Environment-friendly antibacterial polyurethane sponge for automobile and preparation method of environment-friendly antibacterial polyurethane sponge
By adjusting the amount of antibacterial agent as needed and preparing composite antibacterial agents, the problem of uneven addition of antibacterial agents to polyurethane foam in car seats was solved, achieving effective antibacterial effects and cost control on seats made of different materials.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511141615.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-15
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-31
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, the addition of antibacterial agents to polyurethane foam for car seats lacks specificity, resulting in poor antibacterial effects on highly permeable surface materials and wasted resources on low-permeability surface materials, and failing to effectively balance environmental protection and cost.
Based on the sweat permeability classification of car seat surface materials, a composite antibacterial agent was prepared. Silver and zinc ions were anchored to form heterogeneous nanoparticles using lanthanum polyphosphate carriers. The dosage of the antibacterial agent was adjusted as needed to prepare an environmentally friendly antibacterial polyurethane sponge.
It achieves effective antibacterial properties on seats made of different materials, improves stability, avoids resource waste, reduces production costs, and achieves a balance between functionality and economy.
Smart Images
Figure CN120865601A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of polyurethane foam preparation technology, and more specifically, to an environmentally friendly antibacterial polyurethane foam for automobiles and its preparation method. Background Technology
[0002] In the automotive interior sector, polyurethane foam is widely used in car seats and other parts due to its excellent elasticity and durability, providing a comfortable experience for drivers and passengers. However, as people's requirements for the health and quality of the in-car environment increase, traditional polyurethane foam has revealed some problems that urgently need to be solved.
[0003] Car seats, being the most frequently contacted part of the human body, are highly susceptible to the effects of sweat from drivers and passengers. Different seat surface materials, such as fabric, leather, and synthetic leather, exhibit significant differences in sweat permeability. However, past technologies often overlooked these material differences, employing a uniform standard for adding antibacterial ingredients. This resulted in insufficient antibacterial agents on seats with highly permeable surface materials, failing to effectively combat bacteria carried by the large amounts of permeated sweat. Bacteria proliferated within the foam, producing not only odors but also potentially posing a threat to human health. Conversely, excessive antibacterial agents on seats with low-permeability surface materials led to resource waste and increased production costs without delivering a corresponding performance improvement.
[0004] Meanwhile, market attention to the environmental friendliness and economy of automotive interiors continues to rise. On the one hand, consumers expect automotive interior materials to not only be antibacterial but also minimize their negative environmental impact. On the other hand, automakers are also facing pressure to control costs and enhance product competitiveness. Against this backdrop, developing a method for preparing environmentally friendly antibacterial polyurethane foam for automobiles that can precisely adjust the amount of antibacterial agent based on the sweat permeability of the seat cover material, while balancing environmental antibacterial performance and cost-effectiveness, has become a key issue that the automotive interior industry urgently needs to address.
[0005] There are currently no effective solutions to the problems in the relevant technologies. Summary of the Invention
[0006] To address the problems in related technologies, this invention proposes an environmentally friendly antibacterial polyurethane sponge for automobiles and its preparation method, in order to overcome the technical problems of insufficient targeting of antibacterial agents and difficulty in balancing antibacterial effect and cost in existing related technologies.
[0007] Therefore, the specific technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
[0008] A method for preparing environmentally friendly antibacterial polyurethane foam for automobiles, the method comprising the following steps:
[0009] S1. Obtain data on the material of the car seat cover and its sweat permeability, and classify it into low, medium and high permeability.
[0010] S2. Prepare raw materials, which consist of bio-based polyols, modified MDI, pore-opening agents, catalysts, deionized water, flame retardants, reinforcing fillers, lanthanum polyphosphate carriers, silver nitrate, zinc nitrate, reducing agents, and dispersants. Pre-treat the raw materials.
[0011] S3. Silver nitrate, zinc nitrate and some raw materials are premixed to prepare Group A solution, and a composite antibacterial agent is prepared.
[0012] S4. Thoroughly mix the compound antibacterial agent with the solution in group A, and preheat the modified MDI to 40°C as component B;
[0013] S5. Inject components A and B into the mold in proportion, stir at high speed for 60 seconds, add foaming agent water, foam and mold at 75℃ and cure for 30 minutes to make polyurethane foam.
