A meteorological data acquisition device for meteorological observation and an acquisition method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a meteorological data acquisition device for meteorological observation and an acquisition method thereof, and relates to the technical field of meteorology. The device comprises a mounting column, a communication box mounted on the mounting column, a composite meteorological monitoring mechanism and a tipping bucket rain gauge. The device is designed with a floating liquid level sensor, the capacity of the tipping bucket is expanded, and the water capacity of the tipping bucket during overturning is controlled through an electromagnet. The magnetic force level of the electromagnet is automatically adjusted according to the height threshold of the liquid level sensor, and corresponding downcomers are arranged in the collecting funnel according to different liquid level thresholds, so that the collecting funnel and the tipping bucket can adaptively adjust the unit flow according to the current rain intensity, thereby improving the measurement range of the whole device, and avoiding the accumulation of splashing errors during the overturning of the tipping bucket and the counting bucket due to the high frequency of overturning caused by excessive rain intensity, which can cause excessive error influence on the final measurement result.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of meteorological technology, and in particular to a meteorological data acquisition device and method for meteorological observation. Background Technology

[0002] Meteorological observation, as a natural environment monitoring technology, is widely used in agriculture, scientific research, aquaculture, and people's daily lives. By setting up "meteorological monitoring stations" in target areas, the temperature, humidity, light, air pressure, wind force, wind direction, and precipitation in the target area are monitored in real time, thereby providing necessary reference conditions for subsequent production, operations, and other activities related to relevant meteorological conditions.

[0003] However, in the monitoring of temperature, humidity, light, air pressure, wind force and wind direction, the monitoring through relevant sensors has high stability and accuracy. In the monitoring of precipitation, different monitoring methods have relatively large advantages and disadvantages. Traditional precipitation monitoring technologies include weighing rain gauges, piezoelectric rain gauges, optical rain gauges and tipping bucket rain gauges. The first three are suitable for continuous monitoring of heavy rainfall, but their accuracy is extremely poor for monitoring trace rainfall.

[0004] Existing tipping bucket rain gauges mostly use discrete counting methods, which cannot continuously measure rainfall processes. Furthermore, during heavy rainfall, insufficient drainage from the tipping bucket can lead to measurement errors. In addition, interference from wind and rain or blockage by debris can reduce accuracy. The main reason for this is that tipping bucket rain gauges, designed to ensure high-precision rainfall measurement, use small tipping buckets for both measurement and counting, resulting in low single-tilting volume. This necessitates extremely high-frequency tipping during heavy rainfall, causing a certain amount of rainwater to leak out with each tipping, leading to a large cumulative error. Moreover, even with maximum tipping frequency during excessive rainfall, the rain collection bucket may exceed its capacity, causing rainwater overflow and rendering the measurement ineffective. Therefore, this paper proposes a meteorological data acquisition device and method for meteorological observation to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a meteorological data acquisition device and method for meteorological observation, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art. In order to ensure high-precision rainfall measurement, the existing tipping bucket rain gauge has a small tipping bucket size and low single tipping volume. This means that when facing heavy rainfall, the tipping bucket needs to be tipped at an extremely high frequency. Each tipping will cause a certain amount of rainwater to leak out, resulting in a large cumulative error. Furthermore, when the rainfall is too heavy, even at the maximum tipping frequency, the rain collection bucket will be overloaded, causing rainwater to overflow and thus causing the measurement to fail.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a meteorological data acquisition device for meteorological observation, comprising a mounting column and a communication box, a composite meteorological monitoring mechanism, and a tipping bucket rain gauge fixedly mounted on the mounting column. The tipping bucket rain gauge includes an outer cylinder, a rain collection bucket detachably mounted on the top of the outer cylinder, a collecting funnel mounted below the rain collection bucket, and an upward tipping bucket disposed between the rain collection bucket and the collecting funnel. The rainwater collected in the rain collection bucket is tilted and poured into the collecting funnel by the upward tipping bucket. A metering tipping bucket is rotatably disposed below the collecting funnel, and a counting tipping bucket is rotatably disposed below the metering tipping bucket.

[0007] The collecting funnel is equipped with multiple drain pipes, and the tops of these drain pipes are arranged in a stepped manner so that they open sequentially as the water level in the collecting funnel rises, thereby changing the rate at which liquid enters the metering tipping bucket. An electromagnet is provided on the side of the metering tipping bucket for magnetic fixation. The magnetic force of the electromagnet is adaptively adjusted according to the opening degree of the drain pipes, thus changing the amount of water poured out in a single trip. The total rainfall is calculated by combining the amount of water poured out in a single trip with the number of trips of the counting tipping bucket, thereby increasing the rainfall measurement range of the tipping bucket rain gauge and ensuring stable control of the tripping frequency of both the metering and counting tipping buckets.

[0008] Preferably, a drainage base is fixedly installed at the inner bottom of the outer cylinder, a hollow support column is fixedly installed at the top of the drainage base, the collecting funnel is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the hollow support column, the upper tipping bucket is rotatably installed on the hollow support column, support frames are provided on both sides of the hollow support column, the metering tipping bucket and the counting tipping bucket are rotatably connected to the support frames, there are two sets of metering tipping buckets and counting tipping buckets, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the hollow support column, the bottom end of the support frame extends towards the middle to form a support part for limiting the flipping amplitude of the counting tipping bucket, and the support part is fixedly connected to the hollow support column.

