Testing System and Method for Daylight Performance of Low-Energy Green Buildings

Abstract

This invention specifically relates to a system and method for testing the daylighting performance of low-energy, green, and energy-saving buildings, falling within the field of building daylighting testing technology. It includes: a daylighting data collection module; a data analysis module: sequentially analyzing natural daylighting data, glare-related data, and heat gain / loss-related data to obtain a daylight loss coefficient, glare coefficient, and temperature regulation load coefficient; a comprehensive processing module; and a daylighting performance evaluation module. In this invention, the cross-dimensional integration of natural daylighting data, glare data, and heat gain / loss data constructs a multi-index evaluation system; the daylight loss coefficient uses "regional light anisotropy" to pinpoint the specific location of uneven daylighting and combines it with "span value" to quantify the spatial distribution range of defects; the glare coefficient can quickly locate the distribution dispersion of high-risk areas; and the temperature regulation load coefficient quantifies the dynamic impact of daylighting on building energy consumption by analyzing the coupling relationship between air conditioning load and daylighting under winter and summer operating conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building daylighting testing technology, and in particular to a system and method for testing the daylighting performance of low-energy green buildings. Background Technology

[0002] Natural lighting, as a key element in low-energy building design, can not only effectively reduce the duration and energy consumption of artificial lighting, but also improve the comfort of the indoor environment and the health of users, which is of great significance for achieving the dual goals of building energy conservation and environmental friendliness.

[0003] In the traditional field of building daylighting assessment, a single indicator is mainly relied upon to evaluate daylighting performance, the most commonly used of which is the natural daylight factor. This indicator measures whether indoor daylighting meets the standard by calculating the ratio of the natural illuminance at a certain point indoors to the natural illuminance on an unobstructed horizontal plane outdoors at the same moment.

[0004] However, this single-indicator evaluation method has significant limitations. On the one hand, it does not fully consider the uniformity of indoor lighting, which may result in some areas having excessively strong or insufficient lighting, leading to visual fatigue for users. On the other hand, focusing solely on the daylight factor may ignore the complex relationship between daylight and building energy consumption. For example, excessive daylight may introduce too much solar radiation heat gain in summer, thereby increasing the air conditioning cooling load, which contradicts the original intention of low energy consumption design.

[0005] Furthermore, current technologies have significant shortcomings in the synergistic assessment of building daylighting and energy consumption. Daylighting is closely related to a building's heat gain and loss; reasonable daylighting design in winter can utilize solar radiation for heat gain, reducing heating energy consumption; while excessive daylighting in summer may increase cooling load. However, existing assessment methods rarely take into account the dynamic impact of daylighting on a building's annual energy consumption, lacking a systematic analysis of the relationship between daylighting and energy consumption under summer shading and winter unshading conditions, making it difficult for buildings to achieve truly low energy consumption targets in actual operation.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a detection system and method that can integrate multi-dimensional data, achieve refined spatial analysis, and comprehensively consider the relationship between daylighting and energy consumption, so as to promote the high-quality development of low-energy green and energy-saving buildings. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a system and method for testing the daylighting performance of low-energy green buildings in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] A daylighting performance testing system for low-energy, green, and energy-efficient buildings includes:

[0010] Lighting data collection module: Acquires lighting-related data of the building, including natural lighting data, glare-related data, and heat gain / loss-related data;

[0011] Data analysis module: After analyzing natural lighting data, glare-related data and heat gain / loss-related data in sequence, the lighting loss coefficient, glare coefficient and temperature regulation load coefficient are obtained;

[0012] Integrated processing module: After comprehensively analyzing the daylight loss coefficient, glare coefficient, and temperature regulation load coefficient, a daylight evaluation coefficient is obtained;

[0013] Lighting performance assessment module: Classifies the lighting performance of buildings based on the lighting assessment coefficient.

[0014] Preferably, the light-collecting data collection module specifically includes:

[0015] Natural lighting data: Acquire indoor natural light intensity and outdoor unobstructed horizontal illuminance at the same time; as well as the natural light intensity in various areas of the room;

[0016] Glare-related data: Brightness at various locations indoors is obtained using a luminance meter;

[0017] Heat gain / loss related data: Data on indoor temperature regulation by air conditioning was obtained under conditions of shading in summer and without shading in winter.