[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the step of obtaining the material of the vehicle seat cover and its sweat permeability data, and classifying it into low, medium, and high permeability, includes the following steps:
[0015] S11. Obtain a sample of the car seat skin and perform a basic permeability test on it using the dynamic adsorption method.
[0016] S12. Based on the test results, classify the epidermal samples, classifying those with an adsorption amount ≤15mg / cm³. 2 Classified as low permeability, 15 mg / cm 2 <Adsorption capacity ≤35mg / cm³ 2 Classified as medium permeability, with adsorption capacity >35 mg / cm³ 2 It is classified as highly permeable.
[0017] In a preferred embodiment, the raw materials are composed of bio-based polyols, modified MDI, pore-opening agents, catalysts, deionized water, flame retardants, reinforcing fillers, lanthanum polyphosphate carriers, silver nitrate, zinc nitrate, reducing agents, and dispersants. The pretreatment of the raw materials includes the following steps:
[0018] S21. Prepare raw materials according to the permeability of the raw material car seat skin sample by quality. The raw materials consist of bio-based polyol, modified MDI, pore-opening agent, catalyst, deionized water, flame retardant, reinforcing filler, lanthanum polyphosphate carrier, silver nitrate, zinc nitrate, reducing agent, and dispersant.
[0019] S22. Mix the lanthanum polyphosphate support with deionized water and stir at 45°C for 30 minutes to form a suspension.
[0020] S23. Place the bio-based polyol in a vacuum dehydration vessel and dehydrate it at 110℃ and -0.095MPa for 2 hours until the moisture content is ≤300ppm.
[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the step of premixing silver nitrate, zinc nitrate, and a portion of the raw materials to prepare Group A solution and then preparing the composite antibacterial agent includes the following steps:
[0022] S31. In the lanthanum polyphosphate carrier suspension, zinc nitrate was first added and stirred for 15 minutes, and then silver nitrate solution was slowly added dropwise. The stirring environment was set as a 50°C constant temperature water bath reaction in the dark, and the stirring rate was controlled at 400 rpm, so that silver ions and zinc ions were anchored between the carrier layers through ion exchange to prepare the carrier solution.
[0023] During stirring, the change in conductivity was monitored in real time. When the conductivity dropped from 18 mS / cm to 1.2 mS / cm, the adsorption was considered complete.
[0024] S32. Cool the dehydrated bio-based polyol to 50°C, add the pore-opening agent and catalyst in sequence, and emulsify at a shear rate of 1500 rpm for 10 minutes to prepare Group A solution.
[0025] During this stage, the temperature needs to be maintained at 50°C to prevent catalyst sedimentation, and the viscosity of the resulting component A needs to be stabilized at 380±20 mPa·s.
[0026] S33. Cool the carrier solution to 25℃, add the reducing agent dropwise while controlling the dropping rate to 0.5mL / min, and inject the dispersant simultaneously to make the pH 3.0±0.2. Stir magnetically for 2 hours in the dark to reduce silver ions and zinc ions in situ into heterostructured nanoparticles and generate a reaction solution.
[0027] S34. The reaction solution is subjected to ultrasonic oscillation at a frequency of 40kHz for 10 minutes to break up the soft agglomerates. After separation for 5 minutes at 6000rpm, free ions are removed. The precipitate is washed twice with ethanol and water. Finally, the precipitate is mixed with 5 parts of dehydrated bio-based polyol to form a composite antibacterial agent suspension.
[0028] Ethanol-water is a mixture of ethanol and water, with a ratio of ethanol to water of 1:1.
[0029] In a preferred embodiment, the step of thoroughly mixing the composite antibacterial agent with the group A solution and preheating the modified MDI to 40°C as component B includes the following steps:
[0030] S41. Heat the composite antibacterial agent suspension to 38±1℃, and gradually add the composite antibacterial agent suspension dropwise to the A group solution. At the same time, add flame retardant and reinforcing filler. Then heat the solution to 50±0.5℃ and set the shear rate to 2000rpm for 10 minutes for dispersion treatment.
[0031] S42. Place the modified MDI in a jacketed storage tank, introduce a 40°C constant temperature water bath, and slowly stir with an anchor mixer at 60 rpm for 20 minutes until the fluidity meets the standard.
