanation of markings in the diagram: a. Wheat sowing and mulching equipment; b. Traveling equipment; c. Mulch film; d. Soil-removing straps; e. Integrated film collection equipment; 1. Base frame; 2. Seeding device; 21. Seed box; 22. Seed trough wheel; 23. Seed lowering wheel; 24. Seed inlet tube; 25. Front press wheel; 3. Trenching and film covering device; 31. Trenching shovel; 32. Film winding wheel; 33. Film spreading wheel; 34. Film pressing wheel; 4. Backfilling and compaction device; 41. Backfilling shovel; 42. Rear compaction wheel; 5. Belt laying device; 51. Belt reel; 52. Drive motor; 6. Telescopic assembly; 7. Transmission assembly; e1, frame; e2, travel wheel; e3, membrane recovery device; e31, housing; e32, second rotating motor; e33, interception bar; e4, with recovery device; e41, support frame; e42, reel; e43, first rotating motor; e44, auxiliary wheel; e5, extension frame; e6, soil covering plate. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this invention more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0027] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer," etc., which indicate directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. This is merely for ease of description and does not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0028] Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0029] The following detailed description of some embodiments of this application is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0030] Example 1 like Figures 1 to 4 As shown in the figure, this embodiment proposes a method for planting wheat under plastic film mulch in coastal saline-alkali land, which includes the following steps: S1: Salt suppression, large-scale water suppression of salt 20-25 days before sowing; The flood irrigation method is adopted, with the amount of water per acre controlled at 100-150 cubic meters. This ensures that the water can evenly penetrate into the deep tillage layer of the soil, forming a shallow water layer of 3-5 cm on the surface and maintaining it for 3-5 days. Through flood irrigation, soluble salts in the soil surface are dissolved and leached into the deeper soil or drained out of the field, which can significantly reduce the salinity of the surface soil, increase soil moisture, and provide a suitable water base for subsequent land preparation and sowing.

[0031] S2: Land preparation, after the soil moisture is suitable, fertilize, plow and level; After salting, wait until there is no visible water on the surface and the soil moisture content is low enough that it can be formed into a clump when squeezed in the hand but crumbles easily when dropped. At this point, the soil is sticky but not mushy, making it easy to cultivate. During fertilization, the base fertilizer mainly aims to improve the soil and supplement nutrients. The selected types are urea and superphosphate, applied at 25 kg / mu and 33 kg / mu respectively. The tillage depth is 25-30 cm to break up the plow pan formed by long-term cultivation, promoting soil aeration and root development. After tilling, use a rotary tiller to break up the soil clods, and then use a rake to level the surface, ensuring that the surface slope is less than or equal to 1° and that there are no soil clods with a diameter greater than 5 cm.

[0032] Using organic fertilizer in combination with tillage can reduce soil bulk density, increase porosity, and enhance the soil's water retention, aeration, and nutrient storage capacity.

[0033] S3: Sowing and mulching. Salt-tolerant wheat varieties are selected for sowing. There is no less than one row of sowing under the mulch film c. Preferably, there are a total of 6 rows under each group of mulch film c. Mulching trenches are opened on both sides of the sowing row. The mulch film c is placed in the mulching trenches on both sides to a depth of 5 cm. Backfill and compact. Leave gaps between adjacent mulch film c. Before sowing, select salt-tolerant wheat varieties that have been screened, such as "Dekang 961" and "Qingmai 6". These varieties should be dried before sowing to break dormancy and improve germination rate. Sowing is then carried out using wheat sowing and mulching equipment (a), with a row spacing of 15 cm, a total of 6 rows, a sowing depth of 3-4 cm, and a sowing rate of 14-18 kg per mu (approximately 667 square meters). Immediately after sowing, cover the wheat with 0.01 mm thick, 1 m wide, aging-resistant polyethylene mulch film (c). Make mulching trenches on both sides of the sowing rows, with a depth and width of 5 cm. Bury the edges of the mulch film into the trenches, backfill with soil, and compact the soil to ensure there is no loosening on either side of the mulch film (c). Leave gaps between adjacent mulch films (c) for ventilation and later management.

