Quick change device and tool change method for realizing variable-diameter turning of machine tool

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of turning of numerical control machine tools, and discloses a quick change device and a tool change method for realizing variable-diameter turning of a machine tool. The quick change device comprises a variable-diameter turning cutter head unit, a power seat unit and a main shaft mounting unit. According to the quick change device, the turning tool 10 of the numerical control machine tool moves in the U-axis direction and rotates around the axis of the main shaft. Under the condition that a machined part does not rotate, the turning tool 10 conducts variable-diameter turning through active movement, and conical curved surface machining is achieved. According to the tool changing method, the variable-diameter turning cutterhead unit, the power base unit and the main shaft mounting unit are matched with the variable-diameter turning cutterhead grabbing mechanism, the variable-diameter turning cutterhead unit storage library and the power base unit storage plate in a moving mode, and the storage capacity of a machine tool to the variable-diameter turning cutterhead unit is expanded through the specific tool changing method. The expansibility and the compatibility of the machine tool to the variable-diameter turning cutter head unit are further realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of CNC machine tool turning, and relates to a quick-change device and tool changing method for realizing variable diameter turning on machine tools. Background Technology

[0002] Horizontal milling and turning machining centers, as core equipment in modern manufacturing, are experiencing continuous market demand growth. The diversified market demands have spurred technological innovation in machine tools. CNC machine tools perform fixed-diameter turning, with the workpiece's rotation center concentric with the workpiece spindle. Milling, on the other hand, primarily utilizes coordinate point trajectory methods. When machining complex curved surfaces, tool path planning is typically employed. For example, Yuan Yu's paper, "Research on Machining Technology of Complex Curved Surfaces of Aircraft Parts Based on Computer Numerical Control Technology," proposes a tool path planning method combining equidistant cutting algorithms and path optimization techniques, along with a cutting strategy combining layer-by-layer cutting and contour cutting. Tool path planning is a core element in machining complex curved surfaces, directly impacting machining accuracy, efficiency, and surface quality. It is evident that the more tool paths involved, the more complex the curve, the more moving axes involved in the linkage, the worse the trajectory optimization effect, and the lower the surface quality. Therefore, when machining complex curved surfaces such as conical surfaces, reducing the number of moving axes involved in the linkage and decreasing the complexity of the tool path formation can better reduce machining errors and improve machining efficiency and surface roughness.

[0003] Therefore, this invention proposes configuring a variable-diameter turning function in the tool spindle assembly, combining tool rotation and tool tip position movement to achieve conical turning. The variable-diameter turning device is controlled by a CNC system to achieve linkage interpolation with the CNC axes, enabling the machining of various rotating surfaces, internal and external circles, end faces, threads, etc. This function optimizes the traditional multi-axis large displacement linkage method for milling curved surfaces into single-axis unidirectional motion, reducing the probability of poor machining quality due to motion errors. This invention employs a quick-change device and a specific tool-changing method to achieve tool grabbing according to working conditions, allowing for tool retrieval when needed and storage when not in use. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems in the prior art, this invention provides a quick-change device for variable-diameter turning on a machine tool. The device mainly comprises a variable-diameter turning tool disc unit, a power base unit, and a spindle mounting unit. This device enables the turning tool 10 of the CNC machine tool to move along the U-axis and rotate around the spindle 1 axis. This allows the turning tool 10 to perform variable-diameter turning through active motion without rotating the workpiece, achieving the machining of conical surfaces. A tool-changing method is proposed, which mainly involves the kinematic coordination between the various units of the quick-change device (variable-diameter turning tool disc unit, power base unit, spindle mounting unit) and the variable-diameter turning tool disc gripping mechanism 37, the variable-diameter turning tool disc unit storage unit 42, and the power base unit storage plate 39. Furthermore, through a specific tool-changing method, the machine tool's storage capacity for the variable-diameter turning tool disc unit is expanded, further realizing the machine tool's expandability and compatibility with the variable-diameter turning tool disc unit.