[0009] Preferably, the electromagnet is fixedly installed in the hollow support column, and permanent magnets are fixedly embedded in both side walls of the metering tipping bucket. The permanent magnets are attracted and fixed to the electromagnet. A reed switch is fixedly installed in the hollow support column, and a magnet is installed in the counting tipping bucket so that the magnet passes through the reed switch when the counting tipping bucket flips, thereby triggering counting. A PCB control board is installed between the electromagnet and the reed switch, and a wire is installed between the PCB control board and the communication box.

[0010] Preferably, the metering tipping bucket is rhomboid in shape, and a metering partition is integrally formed in the middle of the metering tipping bucket. The metering partition forms symmetrical liquid storage chambers on the inner walls of both ends of the metering tipping bucket. A counterweight is integrally formed at the opposite ends of the two sets of liquid storage chambers. A limiting member is fixedly installed on the hollow support column. The two ends of the limiting member extend into the two sets of liquid storage chambers, so that when the metering partition is flipped to abut against one end of the limiting member, the top opening of one set of liquid storage chambers is horizontal, and the bottom of the other set of liquid storage chambers is inclined downwards outwards.

[0011] Preferably, a counting partition is integrally formed in the middle of the counting tipping bucket, which forms two symmetrical drainage storage tanks in the counting tipping bucket. The bottom of the drainage storage tank is integrally formed with a support foot, and the support foot has a drainage channel that runs through the top and bottom surfaces. The top of the drainage base has a drain outlet, and the two sides of the drainage base have porous drainage channels that communicate with the drain outlet. The counting tipping bucket flips over so that the support foot is inserted into the drain outlet, thereby allowing the liquid in the drainage storage tank to be discharged from the outer cylinder through the porous drainage channels.

[0012] Preferably, the collecting funnel includes a circular container with a conical drainage area at the bottom of the inner part of the circular container. An installation part is integrally formed in the middle of the conical drainage area and is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the hollow support column. An outer anti-surge ring is integrally formed in the circular container, and a first overflow port is opened at the bottom of the outer anti-surge ring. An inner anti-surge ring is integrally formed around the conical drainage area, and a second overflow port is opened at the bottom of the inner anti-surge ring. The top of the outer anti-surge ring extends inclined towards the middle so that the diameter of the top of the outer anti-surge ring is shortened to form a support position for supporting the upper tipping bucket, so that when the liquid in the upper tipping bucket is tilted downward, it is poured to the outside of the outer anti-surge ring.

[0013] Preferably, a slide rail is fixedly provided on the outer wall of the mounting part, and a floating liquid level sensor is slidably provided on the outer surface of the slide rail. The drain pipe includes two sets, and the bottom ends of the two sets of drain pipes are respectively facing the two sets of metering tipping buckets.

[0014] The tops of a group of drain pipes are arranged in a stepped manner, and the highest drain pipe in the group is flush with the top of the inner anti-surge ring.

[0015] The top height of the other set of drain pipes is between the top heights of the outer and inner anti-surge rings.

[0016] Preferably, the rain collection hopper includes a receiving hopper and a splash guard integrally formed in the receiving hopper. The top of the receiving hopper is integrally formed with a support rim. The receiving hopper is installed on the top of the outer cylinder through the support rim. A drainage gap is provided between the receiving hopper and the splash guard. The surface of the splash guard is densely provided with splash guard bristles and drainage holes. The bottom of the receiving hopper has a filter hole facing the upward-turning hopper. A filter screen is fixedly provided through the drainage hole at the bottom of the splash guard, so that rainwater entering the splash guard enters the drainage gap through the filter screen and / or the drainage hole, and then is discharged downward from the filter hole.

[0017] Preferably, a solar panel is fixedly installed on the mounting column, and a battery connected to the solar panel is fixedly embedded inside the mounting column. The composite meteorological monitoring mechanism includes a mounting frame fixed on the mounting column, and an air pressure and light monitoring device, a temperature and humidity monitoring device, a wind force monitoring device, and a wind direction monitoring device are installed on the mounting frame.

[0018] A meteorological data acquisition method for meteorological observation includes the following steps:

[0019] S1. The device starts up and collects information on temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind force, air pressure, light intensity, and rainfall.

[0020] S2. Rainwater enters the tipping bucket rain gauge, and the floating liquid level sensor monitors the liquid level height in the collecting funnel.

[0021] S3. Set multiple liquid level height thresholds H1, H2...Hn. When the liquid level height Hnow reaches the corresponding threshold, rainwater is discharged downward into the metering tipping bucket through multiple drain pipes at that threshold height.

[0022] S4. Associate multiple liquid level thresholds H with the switch position of the electromagnet. When the liquid level reaches Hn, the electromagnet switch is set to position n. At this time, the electromagnet adsorption strength reaches level n, so that the maximum liquid storage capacity of the metering tipping bucket LA=S*n, where S is the minimum reference quantity. When the liquid reaches LA, the metering tipping bucket flips, allowing the liquid to enter the counting tipping bucket.

[0023] S5. Write the counting rule in the PCB control board: G=T*n, where T is the number of times the counting bucket flips and n is the electromagnet attraction strength level when the counting bucket flips. Calculate the number of times the bucket flips based on the baseline S, and finally calculate the total rainfall LZ=(G1+G2+…Gm)*S.

[0024] S6, the communication box transmits the collected information on temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind force, air pressure, light intensity, and rainfall to the cloud via a wireless module.

