Mangrove forest ecological restoration engineering carbon emission metering method based on LCA method
By constructing a carbon emission accounting framework and factor library for mangrove ecological restoration projects based on the LCA method, the problem of imprecise measurement in existing technologies has been solved, and accurate measurement and dynamic monitoring of carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle have been achieved, supporting the formulation of low-carbon restoration measures.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510867528.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-26
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-31
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods for measuring carbon emissions in mangrove ecological restoration projects lack a systematic accounting framework covering the entire life cycle, failing to comprehensively cover carbon emission sources at each stage. The measurement results are not precise enough, making it difficult to guarantee accuracy and failing to provide an effective basis for low-carbon restoration.
A carbon emission accounting framework for mangrove ecological restoration projects based on the LCA method was constructed, a measurement method was set, a full life cycle carbon emission factor database was built, and a carbon emission calculation system was used to calculate the full life cycle carbon emissions, including data collection, calculation model and report development, and comprehensive consideration of carbon emissions at all stages of planting and management.
It enables accurate measurement of carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle of mangrove ecological restoration projects, providing a scientific basis for assessing the environmental benefits of projects and formulating emission reduction measures, supporting dynamic monitoring and evaluation, and promoting low-carbon practices.
Smart Images
Figure CN120875222A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of carbon emission measurement technology, specifically a carbon emission measurement method for mangrove ecological restoration projects based on the LCA method. Background Technology
[0002] Mangrove ecosystems are unique ecosystems in coastal areas, playing a vital role in coastal protection, biodiversity conservation, and carbon sequestration. However, due to human activities and natural factors, mangrove ecosystems have suffered severe damage. To better restore mangrove ecosystems, mangrove ecological restoration projects have been developed. During mangrove ecological restoration, carbon emissions have received increasing attention. Accurately measuring the carbon emissions of mangrove ecological restoration projects is crucial for assessing their environmental benefits and guiding low-carbon restoration practices.
[0003] However, existing methods for measuring carbon emissions in mangrove ecological restoration projects lack a systematic accounting framework for carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle of the project. They cannot comprehensively cover carbon emission sources at each stage from planning and implementation to completion. Furthermore, the measurement methods fail to fully consider the differences in carbon emissions at various stages during the planting process, such as seedling production, transportation, planting operations, and management activities, including fertilization, irrigation, pest and disease control, and monitoring. As a result, the carbon emission measurement methods during the mangrove planting and management periods are not precise enough, making it difficult to guarantee the accuracy of carbon emission calculation results and failing to provide an effective basis for reducing carbon emissions from the project. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a carbon emission measurement method for mangrove ecological restoration projects based on the LCA method, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art and achieve accurate measurement of carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle of mangrove ecological restoration projects.
[0005] The optimized structure of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a carbon emission measurement method for mangrove ecological restoration projects based on the LCA method, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Construct a carbon emission accounting framework for mangrove ecological restoration projects based on the LCA method, and clarify the mechanism and sources of carbon emissions at each stage of the entire project cycle; Step S2: Set the carbon emission measurement method for mangroves; Step S3: Construct a mangrove life cycle carbon emission factor database, collect, organize and analyze carbon emission factors corresponding to different activities at each stage, and provide basic data for carbon emission accounting; Step S4: Based on the carbon emission accounting framework, the carbon emission weighing method, and the carbon emission factor library, calculate the carbon emissions for the entire cycle of the mangrove ecological restoration project using the carbon emission calculation system. The carbon emission calculation system includes a data acquisition module, which can collect data on the entire life cycle of mangrove restoration projects; The carbon emission calculation model can dynamically calculate the carbon emissions of seedling substrate production, transportation energy consumption, and planting machinery operation during the mangrove seedling cultivation stage. The whole life cycle integration module uses time series analysis to couple and calculate the whole life cycle carbon flux data, and outputs an assessment report that includes a carbon footprint heatmap and net carbon sink. The report generation module outputs an assessment report that includes a carbon footprint heatmap and net carbon sink.