[0018] Preferably, the process of obtaining the light loss coefficient includes:

[0019] The indoor floor is divided into areas with a preset area to obtain various lighting areas; the natural illuminance of each lighting area and the natural illuminance of the unobstructed horizontal surface outdoors at the same time are obtained in sequence.

[0020] The illuminance ratio is obtained by calculating the average natural illuminance of each lighting area and dividing it by the natural illuminance on the unobstructed horizontal surface outdoors. A threshold for the illuminance ratio is preset, and the difference between the illuminance ratio and the threshold is calculated to obtain the illuminance ratio deviation value.

[0021] The permissible range of natural illuminance for the preset indoor lighting area is then used to calculate the difference between the natural illuminance of each lighting area and the permissible range.

[0022] This includes the following two cases:

[0023] When the natural illuminance of the lighting area is greater than the maximum allowable range of natural illuminance in the lighting area, the maximum allowable range of natural illuminance in the lighting area is subtracted from the natural illuminance of the lighting area to obtain the illuminance deviation value.

[0024] When the natural illuminance of the lighting area is less than the minimum allowable range of natural illuminance in the lighting area, the minimum allowable range of natural illuminance in the lighting area is subtracted from the natural illuminance of the lighting area, and the absolute value is taken to obtain the illuminance deviation value.

[0025] The illuminance deviation values ​​for each lighting area were obtained sequentially.

[0026] Obtain the area illuminated by natural light and the area not illuminated by natural light in each lighting area;

[0027] The shadow ratio is obtained by dividing the area of ​​the lighting area that is not illuminated by natural light by the area illuminated by natural light; the shadow ratio of the lighting area is multiplied by the corresponding illuminance deviation value to obtain the area light anomaly value.

[0028] The light anomaly values ​​of each region are obtained sequentially, and then sorted in descending order according to the magnitude of the light anomaly values. The two largest light anomaly values ​​and their corresponding lighting area locations are extracted, and the two lighting areas are marked as marked regions.

[0029] Find the center of the two marked regions and connect the two centers with a straight line to obtain the span value;

[0030] The daylight loss coefficient is obtained by weighting the comparison deviation value and the span value.

[0031] Preferably, the process of obtaining the glare coefficient includes:

[0032] For the target space, evaluation points are set up at preset locations to simulate the field of vision of the human eye in a normal sitting or standing posture.

[0033] Preset the primary gaze direction of the human eye;

[0034] Use a luminance meter to obtain the following data:

[0035] Brightness distribution of glare sources;

[0036] Indoor background brightness: the average brightness of the background surface in an indoor environment, excluding glare sources;

[0037] The human eye adapts to brightness;

[0038] The following data also needs to be obtained:

[0039] Glare solid angle: The solid angle formed by a glare source on the human eye, measured in steradian degrees, reflecting the visual angle subtended by the size and distance of the light source; the calculation formula is... ;

[0040] in It is the projected area of ​​the glare source in the direction perpendicular to the line of sight;

[0041] This refers to the distance from the human eye to the center of the glare source;

[0042] The acquisition process includes:

[0043] Measure the actual size of the glare source and calculate its area. ;

[0044] If there is a non-perpendicular angle between the light source and the line of sight, the projected area needs to be corrected. ;

[0045] The angle between the plane of the light source and the direction of the line of sight;

[0046] Using the typical observer position as a reference, measure the straight-line distance from the human eye to the center of the light source. ;

[0047] Substitute the obtained data into the formula: ;

[0048] Obtain single-point glare value ;

[0049] in:

[0050] Background brightness;

[0051] The brightness of the glare source;

[0052] : Solid angle of glare source;

[0053] Location index;

[0054] The single-point glare value at each preset location is obtained sequentially, and a single-point glare threshold is preset; the difference between the single-point glare value at each preset location and the single-point glare threshold is calculated to obtain the glare difference.

[0055] The preset allowable range of glare difference is used to match the glare difference with the allowable range, and glare difference values ​​that are not within the allowable range are marked as glare difference values.

[0056] Arrange the glare anomaly values ​​in descending order of their numerical values, extract the three largest glare anomaly values, and use the positions corresponding to the three glare anomaly values ​​as endpoints. Connect the three endpoints with straight lines to form a triangle model, calculate the area of ​​the triangle model, and record it as the glare coefficient.

