High-gain in-band low-scattering multi-port circularly polarized patch antenna based on four-mode resonance

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-gain in-band low-scattering multi-port circularly polarized patch antenna based on four-mode resonance, and relates to the technical field of antennas. The antenna comprises a radiation patch, a dielectric substrate and a metal floor which are sequentially laminated, the radiation patch and the metal floor are connected by penetrating through the dielectric substrate through two rows of mutually orthogonal metal short circuit columns; four gap grooves which are orthogonal in sequence are loaded on the radiation patch along the diagonal direction; and feed ports are arranged on four regions divided by the radiation patch based on the two rows of mutually orthogonal metal short circuit columns. According to the invention, the in-band scattering reduction and gain improvement of the circularly polarized antenna are realized at the same time by utilizing the excitation difference of four modes under radiation and scattering conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and specifically to a high-gain, low-scattering, multi-port circularly polarized patch antenna based on four-mode resonance. Background Technology

[0002] As the environments faced by platforms become increasingly complex and volatile, antennas not only need low detectability but also stronger radiation capabilities. However, antenna radiation and scattering performance have long been mutually constraining. This is because achieving high radiation performance relies on a large physical aperture, which in turn often improves scattering performance. To achieve a larger radiation aperture while maintaining low scattering characteristics, researchers have placed electromagnetic metamaterials around or above circularly polarized antennas, utilizing the low scattering properties of these metamaterials to achieve low-scattering design. However, this method overly relies on the scale of the metamaterials, inevitably increasing the original size and cross-section of the antenna.

[0003] Existing methods for reducing in-band scattering of circularly polarized antennas often rely on additional structures, which have drawbacks such as complex structural design and mutual interference of antenna divergence characteristics. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of the aforementioned background technology, this invention primarily solves the problem of simultaneously achieving in-band scattering reduction and gain improvement in circularly polarized antennas without relying on additional structures. This invention provides a high-gain, low-scattering, multi-port circularly polarized patch antenna based on four-mode resonance. This invention constructs four modes with specific amplitude and phase relationships and excellent radiation characteristics by loading metal short-circuit posts and slots. By utilizing the different combinations of radiation and scattering excitation sources, the four modes converge outwards in the radiation state, forming high-gain circular polarization performance; in the scattering state, the modes diverge outwards, forming low-scattering characteristics within the band. Because no additional structures are introduced, the antenna has the advantages of low profile and simple structure, possessing great potential for practical applications.

[0005] The first objective of this invention is to provide a high-gain, low-scattering, multi-port circularly polarized patch antenna based on four-mode resonance, comprising a radiating patch, a dielectric substrate, and a metal ground plane stacked sequentially. The radiating patch and the metal floor are connected by two rows of mutually orthogonal metal short-circuit posts that pass through the dielectric substrate; The radiation patch has four sequentially orthogonal slots loaded along its diagonal direction; The radiating patch is divided into four regions by two rows of mutually orthogonal metal short-circuit posts, each with a power supply port.

[0006] Preferably, the power supply ports provided on all four regions are configured with equal amplitude and a phase difference of 90°.

[0007] Preferably, the metal short-circuit post is used to introduce a first pair of degenerate modes; the slot is used to introduce a second pair of degenerate modes.

[0008] Preferably, in the two rows of mutually orthogonal metal short-circuit posts, each row includes multiple metal short-circuit posts; Each metal short-circuit post has a diameter of R and is arranged sequentially at intervals of D1 along the central axis of the radiating patch, forming a cross shape that intersects at the center of the radiating patch; wherein, 0.001λ≤R≤0.005λ, 0.003λ≤D1≤0.01λ; λ is the wavelength of the antenna's center operating frequency.

[0009] Preferably, the radiating patch is square in shape with a side length of A; where 0.25λ≤A≤0.4λ; and λ is the wavelength of the center operating frequency of the antenna.

[0010] Preferably, the dielectric substrate is composed of a dielectric substrate with a dielectric constant of ε and a thickness of H; The long side of both the dielectric substrate and the metal ground plane is B, and the short side is C; wherein, 2.5≤ε≤3.5, 0.01λ≤H≤0.04λ, 0.4λ≤B≤0.6λ, 0.4λ≤C≤0.6λ; λ is the wavelength of the center operating frequency of the antenna.

