Device and method for simulating influence of mining on hydro-thermal coupling migration of soil aeration zone

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of coal mining and ecological geological environment protection, and discloses a device and a method for simulating hydro-thermal coupling migration of a soil aeration zone influenced by mining, and the device comprises a test system which comprises a test piece and a control piece; the water supply system stores a water source, the test piece and the control piece are respectively communicated with the water supply system, and the inner water level heights of the test piece and the control piece are consistent; the illumination system is positioned above the test piece and the contrast piece and is used for simulating sunlight; the data monitoring and processing system comprises a data monitoring piece and a data processing piece, the data monitoring piece is used for monitoring the moisture content and temperature of the tested soil in the test piece and the contrast piece, and the data processing piece is electrically connected with the data monitoring piece and used for collecting and processing moisture content information and temperature information. According to the invention, the simulation of the hydro-thermal coupling migration process of the soil aeration zone under the synergistic influence of mining ground fracture development and phreatic water level change is realized, and a scientific basis is provided for revealing the influence of coal mining on the hydro-thermal coupling migration mechanism of the soil aeration zone.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of coal mining and ecological geological environmental protection, and in particular to a device and method for simulating the hydrothermal coupling migration of soil vadose zone affected by mining. Background Technology

[0002] Coal is an important basic energy source, accounting for a significant portion of China's primary energy consumption. With the continuous exploitation of coal resources, my country's coal mining is primarily conducted underground. After the working face is mined, deformation and subsidence of the overlying strata above the coal seam are inevitable, disrupting the original balance of underground aquifers in the mining area. This is especially true for shallow coal seam mining, where surface subsidence, ground fissures, underground goafs, and water-conducting fracture zones significantly alter groundwater conditions, leading to changes in the circulation patterns of groundwater levels and potentially causing substantial damage to local production and the ecological environment.

[0003] Ecological geological environment studies the relationship between the geological environment and ecology, including the impact of various geological bodies, geological processes, environmental changes, biological effects, and biological activities (mainly human activities) on the geological environment. Large-scale coal mining activities, especially shallow coal seam mining, have caused large-scale development of surface fissures. Actual field investigations show that the soil moisture content in areas with developed fissures is significantly lower than in unmined areas. It is believed that fissures increase the soil crack surface, increase soil aeration, and reduce soil water retention. The subsidence and deformation of the overlying strata of coal seams lead to drastic fluctuations in the groundwater level, resulting in a sharp change in the vadose zone structure, a decrease in soil clay content, significant coarsening, and poor soil particle uniformity. This promotes the dissipation of water through the vadose zone. Fluctuations in the groundwater level further affect the distribution and transport of water in the vadose zone. Since water in the vadose zone is closely related to the normal growth and development of ground vegetation, groundwater is a bridge connecting the geological environment and the ecological environment, and has important ecological functions. Once vegetation can no longer absorb water from the groundwater aquifer, the growth of ground vegetation is inhibited, and the ecological geological environment may deteriorate.

[0004] Currently, research on the impact of coal mining on the coupled hydrothermal transport of the vadose zone in soil mainly focuses on the influence of mining fissures on the hydrothermal transport of the vadose zone. However, it often neglects the dynamic process of mining-induced fissure development and ignores the role of groundwater level changes caused by mining subsidence in the spatiotemporal changes of the hydrothermal distribution in the vadose zone. Mining subsidence not only leads to the development of mining-induced fissures but also promotes groundwater level fluctuations, which is a process of coordinated change with the advancement of the working face. It also affects the hydrothermal distribution and transport of the vadose zone in soil. Mining-induced fissures are soil cracking phenomena caused by uneven stress on the surface soil due to underground coal mining. However, the location of fissures in the field is difficult to predict, making it impossible to deploy moisture monitoring instruments in advance for research. Using physical models to explore the characteristics of the coupled hydrothermal transport of the vadose zone is an effective means of scientific research on the vadose zone. Therefore, considering the synergistic influence of the development of fissures caused by coal mining and the fluctuation of groundwater level on the coupled hydrothermal transport of the vadose zone in soil provides a scientific basis for the development and utilization of coal resources and is of great significance for water-conserving coal mining and vegetation ecological restoration in ecologically fragile areas.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a device and method for simulating the hydrothermal coupling transport of soil vadose zone affected by mining, in order to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device and method for simulating the hydrothermal coupling migration of soil vadose zone affected by mining, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a device for simulating the hydrothermal coupled transport of soil vadose zone affected by mining, comprising:

[0008] The testing system includes a test specimen and a control specimen, which are connected and contain test soil.