[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the process of injecting components A and B into a mold in a specific ratio, stirring at high speed for 60 seconds, adding foaming agent water, foaming and molding at 75°C, and curing for 30 minutes to produce polyurethane foam includes the following steps:
[0033] S51. The premixed component A and the preheated component B are mixed and delivered to the mixing head by a high-pressure metering pump. The flow rate error of the two phases is controlled within ±0.5%, and the mixing chamber is maintained at 45±1℃ to ensure the stability of the initial reaction.
[0034] S52. Start high-speed stirring to initiate nucleation, and set the speed to 2500±100 rpm;
[0035] S53. Quickly inject the mixture into the preheated aluminum alloy mold and spray the mold surface with release agent to start foaming. After the foam is demolded, it is transferred to a circulating hot air oven to complete the shaping.
[0036] An environmentally friendly antibacterial polyurethane foam for automotive use, wherein the method employs the environmentally friendly antibacterial polyurethane foam for automotive use and its preparation method as described above, and its specific components include:
[0037] S1. The raw materials consist of bio-based polyol, modified MDI, cell opener, catalyst, deionized water, flame retardant, reinforcing filler, lanthanum polyphosphate carrier, silver nitrate, zinc nitrate, reducing agent, and dispersant. Among them, the bio-based polyol is castor oil-based, the cell opener is an organosilicon foam stabilizer, the catalyst is bismorpholine diethyl ether, the flame retardant is ammonium polyphosphate-APP, the reducing agent is ascorbic acid, the dispersant is PVP K30, the reinforcing filler is bamboo fiber powder, and the flame retardant is ammonium polyphosphate-APP.
[0038] As a preferred embodiment, an environmentally friendly antibacterial polyurethane foam for automobiles, wherein the mass fractions of each raw material are as follows:
[0039] S11. The mass percentages of each component are as follows: bio-based polyol, 38.5–40.5 parts; modified MDI, 31.2–34.6 parts; pore-opening agent, 1.6–2.0 parts; catalyst, 0.65–0.75 parts; deionized water, 2.8–3.2 parts; flame retardant, 8.5–9.5 parts; composite antibacterial agent, 1.5–3.0 parts; and the balance is reinforcing filler. When the seat cover material is highly permeable, the mass percentage of the composite antibacterial agent is 2.5–3.5 parts; when the seat cover material is moderately permeable, the mass percentage of the composite antibacterial agent is 2.0–2.5 parts; and when the seat cover material is moderately permeable, the mass percentage of the composite antibacterial agent is 1.5–2.0 parts.
[0040] The raw materials of the composite antibacterial agent include lanthanum polyphosphate carrier, silver nitrate, zinc nitrate, reducing agent, and dispersant, with lanthanum polyphosphate carrier, 62.5-65.0 parts, silver nitrate, 12.3-15.7 parts, zinc nitrate, 6.3-8.5 parts, reducing agent, 3.8-7.3 parts, and dispersant, 2.1-5.6 parts.
[0041] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:
[0042] 1. This invention, through the preparation of a composite antibacterial agent, can effectively improve the antibacterial performance of automotive polyurethane foam. The composite antibacterial agent uses lanthanum polyphosphate as a carrier, and anchors silver and zinc ions between the carrier layers through ion exchange, and then forms heterogeneous nanoparticles through in-situ reduction. This structure allows the antibacterial components to adhere more stably to the carrier, avoiding the problems of easy loss and short antibacterial effect of traditional antibacterial agents. At the same time, the synergistic effect of silver and zinc ions broadens the antibacterial range, which can not only effectively inhibit bacterial reproduction, but also target a variety of common pathogens, further ensuring that the foam can maintain a stable antibacterial effect during long-term use, effectively reducing bacterial growth caused by damp car seats and sweat residue.
[0043] 2. This invention precisely classifies the sweat permeability of bicycle seat surface materials into high-adsorption, medium-adsorption, and low-adsorption categories, and adjusts the amount of compound antibacterial agent added accordingly. This targeted dosage adjustment avoids resource waste caused by adding the same antibacterial ingredient to different materials: for highly permeable surfaces where sweat easily penetrates, increasing the amount of antibacterial agent ensures that a sufficient antibacterial barrier is formed inside the sponge, preventing bacteria in sweat from penetrating and multiplying; for surfaces with low permeability, the dosage is appropriately reduced, lowering raw material costs while meeting basic antibacterial requirements. This on-demand addition strategy ensures that the sponges corresponding to different types of bicycle seat surfaces achieve the best antibacterial effect, and saves production costs by rationally controlling the amount of antibacterial agent, achieving a balance between functionality and economy. Attached Figure Description
[0044] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0045] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for preparing an environmentally friendly antibacterial polyurethane sponge for automobiles according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0046] To further illustrate the various embodiments, the present invention provides accompanying drawings, which are part of the disclosure of the present invention. These drawings are mainly used to illustrate the embodiments and can be used in conjunction with the relevant descriptions in the specification to explain the operating principles of the embodiments. With reference to these drawings, those skilled in the art should be able to understand other possible implementation methods and the advantages of the present invention. The components in the drawings are not drawn to scale, and similar component symbols are generally used to represent similar components.