[0005] The technical solution of this invention:

[0006] A quick-change device for realizing variable diameter turning on a machine tool includes a variable diameter turning tool head unit, a power base unit, and a spindle mounting unit;

[0007] The variable diameter turning tool head unit mainly consists of a spindle tool holder 3, bearing 4, fixed seat 5, bearing 6, lead screw 7, rotary tool head 8, lead screw nut 9, turning tool 10, tool diameter changing motion plate 11, cylindrical gear 12, cylindrical gear 2 13, bearing 3 14, bevel gear shaft 15, bevel gear 16, and power transmission shaft 17. The rotary tool head 8 is assembled with the fixed seat 5 through bearing 4 and bearing 6. The rotary tool head 8 is further connected to the spindle tool holder 3, inputting rotational power to the spindle tool holder 3, allowing the rotary tool head 8 to rotate. The power transmission shaft 17 is installed in the fixed seat 5, with one end of it interference-fitted with bevel gear 16, which meshes with bevel gear shaft 15. Gear shaft 15 is fixed to the fixed seat 5 via bearing 3 14. Bevel gear shaft 15 is fixedly connected to cylindrical gear 2 13. Cylindrical gear 2 13 meshes with cylindrical gear 12. Cylindrical gear 12 is connected to lead screw 7. Lead screw 7 is connected to lead screw nut 9. The rotation of lead screw 7 drives lead screw nut 9 to perform linear motion. Tool diameter changing motion plate 11 is connected to lead screw nut 9. Tool diameter changing motion plate 11 performs linear motion. Turning tool 10 is connected to tool diameter changing motion plate 11. Turning tool 10 performs linear motion, which is the U-axis direction. The rotation of rotary cutter head 8, combined with the diameter changing linear motion of turning tool 10, realizes the diameter changing turning machining of tapered workpiece 36.

[0008] The power unit mainly consists of bevel gear shaft 2 (18), bearing assembly 4 (19), power connection module body (20), bearing assembly 5 (21), bevel gear shaft 3 (22), motor connection bevel gear sleeve (23), motor (24), zero-point positioning chuck (26), vibration damping recess module (28), power unit housing (29), sealing strip (30), zero-point positioning pull stud 2 (31), quick-release air supply plug (32), airtight quick-release air supply plug (33), and quick-change power pin (34). Bevel gear shaft 2 (18) serves as the power unit connected to the variable diameter turning tool head. The transmission shaft, bevel gear shaft 18, is connected to the other end of the power transmission shaft 17; bevel gear shaft 18 is fixed to the power connection module body 20, and bevel gear shaft 18 meshes with bevel gear shaft 22. Bevel gear shaft 22 is fixed to the power connection module body 20 through bearing assembly 4 19 and bearing assembly 5 21; bevel gear shaft 22 further meshes with motor connection bevel gear sleeve 23, motor connection bevel gear sleeve 23 is connected to the output shaft of motor 24, and motor 24 is fixed to the power housing 29. The current motor power transmission; the zero-point positioning chuck 26 is installed on the upper surface of the power base housing 29, and the quick-release air supply plug 32 and the quick-seal air supply plug 33 are installed on the lower surface of the power base housing 29. Both the quick-release air supply plug 32 and the quick-seal air supply plug 33 are connected to the zero-point positioning chuck 26. Air is supplied to the quick-release air supply plug 32 to release the zero-point positioning chuck 26, and air is supplied to the quick-seal air supply plug 33 to achieve airtight protection for the zero-point positioning chuck 26; vibration damping. The recessed module 28 is installed on the upper surface of the power base housing 29; the sealing strip 30 is fixed around the power base housing 29 to form a closed ring, thereby sealing the parts inside the closed ring; the zero-point positioning pull pin 31 is installed on the lower surface of the power base housing 29, and the zero-point positioning pull pin 31 is a connecting positioning component between the power base unit and the power base unit storage board 39; the quick-change power connector 34 is installed on the upper surface of the power base housing 29, and the power line and encoder line of the motor 24 are connected to the quick-change power connector 34.