[0034] It is worth noting that the required mulch width for sowing is 75 cm, but the actual mulch width is 90 cm. The extra 15 cm is reserved for the later growth space of wheat seedlings, allowing the ground to form an arch.

[0035] Plastic film (C) is used to block soil moisture evaporation and maintain stable soil moisture. The film is then backfilled and compacted to secure both sides, preventing it from being blown away by the wind and ensuring its stability. Gaps are left between adjacent film sections to facilitate observation of seedling growth and subsequent film removal operations.

[0036] S4: After sowing, once the predetermined number of days has elapsed, usually 120 days, the plastic film is removed and spring irrigation and topdressing with water are completed, the wheat enters the conventional cultivation stage.

[0037] About 120 days after sowing, usually around March, when the wheat is in the greening to jointing stage, the temperature rises, and the area under the mulch film becomes hot and humid. The mulch film needs to be removed manually or mechanically, taking care not to damage the wheat stems during removal. Immediately after removing the film, irrigate to ensure the water evenly penetrates to a depth of 30 cm. Apply urea with the irrigation water. If the soil is potassium deficient, potassium sulfate can be added. After this, normal management can resume, including weeding, pest and disease control, and foliar spraying of potassium dihydrogen phosphate during the grain-filling stage, until harvest.

[0038] Removing the plastic film during this period can prevent root burn from the high temperatures (>35℃) under the film during the high-temperature period, while also reducing the obstruction of the film to the elongation of wheat stems and ventilation and light penetration in the middle and late stages. Furthermore, spring irrigation further leaches away the surface salts, maintaining a low-salt soil environment; topdressing with irrigation water is directly absorbed by the roots, meeting their nutrient needs and promoting tillering, ear formation, and an increase in the number of grains per ear.

[0039] Comparative test Experimental and control groups were set up. The experimental group was planted using the wheat mulch planting method in coastal saline-alkali land as described in Specific Example 1. Control group 1 was planted using mechanical row sowing only, and control group 2 was planted using mechanical hole sowing with mulch. The sowing time was October 18th. On February 28th of the following year, soil and wheat-related parameters were measured. No watering was carried out during the period. The total rainfall was approximately 16.8 mm. The measurement results are shown in Table 1.

[0040] As can be seen from Table 1 below, the wheat mulch planting method of the present invention in coastal saline-alkali land improved the wheat emergence rate compared with control group 1 and control group 2 under the same climate environment and time. It reduced soil salinity within 120 days, increased soil moisture content and soil temperature, and played a role in salt suppression, warming and water collection. It also had a certain effect on the improvement of saline-alkali land, and the wheat growth was better.

[0041] Table 1 This result is related to the mulching of wheat after sowing. Mulching not only increases soil temperature but also helps retain moisture and suppress salt, which is beneficial for wheat emergence. At the same time, the invention has a clear design for the spacing between the films. By controlling the distance between the films, it can collect rainwater, increase infiltration, and fully wash away salt.

[0042] In the mulching stage of S3, soil removal strips d are laid above both sides of the mulch film c. The soil removal strips d are made of corrosion-resistant material. The soil removal strips d are closely attached to the top of the mulch film c and are placed together in the mulching trench. Then, the mulch film c and the soil removal strips d are backfilled and compacted into the mulching trench. At this time, the backfilled soil covers the soil removal strips d.

[0043] Before the removal of the plastic film c in S4, the soil removal strip d is pulled up from the mulch trench. During the process of pulling up the soil removal strip d, the backfill soil above is brought out from the mulch trench, so that the plastic film c at the bottom is exposed on both sides. Then the plastic film c is removed and recycled.