[0025] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows:

[0026] 1. This meteorological data acquisition device for meteorological observation incorporates a floating liquid level sensor in the collecting funnel, expands the capacity of the metering tipping bucket, and uses an electromagnet to control the water volume during the tipping bucket's rotation. The electromagnet's magnetic force is automatically adjusted based on the height threshold of the liquid level sensor. Furthermore, corresponding drain pipes are installed in the collecting funnel for different liquid level thresholds. This allows the collecting funnel and metering tipping bucket to adaptively adjust the flow rate per metering unit according to the current rainfall intensity, thereby improving the overall metering capacity of the device. It also avoids excessive errors in the final metering results caused by the cumulative splashing error during frequent rotation of the metering and counting tipping buckets due to heavy rainfall.

[0027] 2. This meteorological data acquisition method for meteorological observation uses an intelligent control algorithm set in the PCB control board. During use, multiple liquid level thresholds are associated with the magnetic force settings of the electromagnet. When the liquid level reaches the corresponding threshold height, the magnetic force of the electromagnet is automatically adjusted to the corresponding setting, thereby increasing the water inlet speed and water holding capacity of the metering tipping bucket by a corresponding multiple. Then, by writing a counting rule in the PCB control board, using the minimum reference quantity as the counting unit, the minimum reference quantity is obtained by multiplying the number of times the funnel flips by the multiple when the flipping occurs, and thus calculating the final rainfall. This reduces the overall calculation difficulty and enables intelligent control of the metering tipping bucket to operate at a relatively stable flipping frequency. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall outer surface structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the outer cylinder of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a front view of the internal cross-section of the outer cylinder of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure between the rainwater collection hopper and the drainage base of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the rain collection hopper of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the funnel of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the outer surface structure of the metering tipping bucket and the counting tipping bucket of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the hollow column of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 9 This is a front view of the internal cross-section of the metering tipping bucket and the counting tipping bucket of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the outer surface structure of the composite meteorological monitoring mechanism of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 11 This is a flowchart of the meteorological data acquisition method of the present invention.

[0039] In the diagram: 1. Mounting column; 2. Communication box; 3. Solar panel; 4. Composite meteorological monitoring mechanism; 41. Mounting frame; 42. Barometric pressure and light monitoring device; 43. Temperature and humidity monitoring device; 44. Wind force monitoring device; 45. Wind direction monitoring device; 5. Tipping bucket rain gauge; 51. Outer cylinder; 52. Hollow support column; 53. Rain collection hopper; 531. Receiving hopper; 532. Splash hopper; 533. Support edge; 534. Drainage gap; 535. Filter hole; 536. Leakage hole; 537. Splash brush; 538. Filter screen; 54. Top tipping bucket; 55. Collection funnel; 551. Circular container; 552. Conical drainage area; 553. Outer wave shield; 554. First 555. Overflow outlet; 556. Mounting section; 557. Inner anti-surge ring; 558. Second overflow outlet; 559. Drain pipe; 5510. Slide rail; 5510. Floating level sensor; 56. Support frame; 562. Support section; 57. Metering tipping bucket; 571. Liquid storage chamber; 572. Metering partition; 573. Permanent magnet; 574. Counterweight; 58. Counting tipping bucket; 581. Drainage storage tank; 582. Counting partition; 583. Magnet; 584. Support foot; 59. Drainage base; 592. Drain outlet; 593. Perforated drainage channel; 510. Wire; 511. Electromagnet; 512. Reed switch; 513. PCB control board; 514. Limiting component. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] Example 1: This embodiment of the invention provides, as follows Figures 1 to 10The meteorological data acquisition device for meteorological observation shown includes a mounting column 1 and a communication box 2, a composite meteorological monitoring mechanism 4, and a tipping bucket rain gauge 5, which are fixedly installed on the mounting column 1. The tipping bucket rain gauge 5 includes an outer cylinder 51, a rain collection hopper 53 is detachably installed on the top of the outer cylinder 51, a collecting funnel 55 is installed below the rain collection hopper 53, and an upper tipping bucket 54 is provided between the rain collection hopper 53 and the collecting funnel 55. The rainwater collected in the rain collection hopper 53 is tilted and poured into the collecting funnel 55 through the upper tipping bucket 54. A metering tipping bucket 57 is rotatably arranged below the collecting funnel 55, and a counting tipping bucket 58 is rotatably arranged below the metering tipping bucket 57.

[0042] Multiple drain pipes 558 are installed in the collecting funnel 55, and the tops of the multiple drain pipes 558 are arranged in a stepped manner so that the multiple drain pipes 558 open sequentially as the water level in the collecting funnel 55 rises, thereby changing the rate at which liquid enters the metering tipping bucket 57. An electromagnet 511 is installed on the side of the metering tipping bucket 57 for magnetically fixing the metering tipping bucket 57. The magnetic force of the electromagnet 511 is adaptively adjusted according to the opening amount of the drain pipes 558, thereby changing the amount of water that the metering tipping bucket 57 tilts at one time. The total rainfall is calculated by measuring the amount of water that the metering tipping bucket 57 tilts at one time and counting the number of times the tipping bucket 58 is flipped. This allows the tipping bucket rain gauge 5 to improve the rainfall measurement range and to stabilize the flipping frequency of the metering tipping bucket 57 and the counting tipping bucket 58.