[0009] The spindle mounting unit mainly consists of a spindle 1, a spindle drawbar mechanism 2, a zero-point positioning pull pin 25, an anti-vibration damping cam module 27, and a quick-change power socket 35. The spindle drawbar mechanism 2 is used to connect the spindle 1 and the spindle tool holder 3. The anti-vibration damping cam module 27 is installed on the spindle 1 and interlocks with the anti-vibration damping recess module 28 during use to connect the power seat unit and the spindle mounting unit. The zero-point positioning pull pin 25 is installed on the spindle 1 and is inserted into the zero-point positioning chuck 26 in the power seat unit during use to achieve mounting. The quick-change power socket 35 is installed in the spindle 1 and connects to the external power cable and encoder cable. During use, it interlocks with the quick-change power connector 34 to achieve power and signal connection, providing power and signal feedback to the motor 24 in the power seat unit.

[0010] The quick-change method for implementing a quick-change device in variable-diameter turning machining on a machine tool requires designing a variable-diameter turning tool magazine unit, a power base unit for storing auxiliary tool magazines, and an automatic tool-changing mechanism within the machine tool. The variable-diameter turning tool magazine unit mainly consists of a variable-diameter turning tool magazine unit storage unit 42 and a storage unit rotation control unit 41. The storage unit rotation control unit 41 controls the rotation of the variable-diameter turning tool magazine unit storage unit 42, which houses multiple variable-diameter turning tool magazine units. The power base unit for storing auxiliary tool magazines mainly consists of a hydraulic cylinder 38, a power base unit storage plate 39, and a guide rail slider support system 40. The power base unit storage plate 39 stores power base units and is connected to the guide rail slider support system 40 and the hydraulic cylinder 38, which controls the extension and retraction of the power base unit storage plate 39. The automatic tool-changing mechanism, i.e., the variable-diameter turning tool magazine gripping mechanism 37, is a tool-changing module integrated into the machine tool.

[0011] Quick-change methods include quick-change of the variable-diameter turning tool head unit and quick-change of the power unit;

[0012] The quick change of the variable diameter turning tool head unit is achieved by the variable diameter turning tool head gripping mechanism 37 gripping the spindle tool holder 3 and inserting or removing the variable diameter turning tool head unit along the axis of the spindle 1. Insertion indicates the variable diameter turning tool head unit is loaded, and removal indicates the variable diameter turning tool head unit is unloaded. When loading the variable diameter turning tool head unit, the spindle tool holder 3 is inserted into the spindle 1, and the spindle puller mechanism 2 is tightened with the spindle tool holder 3 to complete the rotational connection. At the same time, the power transmission shaft 17 and the bevel gear shaft 18 are inserted to realize the power transmission to the variable diameter turning tool head unit. When unloading the variable diameter turning tool head unit, the variable diameter turning tool head gripping mechanism 37 pulls out the variable diameter turning power tool head unit and moves it to the fixed position of the variable diameter turning tool head unit storage storage 42, and inserts the spindle tool holder 3 into the hole for storage.

[0013] The quick change of the power seat unit is achieved by the movement position change of the machine tool spindle mounting unit and the telescopic movement of the power seat unit storage plate 39. The zero-point positioning pull pin 2 31 is fixedly installed corresponding to the power seat unit storage plate 39. When the air supply quick plug 32 is released, the zero-point positioning chuck 26 is released, thus realizing the quick change of the power seat unit.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention is the first to configure a zero-point quick-change turning device in a milling-turning composite machine tool, and designs a specific tool changing method by combining the quick-change device, automatic gripping mechanism, and storage unit. This enables automatic switching of the machine tool's turning function, expands the machine tool's tool carrying capacity, improves the processing efficiency of parts manufacturing, and is more conducive to ensuring the geometric accuracy and surface roughness of complex curved surfaces such as conical surfaces, providing a new method for full-function precision machining of milling-turning composite machine tools. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the transmission scheme for a quick-change device in variable-diameter turning.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a partial enlarged view of the transmission scheme for the quick-change device in variable-diameter turning.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the quick-change device assembly structure for variable diameter turning.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the motion principle of variable diameter turning.