[0057] Preferably, the process of obtaining the temperature regulation load coefficient includes:

[0058] Temperature sensors are installed at predetermined locations in each lighting area to collect the air conditioning outlet temperature of each lighting area.

[0059] Obtain the command temperature corresponding to the command received by the air conditioner, and the air outlet temperature corresponding to the command temperature, and mark the air outlet temperature as the air outlet reference temperature.

[0060] After the air conditioner has been running for a preset period of time, the location temperature of each lighting area is obtained, and the difference between the temperature of each lighting area and the outlet reference temperature is calculated to obtain the outlet temperature difference.

[0061] The allowable range of outlet air temperature difference is preset. The outlet air temperature difference of each lighting area is compared with the allowable range of outlet air temperature difference. The outlet air temperature difference that is not within the allowable range of outlet air temperature difference is recorded as the measured temperature of the different area.

[0062] The percentage of abnormal temperatures is obtained by dividing the total number of measured abnormal temperatures by the number of lighting areas.

[0063] Obtain the start and end times corresponding to each measured temperature in different regions and mark them on the time axis to obtain the overlapping time period with the most measured temperature in different regions, and record this time period as the duration of the anomaly.

[0064] Determine the locations of the two regions with the largest light anomalies and their corresponding temperatures, and mark these temperatures as comparison temperatures; calculate the difference between the two comparison temperatures and the air conditioner's command temperature to obtain the temperature deviation value;

[0065] A preset temperature deviation threshold is used to calculate the difference between the temperature deviation value and the temperature deviation threshold, thus obtaining the commanded temperature difference value.

[0066] The single-regulation load coefficient is obtained by comprehensively analyzing the abnormality ratio, the duration of the abnormality, and the commanded temperature difference.

[0067] The single-adjustment load coefficients under summer shading and winter unshading conditions are obtained sequentially, and the average value is calculated to obtain the temperature regulation load coefficient.

[0068] Preferably, the process of obtaining the daylight evaluation coefficient by comprehensively analyzing the daylight loss coefficient, glare coefficient, and temperature regulation load coefficient is as follows:

[0069] After normalizing the daylight loss coefficient, glare coefficient, and temperature regulation load coefficient, the average value of the daylight loss coefficient and glare coefficient is used as the radius of the circle to construct a circular model.

[0070] Using the temperature regulation load coefficient as the height of the circular model, a conical model is established, and the volume of the conical model is calculated and used as the daylighting evaluation coefficient.

[0071] Preferably, the three preset threshold ranges are each corresponding to a lighting performance level. The lighting evaluation coefficient is matched with the three threshold ranges to obtain the lighting performance level corresponding to the lighting evaluation coefficient. The lighting performance level includes level one, level two, and level three.

[0072] Preferably, the method for testing the daylighting performance of the low-energy green building includes:

[0073] Daylighting data collection: Acquire data related to the building's daylighting, including natural daylighting data, glare data, and heat gain / loss data.

[0074] Data analysis: After analyzing the natural lighting data, glare-related data, and heat gain / loss-related data in sequence, the lighting loss coefficient, glare coefficient, and temperature regulation load coefficient were obtained.

[0075] Comprehensive processing: The daylighting evaluation coefficient is obtained by comprehensively analyzing the daylight loss coefficient, glare coefficient and temperature regulation load coefficient; and the daylighting performance level of the building is determined based on the daylighting evaluation coefficient.

[0076] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0077] 1. This invention constructs a multi-index evaluation system by integrating natural lighting data, glare data, and heat gain / loss data across dimensions; the daylight loss coefficient uses "regional light anisotropy" to pinpoint the specific location of uneven daylighting and combines "span value" to quantify the spatial distribution range of defects; the glare coefficient can quickly locate the distribution dispersion of high-risk areas; the temperature regulation load coefficient quantifies the dynamic impact of daylighting on building energy consumption by analyzing the coupling relationship between air conditioning load and daylighting under winter and summer operating conditions.