[0043] A drainage base 59 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner cylinder 51. A hollow support column 52 is fixedly installed at the top of the drainage base 59. A collecting funnel 55 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the hollow support column 52. An upper tipping bucket 54 is rotatably installed on the hollow support column 52. Support frames 56 are provided on both sides of the hollow support column 52. A metering tipping bucket 57 and a counting tipping bucket 58 are rotatably connected to the support frames 56. There are two sets of metering tipping buckets 57 and two sets of counting tipping buckets 58, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the hollow support column 52. The bottom end of the support frame 56 extends towards the middle to form a support part 562 for limiting the tilting amplitude of the counting tipping bucket 58. The support part 562 is fixedly connected to the hollow support column 52. By increasing the drainage speed of the collecting funnel 55 through the two sets of metering tipping buckets 57 and the two sets of counting tipping buckets 58, the metering range of the entire device is greatly improved.

[0044] Electromagnet 511 is fixedly installed in hollow support column 52, and permanent magnets 573 are fixedly embedded in both side walls of metering tipping bucket 57. Permanent magnets 573 are attracted and fixed to electromagnet 511. Reed switch 512 is fixedly installed in hollow support column 52. Magnet 583 is installed in counting tipping bucket 58 so that magnet 583 passes through reed switch 512 when counting tipping bucket 58 flips, thereby triggering counting. PCB control board 513 is installed between electromagnet 511 and reed switch 512. Wire 510 is installed between PCB control board 513 and communication box 2. PCB control board 513 is used to control the current through electromagnet 511, thereby changing the magnetic strength of electromagnet 511.

[0045] The metering tilting bucket 57 is rhomboid in shape, and a metering partition 572 is integrally formed in the middle of the metering tilting bucket 57. The metering partition 572 forms symmetrical liquid storage chambers 571 on the inner walls of both ends of the metering tilting bucket 57. A counterweight 574 is integrally formed at the opposite ends of the two sets of liquid storage chambers 571. A limiting member 514 is fixedly installed on the hollow support column 52. The two ends of the limiting member 514 extend into the two sets of liquid storage chambers 571, so that when the metering partition 572 is flipped to abut against one end of the limiting member 514, the top opening of one set of liquid storage chambers 571 is horizontal, and the other set of liquid storage chambers 571... The bottom of the metering tipping bucket 57 slopes downwards and outwards. Compared with the traditional triangular metering tipping bucket 57, the overall capacity of this metering tipping bucket 57 is doubled. At the same time, the special design of the limiting member 514 and the position design of the electromagnet 511 and the permanent magnet 573 ensure that the angle of each flip of the metering tipping bucket 57 is constant. After flipping into place, the electromagnet 511 and the permanent magnet 573 are attracted to each other, so that the top opening of one set of liquid storage chambers 571 is horizontal, at which time its water holding capacity reaches the maximum value. The bottom of the other set of liquid storage chambers 571 is slightly tilted outwards so that the liquid inside can flow out completely.

[0046] The counting bucket 58 has a counting partition 582 integrally formed in the middle. The counting partition 582 forms two symmetrical drainage storage tanks 581 in the counting bucket 58. The bottom of the drainage storage tank 581 has a support foot 584 integrally formed, and the support foot 584 has a drainage channel that runs through the top and bottom surfaces. The top of the drainage base 59 has a drain outlet 592. The two sides of the drainage base 59 have porous drainage channels 593 that are connected to the drain outlet 592. The counting bucket 58 flips so that the support foot 584 is inserted into the drain outlet 592, so that the liquid in the drainage storage tank 581 is discharged into the outer cylinder 51 through the porous drainage channel 593.

[0047] Each time the counting bucket 58 flips, the magnet 583 passes the position of the reed switch 512, thereby triggering a count. At the same time, after each flip, the water is drained to empty through the support foot 584.

[0048] The collecting funnel 55 includes a circular container 551. A conical drainage area 552 is provided at the bottom of the circular container 551. An installation part 555 is integrally formed in the middle of the conical drainage area 552. The installation part 555 is fixedly set on the outer wall of the hollow support column 52. An outer anti-surge ring 553 is integrally formed in the circular container 551. A first overflow port 554 is opened at the bottom of the outer anti-surge ring 553. An inner anti-surge ring 556 is integrally formed around the conical drainage area 552. A second overflow port 557 is opened at the bottom of the inner anti-surge ring 556. The top of the outer anti-surge ring 553 extends inclined towards the middle so that the top diameter of the outer anti-surge ring 553 is shortened to form a support position for supporting the tilting bucket 54, so that when the liquid in the tilting bucket 54 tilts downward, it is poured to the outside of the outer anti-surge ring 553.

[0049] The outer wave shield 553 can limit the tilting angle of the top bucket 54 and ensure that all the water entering the circular container 551 falls outside the outer wave shield 553, thus preventing the water from being stirred up and surging, which would affect the drainage stability of the drain pipe 558. At the same time, after the liquid overflows into the inner through the first overflow outlet 554, if the rain is not heavy, the rainwater will steadily enter the conical drainage area 552 through the second overflow outlet 557. If the rain is heavy, the water level will rise rapidly, and the rising liquid level will gradually submerge the inner wave shield 556. At this time, the rainwater will flow in through the top of the inner wave shield 556.

[0050] A slide rail 559 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the mounting part 555. A floating liquid level sensor 5510 is slidably installed on the outer surface of the slide rail 559. The drain pipe 558 includes two sets, and the bottom ends of the two sets of drain pipes 558 are respectively facing the two sets of metering tipping buckets 57.

[0051] The top of a group of drain pipes 558 is arranged in a stepped manner, and the highest drain pipe 558 in the group is flush with the top of the inner anti-surge ring 556. Thus, when the liquid level is higher than the inner anti-surge ring 556, all the drain pipes 558 in the group are submerged, preventing the surge generated by the top overflow from affecting the water intake of the drain pipes 558 in the group.