[0006] In some embodiments, in step S1, the accounting framework includes defining the system boundary of the mangrove ecological restoration project, identifying carbon emission sources throughout the entire project cycle, analyzing the emission mechanisms and influencing factors of each carbon emission source, and establishing the correlation between carbon emission sources and project activities. The system boundary for defining mangrove ecological restoration projects includes the entire lifecycle from project planning and implementation to completion. The carbon emission sources identified throughout the entire lifecycle of the project include energy consumption, material use, and biological activities.
[0007] In some embodiments, the mangrove carbon emission measurement method in step S2 includes a carbon emission weighing method during the planting period and a carbon emission weighing method during the management period. The method for calculating carbon emissions during the planting period includes the calculation of carbon emissions during seedling production, carbon emissions during seedling transportation, and carbon emissions during planting operations. The carbon emission gravimetric method during the management period includes the calculation of carbon emissions during fertilization, irrigation, pest and disease control, and monitoring.
[0008] In some embodiments, in step S3, the factor database includes collecting carbon emission factor data from relevant domestic and international research and practice, and, in combination with the characteristics and actual situation of mangrove ecological restoration projects, screening and correcting the collected data to establish a carbon emission factor database, and regularly updating and maintaining it.
[0009] In some embodiments, the carbon emission calculation model during the planting period is based on an improved Monte Carlo algorithm, and its calculation formula is as follows:
[0010] in, Let be the carbon emissions of the i-th type of seedling substrate. For the carbon emission factor of activity type j, Let j be the amount of input for activity j. Let be the energy consumption of activity type j.
[0011] In some embodiments, the calculation formula for the coupled calculation of the full lifecycle integration module is:
[0012] in, This represents the carbon emissions throughout the entire lifecycle of the mangrove ecological restoration project. Let be the amount of carbon input at time t. Let t be the carbon output at time t, and T be the total project cycle time.
[0013] In some embodiments, the full lifecycle integration module incorporates a tidal compensation algorithm, the calculation formula of which is:
[0014] in, Let A be the tidal compensation amount, B be the area of the repaired area (ha), C be the inundation duration on day k (h), and D be the average salinity (‰).
[0015] In some embodiments, the data acquisition module includes remote sensing satellites, drones, and IoT sensors, which can collect data on soil carbon flux, vegetation biomass, tidal parameters, and human intervention activities. The drone is equipped with a hyperspectral imager and lidar, with a spatial resolution of 0.1m. It can identify changes in the canopy morphology of mangrove seedlings at a scale of 5cm and establish a regression model with the carbon accumulation rate. The IoT sensor includes a soil respiration meter, which measures respiration at a frequency of 10 minutes per measurement and has an accuracy of ±0.1 μmol × m. - ²×s - ¹; A root growth monitor, which detects the amount of oxygen released from the roots based on a microelectrode array, and the data is transmitted via LoRaWAN.
[0016] In some embodiments, the carbon emission weighing method during the maintenance period includes 23 types of mangrove maintenance activities, wherein the carbon emission factor for pest control operations is subdivided according to the type of pesticide, and the carbon emission factor for tidal dredging is classified according to the type of machinery used.
[0017] In some embodiments, during the construction of the mangrove life cycle carbon emission factor database, the carbon emission factor database is equipped with a dynamic update interface, which uses blockchain technology to synchronize the latest data from the international carbon factor database every hour, with the update error controlled within ±0.5%.
[0018] The above-described technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages: (1) By constructing a carbon emission accounting framework for mangrove ecological restoration projects based on the LCA method, this invention can clarify the carbon emission sources and mechanisms at each stage of the entire life cycle of the project, which helps to fully understand the carbon emission characteristics and patterns of the project. By using the carbon emission weighing method during the planting and maintenance periods, and taking into account the specific circumstances of each stage, the carbon emission of mangrove ecological restoration projects can be measured comprehensively and accurately, providing a scientific basis for evaluating the environmental benefits of the project.
[0019] (2) The accounting framework of this invention covers the entire life cycle of mangrove ecological restoration projects from project planning and implementation to completion. It can systematically analyze the carbon emissions at each stage, which helps to fully understand the carbon emission characteristics and patterns of the project and provides a basis for formulating targeted emission reduction measures.
[0020] (3) The constructed mangrove life cycle carbon emission factor library collected carbon emission factors corresponding to different activities at each stage, and screened and corrected them in combination with the characteristics of the project, providing accurate basic data for carbon emission accounting, thereby improving the reliability of carbon emission calculation results.