[0047] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an environmentally friendly antibacterial polyurethane foam for automobiles and a method for preparing the same are provided.
[0048] The present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, such as... Figure 1 As shown, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing environmentally friendly antibacterial polyurethane foam for automobiles includes the following steps:
[0049] S1. Obtain data on the material of the car seat cover and its sweat permeability, and classify it into low, medium and high permeability.
[0050] Further, data on the material of the car seat cover and its sweat permeability were obtained, and the data were categorized into low, medium, and high permeability, including the following steps:
[0051] S11. Obtain a sample of the car seat skin and perform a basic permeability test on it using the dynamic adsorption method.
[0052] It should be noted that 2×2cm 2 Standard car seat surface samples were placed in an artificial sweat tank and subjected to a pressure of 3 kPa at 40°C for 2 hours. The amount of sweat adsorbed per unit area (mg / cm²) was measured. 2 The artificial sweat tank has a pH of 5.5 and contains 0.5% lactic acid and 0.25% urea.
[0053] S12. Based on the test results, classify the epidermal samples, classifying those with an adsorption amount ≤15mg / cm³. 2 Classified as low permeability, 15 mg / cm 2 <Adsorption capacity ≤35mg / cm³2 Classified as medium permeability, with adsorption capacity >35 mg / cm³ 2 It is classified as highly permeable.
[0054] It should be noted that low-permeability materials are usually full-grain genuine leather and dense PVC coating, medium-permeability materials are usually perforated leather and microfiber synthetic leather, and high-permeability materials are usually knitted fabrics and mesh composite materials.
[0055] S2. Prepare raw materials, which consist of bio-based polyols, modified MDI, pore-opening agents, catalysts, deionized water, flame retardants, reinforcing fillers, lanthanum polyphosphate carriers, silver nitrate, zinc nitrate, reducing agents, and dispersants. Pre-treat the raw materials.
[0056] Further, the raw materials are prepared, consisting of bio-based polyols, modified MDI, pore-opening agents, catalysts, deionized water, flame retardants, reinforcing fillers, lanthanum polyphosphate carriers, silver nitrate, zinc nitrate, reducing agents, and dispersants. The raw materials are then pretreated, including the following steps:
[0057] S21. Prepare raw materials according to the permeability of the raw material car seat skin sample by quality. The raw materials consist of bio-based polyol, modified MDI, pore-opening agent, catalyst, deionized water, flame retardant, reinforcing filler, lanthanum polyphosphate carrier, silver nitrate, zinc nitrate, reducing agent, and dispersant.
[0058] S22. Mix the lanthanum polyphosphate support with deionized water and stir at 45°C for 30 minutes to form a suspension.
[0059] S23. Place the bio-based polyol in a vacuum dehydration vessel and dehydrate it at 110℃ and -0.095MPa for 2 hours until the moisture content is ≤300ppm.
[0060] S3. Silver nitrate, zinc nitrate and some raw materials are premixed to prepare Group A solution, and a composite antibacterial agent is prepared.
[0061] Furthermore, the preparation of the composite antibacterial agent by premixing silver nitrate, zinc nitrate, and a portion of the raw materials to form Group A solution includes the following steps:
[0062] S31. In the lanthanum polyphosphate carrier suspension, zinc nitrate was first added and stirred for 15 minutes, and then silver nitrate solution was slowly added dropwise. The stirring environment was set as a 50°C constant temperature water bath reaction in the dark, and the stirring rate was controlled at 400 rpm, so that silver ions and zinc ions were anchored between the carrier layers through ion exchange to prepare the carrier solution.
[0063] S32. Cool the dehydrated bio-based polyol to 50°C, add the pore-opening agent and catalyst in sequence, and emulsify at a shear rate of 1500 rpm for 10 minutes to prepare Group A solution.