[0052] The top height of the other set of drain pipes 558 is between the top heights of the outer anti-wave ring 553 and the inner anti-wave ring 556, so that the other set of multiple drain pipes 558 can be used simultaneously.

[0053] The rain collection hopper 53 includes a receiving hopper 531 and a splash guard 532 integrally formed within the receiving hopper 531. The top of the receiving hopper 531 has an integrally formed support rim 533. The receiving hopper 531 is mounted on the top of the outer cylinder 51 via the support rim 533. The surface of the splash guard 532 is densely covered with splash guard bristles 537 and drainage holes 536. The splash guard bristles 537 slow down and block larger raindrops falling into the splash guard 532, preventing them from splashing outwards and causing data errors.

[0054] A drainage gap 534 is provided between the receiving hopper 531 and the splash hopper 532. The bottom of the receiving hopper 531 is provided with a filter hole 535 facing the upward-turning hopper 54. A filter screen 538 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the splash hopper 532 through the leakage hole 536, so that rainwater entering the splash hopper 532 can enter the drainage gap 534 through the filter screen 538 and / or the leakage hole 536, and then be discharged downward from the filter hole 535. This provides more drainage channels for the entire splash hopper 532 and avoids the situation where it cannot drain water due to blockage by internal impurities.

[0055] A solar panel 3 is fixedly installed on the mounting column 1, and a battery connected to the solar panel 3 is fixedly embedded inside the mounting column 1. The composite meteorological monitoring mechanism 4 includes a mounting frame 41 fixed on the mounting column 1, and an air pressure and light monitor 42, a temperature and humidity monitor 43, a wind force monitor 44, and a wind direction monitor 45 are installed on the mounting frame 41.

[0056] Working principle: When in use, the device is fixed to the target monitoring area by mounting column 1, and remotely communicates with the cloud through the wireless module set inside the communication box 2. It generates solar power through solar panel 3 and stores the electrical energy in the battery to power the device.

[0057] During use, the air pressure and light conditions in the area are monitored by the air pressure and light monitoring device 42; the temperature and humidity in the area are monitored by the temperature and humidity monitoring device 43; the wind force and wind direction in the area are monitored by the wind force monitoring device 44 and the wind direction monitoring device 45 respectively; more importantly, the rainfall in the area is measured by the tipping bucket rain gauge 5.

[0058] When the tipping bucket rain gauge 5 is in use, rainwater falls into the splash-proof bucket 532. The densely arranged splash-proof bristles 537 prevent the rainwater from splashing outwards, allowing it to pass through the filter screen 538 and the drain hole 536 into the drainage gap 534. Then, it enters the upper tipping bucket 54 through the bottom filter hole 535. When the rainwater collected on one side of the upper tipping bucket 54 reaches its storage limit, it tilts to one side under gravity. At this point, the upper tipping bucket 54 contacts the top of the outer anti-wave ring 553, allowing the collected rainwater to enter the outside of the outer anti-wave ring 553 and then flow outwards through the first overflow port 554. The water overflows from the inner side of ring 553 and then overflows into the conical drainage area 552 through the second overflow port 557. At this time, the rainwater is injected into the metering tipping bucket 57 through the lowest set of drain pipes 558 at the top. Since the water level is at the lowest point, the magnetic attraction level of the permanent magnet 573 is level one. When the rainwater in one side of the metering tipping bucket 57 reaches the minimum metering unit, the metering tipping bucket 57 flips downward, allowing the rainwater to enter the counting tipping bucket 58, thereby completing one minimum metering unit count. If the rain speed remains unchanged, the device will always keep the lowest set of drain pipes 558 for drainage.

[0059] If the rain speed increases, the drainage speed of a single drain pipe 558 becomes lower than the water inlet speed of the tipping bucket 54. As a result, the liquid level in the circular container 551 gradually rises. This rise causes the floating liquid level sensor 5510 to float, and simultaneously submerges the multiple drain pipes 558 arranged in a stepped height configuration. This allows multiple drain pipes 558 to simultaneously fill the metering tipping bucket 57 with water. The increased number of open drain pipes 558 increases the water inlet speed. During this process, the floating liquid level sensor... 5510 provides the PCB control board 513 with a corresponding height threshold signal, and then the PCB board 5513 provides the electromagnet 511 with a corresponding control signal, so that the magnetic force of the electromagnet 511 increases, thereby increasing the maximum water holding capacity of the metering tipping bucket 57 by the same factor as the number of drain pipes 558 currently open. Ignoring the influence of water pressure, the tipping speed of the metering tipping bucket 57 is kept the same as the speed when a single set of drain pipes 558 is opened; and the amount of water poured out by the metering tipping bucket 57 in a single tipping is the minimum metering unit multiplied by the number of drain pipes 558 opened.

[0060] If the liquid level does not exceed the height of the inner anti-surge ring 556, the metering tipping bucket 57 on one side will operate at full load. If the liquid level continues to increase, it indicates that the drainage capacity is still insufficient. As the liquid level rises, the liquid surface gradually submerges multiple drain pipes 558 on the other side. At this time, a set of metering tipping buckets 57 on the other side will start operating at full load. Both metering tipping buckets 57 will operate at full load simultaneously. At this time, the two counting tipping buckets 58 will tilt and pour out rainwater to achieve the maximum load state of the device.

