A halogen-free, low-smoke optical fiber communication cable

Abstract

This invention discloses a halogen-free, low-smoke optical fiber communication cable, relating to the field of communication cable technology. It includes an optical fiber assembly, a communication component disposed on the outer surface of the optical fiber assembly, and a chemical protection component disposed on the outer surface of the communication component. To enhance the cable's mechanical strength, this halogen-free, low-smoke optical fiber communication cable features a protective sheath that improves the cable's impact resistance, a thin steel layer that provides mechanical strength, an outer armor layer to resist external corrosion, a smoke-suppressing layer between the armor layer and the thin steel layer to reduce smoke generated during cable combustion, a glass fiber layer as an important reinforcement and protection structure, a buffer layer to prevent optical fiber breakage and conductor deformation, and a lubricating oil stored in an oil tank that flows to the surface of the armor layer and penetrates through the smoke-suppressing layer to the outer surface of the thin steel layer when the cable is subjected to external impact. This effectively protects the mechanical strength components of the cable. The outermost wear-resistant layer provides a certain degree of rigidity and toughness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of communication cable technology, specifically to a halogen-free, low-smoke optical fiber communication cable. Background Technology

[0002] Halogen-free low-smoke optical fiber communication cables are a type of composite cable that combines the functions of optical fiber cables and communication cables, and has the special properties of being halogen-free and low-smoke. They are mainly used in scenarios that require both optical and electrical signal transmission and have extremely high safety requirements. The outer layer and insulation materials use a halogen-free low-smoke formula, which does not release toxic halogen gases when burning, and produces very little smoke, prioritizing personnel safety and equipment visibility.

[0003] The core characteristics of existing halogen-free low-smoke optical communication cables are that they are halogen-free and have low smoke density when burning. This characteristic is mainly achieved through the selection of sheath materials, but some mechanical properties are sacrificed. In the sheath materials of traditional halogen-containing cables, halogen compounds can not only improve flame retardancy, but also enhance the hardness, compression resistance and tear resistance of the material. However, the sheaths of halogen-free low-smoke cables are mostly made of polyolefin materials. The addition of inorganic flame retardants will reduce the flexibility and impact resistance of the material, making the sheath more brittle and prone to cracking under external pressure, thereby reducing the compressive strength of the optical communication cable.

[0004] Therefore, we propose a halogen-free, low-smoke optical fiber communication cable to address the problems mentioned above. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a halogen-free low-smoke optical fiber communication cable to solve the problem of low compressive strength of halogen-free low-smoke optical fiber communication cables mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a halogen-free, low-smoke optical fiber communication cable, comprising an optical fiber assembly, a communication assembly disposed on the outer surface of the optical fiber assembly, a chemical protection assembly disposed on the outer surface of the communication assembly, the chemical protection assembly comprising an optical fiber coating layer for preventing the cable from being corroded by acids and alkalis, a thin film disposed on the outer surface of the optical fiber coating layer for preventing oil from penetrating into the cable interior, a physical protection assembly disposed on the outer surface of the chemical protection assembly, the physical protection assembly comprising a thin steel layer for increasing the mechanical strength of the cable, a smoke-suppressing layer disposed on the outer surface of the thin steel layer for flame retardancy, an armor layer disposed on the outer surface of the smoke-suppressing layer for resisting external corrosion, a glass fiber layer disposed on the outer surface of the armor layer for improving the high-temperature resistance of the cable, and a plurality of oil tanks fixedly embedded in the inner wall of the glass fiber layer, each of the plurality of oil tanks having a piston disposed on its inner wall, and a telescopic rod fixedly connected to the outer surface of each of the plurality of pistons.

[0007] Preferably, a conical sleeve is fixedly installed on the inner wall of each of the multiple oil tanks near one edge, an elastic element is provided on the inner wall of each of the multiple conical sleeves, a sealing ball is fixed at one end of each of the multiple elastic elements, and two springs are provided on the inner wall of each of the multiple telescopic rods.

[0008] Preferably, the physical protection component further includes a protective sleeve for improving the cable's impact resistance, and a buffer layer for reducing the impact of external factors on the internal structure of the cable is coupled between the outer surfaces of the plurality of telescopic rods. The outer surface of the buffer layer is provided with a waterproof expansion layer for preventing external moisture from entering the cable.