[0009] A water supply system stores water, and the test specimen and the control specimen are respectively connected to the water supply system, and the water level inside the test specimen and the control specimen is the same.

[0010] An illumination system, located above the test specimen and the control specimen, is used to simulate sunlight;

[0011] A data monitoring and processing system includes a data monitoring component and a data processing component. The data monitoring component is used to monitor the moisture content and temperature of the test soil inside the test specimen and the control specimen. The data processing component is electrically connected to the data monitoring component and is used to collect and process moisture content and temperature information.

[0012] According to the present invention, a simulation device for the hydrothermal coupling migration of soil vadose zone affected by mining is provided. The test piece includes an external fixed test device, which is a hollow structure. An internal fixed test device is fixedly connected inside the external fixed test device. An internal rotating test device is connected to one side of the internal fixed test device. A gravel layer is provided at the bottom of both the internal fixed test device and the internal rotating test device. Test soil is provided at the top of the gravel layer.

[0013] According to the present invention, a simulation device for the hydrothermal coupling migration of soil vadose zone affected by mining is provided. The control component includes a separate control test device. The bottom of the separate control test device is provided with a gravel layer, and the top of the gravel layer is provided with test soil. The bottom of the separate control test device is connected to the bottom of the external fixed test device.

[0014] According to the present invention, a simulation device for the hydrothermal coupling migration of soil vadose zone affected by mining is provided. The water supply system includes a circulating water tank, in which water is stored. The circulating water tank is connected to the external fixed test device and the separate control test device through a PVC water supply hose. The PVC water supply hose is equipped with a peristaltic water pump, a pressure stabilizing box, an overflow valve, an electronic water pressure gauge, an electronic flow meter, and valves.

[0015] According to the present invention, a simulation device for the hydrothermal coupling migration of soil vadose zone affected by mining is provided, wherein the illumination system includes a plurality of radiant lamps, and the plurality of radiant lamps are respectively connected to an external controller.

[0016] According to the present invention, a simulation device for the hydrothermal coupling migration of soil vadose zone affected by mining is provided. The data monitoring device includes a plurality of monitoring sensors, which are respectively arranged on the internal fixed test device and the separate control test device. The plurality of monitoring sensors are spaced apart along the axial direction, and the monitoring sensor located at the bottom layer is located above the gravel layer.

[0017] According to the present invention, a simulation device for the hydrothermal coupling migration of soil vadose zone affected by mining is provided. The data processing component includes a data acquisition unit, a plurality of monitoring sensors are electrically connected to the data acquisition unit, and the data acquisition unit is electrically connected to a data processing computer.

[0018] According to the present invention, a simulation device for the hydrothermal coupling migration of soil vadose zone affected by mining is provided. The bottom of the external fixed test device is fixedly connected to a detachable hydraulic jack and several supports. The internal fixed test device is fixedly connected to the top of the supports. The internal rotating test device is hinged to the internal fixed test device through a hinge. The bottom of the internal rotating test device away from the hinge is in contact with the telescopic end of the detachable hydraulic jack.

[0019] According to the present invention, a simulation device for the hydrothermal coupling migration of soil vadose zone affected by mining is provided, wherein the bottom of the internal rotation test device and the internal fixation test device are both solid plates, and the plates around the internal rotation test device and the internal fixation test device are all honeycomb porous plates.

[0020] A method for simulating the hydrothermal coupled transport of soil vadose zone affected by mining includes the following steps:

[0021] Determine the light intensity and light conditions in the area where the test soil is located, and determine the boundary conditions based on the test soil information;

[0022] Test soil was collected from the field in stratified layers according to depth and filled into test and control specimens to ensure that the soil distribution was consistent with the in-situ results. Data monitoring devices were installed at different depths.