[0021] (4) The data acquisition module in the metering system can collect data on the entire life cycle of mangrove restoration projects in real time, providing rich and accurate data support for subsequent calculations and analysis. The carbon emission calculation model during the planting period and the carbon emission factor library during the management period can dynamically calculate carbon emissions and adjust the calculation results in a timely manner according to changes in the actual situation. The whole life cycle integration module can output detailed assessment reports, enabling dynamic monitoring and assessment of carbon emissions from mangrove ecological restoration projects. This provides timely and accurate information for project management and decision-making. Managers can adjust the project plan in a timely manner based on the assessment results and take effective emission reduction measures.
[0022] (5) By accurately measuring and analyzing the carbon emissions of mangrove ecological restoration projects, we can assess the impact of various factors on carbon emissions, thereby proposing measures and suggestions to reduce carbon emissions of the projects, guiding the low-carbon practice of mangrove ecological restoration projects, and promoting the coordinated development of mangrove ecological restoration and carbon emission reduction. Attached Figure Description
[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the carbon emission calculation system of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0025] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
[0026] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.
[0027] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0028] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.
[0029] refer to Figure 1-2 A method for measuring carbon emissions from mangrove ecological restoration projects based on the LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) approach includes the following steps: Step S1: Construct a carbon emission accounting framework for mangrove ecological restoration projects based on the LCA method, and clarify the mechanism and sources of carbon emissions at each stage of the entire project cycle.
[0030] The accounting framework includes defining the system boundary of the mangrove ecological restoration project, identifying carbon emission sources throughout the project's lifecycle, analyzing the emission mechanisms and influencing factors of each carbon emission source, and establishing the correlation between carbon emission sources and project activities.
[0031] Defining the system boundary of mangrove ecological restoration projects includes the entire life cycle from project planning and implementation to completion. The project planning phase includes activities such as engineering design, site selection, and resource assessment, taking into account the carbon emissions of these activities. The implementation phase covers the mangrove planting and management phases. The planting phase includes seedling production, transportation, and planting operations, while the management phase includes activities such as fertilization, irrigation, pest and disease control, and monitoring. A detailed analysis of carbon emissions from each stage, including planting operations, seedling production and transportation, fertilization, irrigation, pest and disease control, and monitoring, is conducted. The completion phase involves a detailed analysis of the carbon sequestration function of mature mangroves and the carbon emissions from the dismantling of engineering facilities.
[0032] A comprehensive identification of carbon emission sources throughout the entire project lifecycle is required, including carbon emissions generated during energy consumption (such as fuel and electricity used in machinery and equipment), material use (such as seedlings, fertilizers, pesticides, and building materials), biological activities (such as soil respiration and microbial decomposition), and waste treatment.
[0033] A thorough analysis of the emission mechanisms and influencing factors of each carbon emission source is needed. For example, carbon emissions from energy consumption are related to equipment power, usage time, and energy type; carbon emissions from fertilizer use are related to fertilizer type, application rate, and production process. Establishing the correlation between carbon emission sources and engineering activities is crucial for accurately calculating carbon emissions at each stage.
[0034] Step S2: Set the carbon emission measurement method for mangroves. The carbon emission measurement method for mangroves includes the carbon emission weighing method during the planting period and the carbon emission weighing method during the management period.
[0035] The carbon emission calculation method for the planting period includes the calculation of carbon emissions during seedling production, seedling transportation, and planting operations. It considers carbon emissions from raw material extraction, processing, and transportation during seedling substrate production; carbon emissions from fertilizer production, transportation, and application during fertilizer use; and carbon emissions from energy consumption (such as lighting, heating, and ventilation) during seedling cultivation. Calculations are performed based on different production processes and inputs, combined with corresponding carbon emission factors. Carbon emissions during seedling transportation are calculated based on the transportation distance, mode of transport (such as road transport, water transport), and energy consumption of transport vehicles (such as trucks and ships), combined with the carbon emission factors of the transport vehicles. Carbon emission calculations for planting operations include carbon emissions from fuel consumption of machinery used during planting (such as excavators and loaders), as well as carbon emissions from personnel transportation and food consumption during labor input. Calculations are performed based on the usage time, power, and fuel type of machinery, as well as the activity level of personnel and relevant carbon emission factors.
