A method for promoting the survival of sapindus grafting

Abstract

The application provides a method for promoting the survival of sapindus grafting, and relates to the technical field of sapindus grafting. The method mainly selects 2-year-old seedling of litchi as a stock, cuts the upper and lower ends to obtain sapindus branches as grafting branches, carries out fumigation treatment on the sapindus branches after precooling by using citronellol and 1,8-cineole, cuts the lower end of the fumigated grafting branches into a wedge shape, and then grafts the grafting branches onto the stock. The method overcomes the defects of the prior art, effectively promotes the survival rate of the grafted seedlings by treating the grafting branches, and comprehensively improves the growth efficiency of the subsequent grafted seedlings.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of Sapindus mukorossi grafting technology, specifically to a method for promoting the survival rate of grafted Sapindus mukorossi. Background Technology

[0002] Sapindus mukorossi, a deciduous tree belonging to the Sapindaceae family and the Sapindus genus, has multiple uses including washing, medicinal purposes, soil and water conservation, and environmental protection. It can be used as a garden tree or economic forest species, and its artificial cultivation and development prospects are very broad. In recent years, with the diversified demands of society for the Sapindus mukorossi industry, the rapid propagation of superior varieties has become one of the major bottlenecks restricting its development. Currently, Sapindus mukorossi seedlings are mainly propagated by seed sowing, which has a long seedling cycle and significant seedling differentiation and intraspecific variation. Grafting propagation, on the other hand, can achieve early high yields while maintaining the original superior traits of the parent plant. Therefore, by establishing a scion orchard for superior Sapindus mukorossi clones, improving the grafting propagation technology system, and promoting the shift from seed sowing to grafting seedling cultivation, a guarantee of superior seedlings can be provided for the construction of Sapindus mukorossi raw material forest bases.

[0003] According to the research article "Research on Grafting Propagation Technology of Sapindus mukorossi" in the existing literature "Molecular Plant Breeding", "the survival rate of Sapindus mukorossi seedlings was statistically analyzed two months after grafting. The results showed that the average survival rate of grafting immediately after harvesting (62.00%) was higher than that of grafting after sand storage treatment (53.33%). Cleft grafting and bark grafting immediately after harvesting were significantly higher than those after sand storage treatment. Among them, the survival rate of grafting immediately after harvesting was the highest for cleft grafting (84.67%) and the lowest for side grafting (38.00%). After sand storage treatment, the survival rate of grafting was the highest for bud grafting (64.44%) and the lowest for side grafting (41.11%)." That is, under the current optimal conditions, the grafting survival rate of Sapindus mukorossi is about 85%, which is still relatively low for large-scale field planting. Therefore, how to improve the grafting survival rate of Sapindus mukorossi and further promote the growth of grafted seedlings is an important research direction at this stage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for promoting the survival rate of grafted Sapindus mukorossi. By treating the grafted branches, the survival rate of grafted seedlings is effectively increased, and the growth efficiency of subsequent grafted seedlings is comprehensively improved.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for promoting the survival rate of grafted soapberry trees, the method comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Selection and treatment of rootstock: Select two-year-old litchi seedlings as materials, and cut off the upper new shoots to use them as rootstocks;

[0008] S2. Selection of grafting branches: Select healthy branches from superior soapberry plants, retain 1-2 buds, cut them to a length of 5-8cm, and ensure that both the top and bottom ends are cut flat to obtain grafting branches.

[0009] S3. Preparation of fumigant: Citronellol and 1,8-cineole are mixed at a mass ratio of 2:1 to obtain fumigant;

[0010] S4. Pretreatment of grafted branches: Pre-cool the grafted branches at 2-4℃ for 20-30 minutes, then fumigate them in an environment with a fumigant concentration of 0.8-1.0g / L at 30-35℃ for 1-1.5 hours to obtain pretreated grafted branches.

[0011] S5. Grafting treatment: Graft the lower end of the pre-treated grafting branch onto the rootstock, and then tie the graft union to complete the grafting.

[0012] Preferably, in step S1, the diameter of the rootstock is 1-2 cm, and the height of the rootstock is 8-15 cm.

[0013] Preferably, the diameter of the grafted branch in step S2 is 0.5-0.7 cm.