[0044] In the conventional film removal operation for wheat planting in saline-alkali land, the backfill soil in the mulch trench is compacted over a long period of time and adheres tightly to the sides of the film because the film needs to be buried in the mulch trench on both sides. Manual or mechanical removal of the film can easily cause the film to tear or break, leaving residual film in the soil and affecting subsequent cultivation.

[0045] In some methods of removing the mulch film, tools are used to first clear away the soil in the mulch trench to find the edge of the mulch film. If the soil is compacted, it will increase the difficulty of trenching, making it time-consuming and labor-intensive. Moreover, during the trenching process, the tools used, such as hoes, can easily come into contact with the wheat roots or stems, causing mechanical damage and affecting later growth.

[0046] To address this, the aforementioned method for removing the plastic film was proposed. Utilizing the soil-removing straps d pre-embedded on both sides of the plastic film c during the mulching stage, the backfill soil in the mulching trench is simultaneously removed by pulling up the straps d before removal, completely exposing both sides of the plastic film c. The plastic film c can then be easily and completely removed and recovered. In this method, the operation of the soil-removing straps d only affects the soil and plastic film c within the mulching trench, without contacting the wheat roots or stems, reducing the risk of mechanical damage. It eliminates the need for manual soil removal and significantly shortens the removal time.

[0047] refer to Figures 2 to 5 In S3, alkali-resistant wheat is sown and mulched using wheat sowing and mulching equipment a. The wheat sowing and mulching equipment a includes a base frame 1, which is detachably connected to a traveling device b and travels within the sowing area with the help of the traveling device b. Below the base frame 1, along the traveling direction and backward (from front to back), there are a sowing device 2, a furrowing and mulching device 3, and a backfilling and compaction device 4 arranged in sequence.

[0048] The sowing device 2 includes a seed box 21 connected to the base frame 1. The seed box 21 is equipped with a seed groove wheel for controlling the number of seeds to be sown. The seed groove wheel is a rotatable structure placed inside the seed box 21. It also includes several sets of seed-feeding wheels 23 connected to the bottom of the base frame 1. Several sets of seed-feeding pipes 24 are correspondingly connected between the seed-feeding wheels 23 and the seed box 21. The wheat seeds in the seed box 21 are sent into the sowing area by means of the seed-feeding pipes 24 and the seed-feeding wheels 23.

[0049] The trenching and mulching device 3 includes a trenching shovel 31 located at the front. The trenching shovel 31 is connected to the base frame 1 by means of a telescopic component 6. A film-winding wheel 32 is provided behind the trenching shovel 31. A mulch film c is wound on the film-winding wheel 32. A film-spreading wheel 33 for placing the buried mulch film c is provided behind the film-spreading wheel 32. Two sets of film-pressing wheels 34 are provided behind the film-spreading wheel 33. The film-pressing wheels 34 are constructed to be able to be raised and lowered below the base frame 1. The two sides of the mulch film c are pressed into the mulching trench by means of the film-pressing wheels 34.

[0050] The backfill compaction device 4 includes a backfill shovel 41 for turning the soil on the trenching shovel 31 back into the mulch trench. The backfill shovel 41 is constructed to be able to be raised and lowered below the base frame 1. Two sets of rear compaction wheels 42 are provided behind the backfill shovel 41 to compact the backfill soil in the mulch and stabilize the soil and fix the mulch.

[0051] During the movement of the wheat sowing equipment, the sowing device 2 operates first. The seed groove wheel 22 in the seed box 21 rotates to precisely control the number of wheat seeds sown. The seeds are transported through the seed inlet tube 24 to the corresponding seeding wheel 23, which then evenly distributes the seeds into the preset sowing area to complete the sowing. Subsequently, the furrowing and mulching device 3 operates continuously. The furrowing shovel 31 at the front is adjusted in height by the telescopic component 6 and then enters the soil to open a mulching trench. The film rolling wheel 32 at the rear releases the mulch film c, which is then unfolded and transported by the film spreading wheel 33. Then, two sets of film pressing wheels 34 follow closely behind, pressing the two sides of the mulch film c into the opened mulching trench to initially fix the mulch film c. Finally, the backfilling and compaction device 4 is used to finish the job. The backfilling shovel 41 pushes the soil turned over by the trenching shovel 31 back into the mulching trench, burying the two edges of the mulch film c. The two sets of rear compaction wheels 42 behind it compact the backfill soil in the trench and the soil in the covered area, making the soil compacted. This not only stabilizes the mulch film c to prevent it from being blown away by the wind, but also allows the seeds to be in close contact with the soil, which is conducive to subsequent germination and growth.