[0036] The carbon emission gravimetric method for the maintenance period covers carbon emissions from maintenance activities such as fertilization, irrigation, pest and disease control, and monitoring. When calculating carbon emissions during fertilization, the method is determined based on the type of fertilizer (e.g., organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer), the amount applied, and the carbon emission factor of fertilizer production. It also considers potential greenhouse gas emissions from fertilizer decomposition and transformation in the soil. Carbon emissions during irrigation consider energy consumption during water extraction, transportation, and use, such as the power consumption of water pumps and the energy consumption of pipeline transportation. Calculations are based on the power of irrigation equipment, usage time, and energy type, combined with relevant carbon emission factors. Carbon emissions during pest and disease control include carbon emissions from pesticide production, use, and waste disposal. Calculations are based on the type of pesticide, the amount used, and the production process, combined with carbon emission factors from pesticide production and use. Potential greenhouse gas emissions from pesticide waste disposal are also considered. Carbon emissions during monitoring include those from the use of monitoring equipment (e.g., weather stations, water quality monitors) and personnel transportation. The calculation is based on the power of the monitoring equipment, the usage time, the mode of transportation of personnel, distance, etc., combined with the corresponding carbon emission factors.
[0037] Step S3 involves constructing a mangrove life-cycle carbon emission factor database. This includes collecting, organizing, and analyzing carbon emission factors corresponding to different activities at each stage, providing fundamental data for carbon emission accounting. Extensive data collection of carbon emission factors from relevant domestic and international research and practice is conducted, including those related to energy, materials, and biological activities. The collected data is then filtered and revised based on the characteristics and actual conditions of mangrove ecological restoration projects. For example, adjustments are made to carbon emission factors considering differences in energy structure, production processes, and environmental conditions across different regions. A carbon emission factor database is established, including carbon emission factors for different stages, activities, materials, and energy sources. This database is regularly updated and maintained to ensure data accuracy and timeliness.
[0038] Step S4: Based on the carbon emission accounting framework, carbon emission weighing method, and carbon emission factor library, calculate the carbon emissions for the entire mangrove ecological restoration project cycle using the carbon emission calculation system. Add the carbon emissions from the planting and maintenance periods, as well as the carbon emissions from other stages, to obtain the total carbon emissions for the entire mangrove ecological restoration project cycle. Assuming the total carbon emissions during the planting period are P kgCO2e, the total carbon emissions during the maintenance period are M kgCO2e, the carbon emissions during the project planning phase are Q kgCO2e, and the carbon emissions during the final phase are N kgCO2e, then the total carbon emissions for the entire project cycle are (E = P + M + Q + N) kgCO2e.
[0039] Uncertainty analysis was conducted on the calculation results to assess the impact of various factors (such as the uncertainty of carbon emission factors and data measurement errors) on the carbon emission calculation results. Based on the analysis results, measures and suggestions for reducing carbon emissions in mangrove ecological restoration projects were proposed, such as optimizing energy use, selecting low-carbon materials, and improving planting and management techniques.
[0040] The carbon emission calculation system includes a data acquisition module, a carbon emission calculation model, a full life cycle integration module, and a report generation module. The data acquisition module collects full life cycle data of mangrove restoration projects. This data is acquired through remote sensing satellites, drones, and IoT sensors, including soil carbon flux, vegetation biomass, tidal parameters, and data on human intervention activities. The drones can be equipped with hyperspectral imagers and lidar, achieving a spatial resolution of 0.1m, capable of identifying changes in mangrove seedling canopy morphology down to 5cm and establishing a regression model with carbon accumulation rates. The IoT sensors may include soil respiration meters and root growth monitors. The soil respiration meter measures at a frequency of 10 minutes per measurement, with an accuracy of ±0.1μmol×m. - ²×s - ¹; The root growth monitor detects root oxygen release based on a microelectrode array, and the data is transmitted via LoRaWAN. LoRaWAN (LoRa Wide Area Network) is a low-power wide area network communication protocol developed by Semtech based on spread spectrum frequency shift keying (CSS) modulation. By adjusting the transmission power and transmission rate, it can send signals at different frequencies to achieve long-distance and low-power communication. LoRaWAN has the advantages of long-distance communication, low power consumption, multi-node support, and high security, and can achieve accurate data acquisition.