[0014] Preferably, the superior Sapindus mukorossi plant in step S2 is a Sapindus mukorossi plant that is 8 years old or older.

[0015] Preferably, in step S5, the time from cutting the grafted branch to grafting is controlled to be within 12 hours, and grafting is carried out in the evening.

[0016] Preferably, the grafting method in step S5 is cleft grafting, which involves vertically splitting the cross-section of the rootstock into an interface, and cutting the lower end of the pre-treated grafting branch into a wedge shape during grafting.

[0017] Preferably, the grafting in step S5 is done in spring, and the temperature during grafting is controlled at 17-22℃.

[0018] Preferably, in step S5, a special grafting film is used for wrapping and fixing to complete the binding.

[0019] Preferably, after grafting is completed in step S5, the overall shading rate is controlled at 50%-70%.

[0020] This invention provides a method for promoting the survival rate of grafted Sapindus mukorossi, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0021] This invention improves the survival rate of Sapindus mukorossi grafts by pre-cooling them at low temperatures, followed by fumigation with citronellol and 1,8-cineole, and then grafting them onto rootstocks. This also enhances the growth efficiency of subsequent Sapindus mukorossi seedlings and promotes the establishment of a superior Sapindus mukorossi cultivar nursery. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of Sapindus mukorossi grafting in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the growth of Sapindus mukorossi grafted seedlings in experimental group 1 after 15 days in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the growth of Sapindus mukorossi grafted seedlings in experimental group 1 after 45 days in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the growth of grafted Sapindus mukorossi seedlings in experimental group 1 after 75 days in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1:

[0027] Soapberry grafting:

[0028] (1) Select two-year-old litchi seedlings as materials, cut off the upper new shoots and use them as rootstocks, control the diameter of the rootstocks to be 1-2cm, and retain the height of the rootstocks to be 8-15cm;

[0029] (2) Select Sapindus mukorossi plants with excellent shape that are 8 years or older, select healthy branches with a diameter of 0.5-0.7cm for cutting, retain 1-2 buds, cut the length of the cutting to 5-8cm, control the upper and lower cuts to be flat cuts, and the distance between the upper cut and the uppermost bud should be 0.3-0.5cm to obtain grafted branches.

[0030] (3) The grafted branches were pre-cooled at 2℃ for 20 min, and then fumigated at 30℃ for 1.5 h in an environment with a fumigant concentration of 0.8 g / L to obtain pre-treated grafted branches;

[0031] (4) Choose the time in the late spring when the temperature is 17-22℃ to graft. Vertically split the interface in the center of the rootstock section, pre-treat the lower end of the grafting branch into a wedge shape for grafting (the grafting of the branch from formaldehyde to grafting is completed within 12 hours). After grafting, use a special grafting film to wrap and fix it to complete the binding, and control the shading rate to 50%-70%. Example 2:

[0032] Soapberry grafting:

[0033] (1) Select two-year-old litchi seedlings as materials, cut off the upper new shoots and use them as rootstocks, control the diameter of the rootstocks to be 1-2cm, and retain the height of the rootstocks to be 8-15cm;

[0034] (2) Select Sapindus mukorossi plants with excellent shape that are 8 years or older, select healthy branches with a diameter of 0.5-0.7cm for cutting, retain 1-2 buds, cut the length of the cutting to 5-8cm, control the upper and lower cuts to be flat cuts, and the distance between the upper cut and the uppermost bud should be 0.3-0.5cm to obtain grafted branches.

[0035] (3) The grafted branches were pre-cooled at 4℃ for 30 min, and then fumigated at 35℃ for 1 h in an environment with a fumigant concentration of 1.0 g / L to obtain pre-treated grafted branches.

[0036] (4) Choose the time in the late spring when the temperature is 17-22℃ to graft. Vertically split the interface in the center of the rootstock section, pre-treat the lower end of the grafting branch into a wedge shape for grafting (the grafting of the branch from formaldehyde to grafting is completed within 12 hours). After grafting, use a special grafting film to wrap and fix it to complete the binding, and control the shading rate to 50%-70%.