[0011] Preferably, each of the power supply ports is located between any row of metal short-circuit posts and the corresponding slot in the area; the four power supply ports are rotationally symmetrical about the center of the radiating patch.

[0012] Preferably, the feed point of the radiating patch is impedance matched.

[0013] Preferably, each of the slots has a length of E and a width of F, is located on the diagonal of the radiating patch, and its length extension passes through the center of the radiating patch. Each of the slots is symmetrical about the central axis of the radiating patch; Where, 0.12λ≤E≤0.18λ, 0.02λ≤F≤0.04λ; λ is the wavelength of the antenna's center operating frequency.

[0014] The second objective of this invention is to provide an application of an antenna in a wireless communication system.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention provides a high-gain, in-band low-scattering, multi-port circularly polarized patch antenna based on four-mode resonance. Building upon the original antenna structure, this invention constructs four modes with unique amplitude and phase relationships and excellent radiation characteristics by adding metal short-circuit posts and slots. By utilizing the different combinations of radiation and scattering excitation sources, the four modes converge outwards in the radiation state, resulting in high-gain circular polarization performance; and in the scattering state, the modes diverge outwards, resulting in low-scattering characteristics within the band. Because no additional structure is introduced, the antenna has the advantages of low profile and simple structure, possessing great potential for practical applications.

[0016] The antenna provided by this invention ingeniously constructs four desired modes. By utilizing the differences in the excitation of the four modes under radiation and scattering conditions, it simultaneously achieves in-band scattering reduction and gain enhancement of the circularly polarized antenna.

[0017] The antenna provided by this invention requires no additional structure and has excellent radiation and scattering characteristics. Therefore, it has the advantages of low profile and simple structure, and has great potential for practical application. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a top view of a high-gain, in-band, low-scattering, multi-port circularly polarized patch antenna based on four-mode resonance. Figure 2 A side view of a high-gain, in-band, low-scattering, multi-port circularly polarized patch antenna based on four-mode resonance; Figure 3 The reflection coefficient curve of a high-gain in-band low-scattering multi-port circularly polarized patch antenna based on four-mode resonance is shown. Figure 4 The axial ratio curve of a high-gain in-band low-scattering multi-port circularly polarized patch antenna based on four-mode resonance is shown. Figure 5 This is the circular polarization pattern of a high-gain, low-scattering, multi-port circularly polarized patch antenna based on four-mode resonance at the Phi=0° plane of the resonant frequency. Figure 6 The circular polarization pattern of a high-gain, low-scattering, multi-port circularly polarized patch antenna based on four-mode resonance at the Phi=90° plane at the resonant frequency is shown. Figure 7 This is a monostatic radar cross-section curve of a high-gain, low-scattering, multi-port circularly polarized patch antenna based on four-mode resonance under vertical incidence of an X-polarized plane wave. Figure 8 This is a monostatic radar cross section curve of a high-gain in-band low-scattering multi-port circularly polarized patch antenna based on four-mode resonance under vertical incidence of Y-polarized plane wave. Figure 9This is a bistatic radar cross section curve of the XOZ and YOZ planes at the resonant frequency of a high-gain in-band low-scattering multi-port circularly polarized patch antenna based on four-mode resonance under vertical incidence of an X-polarized plane wave. Figure 10 This is a bistatic radar cross section curve of the XOZ and YOZ planes at the resonant frequency of a high-gain, low-scattering, multi-port circularly polarized patch antenna based on four-mode resonance under vertical incidence of a Y-polarized plane wave. Figure 11 Top view of the reference antenna; Figure 12 This is a side view of the reference antenna. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. However, the embodiments described are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0020] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-gain, low-scattering, multi-port circularly polarized patch antenna based on four-mode resonance, in order to solve the problem that it is difficult to simultaneously achieve in-band scattering reduction and gain improvement in circularly polarized antennas without relying on additional structures.

[0021] To achieve the above objectives, a high-gain in-band low-scattering multi-port circularly polarized patch antenna based on four-mode resonance is provided, comprising a radiating patch, a dielectric substrate, and a metal ground plane stacked sequentially. The radiating patch and the metal floor are connected by two rows of mutually orthogonal metal short-circuit posts that pass through the dielectric substrate; The radiation patch has four sequentially orthogonal slots loaded along its diagonal direction; The radiating patch is divided into four regions by two rows of mutually orthogonal metal short-circuit posts, each with a power supply port.