[0064] S33. Cool the carrier solution to 25℃, add the reducing agent dropwise while controlling the dropping rate to 0.5mL / min, and inject the dispersant simultaneously to make the pH 3.0±0.2. Stir magnetically for 2 hours in the dark to reduce silver ions and zinc ions in situ into heterostructured nanoparticles and generate a reaction solution.
[0065] S34. The reaction solution is subjected to ultrasonic oscillation at a frequency of 40kHz for 10 minutes to break up the soft agglomerates. After separation for 5 minutes at 6000rpm, free ions are removed. The precipitate is washed twice with ethanol and water. Finally, the precipitate is mixed with 5 parts of dehydrated bio-based polyol to form a composite antibacterial agent suspension.
[0066] S4. Thoroughly mix the compound antibacterial agent with the solution in group A, and preheat the modified MDI to 40°C as component B;
[0067] Furthermore, the compound antibacterial agent is thoroughly mixed with the solution in group A, and the modified MDI is preheated to 40°C as component B, including the following steps:
[0068] S41. Heat the composite antibacterial agent suspension to 38±1℃, and gradually add the composite antibacterial agent suspension dropwise to the A group solution. At the same time, add flame retardant and reinforcing filler. Then heat the solution to 50±0.5℃ and set the shear rate to 2000rpm for 10 minutes for dispersion treatment.
[0069] S42. Place the modified MDI in a jacketed storage tank, introduce a 40°C constant temperature water bath, and slowly stir with an anchor mixer at 60 rpm for 20 minutes until the fluidity meets the standard.
[0070] S5. Inject components A and B into the mold in proportion, stir at high speed for 60 seconds, add foaming agent water, foam and mold at 75℃ and cure for 30 minutes to make polyurethane foam.
[0071] Further, components A and B are injected into a mold in proportion, stirred at high speed for 60 seconds, then foaming agent water is added. The mixture is then foamed and molded at 75°C and cured for 30 minutes to produce polyurethane foam, including the following steps:
[0072] S51. The premixed component A and the preheated component B are mixed and delivered to the mixing head by a high-pressure metering pump. The flow rate error of the two phases is controlled within ±0.5%, and the mixing chamber is maintained at 45±1℃ to ensure the stability of the initial reaction.
[0073] S52. Start high-speed stirring to initiate nucleation, and set the speed to 2500±100 rpm;
[0074] S53. Quickly inject the mixture into the preheated aluminum alloy mold and spray the mold surface with release agent to start foaming. After the foam is demolded, it is transferred to a circulating hot air oven to complete the shaping.
[0075] An environmentally friendly antibacterial polyurethane foam for automotive use, wherein the method employs any of the above-mentioned environmentally friendly antibacterial polyurethane foams for automotive use and their preparation methods, the specific components of which include:
[0076] S1. The raw materials consist of bio-based polyol, modified MDI, cell opener, catalyst, deionized water, flame retardant, reinforcing filler, lanthanum polyphosphate carrier, silver nitrate, zinc nitrate, reducing agent, and dispersant. Among them, the bio-based polyol is castor oil-based, the cell opener is an organosilicon foam stabilizer, the catalyst is bismorpholine diethyl ether, the flame retardant is ammonium polyphosphate-APP, the reducing agent is ascorbic acid, the dispersant is PVP K30, the reinforcing filler is bamboo fiber powder, and the flame retardant is ammonium polyphosphate-APP.
[0077] An environmentally friendly antibacterial polyurethane foam for automobiles, wherein the mass fractions of each raw material are as follows:
[0078] S11. The mass percentages of each component are as follows: bio-based polyol, 38.5–40.5 parts; modified MDI, 31.2–34.6 parts; pore-opening agent, 1.6–2.0 parts; catalyst, 0.65–0.75 parts; deionized water, 2.8–3.2 parts; flame retardant, 8.5–9.5 parts; composite antibacterial agent, 1.5–3.0 parts; and the balance is reinforcing filler. When the seat cover material is highly permeable, the mass percentage of the composite antibacterial agent is 2.5–3.5 parts; when the seat cover material is moderately permeable, the mass percentage of the composite antibacterial agent is 2.0–2.5 parts; and when the seat cover material is moderately permeable, the mass percentage of the composite antibacterial agent is 1.5–2.0 parts.