[0019] Figure 5 An exploded view of the tool changing method for quick-change devices in variable-diameter turning.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Spindle; 2. Spindle broaching mechanism; 3. Spindle tool holder; 4. Bearing 1; 5. Fixed seat; 6. Bearing 2; 7. Leadscrew; 8. Rotary cutter head; 9. Leadscrew nut; 10. Turning tool; 11. Tool diameter changing plate; 12. Cylindrical gear 1; 13. Cylindrical gear 2; 14. Bearing assembly 3; 15. Bevel gear shaft 1; 16. Bevel gear 1; 17. 18 Power drive shaft; 19 Bevel gear shaft II; 20 Bearing assembly IV; 21 Power connection module body; 22 Bearing assembly V; 23 Bevel gear shaft III; 24 Motor connection bevel gear sleeve; 25 Motor; 26 Zero-point positioning rivet; 27 Zero-point positioning chuck; 28 Vibration damping convex module; 29 Vibration damping concave module; 30 Power seat housing; 31 Sealing strip; 32 Zero-point positioning rivet II; 33 Quick-release air supply plug; 34 Quick-change power supply pin; 35 Quick-change power supply socket; 36 Conical workpiece; 37 Variable diameter turning tool holder gripping mechanism; 38 Hydraulic cylinder; 49 Power seat unit storage plate; 40 Guide rail slider support system; 41 Storage unit rotation control unit; 42 Variable diameter turning tool holder storage unit. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and technical solutions.

[0022] This invention provides a quick-change device and a tool-changing method for realizing variable-diameter turning on a machine tool. A three-dimensional structural diagram of the device is shown below. Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the variable diameter turning principle of this device is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the exploded diagram of the tool changing method in machine tool applications is as follows: Figure 5 As shown.

[0023] A quick-change device for realizing variable-diameter turning on a machine tool mainly consists of a variable-diameter turning tool head unit, a power base unit, and a spindle mounting unit. When the function is activated, the variable-diameter turning tool head unit, the power base unit, and the spindle mounting unit are connected together.

[0024] The tool changing procedure for machine tool applications is as follows:

[0025] The workpiece is conical in shape and is machined using a variable diameter turning method. That is, the workpiece remains stationary while the turning tool rotates around the workpiece axis. At the same time, the tool feeds in the depth of cut direction and the turning radius changes in the direction of the cone generatrix.

[0026] When the variable diameter turning function is activated, the spindle 1 moves to a designated position near the power base unit storage plate 39. Oil is supplied to cylinder 38, the power base unit storage plate 39 extends, and air is supplied to the chuck release quick-connect plug 32. The zero-point positioning chuck 26 is opened, and the spindle 1 moves to insert the zero-point positioning pull stud 25 into the zero-point positioning chuck 26. The air supply to the chuck release quick-connect plug 32 is then cut off, allowing the zero-point positioning chuck 26 to clamp the zero-point positioning pull stud 25. This completes the mounting action between the power tool holder unit and the spindle mounting unit. The spindle 1 moves to the designated tool change position and begins mounting the variable diameter turning tool head unit. The storage unit rotation control unit controls the rotation of the variable diameter turning tool holder storage unit 42 (41), changing the workstation where the variable diameter turning tool holder unit is stored to the tool changing position. The variable diameter turning tool holder gripping mechanism 37 grips the spindle tool holder 3, pulls out the variable diameter turning tool holder unit, and moves it to the designated changing position on the spindle 1. The variable diameter turning unit is simultaneously inserted into the bevel gear shaft 18 in both the spindle 1 and the power base unit. The spindle puller mechanism 2 in the spindle 1 tightens the spindle tool holder 3, completing the rotational motion connection of the turning tool 10. The power transmission shaft 17 is then inserted into the bevel gear shaft 18, completing the linear motion connection of the turning tool 10. When the variable diameter turning tool function is paused, the described tool changing and unloading process is the reverse of the control logic for activating this function.

[0027] This invention utilizes special transmission, positioning, and connection quick-change structural components, combined with a specific tool-changing method, to achieve rapid mounting of the quick-change device for variable-diameter turning. Furthermore, this structural method enables tool expansion, improving the tool head's tool-carrying capacity in mill-turning machines. Applying this invention to mill-turning machines better addresses the high-precision machining requirements of special parts in CNC machine tools, proposing a new structure and control method.