[0022] The metal short-circuit post is used to introduce a first pair of degenerate modes; the slot is used to introduce a second pair of degenerate modes.

[0023] The dielectric substrate is located between the radiating patch and the metal floor.

[0024] The power supply ports located in the four regions are configured with equal amplitude and a 90° phase difference.

[0025] In the radiation scenario, four feed ports are added at appropriate locations on the radiating patch, and four modes are excited sequentially with equal amplitude and a 90° phase difference, thereby achieving high-gain circular polarization performance. In the scattering scenario, all excitation ports are terminated with matched loads, and for normal plane waves under arbitrary polarization, the antenna exhibits low scattering performance within the operating frequency band.

[0026] Among them, each of the two rows of mutually orthogonal metal short-circuit posts includes multiple metal short-circuit posts; Each metal short-circuit post has a diameter of R and is arranged sequentially at intervals of D1 along the central axis of the radiating patch, forming a cross shape that intersects at the center of the radiating patch; where 0.001λ≤R≤0.005λ, 0.003λ≤D1≤0.01λ; and λ is the wavelength of the antenna's center operating frequency. This structure further increases the likelihood of the first pair of degenerate modes being excited at the resonant frequency.

[0027] The radiating patch is square in shape with a side length of A; where 0.25λ≤A≤0.4λ.

[0028] The dielectric substrate is composed of a dielectric substrate with a dielectric constant of ε and a thickness of H; The long side of both the dielectric substrate and the metal ground plane is B, and the short side is C; wherein, 2.5≤ε≤3.5, 0.01λ≤H≤0.04λ, 0.4λ≤B≤0.6λ, 0.4λ≤C≤0.6λ; λ is the wavelength of the center operating frequency of the antenna.

[0029] Each of the power supply ports 6 is located between any row of metal short-circuit posts 4 and the corresponding area slot 5; the distances of each power supply port from the two rows of metal short-circuit posts are D2 and D3, respectively; The four feed ports are rotationally symmetrical about the center of the radiating patch; where 0.1λ≤D2≤0.14λ, 0.03λ≤D3≤0.07λ; λ is the wavelength of the antenna's center operating frequency. This structure achieves impedance matching, further realizing the antenna's high-gain circular polarization performance.

[0030] The feed point of the radiating patch is impedance matched.

[0031] Each of the slots has a length of E and a width of F, is located on the diagonal of the radiating patch, and its length extension passes through the center of the radiating patch; each slot is symmetrical about the central axis of the radiating patch; wherein 0.12λ≤E≤0.18λ, 0.02λ≤F≤0.04λ; under this structure, the possibility of the second pair of degenerate modes being excited at the resonant frequency is further increased.

[0032] λ is the wavelength of the antenna's center operating frequency.

[0033] The antenna provided by this invention can be of different forms, and the mode construction method can also be different. As long as four desired modes can be constructed, and the different combination characteristics of the four desired modes under radiation and scattering conditions can be realized, it is acceptable.

[0034] This invention ingeniously constructs four desired modes. By utilizing the differences in excitation of the four modes under radiation and scattering conditions, it simultaneously achieves in-band scattering reduction and gain enhancement of the circularly polarized antenna. Without requiring any additional structures, the antenna itself possesses excellent radiation and scattering characteristics, thus offering advantages such as low profile and simple structure, and demonstrating great potential for practical applications.

[0035] This invention provides an application of an antenna in a wireless communication system.

[0036] To illustrate the high-gain, low-scattering, multi-port circularly polarized patch antenna based on four-mode resonance provided by this invention, the accompanying drawings are provided.

[0037] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a high-gain in-band low-scattering multi-port circularly polarized patch antenna based on four-mode resonance includes a radiating patch 1, a dielectric substrate 2, and a metal ground plane 3 stacked sequentially; wherein the radiating patch 1 and the metal ground plane 3 are connected by two rows of mutually orthogonal metal short-circuit posts 4, which are used to introduce a first pair of degenerate modes CM1, CM2; four sequentially orthogonal slots 5 are loaded along the diagonal direction of the radiating patch 1, which are used to introduce a second pair of degenerate modes CM3, CM4.

[0038] In the radiation case, four feed ports 6 are added at appropriate locations on the radiating patch 1, and the four modes are excited sequentially with equal amplitude and a 90° phase difference, thereby achieving high-gain circular polarization performance. In the scattering case, all excitation ports are terminated with matched loads, and for normal plane waves under arbitrary polarization, the antenna has low scattering performance within the operating frequency band.