[0079] The raw materials of the composite antibacterial agent include lanthanum polyphosphate carrier, silver nitrate, zinc nitrate, reducing agent, and dispersant, with lanthanum polyphosphate carrier, 62.5-65.0 parts, silver nitrate, 12.3-15.7 parts, zinc nitrate, 6.3-8.5 parts, reducing agent, 3.8-7.3 parts, and dispersant, 2.1-5.6 parts.
[0080] It should be noted that the proportion of the compound antibacterial agent added to the seat cover varies depending on the penetration level, and the specific proportions can be obtained from the following experimental tables: Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3.
[0081] Table 1: Experimental results of high-permeability car seat skin
[0082]
[0083]
[0084] Table 2: Experimental results of medium-permeability car seat skin
[0085]
[0086] Table 3: Experimental results for low-permeability car seat skin
[0087]
[0088] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for preparing environmentally friendly antibacterial polyurethane foam for automobiles, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1. Obtain data on the material of the car seat cover and its sweat permeability, and classify it into low, medium and high permeability. S2. Prepare raw materials, which consist of bio-based polyols, modified MDI, pore-opening agents, catalysts, deionized water, flame retardants, reinforcing fillers, lanthanum polyphosphate carriers, silver nitrate, zinc nitrate, reducing agents, and dispersants. Pre-treat the raw materials. S3. Silver nitrate, zinc nitrate and some raw materials are premixed to prepare Group A solution, and a composite antibacterial agent is prepared. S4. Thoroughly mix the compound antibacterial agent with the solution in group A, and preheat the modified MDI to 40°C as component B; S5. Inject components A and B into the mold in proportion, stir at high speed for 60 seconds, add foaming agent water, foam and mold at 75℃ and cure for 30 minutes to make polyurethane foam.
2. The method for preparing an environmentally friendly antibacterial polyurethane sponge for automobiles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of obtaining data on the material of the car seat cover and its sweat permeability, and classifying it into low, medium, and high permeability, includes the following steps: S11. Obtain a sample of the car seat skin and perform a basic permeability test on it using the dynamic adsorption method. S12. Based on the test results, classify the epidermal samples, classifying those with an adsorption amount ≤15mg / cm³. 2 Classified as low permeability, 15 mg / cm 2 <Adsorption capacity ≤35mg / cm³ 2 Classified as medium permeability, with adsorption capacity >35 mg / cm³ 2 It is classified as highly permeable.
3. The method for preparing an environmentally friendly antibacterial polyurethane sponge for automobiles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The raw materials are composed of bio-based polyols, modified MDI, pore-opening agents, catalysts, deionized water, flame retardants, reinforcing fillers, lanthanum polyphosphate carriers, silver nitrate, zinc nitrate, reducing agents, and dispersants. The pretreatment of the raw materials includes the following steps: S21. Prepare raw materials according to the permeability of the raw material car seat skin sample by quality. The raw materials consist of bio-based polyol, modified MDI, pore-opening agent, catalyst, deionized water, flame retardant, reinforcing filler, lanthanum polyphosphate carrier, silver nitrate, zinc nitrate, reducing agent, and dispersant. S22. Mix the lanthanum polyphosphate support with deionized water and stir at 45°C for 30 minutes to form a suspension. S23. Place the bio-based polyol in a vacuum dehydration vessel and dehydrate it at 110℃ and -0.095MPa for 2 hours until the moisture content is ≤300ppm.
4. The method for preparing an environmentally friendly antibacterial polyurethane sponge for automobiles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation of the composite antibacterial agent by premixing silver nitrate, zinc nitrate, and a portion of the raw materials to form Group A solution includes the following steps: S31. In the lanthanum polyphosphate carrier suspension, zinc nitrate was first added and stirred for 15 minutes, and then silver nitrate solution was slowly added dropwise. The stirring environment was set as a 50°C constant temperature water bath reaction in the dark, and the stirring rate was controlled at 400 rpm, so that silver ions and zinc ions were anchored between the carrier layers through ion exchange to prepare the carrier solution. S32. Cool the dehydrated bio-based polyol to 50°C, add the pore-opening agent and catalyst in sequence, and emulsify at a shear rate of 1500 rpm for 10 minutes to prepare Group A solution. S33. Cool the carrier solution to 25℃, add the reducing agent dropwise while controlling the dropping rate to 0.5mL / min, and inject the dispersant simultaneously to make the pH 3.0±0.