[0009] Preferably, the outer surface of the waterproof expansion layer is provided with a wear-resistant layer to improve the wear resistance of the cable, and the outer surface of the wear-resistant layer is provided with a plurality of protrusions to reduce the direct friction area of ​​the cable. The outer surfaces of the plurality of protective sleeves are coupled to the inner wall of the thin steel layer, and one end of the plurality of telescopic rods respectively extends movably through to the outside of the plurality of oil tanks.

[0010] Preferably, each pair of the multiple springs is grouped together, one end of each group of springs is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the multiple telescopic rods, the other end of each group of springs is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the multiple oil tanks, and one end of each of the multiple elastic elements is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the multiple conical sleeves.

[0011] Preferably, the chemical protection component further includes a cross-linked polyethylene layer for preventing chemical media from penetrating into the cable interior. The outer surface of the cross-linked polyethylene layer is provided with a water-blocking strip for preventing moisture from penetrating into the cable interior. The outer surface of the water-blocking strip is coupled to the inner wall of the optical fiber coating layer, and the outer surface of the film is coupled to the inner wall of the protective sleeve.

[0012] Preferably, the optical fiber assembly includes multiple cores, each of which is divided into six groups. Each group of cores has a filling layer between its outer surfaces to fix the cores, and each of the six filling layers has a sleeve on its outer surface.

[0013] Preferably, a buffer sleeve is fixedly embedded between the outer surfaces of the six sleeves. The outer surface of the buffer sleeve is provided with an aramid yarn layer for improving the tensile strength of the cable, the outer surface of the aramid yarn layer is provided with a steel wire layer for enhancing the mechanical protection of the cable, and the outer surface of the steel wire layer is provided with an insulation layer for preventing short circuits of the cable.

[0014] Preferably, the communication component includes an optical fiber layer, the inner wall of the optical fiber layer is coupled to the outer surface of the insulating layer, an elastic composite layer is disposed on the outer surface of the optical fiber layer, and a polyester fiber layer is disposed on the outer surface of the elastic composite layer.

[0015] Preferably, an isolation sleeve is provided on the outer surface of the polyester fiber layer, an isolation layer is provided on the outer surface of the isolation sleeve, and a fire-resistant mica sleeve for fire protection of the cable is provided on the outer surface of the isolation layer. The outer surface of the fire-resistant mica sleeve is coupled to the inner wall of the cross-linked polyethylene layer.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] 1. To enhance the cable's mechanical strength, the protective sheath improves its impact resistance, the thin steel layer provides mechanical strength, the outer armor layer resists external corrosion, and the smoke suppression layer between the armor layer and the thin steel layer reduces smoke generated during cable combustion. The fiberglass layer is an important reinforcing and protective structure in the cable, and the buffer layer prevents fiber breakage and conductor deformation. When the cable is subjected to external impact, the lubricating oil stored in the oil tank flows to the surface of the armor layer and penetrates to the outer surface of the thin steel layer through the smoke suppression layer, effectively protecting the mechanical strength components in the cable. The outermost wear-resistant layer, with its rigidity and toughness, disperses the impact force. In addition, its multiple elastic protrusions increase point contact with the contact surface, thereby reducing the overall friction area of ​​the wear-resistant layer, solving the problem of low compressive strength in existing halogen-free low-smoke optical communication cables.

[0018] 2. In the manufacturing process of halogen-free low-smoke optical communication cables, the filler layer is an important auxiliary structure for optimizing the stability and protection performance of the cable structure, reducing mechanical damage caused by core vibration. The sleeve wraps around the core and the filler layer, which is a key structure. The sleeve can directly resist slight external compression, and the buffer sleeve can prevent moisture from further penetrating the core through expansion. The aramid yarn layer can prevent stress from being transmitted to the fragile core. The steel wire layer can withstand axial tension through its own high strength. The insulation layer can prevent current leakage and short circuits between conductors. Through the action of the optical fiber assembly, the mechanical strength of the cable can be effectively enhanced.