[0039] Based on the above structure, the radiating patch 1 is square with a length of A. The dielectric substrate 2 is composed of a dielectric substrate with a dielectric constant of ε and a thickness of H. The long side of both the dielectric substrate 2 and the metal ground plane is B, and the short side is C. The center operating frequency wavelength of the antenna is λ. Wherein, 0.25λ≤A≤0.4λ, 2.5≤ε≤3.5, 0.01λ≤H≤0.04λ, 0.4λ≤B≤0.6λ, and 0.4λ≤C≤0.6λ.

[0040] The metal short-circuit posts 4 have a diameter of R and are arranged sequentially at intervals of D1 along the central axis of the radiating patch 1, forming a cross shape that intersects at the center of the radiating patch 1. Wherein, 0.001λ≤R≤0.005λ, 0.003λ≤D1≤0.01λ. This structure further increases the likelihood that the first pair of degenerate modes CM1 and CM2 will be excited at the resonant frequency.

[0041] The slot 5 has a length of E and a width of F, is located on the diagonal of the radiating patch 1, and its length extension passes through the center of the radiating patch 1. Wherein, 0.12λ≤E≤0.18λ, 0.02λ≤F≤0.04λ. The four slots 5 are symmetrical about the central axis of the radiating patch 1. This structure further increases the likelihood that the second pair of degenerate modes CM3 and CM4 will be excited at the resonant frequency.

[0042] The distances from the feed port 6 to the metal short-circuit post are D2 and D3, respectively. Where 0.1λ≤D2≤0.14λ and 0.03λ≤D3≤0.07λ, the four feed ports 6 are rotationally symmetrical about the center of the radiating patch 1. This structure achieves antenna impedance matching, further realizing high-gain circular polarization performance of the antenna.

[0043] To further illustrate the electromagnetic characteristics of a high-gain in-band low-scattering multi-port circularly polarized patch antenna based on four-mode resonance, the above embodiment was simulated under radiation and scattering conditions using the commercial simulation software ANSYS HFSS.

[0044] The radiation patch 1 is square and has a length of A=24mm.

[0045] The dielectric substrate 2 is composed of a dielectric substrate with a dielectric constant of ε=3 and a thickness of H=3.5mm. The long side of both the dielectric substrate 2 and the metal ground plane 3 is B=30mm, and the short side is C=30mm. The metal short-circuit posts 4 have a diameter of R=0.3mm and are arranged sequentially along the central axis of the radial patch 1 at intervals of D1=1mm. The length of the slot 5 is E=10mm and the width is F=1mm. The distances from the power supply port 6 to the metal short-circuit post are D2=9.35mm and D3=4mm, respectively.

[0046] To fully verify the radiation and scattering performance of the designed antenna element, a reference antenna with the same overall dimensions as the designed antenna was selected, and it is explained in conjunction with the attached drawings.

[0047] Reference Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, the reference antenna includes a radiating patch 7, a dielectric substrate 8, and a metal ground plane 9 stacked sequentially; wherein the dielectric substrate 8 and the metal ground plane 9 are... Figures 1-2 The dielectric substrate 2 and the metal ground plane 3 are completely identical. In the radiation case, four feed ports 10 are added at appropriate positions on the radiation patch 1, and four modes are excited sequentially with equal amplitude and a 90° phase difference, thereby achieving circular polarization performance. In the scattering case, all excitation ports are terminated with matched loads.

[0048] The radiation patch 7 is square and has a length of W=16mm.

[0049] The distances from the power supply port 10 to the edge of the radiating patch are D4=8mm and D5=4mm, respectively.

[0050] The radiation characteristics of the antenna were simulated, and the four ports of the above embodiment were excited with the same amplitude but with phases differing by 90°. Figure 3 The port reflection coefficients of the embodiment are given. It can be seen that the embodiment exhibits good matching performance around 5 GHz. Figure 4 The axial ratio performance of the embodiment is given. It can be seen that the embodiment has an axial ratio of less than 3 near 5 GHz, exhibiting good circular polarization performance. Figure 5 and Figure 6 The in-plane circular polarization patterns of the embodiments at 5 GHz are shown. It can be seen that the radiation patterns of the embodiments are basically the same in these two orthogonal planes, and the maximum radiation direction is at the normal direction, with a maximum gain of 7.23 dBi.