2. Stir magnetically for 2 hours in the dark to reduce silver ions and zinc ions in situ into heterostructured nanoparticles and generate a reaction solution. S34. The reaction solution is subjected to ultrasonic oscillation at a frequency of 40kHz for 10 minutes to break up the soft aggregates. After separation by centrifugation at 6000rpm for 5 minutes to remove free ions, the precipitate is washed twice with ethanol and water. Finally, the precipitate is mixed with 5 parts of dehydrated bio-based polyol to form a composite antibacterial agent suspension.
5. The method for preparing an environmentally friendly antibacterial polyurethane sponge for automobiles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of thoroughly mixing the compound antibacterial agent with the group A solution and preheating the modified MDI to 40°C as component B includes the following steps: S41. Heat the composite antibacterial agent suspension to 38±1℃, and gradually add the composite antibacterial agent suspension dropwise to the A group solution. At the same time, add flame retardant and reinforcing filler. Then heat the solution to 50±0.5℃ and set the shear rate to 2000rpm for 10 minutes for dispersion treatment. S42. Place the modified MDI in a jacketed storage tank, introduce a 40°C constant temperature water bath, and slowly stir with an anchor mixer at 60 rpm for 20 minutes until the fluidity meets the standard.
6. The method for preparing an environmentally friendly antibacterial polyurethane sponge for automobiles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process involves injecting components A and B into a mold in a specific ratio, stirring at high speed for 60 seconds, adding foaming agent water, foaming and molding at 75°C, and then curing for 30 minutes to produce a polyurethane foam. Includes the following steps: S51. The premixed component A and the preheated component B are mixed and delivered to the mixing head by a high-pressure metering pump. The flow rate error of the two phases is controlled within ±0.5%, and the mixing chamber is maintained at 45±1℃ to ensure the stability of the initial reaction. S52. Start high-speed stirring to initiate nucleation, and set the speed to 2500±100 rpm; S53. Quickly inject the mixture into the preheated aluminum alloy mold and spray the mold surface with release agent to start foaming. After the foam is demolded, it is transferred to a circulating hot air oven to complete the shaping.
7. An environmentally friendly antibacterial polyurethane foam for automobiles, characterized in that, This method employs an environmentally friendly antibacterial polyurethane sponge for automobiles and its preparation method as described in any one of claims 1-6, the specific components of which include: S1. The raw materials consist of bio-based polyol, modified MDI, cell opener, catalyst, deionized water, flame retardant, reinforcing filler, lanthanum polyphosphate carrier, silver nitrate, zinc nitrate, reducing agent, and dispersant. Among them, the bio-based polyol is castor oil-based, the cell opener is an organosilicon foam stabilizer, the catalyst is bismorpholine diethyl ether, the flame retardant is ammonium polyphosphate-APP, the reducing agent is ascorbic acid, the dispersant is PVP K30, the reinforcing filler is bamboo fiber powder, and the flame retardant is ammonium polyphosphate-APP.
8. The environmentally friendly antibacterial polyurethane foam for automobiles according to claim 7, characterized in that, The mass fractions of each raw material are as follows: S11. The mass percentages of each component are as follows: bio-based polyol, 38.5–40.5 parts; modified MDI, 31.2–34.6 parts; pore-opening agent, 1.6–2.0 parts; catalyst, 0.65–0.75 parts; deionized water, 2.8–3.2 parts; flame retardant, 8.5–9.5 parts; composite antibacterial agent, 1.5–3.0 parts; and the balance is reinforcing filler. When the seat cover material is highly permeable, the mass percentage of the composite antibacterial agent is 2.5–3.5 parts; when the seat cover material is moderately permeable, the mass percentage of the composite antibacterial agent is 2.0–2.5 parts; and when the seat cover material is moderately permeable, the mass percentage of the composite antibacterial agent is 1.5–2.0 parts. The raw materials of the composite antibacterial agent include lanthanum polyphosphate carrier, silver nitrate, zinc nitrate, reducing agent, and dispersant, with lanthanum polyphosphate carrier, 62.5-65.0 parts, silver nitrate, 12.3-15.7 parts, zinc nitrate, 6.3-8.5 parts, reducing agent, 3.8-7.3 parts, and dispersant, 2.1-5.6 parts.