[0078] 2. This invention, through geometric modeling and seasonal dynamic analysis, transforms abstract physical parameters into quantifiable and comparable geometric indicators, significantly enhancing the intuitiveness of the evaluation results and their design guidance value. Furthermore, the system's differentiated analysis of winter and summer operating conditions (such as calculating temperature regulation loads under shading and non-shading conditions) can accurately reveal the energy efficiency performance of daylighting design in different seasons, thereby indirectly evaluating daylighting performance and making the assessment of building daylighting performance more comprehensive. Attached Figure Description

[0079] Further details, features, and advantages of this application are disclosed in the following description of exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0080] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0081] Several embodiments of this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings to enable those skilled in the art to implement this application. This application may be embodied in many different forms and for various purposes and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. These embodiments are provided to make this application thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of this application to those skilled in the art. The embodiments described do not limit this application.

[0082] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) shall have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. It will be further understood that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries shall be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the relevant field and / or the context of this specification, and shall not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly defined herein.

[0083] Please see Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0084] A daylighting performance testing system for low-energy, green, and energy-efficient buildings includes:

[0085] Lighting data collection module: Acquires lighting-related data of the building, including natural lighting data, glare-related data, and heat gain / loss-related data;

[0086] Specifically, it includes:

[0087] Natural lighting data: Acquire indoor natural light intensity and outdoor unobstructed horizontal illuminance at the same time; as well as the natural light intensity in various areas of the room;

[0088] Glare-related data: Brightness at various locations indoors is obtained using a luminance meter;

[0089] Heat gain / loss related data: Data on indoor temperature regulation by air conditioning was obtained under conditions of shading in summer and without shading in winter.

[0090] Data analysis module: After analyzing natural lighting data, glare-related data and heat gain / loss-related data in sequence, the lighting loss coefficient, glare coefficient and temperature regulation load coefficient are obtained;

[0091] The process of obtaining the daylight loss coefficient includes:

[0092] The indoor floor is divided into areas with a preset area to obtain various lighting areas; the natural illuminance of each lighting area and the natural illuminance of the unobstructed horizontal surface outdoors at the same time are obtained in sequence.

[0093] Subdividing the interior space into smaller areas (such as a grid) avoids masking local lighting deficiencies using an overall averaging approach, enabling more refined space assessment. Preset areas can be based on building function (such as office areas, corridors) or a standard grid (such as... )Sure;

[0094] The illuminance ratio is obtained by calculating the average natural illuminance of each lighting area and dividing it by the natural illuminance on the unobstructed horizontal surface outdoors. A threshold for the illuminance ratio is preset, and the difference between the illuminance ratio and the threshold is calculated to obtain the illuminance ratio deviation value.

[0095] The ratio of indoor natural illuminance to the natural illuminance on an unobstructed horizontal surface outdoors at the same time is the core indicator for measuring whether indoor lighting meets the standards.

[0096] The permissible range of natural illuminance for the preset indoor lighting area is then used to calculate the difference between the natural illuminance of each lighting area and the permissible range.

[0097] This includes the following two cases:

[0098] When the natural illuminance of the lighting area is greater than the maximum allowable range of natural illuminance in the lighting area, the maximum allowable range of natural illuminance in the lighting area is subtracted from the natural illuminance of the lighting area to obtain the illuminance deviation value.

[0099] When the natural illuminance of the lighting area is less than the minimum allowable range of natural illuminance in the lighting area, the minimum allowable range of natural illuminance in the lighting area is subtracted from the natural illuminance of the lighting area, and the absolute value is taken to obtain the illuminance deviation value.

[0100] The illuminance deviation values ​​for each lighting area were obtained sequentially.

[0101] Obtain the area illuminated by natural light and the area not illuminated by natural light in each lighting area;

[0102] The shadow ratio is obtained by dividing the area of ​​the lighting area that is not illuminated by natural light by the area illuminated by natural light; the shadow ratio of the lighting area is multiplied by the corresponding illuminance deviation value to obtain the area light anomaly value.

[0103] By calculating and sorting regional light anomalies, the areas with the most prominent lighting problems can be quickly identified, avoiding the general judgment of the overall situation by traditional assessment methods and achieving precise location of weak points in lighting.

[0104] The light anomaly values ​​of each region are obtained sequentially, and then sorted in descending order according to the magnitude of the light anomaly values. The two largest light anomaly values ​​and their corresponding lighting area locations are extracted, and the two lighting areas are marked as marked regions.

[0105] Find the center of the two marked regions and connect the two centers with a straight line to obtain the span value;

[0106] The daylight loss coefficient is obtained by weighting the comparison deviation value and the span value.