[0061] Ultimately, this allows the device to adaptively adjust the flow rate of the metering unit according to the current rainfall intensity, thereby improving the metering capacity range of the entire device. At the same time, it avoids the cumulative splashing error caused by the high-frequency flipping of the metering tipping bucket 57 and the counting tipping bucket 58 due to excessive rainfall, which would have a significant impact on the final metering result.

[0062] Example 2: Implementation of the Invention Figures 1 to 11 As shown, a meteorological data acquisition method for meteorological observation is provided, including the following steps:

[0063] S1. The device starts up and collects information on temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind force, air pressure, light intensity, and rainfall.

[0064] S2, rainwater enters the tipping bucket rain gauge 5, and the floating liquid level sensor 5510 monitors the liquid level height in the collecting funnel 55;

[0065] S3. Set multiple liquid level height thresholds H1, H2...Hn. When the liquid level height Hnow reaches the corresponding threshold, rainwater is discharged downward into the metering tipping bucket 57 through multiple drain pipes 558 at that threshold height.

[0066] S4. Data association is established between multiple liquid level thresholds H and the switching positions of electromagnet 511. When the liquid level reaches Hn, the switch of electromagnet 511 is set to position n. At this time, the adsorption strength of electromagnet 511 reaches level n, so that the maximum liquid storage capacity LA of metering tipping bucket 57 is LA=S*n, where S is the minimum reference quantity. When the liquid reaches LA, metering tipping bucket 57 flips, so that the liquid enters counting tipping bucket 58.

[0067] S5. Write the counting rule in the PCB control board 513, G=T*n, where T is the number of times the counting bucket 58 flips, and n is the adsorption strength level of the electromagnet 511 when the counting bucket 58 flips. Calculate the number of times the bucket flips based on the reference amount S, and finally calculate the total rainfall LZ=(G1+G2+…Gm)*S.

[0068] S6 and Communication Box 2 transmit the collected information on temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind force, air pressure, light intensity, and rainfall to the cloud via a wireless module.

[0069] Working principle: In this embodiment, an intelligent control algorithm is set in the PCB control board 513. During use, the floating liquid level sensor 5510 monitors the current water storage in the collecting funnel 55. The water storage is reflected by different thresholds of liquid level height, which reflect the current water discharge rate of the metering tipping bucket 57. Then, the PCB control board 513 generates a control signal for the electromagnet 511 based on the feedback signal of the floating liquid level sensor 5510. The electromagnet 511 is used to adjust the single water carrying capacity of the metering tipping bucket 57, so as to keep the flipping frequency of the metering tipping bucket 57 from increasing significantly, while the single water discharge volume increases exponentially. Then, the final precipitation is calculated based on the current single water discharge volume and water discharge frequency.

[0070] The following calculations will use actual data simulations to determine precipitation levels.

[0071] The area where the device is installed experiences continuous rainfall for 4 hours. The first hour is drizzle, the second hour is moderate rain, the third hour is heavy rain, and the fourth hour is light rain. The minimum reference volume of the metering tipper is 5 ml, the top opening area of ​​the rain collection hopper 53 is 0.15 square meters, and there are 5 drain pipes in each of the two sets of drain pipes 558, for a total of 10 pipes.

[0072] Rainwater enters the top-turning bucket 54 through the rain collection bucket 53, and then collects into the collection funnel 55;

[0073] During the first hour, the liquid level in the collecting funnel 55 is always kept at H1. At this time, water is injected into the metering tipping bucket 57 through a drain pipe 558. During this period, the metering tipping bucket 57 on one side is flipped a total of 20 times.

[0074] During the second hour, the liquid level in the collecting funnel 55 rapidly increases from H1 to H5 and remains around H5 for 1 hour. At this time, water is injected into the metering tipping bucket 57 through 5 drain pipes 558. During this period, the metering tipping bucket 57 on both sides is flipped a total of 22 times.

[0075] During the third hour, the liquid level in the collecting funnel 55 rapidly increases from H5 to H7 and remains at H7 for about 1 hour. At this time, water is injected into the metering tipping bucket 57 through 10 drain pipes 558. During this period, the metering tipping buckets 57 on both sides are flipped a total of 24 times.

[0076] In the 4th hour, the liquid level in the collecting funnel 55 rapidly drops from H7 to H3, and remains at around H3 for about 1 hour before rapidly dropping from H3 to 0. At this time, water is injected into the metering tipping bucket 57 through the three drain pipes 558. During this period, the metering tipping bucket 57 on one side flips a total of 21 times, and finally drops to 0 as the liquid level drops, completing this precipitation measurement.

[0077] The total rainfall was: LZ = [(1×20+5×22+10×24+3×21)×5ml] / 0.15≈14433ml / ㎡; according to the definition of rainfall, 1 mm of rainfall = 1L / ㎡, so the rainfall in this area in 4 hours reached 14.433 mm;

[0078] It should be noted that in this method, the value of n is the real-time water level height given by the floating liquid level sensor 5510 after the counting bucket 58 flips over, that is, after the reed switch 512 captures a signal once. If the rainwater in the collection funnel 55 is eventually exhausted at this value of n, but still has not reached the gravity trigger value of the electromagnet 511, the magnetic force of the electromagnet 511 will decrease step by step until the amount of rainwater in the metering bucket 57 reaches the magnetic force level of the electromagnet 511. At this time, the metering bucket 57 will flip over. The magnetic force level of the electromagnet 511 will be used as a multiple of the minimum reference amount of the metering bucket 57 at this flip.