[0023] After the test soil was filled, water was injected into the test specimen and control specimen through the water supply system to fully saturate the test soil. After the water was allowed to reach natural equilibrium for 48 hours, the water level was lowered to reduce the simulated water level depth to the average groundwater level in the area where the test soil was located.

[0024] The light intensity was adjusted using the lighting system according to the changes in light duration and intensity in the area where the soil was tested.

[0025] The monitoring sensor monitors the hydrothermal changes in the vadose zone of the soil, and the data acquisition device collects, processes, and displays the hydrothermal change data of the vadose zone of the soil, simulating the impact of mining-induced groundwater level changes on the coupled hydrothermal transport of the vadose zone of the soil.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0027] This invention provides a device and method for simulating the hydrothermal coupling migration of soil vadose zone caused by mining. The test system includes experimental specimens to simulate the development of ground fissures caused by coal mining, and control specimens for comparative experiments. A water supply system supplies water to the test system to simulate changes in the groundwater level. An illumination system provides adjustable intensity and modes of illumination based on the illumination conditions of the test soil area to simulate illumination conditions. A data monitoring unit monitors the soil moisture content and temperature of the test soil, and a data processing unit collects and processes the monitored data on soil vadose zone moisture and temperature. This invention can simulate the development process of ground fissures and changes in the groundwater level, realizing the simulation of the synergistic influence of mining-induced ground fissure development and groundwater level changes on the hydrothermal coupling migration process of soil vadose zone. It provides a scientific basis for revealing the mechanism of coal mining's impact on the hydrothermal coupling migration of soil vadose zone, and for realizing the development and utilization of coal resources. It is of great significance for water-conserving coal mining and vegetation ecological restoration in ecologically fragile areas. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the test system structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a statistical chart of solar radiation intensity and duration for this invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a statistical diagram of the dynamic development of ground fissures in the coal mining face, as presented in this invention.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a statistical diagram showing the impact of mining on the underground water level changes in the coal mining face, as presented in this invention.

[0034] The components include: 1. Peristaltic water pump; 2. PVC water hose; 3. Pressure stabilizing box; 4. Overflow valve; 5. Electronic water pressure gauge; 6. Electronic flow meter; 7. Test soil; 8. External fixed test device; 9. Internal rotation test device; 10. Internal fixed test device; 11. Circulating water tank; 12. Individual control test device; 13. Separate hydraulic jack; 14. Ruler; 15. Radiation lamp; 16. Data acquisition device; 17. Monitoring sensor; 18. Data processing computer; 19. Support frame; 20. Hinge; 21. Valve; 22. Gravel layer. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0037] Reference Figures 1-5 This invention provides a device for simulating the hydrothermal coupling transport of soil vadose zone affected by mining, comprising:

[0038] The testing system includes a test specimen and a control specimen, which are connected and each specimen contains test soil 7.

[0039] The water supply system stores water, and the test specimen and the control specimen are connected to the water supply system respectively, with the water level inside the test specimen and the control specimen being the same.

[0040] An illumination system, located above the test specimen and the control specimen, is used to simulate sunlight;

[0041] The data monitoring and processing system includes a data monitoring unit and a data processing unit. The data monitoring unit is used to monitor the moisture content and temperature of the test soil 7 inside the test specimen and control specimen. The data processing unit is electrically connected to the data monitoring unit and is used to collect and process the moisture content and temperature information.

[0042] As an optional implementation, the test piece includes an external fixing test device 8, which is a hollow structure. An internal fixing test device 10 is fixedly connected inside the external fixing test device 8. An internal rotating test device 9 is connected to one side of the internal fixing test device 10. Gravel layers 22 are provided at the bottom of both the internal fixing test device 10 and the internal rotating test device 9. Test soil 7 is provided at the top of the gravel layer 22.