[0107] The weighting factors for the comparison deviation value and the span value are preset. The comparison deviation value and the span value are multiplied by their corresponding weighting factors respectively, and then the sum is obtained to obtain the daylight loss coefficient.

[0108] The daylight loss coefficient is a comprehensive quantitative indicator. Essentially, it reveals potential problems with indoor natural lighting through the coupled analysis of "overall efficiency deviation" and "local non-uniformity range." The smaller the value, the more efficient and balanced the lighting system is; the larger the value, the more necessary it is to improve both "overall illuminance" and "optimize spatial light distribution." This indicator provides a scientific basis for the design, evaluation, and renovation of building lighting, and is especially suitable for scenarios with high requirements for lighting quality (such as educational, medical, and office buildings).

[0109] The process of obtaining the glare coefficient includes:

[0110] For target spaces (such as offices and classrooms), assessment points are set up in preset locations (such as in front of desks or in the front row of classrooms) to simulate the field of vision of the human eye in a normal sitting or standing posture.

[0111] Preset the main direction of human eye gaze (such as an office seat facing a window) or high-risk areas (such as a seat near a large glass curtain wall).

[0112] Use a luminance meter or high dynamic range imaging (HDRI) technology to acquire the following data:

[0113] Brightness distribution of glare sources (windows, skylights);

[0114] Indoor background brightness refers to the average brightness of background surfaces (walls, floors, ceilings, etc.) in an indoor environment, excluding glare sources (such as windows and lamps).

[0115] The human eye adapts to brightness;

[0116] The following data also needs to be obtained:

[0117] Glare solid angle: The solid angle formed by a glare source on the human eye, measured in steradian degrees (sr), reflecting the visual angle subtended by the size and distance of the light source; the calculation formula is... ;

[0118] in It is the projected area of ​​the glare source in the direction perpendicular to the line of sight;

[0119] This refers to the distance from the human eye to the center of the glare source;

[0120] The acquisition process includes:

[0121] Measure the actual dimensions of the glare source (such as the width and height of a window) and calculate its area. ;

[0122] If there is a non-perpendicular angle between the light source and the line of sight, the projected area needs to be corrected. ;

[0123] The angle between the plane of the light source and the direction of the line of sight;

[0124] Using the typical observer position as a reference (such as the standard sitting position at an office desk and chair), measure the straight-line distance from the human eye to the center of the light source. ;

[0125] Substitute the obtained data into the formula: ;

[0126] Obtain single-point glare value ;

[0127] in:

[0128] Background brightness (average brightness of indoor walls, floors, and other non-glare light sources) );

[0129] The brightness of glare sources (such as windows and lamps) );

[0130] : Solid angle of glare source;

[0131] Position index (reflects the position of the glare source in the field of vision; when it is directly in front of the line of sight) (Minimum, maximum glare impact).

[0132] The single-point glare value at each preset location is obtained sequentially, and a single-point glare threshold is preset; the difference between the single-point glare value at each preset location and the single-point glare threshold is calculated to obtain the glare difference.

[0133] The preset allowable range of glare difference is used to match the glare difference with the allowable range, and glare difference values ​​that are not within the allowable range are marked as glare difference values.

[0134] Arrange the glare anomaly values ​​in descending order of their numerical values, extract the three largest glare anomaly values, and use the positions corresponding to the three glare anomaly values ​​as endpoints. Connect the three endpoints with straight lines to form a triangle model, calculate the area of ​​the triangle model, and record it as the glare coefficient.

[0135] The glare coefficient serves to intuitively reflect the spatial coverage and dispersion of high glare risk areas, assist in assessing the complexity and uniformity of glare distribution, and provide geometric quantitative basis for accurately locating glare hotspots and formulating targeted optimization strategies (such as adjusting shading layout, optimizing light source positions or spatial functional zoning), thereby improving the comfort and design rationality of the indoor visual environment, and providing a foundation for subsequent lighting performance assessment.

[0136] The process of obtaining the temperature regulation load factor includes:

[0137] Temperature sensors are installed at predetermined locations in each lighting area to collect the air conditioning outlet temperature of each lighting area.

[0138] Obtain the command temperature corresponding to the command received by the air conditioner, and the air outlet temperature corresponding to the command temperature, and mark the air outlet temperature as the air outlet reference temperature.