[0037] Comparative Example 1:

[0038] Soapberry grafting:

[0039] (1) Select two-year-old litchi seedlings as materials, cut off the upper part of the new and slightly stubble as rootstock, control the diameter of the rootstock to be 1-2cm, and retain the height of the rootstock to be 8-15cm;

[0040] (2) Select Sapindus mukorossi plants with excellent shape that are 8 years or older, select healthy branches with a diameter of 0.5-0.7cm for cutting, retain 1-2 buds, cut the length of the cutting to 5-8cm, control the upper and lower cuts to be flat cuts, and the distance between the upper cut and the uppermost bud should be 0.3-0.5cm to obtain grafted branches.

[0041] (3) The grafted branches were placed directly in an environment with a fumigant concentration of 1.0 g / L and fumigated at 35°C for 1 hour to obtain pretreated grafted branches;

[0042] (4) Choose the time in the late spring when the temperature is 17-22℃ to graft. Vertically split the interface in the center of the rootstock section, cut the lower end of the pre-treated grafting branch into a wedge shape and perform cleft grafting (the grafting of the branch from formaldehyde to grafting is completed within 12 hours). After grafting, use a special grafting film to wrap and fix it to complete the binding, and control the shading rate to 50%-70%.

[0043] Comparative Example 2:

[0044] Soapberry grafting:

[0045] (1) Select two-year-old litchi seedlings as materials, cut off the upper new shoots and use them as rootstocks, control the diameter of the rootstocks to be 1-2cm, and retain the height of the rootstocks to be 8-15cm;

[0046] (2) Select Sapindus mukorossi plants with excellent shape that are 8 years or older, select healthy branches with a diameter of 0.5-0.7cm for cutting, retain 1-2 buds, cut the length of the cutting to 5-8cm, control the upper and lower cuts to be flat cuts, and the distance between the upper cut and the uppermost bud should be 0.3-0.5cm to obtain grafted branches.

[0047] (3) Choose the time in the late spring when the temperature is 17-22℃ to graft. Vertically split the interface in the center of the rootstock section, and cut the lower end of the grafting branch into a wedge shape for grafting (the grafting of the branch from formaldehyde to grafting is completed within 12 hours). After grafting, use a special grafting film to wrap and fix it to complete the binding, and control the shading rate to 50%-70%.

[0048] Comparative Example 3:

[0049] Soapberry grafting:

[0050] (1) Select two-year-old litchi seedlings as materials, cut off the upper new shoots and use them as rootstocks, control the diameter of the rootstocks to be 1-2cm, and retain the height of the rootstocks to be 8-15cm;

[0051] (2) Select Sapindus mukorossi plants with excellent shape that are 8 years or older, select healthy branches with a diameter of 0.5-0.7cm for cutting, retain 1-2 buds, cut the length of the cutting to 5-8cm, control the upper and lower cuts to be flat cuts, and the distance between the upper cut and the uppermost bud should be 0.3-0.5cm to obtain grafted branches.

[0052] (3) The grafted branches were pre-cooled at 4℃ for 30 minutes, and then soaked in the treatment agent for 10 seconds before being taken out (the treatment agent was prepared by dissolving the fumigant in ethanol and adding water, so that the fumigant concentration was 1.0 g / L). The pre-treated grafted branches were obtained.

[0053] (4) Choose the time in the late spring when the temperature is 17-22℃ to graft. Vertically split the interface in the center of the rootstock section, pre-treat the lower end of the grafting branch into a wedge shape for grafting (the grafting of the branch from formaldehyde to grafting is completed within 12 hours). After grafting, use a special grafting film to wrap and fix it to complete the binding, and control the shading rate to 50%-70%.

[0054] Comparative Example 4:

[0055] Soapberry grafting:

[0056] (1) Select two-year-old litchi seedlings as materials, cut off the upper new shoots and use them as rootstocks, control the diameter of the rootstocks to be 1-2cm, and retain the height of the rootstocks to be 8-15cm;

[0057] (2) Select Sapindus mukorossi plants with excellent shape that are 8 years or older, select healthy branches with a diameter of 0.5-0.7cm for cutting, retain 1-2 buds, cut the length of the cutting to 5-8cm, control the upper cut to be a flat cut, the upper cut to be 0.3-0.5cm away from the uppermost bud, and cut the lower cut into a wedge shape to obtain the grafting branch;

[0058] (3) The grafted branches were pre-cooled at 4℃ for 30 min, and then fumigated at 35℃ for 1 h in an environment with a fumigant concentration of 1.0 g / L to obtain pre-treated grafted branches.