[0043] In one embodiment of the present invention, an external fixed test device 8, measuring 250cm x 50cm x 280cm, is arranged indoors. It has a hollow structure, with a scale 14 on its outer side for observing water level changes. Inside, there is an internal rotating test device 9, measuring 40cm x 40cm x 250cm, and an internal fixed test device 10, measuring 150cm x 40cm x 250cm. Both the internal rotating test device 9 and the internal fixed test device 10 are hollow structures, with a gravel layer 22 at the bottom, 10cm thick. The gravel layer 22 is filled with test soil 7, 240cm thick.

[0044] As an optional implementation, the control device includes a separate control test device 12, with a gravel layer 22 at the bottom inside the separate control test device 12, and test soil 7 at the top of the gravel layer 22. The bottom of the separate control test device 12 is connected to the bottom of the external fixed test device 8.

[0045] In one embodiment of the present invention, the standalone control test device 12 is used for control tests and is connected to the external fixed test device 8 by a PVC water supply hose 2 to ensure that the water level of the standalone control test device and the external fixed test device is the same during the test.

[0046] As an optional implementation, the water supply system includes a circulating water tank 11, which stores water. The circulating water tank 11 is connected to an external fixed test device 8 and a separate control test device 12 via a PVC water supply hose 2. The PVC water supply hose 2 is equipped with a peristaltic water pump 1, a pressure stabilizing box 3, an overflow valve 4, an electronic water pressure gauge 5, an electronic flow meter 6, and a valve 21.

[0047] In one embodiment of the present invention, water is supplied to the bottom of the isolated control test device 12 and the external fixed test device 8 through the gravel layer 22 by a peristaltic water pump 1. The water level in the isolated control test device 12 and the external fixed test device 8 is controlled by observing the scale 14. The water level change mode includes two modes: constant water level and mining-induced water level change. Specifically, the indicator scale 14 is divided into a vertical scale and a horizontal scale, which are used to monitor the water level change and the mining-induced ground fissure width change, respectively.

[0048] As an optional implementation, the lighting system includes a plurality of radiant lamps 15, each of which is connected to an external controller.

[0049] In one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of radiation lamps 15 are respectively connected to a unified controller. The controller is used to freely adjust the light intensity and light conditions. The light intensity and light conditions are mainly determined based on the weather conditions of the area where the test soil is located in the simulation experiment. In this example, the radiation lamps 15 adopt... Figure 3 Adjust the light intensity shown, and set the daily light exposure time to 12 hours.

[0050] As an optional implementation, the data monitoring device includes a plurality of monitoring sensors 17, which are respectively arranged on the internal fixed test device 10 and the separate control test device 12, and the plurality of monitoring sensors 17 are spaced apart along the axial direction, with the monitoring sensor 17 located at the bottom layer above the gravel layer 22.

[0051] In one embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring sensor 17 is a soil moisture content-temperature integrated sensor. The monitoring sensor 17 is arranged in the middle of the internal fixed test device 10 and the separate control test device 12. Considering that the soil surface moisture content and temperature change greatly, the arrangement can be appropriately densified, and the arrangement density can be gradually reduced downwards. The monitoring sensor 17 located at the bottom layer is arranged above the gravel layer 22. The monitoring sensor 17 is set in the internal fixed test device 10 in 9 rows and 5 columns, where 1) row is 5cm from the top of the device, 2) row is 5cm from row 1), 3) row is 20cm from row 2), 4) row is 20cm from row 3), 5) row is 20cm from row 4), 6) row is 30cm from row 5), 7) row is 50cm from row 6), 8) row is 50cm from row 7), and 9) row is 40cm from row 8; 1) column is 2cm from the left end, 2) column is 20cm from column 1, 3) column is 20cm from column 2, 4) column is 40cm from column 3, and 5) column is 40cm from column 4. All monitoring sensors (17) are connected to the data acquisition unit (16) via signal lines.

[0052] As an optional implementation, the data processing unit includes a data acquisition unit 16, a plurality of monitoring sensors 17 electrically connected to the data acquisition unit 16, and the data acquisition unit 16 electrically connected to a data processing computer 18.