[0019] 3. In halogen-free low-smoke optical communication cables, the optical fiber layer is the core functional layer for realizing optical signal transmission. The elastic composite layer can effectively reduce the direct force on the internal optical fiber layer, core, and sheath. The polyester fiber layer can disperse stress and prevent the internal optical fiber layer and core from breaking due to excessive stretching. The isolation sleeve can ensure the stability of the cable's geometric dimensions. The isolation layer can prevent performance degradation caused by differences in material properties between layers. The fire-resistant mica sheath can form stable heat insulation in fire and high-temperature scenarios, blocking the flame from directly burning the internal sensitive structure and preventing the expansion of short-circuit faults. Through the function of the communication components, the communication cable can be effectively protected from the influence of the external high-temperature environment.

[0020] 4. To prevent halogen-free low-smoke optical fiber communication cables from being affected by the external chemical environment, the cross-linked polyethylene layer can effectively isolate the current leakage between the internal conductor of the cable and the external environment. The water-blocking tape can prevent moisture from spreading along the cable core axis through physical barriers. The role of the optical fiber coating layer runs through the entire life cycle of optical fiber manufacturing, laying, and operation. The film can prevent different materials from directly contacting each other and causing chemical reactions. Through the action of chemical protection components, the halogen-free low-smoke optical fiber communication cables are effectively prevented from being corroded by the chemical environment. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a front perspective view of a halogen-free, low-smoke optical fiber communication cable according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional view of the optical fiber assembly structure of a halogen-free low-smoke optical communication cable according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the buffer sleeve portion of a halogen-free low-smoke optical communication cable according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional view of the communication component structure of a halogen-free low-smoke optical fiber communication cable according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional view of the chemical protection component of a halogen-free low-smoke optical communication cable according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a perspective view of the wear-resistant layer portion of a halogen-free, low-smoke optical fiber communication cable according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional view of the waterproof expansion layer structure of a halogen-free low-smoke optical fiber communication cable according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the oil tank portion of a halogen-free low-smoke optical communication cable according to the present invention.

[0029] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 8 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0030] In the picture:

[0031] 1. Fiber Optic Assembly; 101. Core; 102. Filler Layer; 103. Sleeve; 104. Buffer Sleeve; 105. Aramid Yarn Layer; 106. Steel Wire Layer; 107. Insulation Layer; 2. Communication Assembly; 201. Fiber Optic Layer; 202. Elastic Composite Layer; 203. Polyester Fiber Layer; 204. Isolation Sleeve; 205. Isolation Layer; 206. Fire-Resistant Mica Sleeve; 3. Chemical Protection Assembly; 301. Cross-linked Polyethylene Layer; 302. Water-Blocking 303. Fiber optic coating; 304. Thin film; 4. Physical protection components; 401. Protective sleeve; 402. Thin steel layer; 403. Smoke suppression layer; 404. Armor layer; 405. Fiberglass layer; 406. Buffer layer; 407. Oil tank; 408. Piston; 409. Telescopic rod; 410. Spring; 411. Conical sleeve; 412. Elastic element; 413. Sealing ball; 414. Waterproof expansion layer; 415. Wear-resistant layer. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Please see Figure 1 - Figure 3 The present invention provides a technical solution: a halogen-free low-smoke optical fiber communication cable, wherein the optical fiber assembly 1 includes a plurality of cores 101, the plurality of cores 101 are divided into six groups, and the outer surfaces of each group of cores 101 are filled with a filling layer 102 for fixing the cores 101. The outer surfaces of the six filling layers 102 are provided with sleeves 103, and buffer sleeves 104 are fixedly embedded between the outer surfaces of the six sleeves 103. The outer surface of the buffer sleeves 104 is provided with an aramid yarn layer 105 for improving the tensile strength of the cable, the outer surface of the aramid yarn layer 105 is provided with a steel wire layer 106 for enhancing the mechanical protection of the cable, and the outer surface of the steel wire layer 106 is provided with an insulation layer 107 for preventing short circuits of the cable.