[0052] Continue to refer to Figures 4 to 5 To achieve the method of simultaneously burying the plastic film c and the soil-removing pull strip d in the mulching trench in S3, the wheat sowing and mulching equipment a adds two sets of pull strip laying devices 5, which are installed between the film spreading wheel 33 and the film pressing wheel 34, and respectively correspond to the upper two sides of the plastic film c. The pull strip laying device 5 includes ear plates connected to the bottom of the base frame 1, and a rotatable winding wheel 51 is connected between the two ear plates. A drive motor 52 is provided on one side of the ear plate. The drive motor 52 is connected to the winding wheel 51 and drives the winding wheel 51 to rotate to assist in the unfolding of the soil-removing pull strip d. During the actual operation, the soil-removing strap d unfolds as the reel 51 rotates, and remains at the two edges above the ground during the laying process. Then, when the pressing wheel 34 operates, it will press the soil-removing strap d on both sides of the film c and above it into the mulching trench, achieving synchronous burial of both.

[0053] The newly added tensioning device 5 integrates the laying of the mulch film c and the soil removal tensioning device d, simplifying the equipment structure and reducing manufacturing costs. At the same time, it can significantly reduce the laying time of the mulch film c and the tensioning device. The drive motor 52 controls the winding wheel 51 to rotate and unfold, keeping it synchronized with the unfolding speed of the mulch film c and the traveling speed of the equipment. This ensures that the tensioning device and the edge of the mulch film c are aligned and buried, avoiding problems such as misalignment and ensuring the quality of burial.

[0054] The telescopic assembly 6 used to raise and lower the trenching shovel 31, the backfilling shovel 41, and the pressure roller 34 can adopt any of the existing technologies such as electric telescopic rod, top screw positioning telescopic, and bolt positioning telescopic.

[0055] Furthermore, the aforementioned rear pressing wheel 42 rotates during travel. A transmission assembly 7 for synchronous rotation is provided between the rear pressing wheel 42 and the film spreading wheel 33. The rotation of the rear pressing wheel 42 drives the film spreading wheel 33 to rotate, assisting in the laying of the mulch film c on the film spreading wheel 33. Similarly, a transmission assembly 7 for synchronous rotation is provided between the aforementioned front pressing wheel 25 and the seed groove wheel inside the seed box 21. The transmission of the front pressing wheel 25 drives the seed groove wheel to rotate, thereby controlling the number of seeds sown in the seed box 21. The transmission assemblies 7 used for the front pressing wheel 25 and the rear pressing wheel 42 have the same structure, both achieving transmission through existing technologies such as sprocket and chain components or belt and pulley components.

[0056] Example 2 During the S4 film removal stage, conventional operations require manual pulling and retrieving of the soil removal straps d in the film covering trench to remove the backfill soil, and then the film c is recycled. The whole process is time-consuming and labor-intensive.

[0057] like Figures 6 to 8 As shown, based on this, this embodiment proposes an integrated film collection device e. The front of the integrated film collection device e is detachably connected to a traveling device. The traveling device b drives the integrated film collection device e to move forward, so as to realize the recycling of the soil removal strap d and the mulch film c. Specifically, the integrated film collection equipment e includes a frame e1, with two sets of travel wheels e2 at the tail of the frame e1 for auxiliary support and movement. Above the frame e1 is a film collection device e3 for winding up the mulch film c. Two sets of belt collection devices e4 are spaced apart on the front side of the film collection device e3. The belt collection devices e4 are located on both sides of the film collection device e3. A rotatable roller e42 is installed in the belt collection device e4, and the aforementioned soil removal belt d is wound on the roller e42. During the collection process, the two sets of soil removal belts d are respectively located above the mulch film c, so that the soil removal belts d can remove the backfill soil in the mulch trench before collecting the mulch film c, which can effectively ensure the integrity of the mulch film c collection.