[0053] In one embodiment of the present invention, the data acquisition unit 16 is connected to the monitoring sensor 17, and at the same time, the data acquisition unit 16 is connected to the data processing computer 18.

[0054] As an optional implementation, the bottom of the external fixed test device 8 is fixedly connected to a separate hydraulic jack 13 and several supports 19. The internal fixed test device 10 is fixedly connected to the top of the supports 19. The internal rotating test device 9 is hinged to the internal fixed test device 10 through a hinge 20. The side of the bottom of the internal rotating test device 9 away from the hinge 20 is in contact with the telescopic end of the separate hydraulic jack 13.

[0055] In one embodiment of the present invention, the internal fixed test device 10 is placed on the bracket 19, and the internal rotation test device 9 is placed on the separate hydraulic jack 13. The internal rotation test device 9 and the internal fixed test device 10 are connected by a hinge 20, so that the rotation of the internal rotation test device 9 can be controlled by the lifting and lowering of the separate hydraulic jack 13 to simulate the opening and closing of surface cracks caused by coal mining.

[0056] As an optional implementation, the bottom of both the internal rotation test device 9 and the internal fixing test device 10 is a solid plate, and the plates around the internal rotation test device 9 and the internal fixing test device 10 are honeycomb-shaped plates.

[0057] In one embodiment of the present invention, the external fixing test device 8 is made of solid, transparent, and hard sheet material with an opening at the top. The internal rotation test device 9 and the internal fixing test device 10 are both made of solid, transparent, and hard sheet material with an opening at the top. The surrounding sheet material is honeycomb-shaped, and the bottom is solid sheet material.

[0058] A method for simulating the hydrothermal coupled transport of soil vadose zone affected by mining includes the following steps:

[0059] Determine the light intensity and light conditions in the area where test soil 7 is located, and determine the boundary conditions based on the information of test soil 7;

[0060] In one embodiment of the present invention, the controlling equations for water and heat transport in the vadose zone of the test soil are determined, the light intensity and light conditions in the area where the test soil is located are determined, and the boundary conditions are determined in conjunction with the test soil information. Based on monitoring data from the coal mining site, the development characteristics of mining-induced ground fissures are determined, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the characteristics and patterns of changes in groundwater level are as follows: Figure 5 As shown.

[0061] Test soil 7 was collected from the field in stratified layers according to depth and filled into the test and control specimens to make the soil distribution consistent with the in-situ results in the field. Data monitoring devices were installed at different depths.

[0062] In one embodiment of the present invention, test soil is collected from the field in stratified layers according to depth, and after appropriate adjustment, the test soil is filled with an internal rotating test device 9, an internal fixing test device 10, and a separate control test device 12 so that the soil distribution is basically consistent with the results in the field in situ, and monitoring sensors 17 are installed at different depths.

[0063] After the test soil 7 was filled, water was injected into the test specimen and control specimen through the water supply system to fully saturate the test soil. After the water was allowed to reach natural equilibrium for 48 hours, the water level was lowered to reduce the simulated water level depth to the average groundwater level in the area where the test soil 7 was located.

[0064] In one embodiment of the present invention, after the test soil is filled, water is injected into the test device to make the test soil completely saturated. After the water is allowed to naturally balance for 48 hours, valve 21 is opened to lower the water level to simulate the groundwater level. The simulated water level is lowered to the average groundwater level in the area where the test soil is located. In this example, the simulated initial groundwater level is 100cm deep.

[0065] Based on the changes in sunlight duration and intensity in the area where soil 7 was tested, the light intensity was adjusted using the lighting system.

[0066] The monitoring sensor monitors the hydrothermal changes in the vadose zone of the soil, and the data acquisition device collects, processes, and displays the hydrothermal change data of the vadose zone of the soil, simulating the impact of mining-induced groundwater level changes on the coupled hydrothermal transport of the vadose zone of the soil.