[0041] The carbon emission calculation model, based on an improved Monte Carlo algorithm, can dynamically calculate carbon emissions from seedling substrate production, transportation energy consumption, and planting machinery operations during the mangrove seedling cultivation stage. The carbon emission factor for seedling substrate production can include the net value calculation of peat moss extraction, oyster shell crushing, and biochar addition. The carbon emission calculation model for the planting period is established based on the improved Monte Carlo algorithm, and its calculation formula is as follows:
[0042] in, Let be the carbon emissions of the i-th type of seedling substrate. For the carbon emission factor of activity type j, Let j be the amount of input for activity j. Let be the energy consumption of activity type j.
[0043] The life-cycle integration module employs time-series analysis to couple and calculate life-cycle carbon flux data. The calculation formula for this coupled calculation is as follows:
[0044] in, This represents the carbon emissions throughout the entire lifecycle of the mangrove ecological restoration project. Let be the amount of carbon input at time t. Let t be the carbon output at time t, and T be the total project cycle time.
[0045] The report generation module outputs the life-cycle carbon flux data integrated by the life-cycle integration module in the form of an assessment report, which includes a carbon footprint heatmap and an assessment of net carbon sink.
[0046] In some embodiments, considering the impact of tides on carbon emissions, a tidal compensation algorithm is built into the life-cycle integration module, and its calculation formula is as follows:
[0047] in, The tidal compensation amount is given by A, where A is the area of the repaired area (ha), B is the inundation duration on day k (h), and C is the average salinity (‰). By supplementing the above calculations, the impact of tides on the calculated carbon emissions can be reduced.
[0048] In some embodiments, the data acquisition module includes remote sensing satellites, drones, and IoT sensors, which can collect data on soil carbon flux, vegetation biomass, tidal parameters, and human intervention activities. In some embodiments, the carbon emission weighing method during the maintenance period includes 23 types of mangrove maintenance activities. Among them, the carbon emission factor of pest control operations is subdivided by pesticide type, such as organophosphates 0.85 kg CO2e / kg and pyrethroids 1.12 kg CO2e / kg; the carbon emission factor of tidal dredging is divided by the type of operating machinery, such as excavators 2.4 kg CO2e / m³ and pneumatic pumps 0.7 kg CO2e / m³.
[0049] In some embodiments, during the construction of the mangrove life cycle carbon emission factor database, the carbon emission factor database is equipped with a dynamic update interface, which uses blockchain technology to synchronize the latest data from the international carbon factor database every hour, with the update error controlled within ±0.5%.
[0050] In practical applications, the data acquisition module first collects data on the entire lifecycle of mangrove restoration projects. This data is then input into a carbon emission calculation model for the planting period and a carbon emission factor library for the maintenance period, calculating carbon emissions for both periods. Next, the lifecycle integration module couples the carbon flux data from the planting, maintenance, and maturity periods for calculation, outputting an assessment report. Based on the carbon emission calculation results in the assessment report, uncertainty analysis is performed to assess the impact of various factors on the carbon emission calculation results. Finally, measures and recommendations for reducing carbon emissions from mangrove ecological restoration projects are proposed.
[0051] The following are some embodiments of the present invention: Example 1: Mangrove ecosystems damaged by reclamation, land reclamation, and other reasons require ecological restoration to improve their ecological functions and carbon sequestration capacity.
[0052] Remote sensing satellites are used to obtain information such as land use type and vegetation cover in mangrove planting areas; drones equipped with hyperspectral imagers and lidar are used to conduct detailed mapping of mangrove planting areas and obtain data such as canopy morphology and biomass of mangrove seedlings; Internet of Things sensors monitor parameters such as soil carbon flux, soil temperature, and humidity in real time, as well as physiological and ecological indicators during the growth process of mangroves.