[0139] After the air conditioner has been running for a preset period of time, the location temperature of each lighting area is obtained, and the difference between the temperature of each lighting area and the outlet reference temperature is calculated to obtain the outlet temperature difference.

[0140] The allowable range of outlet air temperature difference is preset. The outlet air temperature difference of each lighting area is compared with the allowable range of outlet air temperature difference. The outlet air temperature difference that is not within the allowable range of outlet air temperature difference is recorded as the measured temperature of the different area.

[0141] The percentage of abnormal temperatures is obtained by dividing the total number of measured abnormal temperatures by the number of lighting areas.

[0142] The anomaly ratio is a core indicator for measuring the uniformity of temperature distribution in different lighting areas and the temperature control accuracy of the air conditioning system.

[0143] If the abnormal ratio is high (i.e., the temperature difference between the air outlets of multiple lighting areas exceeds the allowable range), it indicates that:

[0144] The actual temperature in each area deviates significantly from the reference temperature set by the air conditioner. This may be due to unreasonable airflow organization of the air conditioner (such as differences in duct resistance or improper air outlet layout) or differences in the characteristics of the lighting area (such as uneven solar radiation caused by orientation or shading conditions).

[0145] Obtain the start and end times corresponding to each measured temperature in different regions and mark them on the time axis to obtain the overlapping time period with the most measured temperature in different regions, and record this time period as the duration of the anomaly.

[0146] Determine the locations of the two regions with the largest light anomalies and their corresponding temperatures, and mark these temperatures as comparison temperatures; calculate the difference between the two comparison temperatures and the air conditioner's command temperature to obtain the temperature deviation value;

[0147] A preset temperature deviation threshold is used to calculate the difference between the temperature deviation value and the temperature deviation threshold, thus obtaining the commanded temperature difference value.

[0148] The single-regulation load coefficient is obtained by comprehensively analyzing the abnormality ratio, the duration of the abnormality, and the commanded temperature difference.

[0149] The abnormality rate, abnormal duration, and commanded temperature difference value are respectively labeled as follows: , , Substitute into the formula: ;

[0150] Obtain the single-adjustment load factor ;

[0151] in , These are the maximum permissible duration of abnormality and the reference value for the commanded temperature difference, respectively.

[0152] , , These are the weighting factors corresponding to the abnormality rate, the duration of the abnormality, and the command temperature difference, respectively.

[0153] The single-adjustment load coefficients under summer shading and winter unshading conditions are obtained sequentially, and the average value is calculated to obtain the temperature regulation load coefficient.

[0154] Integrated processing module: After comprehensively analyzing the daylight loss coefficient, glare coefficient, and temperature regulation load coefficient, a daylight evaluation coefficient is obtained;

[0155] The specific process is as follows:

[0156] After normalizing the daylight loss coefficient, glare coefficient, and temperature regulation load coefficient, the average value of the daylight loss coefficient and glare coefficient is used as the radius of the circle to construct a circular model.

[0157] Using the temperature regulation load coefficient as the height of the circular model, a conical model is established, and the volume of the conical model is calculated and used as the daylighting evaluation coefficient.

[0158] Daylight performance assessment module: Classifies the daylight performance of buildings based on daylight assessment coefficients;

[0159] Three threshold ranges are preset, and each threshold range corresponds to a lighting performance level. The lighting evaluation coefficient is matched with the three threshold ranges to obtain the lighting performance level corresponding to the lighting evaluation coefficient. The lighting performance level includes Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3. The lighting performance is directly proportional to the level, that is, the better the lighting performance, the higher the lighting performance level.

[0160] Methods for testing the daylighting performance of low-energy, green, and energy-efficient buildings include:

[0161] Daylighting data collection: Acquire data related to the building's daylighting, including natural daylighting data, glare data, and heat gain / loss data.

[0162] Data analysis: After analyzing the natural lighting data, glare-related data, and heat gain / loss-related data in sequence, the lighting loss coefficient, glare coefficient, and temperature regulation load coefficient were obtained.

[0163] Comprehensive processing: The daylighting evaluation coefficient is obtained by comprehensively analyzing the daylight loss coefficient, glare coefficient and temperature regulation load coefficient; and the daylighting performance level of the building is determined based on the daylighting evaluation coefficient.