[0067] In one embodiment of the present invention, a hydrothermal coupling simulation experiment of soil vadose zone developed by mining at a constant water level was conducted. The lighting system was adjusted according to changes in the duration and intensity of sunlight in the area where the test soil was located. Figure 3 As shown, the illumination duration is 12 hours / day. Based on the monitoring results of ground fissure development in coal mining areas, the fissure width and development time are set, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the initial water level depth was controlled to be maintained at 100cm, with fluctuations not exceeding 1cm. The split hydraulic jack 13 was controlled (minimum controllable extension and retraction 1mm) to achieve the rotation of the internal rotating test device 9, simulating the development of ground fissures. The width of the simulated fissures was controlled, with each width change lasting for one day. Simultaneously, the monitoring sensor 17 monitored the hydrothermal changes in the soil vadose zone, the data acquisition device 16 collected the hydrothermal change data of the soil vadose zone, and the data processing computer 18 processed and displayed the collected hydrothermal change data of the soil vadose zone. By comparing the hydrothermal change data of the soil vadose zone with that of the separate control test device 12, the study revealed the influence of mining-induced ground fissure development on the coupled hydrothermal migration of the soil vadose zone.

[0068] A simulation experiment of hydrothermal coupling in the soil vadose zone to investigate changes in groundwater level due to mining-induced constant ground fissure width was conducted. The lighting system was adjusted according to changes in sunlight duration and intensity in the test soil area. Figure 3 As shown, with a lighting duration of 12 hours / day, the separate hydraulic jack 13 is controlled to rotate the internal rotation test device 9 to the position simulating the maximum crack width and maintain stability. The maximum crack width is 325mm. This is combined with the changes in the underground groundwater level, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the water level changes of the external fixed test device 8 and the single control test device 12 were controlled to simulate water level changes. Each water level change value was maintained for 1 day. At the same time, the monitoring sensor 17 monitored the hydrothermal changes of the soil vadose zone, the data acquisition device 16 collected the hydrothermal change data of the soil vadose zone, and the data processing computer 18 processed and displayed the collected hydrothermal change data of the soil vadose zone. By comparing with the hydrothermal change data of the soil vadose zone of the single control test device 12, the study revealed the influence of mining-induced groundwater level changes on the hydrothermal coupling migration of the soil vadose zone.

[0069] A simulation experiment on the synergistic effect of mining-induced ground fissure development and groundwater level changes on the hydrothermal coupled transport of soil vadose zone was conducted. The lighting system was adjusted according to changes in sunlight duration and intensity in the test soil area. Figure 3 As shown, the illumination duration is 12 hours / day. Based on the monitoring results of ground fissure development in coal mining areas, the fissure width and development time are set, such as... Figure 4As shown, the initial water level depth was maintained at 100cm, and the separate hydraulic jack 13 was controlled to rotate the internal rotating test device 9, simulating the development of ground fissures. The width of the simulated fissures was controlled, with each width change lasting for one day. This was combined with the mining-induced changes in the groundwater level, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the water level changes of the external fixed test device 8 and the single control test device 12 were controlled to simulate water level changes. Each water level change value was maintained for one day. At the same time, the monitoring sensor 17 monitored the hydrothermal changes of the soil vadose zone, the data acquisition device 16 collected the hydrothermal change data of the soil vadose zone, and the data processing computer 18 processed and displayed the collected hydrothermal change data of the soil vadose zone. By comparing with the hydrothermal change data of the soil vadose zone of the single control test device 12, the study revealed the synergistic effect of mining-induced ground fissure development and groundwater level changes on the coupled hydrothermal migration of the soil vadose zone.

[0070] In one embodiment of the present invention, the changes in moisture and heat in the vadose zone are as follows:

[0071] The influence of moisture in the vadose zone ΔW xy n For: ΔW xy n =(W yDZ n -W yDZ 0 )-(W xy n -W xy 0 )