[0053] Based on the established accounting framework, carbon emission sources throughout the entire project lifecycle are identified, including preliminary site clearing, seedling production, transportation, planting operations, and subsequent management activities. During the planting phase, carbon emissions are calculated for seedling production, such as substrate production, fertilizer use, and energy consumption; carbon emissions during seedling transportation are calculated, considering transportation distance, mode of transport, and energy consumption of transport vehicles; and carbon emissions during planting operations are calculated, including machinery use and labor input. During the management phase, carbon emissions from activities such as fertilization, irrigation, pest and disease control, and monitoring are calculated based on relevant carbon emission factors and activity data. The carbon emission calculation system then aggregates the carbon emissions from each stage to obtain the total carbon emissions for the entire mangrove ecological restoration project lifecycle.
[0054] Calculations show that carbon emissions during the planting phase of this mangrove ecological restoration project mainly originate from seedling production and transportation, accounting for approximately 60% of total carbon emissions. Carbon emissions during the maintenance phase are primarily concentrated in fertilization and irrigation activities, accounting for approximately 30% of total carbon emissions. Uncertainty analysis revealed that the uncertainty of carbon emission factors significantly impacts the calculated carbon emissions. It is recommended to further optimize the carbon emission factor database to improve data accuracy and reliability. Based on the analysis results, measures to reduce carbon emissions are proposed, such as optimizing the seedling production process to reduce energy consumption; selecting local seedlings to reduce transportation distances; and adopting water-saving irrigation technologies to reduce energy consumption during irrigation.
[0055] Example 2: Due to the impact of natural disasters and human activities, the mangrove ecosystem has suffered some damage and needs ecological restoration.
[0056] Remote sensing satellites are used to monitor changes in the mangrove ecosystem and obtain information such as the distribution range, area, and growth status of mangroves. Drones equipped with hyperspectral imagers and lidar are used to conduct detailed mapping of mangroves and obtain data such as the species composition, biomass, and canopy structure of mangrove plants. Internet of Things sensors monitor parameters such as soil carbon flux, soil temperature, humidity, and salinity in real time, as well as physiological and ecological indicators during the growth process of mangroves, such as photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate.
[0057] A carbon emission accounting framework for mangrove ecological restoration projects based on the LCA method was constructed to clarify the mechanisms and sources of carbon emissions at each stage of the project's entire lifecycle. During the planting period, a carbon emission accounting method was developed, comprehensively considering carbon emissions from seedling production, transportation, and planting operations, and calculated based on actual activity data and carbon emission factors. During the management period, a carbon emission accounting method was developed, covering carbon emissions from fertilization, irrigation, pest and disease control, monitoring, and other management activities, and calculated based on corresponding carbon emission factors and activity data. The carbon emission calculation system was then used to integrate the carbon emissions from the planting and management periods to obtain the total carbon emissions for the entire mangrove ecological restoration project lifecycle.
[0058] Calculations show that carbon emissions during the planting phase of the forest ecological restoration project mainly originate from seedling production and transportation, accounting for approximately 63% of total carbon emissions. During the maintenance phase, carbon emissions are primarily concentrated in fertilization and irrigation activities, accounting for approximately 29% of total carbon emissions. Uncertainty analysis revealed that measurement errors significantly impact the calculated carbon emissions, suggesting strengthened data quality control to improve accuracy and reliability. Based on the analysis, measures to reduce carbon emissions are proposed, such as adopting low-carbon seedling cultivation techniques to reduce seedling substrate production and energy consumption; optimizing transportation plans to reduce carbon emissions during transportation; and promoting water-saving irrigation techniques to reduce energy consumption during irrigation.
[0059] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. A carbon emission measurement method for mangrove ecological restoration projects based on the LCA method, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step S1: Construct a carbon emission accounting framework for mangrove ecological restoration projects based on the LCA method, and clarify the mechanism and sources of carbon emissions at each stage of the entire project cycle; Step S2: Set the carbon emission measurement method for mangroves; Step S3: Construct a mangrove life cycle carbon emission factor database, collect, organize and analyze carbon emission factors corresponding to different activities at each stage, and provide basic data for carbon emission accounting; Step S4: Based on the carbon emission accounting framework, the carbon emission weighing method, and the carbon emission factor library, calculate the carbon emissions for the entire cycle of the mangrove ecological restoration project using the carbon emission calculation system. The carbon emission calculation system includes a data acquisition module, which can collect data throughout the entire life cycle of mangrove restoration projects; The carbon emission calculation model can dynamically calculate the carbon emissions of seedling substrate production, transportation energy consumption, and planting machinery operation during the mangrove seedling cultivation stage. The whole life cycle integration module uses time series analysis to couple and calculate the whole life cycle carbon flux data; The report generation module outputs an assessment report that includes a carbon footprint heatmap and net carbon sink.