[0079] Example;

[0080] During the precipitation process, as the rainfall intensifies, the liquid level inside the collecting funnel 55 rapidly decreases from 7H to 1H. At 7H, after the left metering tipping funnel 57 flips once, the liquid level drops from 7H to 4H. At this time, the magnetic level of the electromagnet 511 corresponding to the left metering tipping funnel 57 is at the maximum level of 5, while the liquid volume inside the left metering tipping funnel 57 has not reached 5×5ml. At this time, the left metering tipping funnel 57 remains stationary, and then the magnetism of the left electromagnet 511 gradually decreases. When the magnetic level drops to level 2, the left metering tipping funnel 57 flips. At this time, the flipping measurement of the left metering tipping funnel 57 is 2×5ml, with an error within 5ml.

[0081] During this process, the metering tipping bucket 57 on the right flips once at 7H. When the liquid level drops from 7H to 4H, it flips again. At this time, the metering tipping bucket 57 on the right is considered to be flipping at full capacity, and its water volume is 5×5ml. Then, the liquid level inside the collecting funnel 55 drops from 4H to 3H. At this time, the metering tipping bucket 57 on the right flips again, and its water volume is 4×5ml. Then, the liquid level drops from 3H to 0. At this time, the rainwater inside the collecting funnel 55 is exhausted, and the metering tipping bucket 57 on the right does not flip, indicating that the liquid volume in the metering tipping bucket 57 on the right is less than 3×5ml. At this time, the magnetism of the electromagnet 511 on the right gradually decreases. When the magnetism level drops to level 2, the metering tipping bucket 57 on the right flips. At this time, the flipping of the metering tipping bucket 57 on the right is measured as 2×5ml, with an error of 5ml.

[0082] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A meteorological data acquisition device for meteorological observation, comprising a mounting column (1) and a communication box (2) fixedly mounted on the mounting column (1), a composite meteorological monitoring mechanism (4), and a tipping bucket rain gauge (5), characterized in that, The tipping bucket rain gauge (5) includes an outer cylinder (51), a rain collection bucket (53) is detachably installed on the top of the outer cylinder (51), a collecting funnel (55) is installed below the rain collection bucket (53), an upper tipping bucket (54) is provided between the rain collection bucket (53) and the collecting funnel (55), the rainwater collected in the rain collection bucket (53) is tilted and poured into the collecting funnel (55) by the upper tipping bucket (54), a metering tipping bucket (57) is rotatably provided below the collecting funnel (55), and a counting tipping bucket (58) is rotatably provided below the metering tipping bucket (57). The collecting funnel (55) is provided with multiple drain pipes (558), and the top height of the multiple drain pipes (558) is set in a stepped manner so that the multiple drain pipes (558) open sequentially as the water level in the collecting funnel (55) rises, thereby changing the rate at which liquid enters the metering tipping bucket (57); the side of the metering tipping bucket (57) is provided with an electromagnet (511) for magnetically fixing the metering tipping bucket (57), and the magnetic force of the electromagnet (511) is adaptively adjusted according to the opening amount of the drain pipes (558), thereby changing the amount of water poured out by the metering tipping bucket (57) in a single turn. The total rainfall is calculated by the amount of water poured out by the metering tipping bucket (57) in a single turn and the number of times the counting tipping bucket (58) is turned, thereby enabling the tipping bucket rain gauge (5) to improve the rainfall measurement range, while also ensuring stable control of the turning frequency of the metering tipping bucket (57) and the counting tipping bucket (58); A drainage base (59) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the outer cylinder (51). A hollow support column (52) is fixedly installed at the top of the drainage base (59). The collecting funnel (55) is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the hollow support column (52). The upper tipping bucket (54) is rotatably installed on the hollow support column (52). Support frames (56) are provided on both sides of the hollow support column (52). The metering tipping bucket (57) and the counting tipping bucket (58) are rotatably connected to the support frame (56). The metering tipping bucket (57) and the counting tipping bucket (58) are two sets and symmetrically arranged on both sides of the hollow support column (52). The electromagnet (511) is fixedly installed in the hollow support column (52), and permanent magnets (573) are fixedly embedded in both side walls of the metering tipping bucket (57). The permanent magnets (573) are attracted and fixed to the electromagnet (511). A reed switch (512) is fixedly installed in the hollow support column (52). A magnet (583) is installed in the counting tipping bucket (58) so that when the magnet (583) flips with the counting tipping bucket (58), it passes through the reed switch (512) to trigger counting. A PCB control board (513) is installed between the electromagnet (511) and the reed switch (512). A floating liquid level sensor (5510) is slidably installed on the collecting funnel (55). By setting multiple liquid level height thresholds H1, H2...Hn, when the liquid level height Hnow reaches the corresponding threshold, rainwater is discharged downward into the metering tipping bucket (57) through multiple drain pipes (558) at the threshold height. Multiple liquid level thresholds H are associated with the switch position of the electromagnet (511). When the liquid level reaches Hn, the switch of the electromagnet (511) is set to the n position. At this time, the adsorption strength of the electromagnet (511) reaches the n level, so that the maximum liquid storage capacity LA of the metering tipping bucket (57) is LA=S*n, where S is the minimum reference quantity. When the liquid reaches LA, the metering tipping bucket (57) flips, so that the liquid enters the counting tipping bucket (58).

2. The meteorological data acquisition device for meteorological observation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom end of the support frame (56) extends toward the center to form a support part (562) for limiting the rotation amplitude of the counting bucket (58), and the support part (562) is fixedly connected to the hollow support column (52).