[0051] The scattering characteristics of the antenna were simulated. Matched loads were connected to the four ports of the above embodiment. Simulations were performed on the monostatic radar cross-section within the 4.8-5.2 GHz range under X-polarized incident wave and Y-polarized vertical incident wave illumination, respectively. The results are as follows: Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, under perpendicular illumination by both X-polarized and Y-polarized incident waves, the maximum reduction in radar cross-section of the embodiment exceeds 40 dB. Simulation calculations were performed on the bistatic radar cross section at 5 GHz for the above embodiments, and the results are as follows: Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, under perpendicular illumination by X-polarized and Y-polarized incident waves, the radar cross-section of the designed antenna is reduced within the ±60° angular domain.

[0052] This invention describes preferred embodiments and their effects. However, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to include both the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of this invention.

[0053] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-gain, in-band, low-scattering, multi-port circularly polarized patch antenna based on four-mode resonance, characterized in that, It includes a radiation patch (1), a dielectric substrate (2), and a metal floor (3) stacked in sequence. The radiating patch (1) and the metal floor (3) are connected by two rows of mutually orthogonal metal short-circuit posts (4) through the dielectric substrate (2); Four orthogonal slots (5) are loaded on the radiation patch (1) along the diagonal direction. Feed ports (6) are provided on the four regions of the radiating patch (1) divided by two rows of mutually orthogonal metal short-circuit posts.

2. The high-gain, in-band low-scattering, multi-port circularly polarized patch antenna based on four-mode resonance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply ports (6) set on the four regions are set with equal amplitude and phase difference of 90°.

3. The high-gain, in-band low-scattering, multi-port circularly polarized patch antenna based on four-mode resonance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal short-circuit post (4) is used to introduce the first pair of degenerate modes (CM1, CM2); the slot (5) is used to introduce the second pair of degenerate modes (CM3, CM4).

4. The high-gain, in-band low-scattering, multi-port circularly polarized patch antenna based on four-mode resonance according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the two rows of mutually orthogonal metal short-circuit posts (4), each row includes multiple metal short-circuit posts (4); Each metal short-circuit post (4) has a diameter of R and is arranged sequentially at intervals of D1 along the central axis of the radiating patch (1), forming a cross shape and intersecting each other at the center of the radiating patch (1); wherein, 0.001λ≤R≤0.005λ, 0.003λ≤D1≤0.01λ; λ is the wavelength of the antenna's center operating frequency.

5. The high-gain, in-band low-scattering, multi-port circularly polarized patch antenna based on four-mode resonance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radiating patch (1) is square in shape with a side length of A; where 0.25λ≤A≤0.4λ; λ is the center operating frequency wavelength of the antenna.

6. The high-gain, in-band low-scattering, multi-port circularly polarized patch antenna based on four-mode resonance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dielectric substrate (2) is composed of a dielectric substrate with a dielectric constant of ε and a thickness of H; The long side of both the dielectric substrate (2) and the metal ground plane (3) is B, and the short side is C; wherein, 2.5≤ε≤3.5, 0.01λ≤H≤0.04λ, 0.4λ≤B≤0.6λ, 0.4λ≤C≤0.6λ; λ is the wavelength of the center operating frequency of the antenna.

7. The high-gain, in-band low-scattering, multi-port circularly polarized patch antenna based on four-mode resonance according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the power supply ports (6) is located between any row of metal short-circuit posts (4) and the corresponding slot (5) in the area; the four power supply ports (6) are rotationally symmetrical about the center position of the radiating patch (1).

8. The high-gain, in-band low-scattering, multi-port circularly polarized patch antenna based on four-mode resonance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feed point of the radiating patch (1) is impedance matched.

9. The high-gain, in-band low-scattering, multi-port circularly polarized patch antenna based on four-mode resonance according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the slots (5) has a length of E and a width of F, is located on the diagonal of the radiating patch (1), and the extension of its length passes through the center of the radiating patch (1). Each of the slots (5) is symmetrical about the central axis of the radiating patch (1); Where, 0.12λ≤E≤0.18λ, 0.02λ≤F≤0.04λ; λ is the wavelength of the antenna's center operating frequency.

10. The application of the antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in a wireless communication system.

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