An apparatus (1) for
machining, particularly deep rolling, a shaft (4) and other components, comprising two revolving centers (2A, 2B) for supporting the shaft (4) to be machined on both sides, at least one drive (6A, 6B) for rotating the shaft (4) to be machined, and at least one pair of rolling tools (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B', 8C, 8C') for
machining, particularly deep rolling, the shaft (4) to be machined, the two revolving centers (2A, 2B) having central axes An apparatus (1) is shown and described in which at least one revolving center (2B) is disposed on a central axis (3), at least one pair of rolling tools (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B', 8C, 8C') are disposed on a movable axial slide (10A, 10B, 10C) displaceable along the central axis (3), and the rolling tools (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B', 8C, 8C') are radially displaceable relative to the central axis (3). At least one exchange device (11A, 11A', 11B, 11B') is provided for exchanging the rolling tools (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B') to achieve efficient
machining of components having different geometries. The use of such an apparatus for deep rolling axles (4), particularly wheelset axles for railway vehicles, is also shown and described.