Claims

1. A quick-change device for realizing variable-diameter turning machining on a machine tool, characterized in that, The quick-change device for realizing variable diameter turning on machine tools includes a variable diameter turning tool head unit, a power seat unit, and a spindle mounting unit; The variable diameter turning tool head unit mainly consists of a spindle tool holder (3), bearing 1 (4), fixed seat (5), bearing 2 (6), lead screw (7), rotary tool head (8), lead screw nut (9), turning tool (10), tool variable diameter motion plate (11), cylindrical gear 1 (12), cylindrical gear 2 (13), bearing 3 (14), bevel gear shaft 1 (15), bevel gear 1 (16), and power transmission shaft (17). The rotary tool head (8) is assembled with the fixed seat (5) through bearing 1 (4) and bearing 2 (6). The rotary tool head (8) is further connected to the spindle tool holder (3) to input rotational power to the spindle tool holder (3), and the rotary tool head (8) can rotate. The power transmission shaft (17) is installed in the fixed seat (5), and one end of it is interference-fitted with bevel gear 1 (16). Bevel gear 1 (16) and bevel gear shaft 1 (17) are connected to each other. 5) Meshing; the bevel gear shaft 1 (15) is fixed to the fixed seat (5) through the bearing 3 (14), the bevel gear shaft 1 (15) is fixedly connected to the cylindrical gear 2 (13), the cylindrical gear 2 (13) meshes with the cylindrical gear 1 (12), the cylindrical gear 1 (12) is connected to the lead screw (7), the lead screw (7) is connected to the lead screw nut (9), the lead screw (7) rotates, driving the lead screw nut (9) to perform linear motion; the tool diameter changing motion plate (11) is connected to the lead screw nut (9), the tool diameter changing motion plate (11) performs linear motion; the turning tool (10) is connected to the tool diameter changing motion plate (11), the turning tool (10) performs linear motion, the linear motion is the U-axis direction motion, the rotation of the rotating cutter head (8) is combined with the diameter changing linear motion of the turning tool (10) to realize the diameter changing turning of the conical workpiece (36); The power unit mainly consists of bevel gear shaft two (18), bearing group four (19), power connection module body (20), bearing group five (21), bevel gear shaft three (22), motor connection bevel gear sleeve (23), motor (24), zero-point positioning chuck (26), vibration damping concave module (28), power unit housing (29), sealing strip (30), zero-point positioning pull stud two (31), quick-release air supply plug (32), air-tight quick-release air supply plug (33), and quick-change power pin (34); bevel gear shaft two (18) serves as the connection to the variable diameter turning tool head unit. The power transmission shaft is connected, and the other end of the bevel gear shaft two (18) is connected to the power transmission shaft (17); the bevel gear shaft two (18) is fixed in the power connection module body (20), and the bevel gear shaft two (18) meshes with the bevel gear shaft three (22). The bevel gear shaft three (22) is fixed in the power connection module body (20) through the bearing group four (19) and the bearing group five (21); the bevel gear shaft three (22) further meshes with the motor connection bevel gear sleeve (23), the motor connection bevel gear sleeve (23) is connected to the output shaft of the motor (24), and the motor (24) is connected to the power housing. (29) Fixing to realize motor power transmission; Zero point positioning clamp (26) is installed on the upper surface of the power seat box (29), and loose clamp air supply quick plug (32) and air seal quick air supply plug (33) are installed on the lower surface of the power seat box (29). Both loose clamp air supply quick plug (32) and air seal quick air supply plug (33) are connected to the zero point positioning clamp (26). Air is supplied to the loose clamp air supply quick plug (32) to realize the loose clamping of the zero point positioning clamp (26), and air is supplied to the air seal quick air supply plug (33) to realize the air seal protection of the zero point positioning clamp (26). The vibration damping recess module (28) is installed on the upper surface of the power seat housing (29); the sealing strip (30) is fixed around the power seat housing (29) to form a closed ring, thereby sealing the parts inside the closed ring; the zero-point positioning pull pin II (31) is installed on the lower surface of the power seat housing (29), and the zero-point positioning pull pin II (31) is the connection positioning part between the power seat unit and the power seat unit storage board (39); the quick-change power plug (34) is installed on the upper surface of the power seat housing (29), and the power line and encoder line of the motor (24) are connected to the quick-change power plug (34); The spindle mounting unit mainly consists of a spindle (1), a spindle puller mechanism (2), a zero-point positioning pull pin (25), an anti-vibration damping convex module (27), and a quick-change power socket (35). The spindle puller mechanism (2) is used to connect the spindle (1) and the spindle tool holder (3). The anti-vibration damping convex module (27) is installed on the spindle (1) and interlocks with the anti-vibration damping concave module (28) during use to realize the connection between the power seat unit and the spindle mounting unit. The zero-point positioning pull pin (25) is installed on the spindle (1) and is inserted into the zero-point positioning chuck (26) in the power seat unit during use to realize the mounting. The quick-change power socket (35) is installed in the spindle (1) and externally connected to the power cable and encoder cable. During use, it is interlocked with the quick-change power pin (34) to realize the power and signal connection and provide power and signal feedback to the motor (24) in the power seat unit.