[0058] Furthermore, an extension frame e5 is provided inside the frame e1. The retrieval device e4 is positioned inside the frame e1 by means of the extension frame e5, so that the soil-removing strap d can be positioned above the mulch film c during the retrieval process. Specifically, the extension frame e5 and the retrieval device e4 include a support frame e41, which is connected to the lower part of the extension frame e5 by welding or other detachable connection. A rotatable reel e42 is provided at the bottom of the support frame e41. The reel is driven to rotate by a first rotating motor e43 located on one side of the support frame e41 to realize the retrieval of the soil-removing strap d.

[0059] Below the extension frame e5, there is also a tow bar with a rotatable auxiliary wheel e44. During the soil removal belt d recovery stage, the auxiliary wheel e44 abuts against the bottom of the soil removal belt d to offset the slack and ensure that the soil removal belt d can be smoothly wound onto the reel e42.

[0060] Furthermore, the extension frame e5, reel e42, tow bar, and auxiliary wheel in the recycling device e4 are all arranged at an outward tilt. This outward tilting structural design forcibly guides the backfill soil above the soil removal belt d to the oblique outer side, cutting off the path of the soil falling back onto the surface of the mulch film c as the soil removal belt d moves, thus making the surface of the recycled mulch film c relatively clean. At the same time, the tilting design ensures that the belt is evenly stressed and runs smoothly during the winding process by timely removing soil, thereby improving winding efficiency.

[0061] In this embodiment, the film winding device includes a protective housing e31 located on the frame e1. A rotatable shaft is installed inside the protective housing e31 via a second rotating motor e32, and the aforementioned mulch film c is wound around the shaft. Two intercepting rods e33 are provided at the closing end of the protective housing e31. The mulch film c is wound onto the shaft between the two intercepting rods e33. The two intercepting rods help to clean the mulch film c to a certain extent, ensuring that the mulch film c does not contain clumps of soil, tree roots, or other debris during the recycling process.

[0062] In this embodiment, a soil covering plate e6 is provided at the tail end of the frame e1. The soil covering plate e6 is constructed to be able to be raised and lowered based on the structure below the frame e1. With the help of the soil covering plate e6, the soil brought out by the soil removal strap d can be pushed back into the mulch trench, so that the saline-alkali land can be restored to its original state to a certain extent after the mulch is removed.

[0063] Although the specific embodiments of the invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, this is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the invention. Based on the technical solutions of the invention, various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort are still within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting wheat under plastic film mulch in coastal saline-alkali land, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Salt suppression, large-scale water suppression of salt is carried out before sowing; S2: Land preparation, after the soil moisture is suitable, fertilize, plow and level; S3: Sowing and mulching. Select salt-tolerant wheat varieties for sowing. Sow at least one row under the mulch film (c). Open mulching trenches on both sides of the sowing row. Place the mulch film (c) on both sides in the mulching trenches, backfill and compact. Leave gaps between adjacent mulch films (c). S4: After the predetermined number of days have elapsed since sowing, the plastic film is removed (c), and spring irrigation and topdressing with water are completed before entering the conventional wheat cultivation stage.

2. The method for planting wheat under plastic film mulch in coastal saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the water volume for high-pressure salt irrigation is 100 m³ / mu, which reduces the salinity of the topsoil to below 3‰.

3. The method for planting wheat under plastic film mulch in coastal saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the fertilizers used are urea and superphosphate, with application rates of 25 kg / mu and 33 kg / mu, respectively; the tillage depth is 25-30 cm.