[0164] The above formulas are derived from software simulations using a large amount of data and are selected to be close to the actual values. The influence weight factors and specific coefficient values ​​in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art based on the actual situation and can be adjusted and modified in the future.

[0165] The above description of the embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A daylighting performance testing system for low-energy green buildings, characterized in that, include: Daylighting data collection module: Acquires data related to the building's daylighting; This includes data on natural lighting, glare, and heat gain / loss, specifically: Natural lighting data: Acquire indoor natural light intensity and outdoor unobstructed horizontal illuminance at the same time; as well as the natural light intensity in various areas of the room; Glare-related data: Brightness at various locations indoors is obtained using a luminance meter; Heat gain / loss related data: Data on indoor temperature regulation by air conditioning was obtained under conditions of shading in summer and without shading in winter. Data analysis module: After analyzing natural lighting data, glare-related data and heat gain / loss-related data in sequence, the lighting loss coefficient, glare coefficient and temperature regulation load coefficient are obtained; The process of obtaining the daylight loss coefficient includes: The indoor floor is divided into areas with a preset area to obtain various lighting areas; the natural illuminance of each lighting area and the natural illuminance of the unobstructed horizontal surface outdoors at the same time are obtained in sequence. The illuminance ratio is obtained by calculating the average natural illuminance of each lighting area and dividing it by the natural illuminance on the unobstructed horizontal surface outdoors. A threshold for the illuminance ratio is preset, and the difference between the illuminance ratio and the threshold is calculated to obtain the illuminance ratio deviation value. The permissible range of natural illuminance for the preset indoor lighting area is then used to calculate the difference between the natural illuminance of each lighting area and the permissible range. This includes the following two cases: When the natural illuminance of the lighting area is greater than the maximum allowable range of natural illuminance in the lighting area, the maximum allowable range of natural illuminance in the lighting area is subtracted from the natural illuminance of the lighting area to obtain the illuminance deviation value. When the natural illuminance of the lighting area is less than the minimum allowable range of natural illuminance in the lighting area, the minimum allowable range of natural illuminance in the lighting area is subtracted from the natural illuminance of the lighting area, and the absolute value is taken to obtain the illuminance deviation value. The illuminance deviation values ​​for each lighting area were obtained sequentially. Obtain the area illuminated by natural light and the area not illuminated by natural light in each lighting area; The shadow ratio is obtained by dividing the area of ​​the lighting area that is not illuminated by natural light by the area illuminated by natural light; the shadow ratio of the lighting area is multiplied by the corresponding illuminance deviation value to obtain the area light anomaly value. The light anomaly values ​​of each region are obtained sequentially, and then sorted in descending order according to the magnitude of the light anomaly values. The two largest light anomaly values ​​and their corresponding lighting area locations are extracted, and the two lighting areas are marked as marked regions. Find the center of the two marked regions and connect the two centers with a straight line to obtain the span value; The daylight loss coefficient is obtained by weighting the comparison deviation value and the span value. Integrated processing module: After comprehensively analyzing the daylight loss coefficient, glare coefficient, and temperature regulation load coefficient, a daylight evaluation coefficient is obtained; Lighting performance assessment module: Classifies the lighting performance of buildings based on the lighting assessment coefficient.

2. The daylighting performance testing system for low-energy green buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the glare coefficient includes: For the target space, evaluation points are set up at preset locations to simulate the field of vision of the human eye in a normal sitting or standing posture. Preset the primary gaze direction of the human eye; Use a luminance meter to obtain the following data: Brightness distribution of glare sources; Indoor background brightness: the average brightness of the background surface in an indoor environment, excluding glare sources; The human eye adapts to brightness; Substitute the obtained data into the formula: ; Obtain single-point glare value ; in: Background brightness; The brightness of the glare source; : Solid angle of glare source; Location index.

3. The daylighting performance testing system for low-energy green buildings according to claim 2, characterized in that, The following data also needs to be obtained: Glare solid angle: The solid angle formed by a glare source on the human eye, measured in steradian degrees, which reflects the visual angle subtended by the size and distance of the light source. The calculation formula is ; in It is the projected area of ​​the glare source in the direction perpendicular to the line of sight; This refers to the distance from the human eye to the center of the glare source; The acquisition process includes: Measure the actual size of the glare source and calculate its area. ; If there is a non-perpendicular angle between the light source and the line of sight, the projected area needs to be corrected. ; The angle between the plane of the light source and the direction of the line of sight; Using the typical observer position as a reference, measure the straight-line distance from the human eye to the center of the light source. .