2. The carbon emission measurement method for mangrove ecological restoration projects based on the LCA method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the accounting framework includes defining the system boundary of the mangrove ecological restoration project, identifying carbon emission sources throughout the project cycle, analyzing the emission mechanisms and influencing factors of each carbon emission source, and establishing the correlation between carbon emission sources and project activities. The system boundary for defining mangrove ecological restoration projects includes the entire lifecycle from project planning and implementation to completion. The carbon emission sources identified throughout the entire lifecycle of the project include energy consumption, material use, and biological activities.
3. The carbon emission measurement method for mangrove ecological restoration projects based on the LCA method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the mangrove carbon emission measurement method includes a carbon emission weighing method during the planting period and a carbon emission weighing method during the management period. The method for calculating carbon emissions during the planting period includes the calculation of carbon emissions during seedling production, carbon emissions during seedling transportation, and carbon emissions during planting operations. The carbon emission gravimetric method during the management period includes the calculation of carbon emissions during fertilization, irrigation, pest and disease control, and monitoring.
4. The carbon emission measurement method for mangrove ecological restoration projects based on the LCA method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the factor database includes collecting carbon emission factor data from relevant domestic and international research and practice, and, in combination with the characteristics and actual situation of mangrove ecological restoration projects, screening and correcting the collected data to establish a carbon emission factor database, which is then regularly updated and maintained.
5. The carbon emission measurement method for mangrove ecological restoration projects based on the LCA method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon emission calculation model during the planting period is based on the improved Monte Carlo algorithm, and its calculation formula is as follows: in, Let be the carbon emissions of the i-th type of seedling substrate. For the carbon emission factor of activity type j, Let j be the amount of input for activity j. Let be the energy consumption of activity type j.
6. The carbon emission measurement method for mangrove ecological restoration projects based on the LCA method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation formula for the coupled calculation of the full lifecycle integration module is as follows: in, This represents the carbon emissions throughout the entire lifecycle of the mangrove ecological restoration project. Let be the amount of carbon input at time t. Let t be the carbon output at time t, and T be the total project cycle time.
7. The carbon emission measurement method for mangrove ecological restoration projects based on the LCA method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The entire lifecycle integration module includes a built-in tidal compensation algorithm, the calculation formula of which is: in, Let A be the tidal compensation amount, B be the area of the repaired area (ha), C be the inundation duration on day k (h), and D be the average salinity (‰).
8. The carbon emission measurement method for mangrove ecological restoration projects based on the LCA method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition module includes remote sensing satellites, drones, and IoT sensors, which can collect data on soil carbon flux, vegetation biomass, tidal parameters, and human intervention activities. The drone is equipped with a hyperspectral imager and lidar, with a spatial resolution of 0.1m. It can identify changes in the canopy morphology of mangrove seedlings at a scale of 5cm and establish a regression model with the carbon accumulation rate. The IoT sensor includes a soil respiration meter, which measures respiration at a frequency of 10 minutes per measurement and has an accuracy of ±0.1 μmol × m. - ²×s - ¹; A root growth monitor, which detects the amount of oxygen released from the roots based on a microelectrode array, and the data is transmitted via LoRaWAN.
9. The carbon emission measurement method for mangrove ecological restoration projects based on the LCA method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the carbon emission weighting method for the maintenance period, the maintenance activities include 23 types of mangrove maintenance activities, among which the carbon emission factor of pest control operations is subdivided according to the type of pesticide, and the carbon emission factor of tidal dredging is classified according to the type of machinery used.
10. The carbon emission measurement method for mangrove ecological restoration projects based on the LCA method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the construction of the mangrove full life cycle carbon emission factor database, the carbon emission factor database is equipped with a dynamic update interface. It uses blockchain technology to synchronize the latest data from the international carbon factor database every hour, with the update error controlled within ±0.5%.