3. A meteorological data acquisition device for meteorological observation according to claim 2, characterized in that, A wire (510) is installed between the PCB control board (513) and the communication box (2).

4. A meteorological data acquisition device for meteorological observation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The metering tipping bucket (57) is rhomboid in shape, and a metering partition (572) is integrally formed in the middle of the metering tipping bucket (57). The metering partition (572) forms symmetrical liquid storage chambers (571) on the inner walls of both ends of the metering tipping bucket (57). A counterweight (574) is integrally formed at the opposite ends of the two sets of liquid storage chambers (571). A limiting member (514) is fixedly installed on the hollow support column (52). The two ends of the limiting member (514) extend into the two sets of liquid storage chambers (571) respectively, so that when the metering partition (572) flips to abut against one end of the limiting member (514), the top opening of one set of liquid storage chambers (571) is horizontal, and the bottom of the other set of liquid storage chambers (571) is inclined downward outward.

5. A meteorological data acquisition device for meteorological observation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The counting bucket (58) has a counting partition (582) integrally formed in the middle. The counting partition (582) forms two symmetrical drainage storage tanks (581) in the counting bucket (58). The bottom of the drainage storage tank (581) is integrally formed with a support foot (584), and the support foot (584) has a drainage channel that runs through the top and bottom surfaces. The top of the drainage base (59) has a drain outlet (592), and the two sides of the drainage base (59) have porous drainage channels (593) that communicate with the drain outlet (592). The counting bucket (58) flips over so that the support foot (584) is inserted into the drain outlet (592), so that the liquid in the drainage storage tank (581) is discharged from the outer cylinder (51) through the porous drainage channel (593).

6. A meteorological data acquisition device for meteorological observation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The collecting funnel (55) includes a circular container (551), the inner bottom of which is provided with a conical drainage area (552). An installation part (555) is integrally formed in the middle of the conical drainage area (552). The installation part (555) is fixedly set on the outer wall of the hollow support column (52). An outer anti-wave ring (553) is integrally formed in the circular container (551). A first overflow port (554) is opened at the bottom of the outer anti-wave ring (553). The conical drainage area (552) is integrally formed with an inner anti-wave ring (556). The bottom of the inner anti-wave ring (556) is provided with a second overflow port (557). The top of the outer anti-wave ring (553) extends inclined towards the middle so that the top diameter of the outer anti-wave ring (553) is shortened to form a support position for supporting the upper tipping bucket (54), so that when the liquid in the upper tipping bucket (54) is tilted downward, it is poured to the outside of the outer anti-wave ring (553).

7. A meteorological data acquisition device for meteorological observation according to claim 6, characterized in that, The outer wall of the mounting part (555) is fixedly provided with a slide rail (559), the floating liquid level sensor (5510) is slidably disposed on the outer surface of the slide rail (559), and the drain pipe (558) includes two sets, and the bottom ends of the two sets of drain pipes (558) are respectively facing the two sets of metering tipping buckets (57). The tops of a group of drain pipes (558) are arranged in a stepped manner, and the highest drain pipe (558) in the group is flush with the top of the inner anti-wave ring (556); The top height of the other set of drain pipes (558) is between the top heights of the outer anti-wave ring (553) and the inner anti-wave ring (556).

8. A meteorological data acquisition device for meteorological observation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rain collection hopper (53) includes a receiving hopper (531) and a splash guard (532) integrally formed in the receiving hopper (531). The top of the receiving hopper (531) is integrally formed with a support rim (533). The receiving hopper (531) is installed on the top of the outer cylinder (51) through the support rim (533). A drainage gap (534) is provided between the receiving hopper (531) and the splash guard (532). The surface of the splash guard (532) is densely decorated with... It has splash-proof bristles (537) and drainage holes (536). The bottom of the receiving bucket (531) is provided with a filter hole (535) facing the upward-turning bucket (54). The drainage hole (536) is fixedly provided with a filter screen (538) at the bottom end of the splash-proof bucket (532), so that rainwater entering the splash-proof bucket (532) enters the drainage gap (534) through the filter screen (538) and / or the drainage hole (536) and is discharged downward from the filter hole (535).

9. A meteorological data acquisition device for meteorological observation according to claim 1, characterized in that, A solar panel (3) is fixedly installed on the mounting column (1), and a battery connected to the solar panel (3) is fixedly embedded inside the mounting column (1). The composite meteorological monitoring mechanism (4) includes a mounting frame (41) fixed on the mounting column (1). A barometric pressure and light monitoring device (42), a temperature and humidity monitoring device (43), a wind power monitoring device (44), and a wind direction monitoring device (45) are installed on the mounting frame (41).

10. A meteorological data acquisition method for meteorological observation, based on the meteorological data acquisition device for meteorological observation as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The device starts up and collects information on temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind force, air pressure, light intensity, and rainfall. S2, rainwater enters the tipping bucket rain gauge (5), and the floating liquid level sensor (5510) monitors the liquid level height of the collecting funnel (55); S3. Write the counting rule in the PCB control board (513), G=T*n, where T is the number of times the counting bucket (58) flips, and n is the adsorption strength level of the electromagnet (511) when the counting bucket (58) flips. Calculate the number of times the bucket flips based on the reference amount S, and finally calculate the total rainfall LZ=(G1+G2+…Gm)*S. S4, Communication Box (2) transmits the collected temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind force, air pressure, light and rainfall information to the cloud via wireless module.

Images