4. The daylighting performance testing system for low-energy green buildings according to claim 3, characterized in that, The single-point glare value at each preset location is obtained sequentially, and the single-point glare threshold is preset. The glare value at each preset location is then compared with the glare threshold at each preset location to obtain the glare difference. The preset allowable range of glare difference is used to match the glare difference with the allowable range, and glare difference values ​​that are not within the allowable range are marked as glare difference values. Arrange the glare anomaly values ​​in descending order of their numerical values, extract the three largest glare anomaly values, and use the positions corresponding to the three glare anomaly values ​​as endpoints. Connect the three endpoints with straight lines to form a triangle model, calculate the area of ​​the triangle model, and record it as the glare coefficient.

5. The daylighting performance testing system for low-energy green buildings according to claim 4, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the temperature regulation load factor includes: Temperature sensors are installed at predetermined locations in each lighting area to collect the air conditioning outlet temperature of each lighting area. Obtain the command temperature corresponding to the command received by the air conditioner, and the air outlet temperature corresponding to the command temperature, and mark the air outlet temperature as the air outlet reference temperature. After the air conditioner has been running for a preset period of time, the location temperature of each lighting area is obtained, and the difference between the temperature of each lighting area and the outlet reference temperature is calculated to obtain the outlet temperature difference. The allowable range of outlet air temperature difference is preset. The outlet air temperature difference of each lighting area is compared with the allowable range of outlet air temperature difference. The outlet air temperature difference that is not within the allowable range of outlet air temperature difference is recorded as the measured temperature of the different area. The percentage of abnormal temperatures is obtained by dividing the total number of measured abnormal temperatures by the number of lighting areas. Obtain the start and end times corresponding to each measured temperature in different regions and mark them on the time axis to obtain the overlapping time period with the most measured temperature in different regions, and record this time period as the duration of the anomaly. Determine the locations of the two regions with the largest light anomalies and their corresponding temperatures, and mark these temperatures as comparison temperatures; calculate the difference between the two comparison temperatures and the air conditioner's command temperature to obtain the temperature deviation value; A preset temperature deviation threshold is used to calculate the difference between the temperature deviation value and the temperature deviation threshold, thus obtaining the commanded temperature difference value. The single-regulation load coefficient is obtained by comprehensively analyzing the abnormality ratio, the duration of the abnormality, and the commanded temperature difference. The single-adjustment load coefficients under summer shading and winter unshading conditions are obtained sequentially, and the average value is calculated to obtain the temperature regulation load coefficient.

6. The daylighting performance testing system for low-energy green buildings according to claim 5, characterized in that, The daylight assessment coefficient is obtained by comprehensively analyzing the daylight loss coefficient, glare coefficient, and temperature regulation load coefficient. The specific process is as follows: After normalizing the daylight loss coefficient, glare coefficient, and temperature regulation load coefficient, the average value of the daylight loss coefficient and glare coefficient is used as the radius of the circle to construct a circular model. Using the temperature regulation load coefficient as the height of the circular model, a conical model is established, and the volume of the conical model is calculated and used as the daylighting evaluation coefficient.

7. The daylighting performance testing system for low-energy green buildings according to claim 6, characterized in that, Three threshold ranges are preset, and each threshold range corresponds to a lighting performance level. The lighting evaluation coefficient is matched with the three threshold ranges to obtain the lighting performance level corresponding to the lighting evaluation coefficient. The lighting performance levels include Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3.

8. A method for testing the daylighting performance of low-energy green energy-saving buildings, comprising the daylighting performance testing system for low-energy green energy-saving buildings according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, include: Daylighting data collection: Obtaining data related to the daylighting of the building; This includes data on natural lighting, glare, and heat gain / loss. Data analysis: After analyzing the natural lighting data, glare-related data, and heat gain / loss-related data in sequence, the lighting loss coefficient, glare coefficient, and temperature regulation load coefficient were obtained. Comprehensive processing: The daylighting evaluation coefficient is obtained by comprehensively analyzing the daylight loss coefficient, glare coefficient and temperature regulation load coefficient; and the daylighting performance level of the building is determined based on the daylighting evaluation coefficient, which includes level one, level two and level three.

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