2. The quick-change device for realizing variable-diameter turning machining on a machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The quick-change method for realizing the quick-change device in variable diameter turning of machine tools requires designing a variable diameter turning tool magazine unit, a power base unit for storing auxiliary tool magazines, and an automatic tool-changing mechanism in the machine tool. The variable diameter turning tool magazine unit mainly consists of a variable diameter turning tool magazine unit storage unit (42) and a storage unit rotation control unit (41). The storage unit rotation control unit (41) controls the variable diameter turning tool magazine unit storage unit (42) to rotate. Multiple variable diameter turning tool magazines are installed on the variable diameter turning tool magazine unit storage unit (42). The unit; the power seat unit storage auxiliary tool magazine is mainly composed of a hydraulic cylinder (38), a power seat unit storage plate (39) and a guide rail slider support system (40). The power seat unit storage plate (39) is used to store the power seat unit. The power seat unit storage plate (39) is connected to the guide rail slider support system (40) and connected to the hydraulic cylinder (38). The hydraulic cylinder (38) controls the extension and retraction of the power seat unit storage plate (39). The automatic gripping tool changing mechanism, namely the variable diameter turning tool disc gripping mechanism (37), is a tool changing module built into the machine tool.

3. A quick-change method for the quick-change device for realizing variable-diameter turning on a machine tool as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Quick-change methods include quick-change of the variable diameter turning tool head unit and quick-change of the power unit.

4. The quick-change method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The quick change of the variable diameter turning tool disc unit is achieved by the variable diameter turning tool disc gripping mechanism (37) gripping the spindle tool holder (3) and inserting or removing the variable diameter turning tool disc unit along the axis of the spindle (1). Insertion is for loading the variable diameter turning tool disc unit, and removal is for unloading the variable diameter turning tool disc unit. When loading the variable diameter turning tool disc unit, the spindle tool holder (3) is inserted into the spindle (1), and the spindle puller mechanism (2) is tightened with the spindle tool holder (3) to complete the rotational connection. At the same time, the power transmission shaft (17) is inserted into the bevel gear shaft (18) to realize the power transmission to the variable diameter turning tool disc unit. When unloading the variable diameter turning tool disc unit, the variable diameter turning tool disc gripping mechanism (37) pulls out the variable diameter turning power tool disc unit and moves it to the fixed position of the variable diameter turning tool disc unit storage storage (42), and inserts the spindle tool holder (3) into the hole for storage.

5. The quick-change method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The quick change of the power seat unit is achieved by the movement position change of the machine tool spindle mounting unit and the telescopic movement of the power seat unit storage plate (39). The zero-point positioning pull pin 2 (31) is fixedly installed corresponding to the power seat unit storage plate (39). The air supply quick plug (32) is opened to allow air to pass through, and the zero-point positioning chuck (26) is released to realize the quick change of the power seat unit.

Images