4. A method for planting wheat under plastic film mulch in coastal saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, the sowing rate of salt-tolerant wheat is 14-18 kg / mu, the row spacing is 15 cm, the depth and width of the mulching furrow are both 5 cm, the required mulching width is 75 cm, the actual mulching width is 90 cm, and the extra 15 cm is reserved for the growth space of wheat seedlings in the later stage.

5. A method for planting wheat under plastic film mulch in coastal saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, during the mulching stage, soil removal strips (d) are laid on both sides above the mulch film (c). The soil removal strips (d) are placed in the mulching trench together, close to the top of the mulch film (c). Then, the mulch film (c) and the soil removal strips (d) are backfilled and compacted into the mulching trench. At this time, the backfill soil covers the soil removal strips (d).

6. A method for planting wheat under plastic film mulch in coastal saline-alkali land according to claim 5, characterized in that, In S4, before the removal of the mulch film (c), the soil removal strip (d) is pulled up from the mulch film trench. During the process of pulling up the soil removal strip (d), the backfill soil above is brought out from the mulch film trench, so that the mulch film (c) at the bottom is exposed on both sides. Then the mulch film (c) is removed and recycled.

7. A method for planting wheat under plastic film mulch in coastal saline-alkali land according to any one of claims 1 and 6, characterized in that, In S3, salt-tolerant wheat is sown and mulched using a wheat sowing and mulching device (a). The wheat sowing and mulching device (a) includes a base frame (1), which moves within the sowing area using a traveling device (b). Below the base frame (1), a sowing device (2), a furrowing and mulching device (3), and a backfilling and compaction device (4) are arranged sequentially along the direction of travel. The furrowing and mulching device (3) includes a furrowing shovel (31) located at the front. The furrowing shovel (31) is extended by a telescopic mechanism. The component (6) is connected to the base frame (1) in a height-adjustable manner. A film-rolling wheel (32) is provided behind the trenching shovel (31). The film-rolling wheel (32) is wrapped with mulch film (c). A film-spreading wheel (33) for assisting in laying the mulch film (c) is provided behind the film-spreading wheel (33). Two sets of film-pressing wheels (34) are provided behind the film-spreading wheel (33). The film-pressing wheel (34) is constructed to be able to be raised and lowered below the base frame (1). The film-pressing wheel (34) presses the two sides of the mulch film (c) into the mulching trench.

8. A method for planting wheat under plastic film mulch in coastal saline-alkali land according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes two sets of strap laying devices (5), which are located between the film spreading wheel (33) and the film pressing wheel (34) and are respectively located on both sides above the mulch film (c); the strap laying device (5) includes a winding wheel (51) rotatably connected to the base frame (1), and the soil removal strap (d) is wound on the winding wheel (51). The soil removal strap (d) is located above the mulch film (c) during the laying process, and the two soil removal straps (d) on both sides and above the mulch film (c) are pressed into the mulch trench by means of the film pressing wheel (34).

9. A method for planting wheat under plastic film mulch in coastal saline-alkali land according to claim 7, characterized in that, The backfill compaction device (4) includes a backfill shovel (41) for shoveling the soil turned up by the trenching shovel (31) back into the mulch trench. The backfill shovel (41) is constructed to be able to be raised and lowered below the base frame (1). A rear compaction wheel (42) is provided behind the backfill shovel (41) to compact the backfill soil in the mulch trench and stabilize the soil and fix the membrane.

10. A method for planting wheat under plastic film mulch in coastal saline-alkali land according to claim 7, characterized in that, The rear pressing wheel (42) is in a rotating state during the movement of the wheat sowing and mulching equipment (a). A transmission component (7) for synchronous rotation is provided between the rear pressing wheel (42) and the spreading wheel (33). The rotation of the rear pressing wheel (42) drives the spreading wheel (33) to rotate, which helps to lay the mulch film (c) on the spreading wheel (33).

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