[0034] In this embodiment, during the manufacturing process of the halogen-free low-smoke optical fiber communication cable, to further enhance the cable's self-protection function, a filler layer 102 is filled on the outer surface of the core 101. The filler layer 102 is an important auxiliary structure for optimizing the cable's structural stability and protective performance, preventing the core 101 from shifting, tangling, and rubbing against each other during laying, bending, and vibration, ensuring a compact overall cable structure, and reducing mechanical damage caused by the core 101's shaking. The sleeve 103 is a key structure that wraps around the core 101 and the filler layer 102. As the first outer barrier for the core 101 and the filler layer 102, the sleeve 103 can directly resist minor external compression, reducing the direct impact of external forces on the core 101. The buffer sleeve 104 is made of a water-absorbing material, which can prevent moisture from further penetrating the core 101 through expansion. The aramid yarn layer 105 is a high-performance reinforcing structure that enhances the cable's mechanical strength, tensile strength, and... The overall stability is closely related. The aramid fiber 105 has extremely high tensile strength. The aramid yarn layer directly bears these tensile stresses through its own high strength, avoiding stress transmission to the fragile inner core 101 and preventing the core 101 from breaking due to excessive stretching. This can improve the tensile strength of the cable. The steel wire layer 106 mainly undertakes mechanical protection and structural support functions. When the cable is used for overhead laying, long-distance traction laying, and scenarios that bear a large self-weight, the steel wire layer 106 can withstand axial tension through its own high strength, preventing the inner core 101 from being pulled apart and damaged due to stretching, thus ensuring structural integrity. The insulation layer 107 can prevent current leakage and short circuits between conductors, ensuring that electrical signals are transmitted only in designated conductors, avoiding signal interference, energy loss, and circuit failure. As the inner structure of the cable, the insulation layer 107 can reduce harm to personnel and equipment in extreme cases. Through the action of the optical fiber assembly 1, the mechanical strength of the cable can be effectively enhanced.

[0035] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the communication component 2 includes an optical fiber layer 201. The inner wall of the optical fiber layer 201 is coupled to the outer surface of the insulation layer 107. An elastic composite layer 202 is disposed on the outer surface of the optical fiber layer 201. A polyester fiber layer 203 is disposed on the outer surface of the elastic composite layer 202. An isolation sleeve 204 is disposed on the outer surface of the polyester fiber layer 203. An isolation layer 205 is disposed on the outer surface of the isolation sleeve 204. A fire-resistant mica sleeve 206 for fire protection of the cable is disposed on the outer surface of the isolation layer 205. The outer surface of the fire-resistant mica sleeve 206 is coupled to the inner wall of the cross-linked polyethylene layer 301.

[0036] In this embodiment, in the halogen-free low-smoke optical fiber communication cable, the optical fiber layer 201 is the core functional layer for realizing optical signal transmission. Through the principle of total internal reflection, it efficiently and with low loss transmits the optical signal converted from the electrical signal within the optical fiber. Compared with traditional metal cables, optical fiber transmission has advantages such as large bandwidth, long transmission distance, resistance to electromagnetic interference, and low signal attenuation, making it the core carrier of modern high-speed communication. The elastic composite layer 202 is a functional structural layer with buffering, sealing, and environmental adaptability characteristics. It has good flexibility and resilience, effectively absorbing external impacts and internal stresses, reducing direct forces on the internal optical fiber layer 201, core 101, and sleeve 103. The polyester fiber layer 203 is a key auxiliary layer that combines structural reinforcement and functional assistance. Its role and benefits are closely related to the cable's mechanical strength, structural stability, and adaptability to halogen-free and low-smoke characteristics. During cable laying, it withstands dragging and tensile forces, and the polyester fiber layer 203 can effectively absorb these forces. Stress-dissipating materials prevent the internal fiber optic layer 201 and core 101 from breaking due to excessive stretching. The isolation sleeve 204 is made of halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin material, which can prevent internal structural displacement, twisting and loosening during laying, and ensure the stability of the cable's geometric dimensions. The isolation layer 205 is a key auxiliary structure used to separate different functional areas and ensure the stability and safety of the cable. The isolation layer 205 can prevent performance degradation caused by differences in material properties between layers. The isolation layer 205 has a certain degree of density, which can block external moisture, humidity, oil and acid and alkali substances in the soil from penetrating into the internal sensitive structure. The fire-resistant mica sleeve 206 is a key protective structure designed for high temperature and fire environments. Mica itself has extremely strong high temperature resistance. The mica sleeve can form stable heat insulation in fire and high temperature scenarios, blocking the flame from directly burning the internal sensitive structure and preventing the expansion of short circuit faults. Through the function of the communication component 2, the communication cable can be effectively prevented from being affected by the external high temperature environment.