[0059] (4) Choose the time in the late spring when the temperature is 17-22℃ to graft. Vertically split the interface in the center of the rootstock section, insert the wedge-shaped position of the lower end of the pretreated grafting branch into the interface for cleft grafting (the grafting of the branch from formaldehyde to grafting is completed within 12 hours). After grafting, use a special grafting film to wrap and fix it to complete the binding, and control the shading rate to 50%-70%.

[0060] Comparative Example 5:

[0061] The grafting methods described in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were used respectively. Grafting experiments were conducted on March 11, 2025, in a greenhouse at Southwest Forestry University, Panlong District, Kunming City. The temperature in the greenhouse was controlled between 17-22℃, and the entire greenhouse was equipped with shade netting, controlling the shading rate at 60%. Eight experimental groups were set up, with 100 grafted branches grafted into each group (after grafting, as shown...). Figure 1 (As shown), please refer to Table 1 below for details:

[0062] Table 1

[0063]

[0064] 1. The survival rate of grafted seedlings in each group was tested at 15 days, 30 days, and 60 days after grafting. The specific results are shown in Table 2 below:

[0065] Table 2

[0066]

[0067] As shown in the table above, early pre-cooling combined with subsequent fumigation with citronellol and 1,8-eucalyptol can effectively improve the subsequent grafting survival rate. In addition, the experimental group of 8 pairs of grafting branches were cut into wedge shapes before pre-cooling and fumigation treatment, which was more likely to cause early grafting seedling death compared with conventional operation.

[0068] 2. The height of the grafted seedlings in each group was counted at 15 days, 45 days, and 75 days after grafting (5 surviving grafted seedlings were randomly selected from each group, and the height was measured from above the rootstock, and the average value was calculated). The specific results are shown in Table 3 below:

[0069] Table 3

[0070]

[0071] The specific growth conditions of the grafted seedlings in experimental group 1 at 15 days, 45 days, and 75 days are as follows: Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown in the table above, early pre-cooling combined with subsequent fumigation with citronellol and 1,8-eucalyptol can effectively promote the growth of grafted seedlings.

[0072] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for promoting the survival of a sapindus graft, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: S1, selection and treatment of stock: select 2-year-old seedlings of litchi as materials, cut off the upper new shoots as stock; S2, selection of grafted branches: cut off the healthy branches of sapindus plants, reserve 1-2 bud eyes, cut off the branches with a length of 5-8 cm, and control the upper and lower ends to be flat cut, to obtain grafted branches; S3, preparation of fumigant: mix citronellol and 1,8-cineole according to a mass ratio of 2:1 to obtain a fumigant; S4, pretreatment of grafted branches: place the grafted branches in a 2-4℃ temperature environment for precooling treatment for 20-30 min, then place them in an environment with a fumigant concentration of 0.8-1.0 g / L at a temperature of 30-35℃ for fumigation treatment for 1-1.5 h, to obtain pretreated grafted branches; S5, grafting treatment: graft the lower end of the pretreated grafted branches to the stock, then bind the joint, and complete grafting.

2. The method for promoting the survival of sapindus grafting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S1, the diameter of the stock is 1-2 cm, and the height of the stock reserved is 8-15 cm.

3. The method for promoting the survival of sapindus grafting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S2, the diameter of the grafted branches is 0.5-0.7 cm.

4. The method for promoting the survival of the sapindus graft according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S2, the sapindus plant is an 8-year-old or older sapindus plant.

5. The method for promoting the survival of the sapindus graft according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S5, the time from cutting to grafting of the grafted branches is controlled to be within 12 h, and the grafting is performed in the evening.

6. The method for promoting the survival of the sapindus graft according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S5, the grafting method is wedge grafting, that is, the central part of the cutting surface of the stock is vertically split to form a joint, and the lower end of the pretreated grafted branches is cut into a wedge shape during grafting.

7. The method for promoting the survival of the sapindus graft according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S5, the grafting is performed in spring, and the temperature during grafting is controlled to be 17-22℃.

8. The method for promoting the survival of the sapindus graft according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S5, special grafting film is used for wrapping and fixing to complete the binding.

9. The method for promoting the survival of the sapindus graft according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the grafting in the step S5 is completed, the overall shading rate is controlled to be 50%-70%.

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