[0072] In the formula, x represents the x-th column sensor, ①~⑤; y represents the y-th row sensor, 1)~9); n represents the nth day since the start of the experiment; ΔW xy n This indicates the change in soil vadose zone moisture at the sensor location in column x and row y of the internal fixed test device 10 on day n of the test, in %; W yDZ n This indicates the soil vadose zone moisture content at the sensor location in row y, on day n of the experiment, in the standalone control test setup 12, expressed as %; W yDZ 0 This represents the soil vadose zone moisture content at the sensor location in row y of the single control test setup 12, starting from day 0 of the experiment. It is the initial soil moisture content at the sensor location in row y of the single control test setup 12, expressed in % (%). xy n This indicates the soil vadose zone moisture content at the sensor location in the nth day, xth column, and yth row of the test area, in %; W xy 0This represents the soil vadose zone moisture content at the sensor location in column x and row y of the internal fixed test device 10 on day 0 of the experiment, i.e., the initial moisture content of the vadose zone in the internal fixed test device 10, in %; to eliminate the influence of random errors, ΔW is used. xy n A threshold exceeding 2% is set as the impact limit for mining activities. Where A and ΔW are... xy n >0 indicates that, at the same location, the amount of moisture lost from the vadose zone of the soil in the internal fixed test device 10 due to mining is greater than the amount of natural moisture loss from the vadose zone of the soil in the control test device 12, meaning that coal mining accelerates the loss of moisture from the vadose zone of the soil; B, ΔW xy n If <0, it means that at the same location, the amount of water lost from the soil vadose zone in the internal fixed test device 10 due to mining is less than the amount of water lost naturally in the control test device 12 alone, that is, coal mining accelerates the acquisition of water from the soil vadose zone.

[0073] The effect of heat on the vadose zone ΔT xy n For: ΔT xy n =(T yDZ n -T yDZ 0 )-(T xy n -T xy 0 )

[0074] In the formula, x represents the x-th column sensor, ①~⑤; y represents the y-th row sensor, 1)~9); n represents the nth day since the start of the experiment; ΔT xy n This indicates the change in soil vadose zone temperature at the sensor location in column x and row y of the internal fixed test device 10 on day n of the test, in °C; T. yDZ n This indicates the soil vadose zone temperature at the sensor location in row y, on day n of the experiment, in the standalone control test setup 12, expressed in °C (T). yDZ 0 This indicates the soil vadose zone temperature at the sensor location in row y of the single control test setup 12, starting from day 0 of the experiment. This represents the initial soil water temperature at the sensor location in row y of the single control test setup 12, in °C (°C). (T) xy n This indicates the soil vadose zone temperature at the sensor location in the nth day, xth column, and yth row of the test area, in °C (W). xy 0This represents the soil vadose zone temperature at the sensor location in column x and row y of the internal fixed test device 10 on day 0 of the experiment, i.e., the initial temperature of the vadose zone of the internal fixed test device 10, in °C. To eliminate the influence of random errors, ΔT is used. xy n A temperature exceeding 0.1℃ is defined as the impact limit of the mining activity. Where A and ΔT are... xy n >0 indicates that, at the same location, the heat loss from the vadose zone of the soil in the internal fixed test device 10 due to mining is greater than the natural heat loss from the vadose zone of the soil in the control test device 12, meaning that coal mining accelerates the heat loss from the vadose zone of the soil; B, ΔT xy n If <0, it means that at the same location, the amount of heat loss from the soil vadose zone of the internal fixed test device 10 due to mining is less than the amount of natural heat loss from the control test device 12, that is, coal mining accelerates the acquisition of heat from the soil vadose zone.

[0075] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0076] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for simulating the hydrothermal coupled transport of soil vadose zone affected by mining, characterized in that, include: The testing system includes a test piece and a control piece, the test piece and the control piece are connected, and test soil is provided in both the test piece and the control piece (7); A water supply system stores water, and the test specimen and the control specimen are respectively connected to the water supply system, and the water level inside the test specimen and the control specimen is the same. An illumination system, located above the test specimen and the control specimen, is used to simulate sunlight; The data monitoring and processing system includes a data monitoring component and a data processing component. The data monitoring component is used to monitor the moisture content and temperature of the test soil (7) inside the test specimen and the control specimen. The data processing component is electrically connected to the data monitoring component and is used to collect and process moisture content and temperature information.

2. The device for simulating the hydrothermal coupling transport of soil vadose zone affected by mining as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The test piece includes an external fixing test device (8), which is a hollow structure. An internal fixing test device (10) is fixedly connected inside the external fixing test device (8). An internal rotation test device (9) is connected to one side of the internal fixing test device (10). A gravel layer (22) is provided at the bottom of both the internal fixing test device (10) and the internal rotation test device (9). Test soil (7) is provided at the top of the gravel layer (22).

3. The device for simulating the hydrothermal coupling transport of soil vadose zone affected by mining, as described in claim 2, is characterized in that: The control device includes a separate control test device (12), with a gravel layer (22) at the bottom and test soil (7) at the top. The bottom of the separate control test device (12) is connected to the bottom of the external fixed test device (8).

4. The device for simulating the hydrothermal coupling transport of soil vadose zone affected by mining, as described in claim 3, is characterized in that: The water supply system includes a circulating water tank (11) which stores water. The circulating water tank (11) is connected to the external fixed test device (8) and the separate control test device (12) through a PVC water supply hose (2). The PVC water supply hose (2) is equipped with a peristaltic water pump (1), a pressure stabilizing box (3), an overflow valve (4), an electronic water pressure gauge (5), an electronic flow meter (6), and a valve (21).

5. The device for simulating the hydrothermal coupling transport of soil vadose zone affected by mining as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The lighting system includes a plurality of radiant lamps (15), each of which is connected to an external controller.

6. The device for simulating the hydrothermal coupling transport of soil vadose zone affected by mining according to claim 3, characterized in that: The data monitoring device includes a plurality of monitoring sensors (17), which are respectively arranged on the internal fixed test device (10) and the separate control test device (12), and the plurality of monitoring sensors (17) are spaced apart along the axial direction, with the monitoring sensor (17) at the bottom layer located above the gravel layer (22).

7. The device for simulating the hydrothermal coupled transport of soil vadose zone affected by mining, as described in claim 6, is characterized in that: The data processing unit includes a data acquisition unit (16), a plurality of monitoring sensors (17) are electrically connected to the data acquisition unit (16), and the data acquisition unit (16) is electrically connected to a data processing computer (18).

8. The device for simulating the hydrothermal coupled transport of soil vadose zone affected by mining, as described in claim 2, is characterized in that: The bottom of the external fixed test device (8) is fixedly connected to a split hydraulic jack (13) and several supports (19). The internal fixed test device (10) is fixedly connected to the top of the supports (19). The internal rotation test device (9) is hinged to the internal fixed test device (10) through a hinge (20). The bottom of the internal rotation test device (9) away from the hinge (20) is in contact with the telescopic end of the split hydraulic jack (13).

9. A simulation device for the hydrothermal coupling of soil vadose zone affected by mining, as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the internal rotation test device (9) and the internal fixing test device (10) are both solid plates, and the plates around the internal rotation test device (9) and the internal fixing test device (10) are all honeycomb-shaped plates.

10. A method for simulating the hydrothermal coupled transport of soil vadose zone affected by mining, applicable to the simulation device for simulating the hydrothermal coupled transport of soil vadose zone affected by mining as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Determine the light intensity and light conditions in the area where the test soil (7) is located, and determine the boundary conditions based on the information of the test soil (7); The test soil (7) was collected from the field in stratified layers according to depth and filled into the test and control specimens to make the soil distribution consistent with the field in situ results. Data monitoring specimens were installed at different depths. After the test soil (7) is filled, water is injected into the test specimen and control specimen through the water supply system to make the test soil completely saturated. After the water is naturally balanced for 48 hours, the water level is lowered to lower the simulated water level depth to the average groundwater level in the area where the test soil (7) is located. According to the changes in light time and intensity in the area where the test soil (7) is located, the light intensity is adjusted through the light system; The monitoring sensor monitors the hydrothermal changes in the vadose zone of the soil, and the data acquisition device collects, processes, and displays the hydrothermal change data of the vadose zone of the soil, simulating the impact of mining-induced groundwater level changes on the coupled hydrothermal transport of the vadose zone of the soil.

Images