[0037] like Figure 1 and Figure 5As shown, a halogen-free, low-smoke optical fiber communication cable includes an optical fiber assembly 1, a communication assembly 2 disposed on the outer surface of the optical fiber assembly 1, a chemical protection assembly 3 disposed on the outer surface of the communication assembly 2, the chemical protection assembly 3 including an optical fiber coating layer 303 for preventing the cable from being corroded by acids and alkalis, a thin film 304 disposed on the outer surface of the optical fiber coating layer 303 for preventing oil from penetrating into the cable interior, a physical protection assembly 4 disposed on the outer surface of the chemical protection assembly 3, the physical protection assembly 4 including a thin steel layer 402 for increasing the mechanical strength of the cable, a smoke-suppressing layer 403 disposed on the outer surface of the thin steel layer 402 for flame retardancy, and an armor layer 403 disposed on the outer surface of the smoke-suppressing layer 403 for resisting external corrosion. 4. The outer surface of the armor layer 404 is provided with a glass fiber layer 405 to improve the high temperature resistance of the cable. Multiple oil tanks 407 are fixedly embedded in the inner wall of the glass fiber layer 405. Pistons 408 are provided in the inner wall of each of the multiple oil tanks 407. Telescopic rods 409 are fixedly connected to the outer surface of each of the multiple pistons 408. The chemical protection component 3 also includes a cross-linked polyethylene layer 301 to prevent chemical media from penetrating into the cable. A water-blocking tape 302 is provided on the outer surface of the cross-linked polyethylene layer 301 to prevent moisture from penetrating into the cable. The outer surface of the water-blocking tape 302 is coupled to the inner wall of the optical fiber coating layer 303. The outer surface of the film 304 is coupled to the inner wall of the protective sleeve 401.

[0038] In this embodiment, to prevent the halogen-free low-smoke optical fiber communication cable from being affected by the external chemical environment, the cross-linked polyethylene layer 301 uses a chemical method to form a three-dimensional network structure of linear polyethylene molecules, resulting in an insulation resistance greater than [missing information]. With low dielectric loss, it can effectively isolate the current leakage between the internal conductor of the cable and the external environment. The water-blocking tape 302 forms a water barrier quickly when water enters from the cable end or the damaged part of the sheath, preventing the water from spreading along the cable core axis and controlling the damage to a local area. The optical fiber coating layer 303 is the protective structure of the inner layer of the optical fiber. Its function runs through the entire life cycle of the optical fiber manufacturing, laying and operation. It is crucial to the mechanical performance, optical performance and environmental adaptability of the optical fiber. In halogen-free low-smoke optical communication cables, the thin film 304 has a thin layer structure with specific functions. As an auxiliary protection and isolation component, the thin film 304 can prevent different materials from directly contacting each other and causing chemical reactions. At the same time, it avoids the adhesion between materials and facilitates the interlayer peeling during cable processing and subsequent maintenance. Through the action of the chemical protection component 3, the halogen-free low-smoke optical communication cable is effectively prevented from being corroded by the chemical environment.

[0039] like Figure 1 and Figure 6 - Figure 9As shown, a halogen-free, low-smoke optical fiber communication cable includes an optical fiber assembly 1, a communication assembly 2 disposed on the outer surface of the optical fiber assembly 1, a chemical protection assembly 3 disposed on the outer surface of the communication assembly 2, the chemical protection assembly 3 including an optical fiber coating layer 303 for preventing the cable from being corroded by acids and alkalis, a thin film 304 disposed on the outer surface of the optical fiber coating layer 303 for preventing oil from penetrating into the cable interior, and a physical protection assembly 4 disposed on the outer surface of the chemical protection assembly 3, the physical protection assembly 4 including a thin steel layer 402 for increasing the mechanical strength of the cable, and a useful... The flame-retardant smoke-suppressing layer 403 has an outer surface armor layer 404 for resisting external corrosion. The outer surface of the armor layer 404 has a fiberglass layer 405 for improving the cable's high-temperature resistance. Multiple oil tanks 407 are fixedly embedded in the inner wall of the fiberglass layer 405. Pistons 408 are installed on the inner walls of each oil tank 407. Telescopic rods 409 are fixedly connected to the outer surfaces of each piston 408. Conical sleeves 411 are fixedly installed near one edge of the inner walls of each oil tank 407. Elastic elements 412 are provided on the inner walls of each conical sleeve 411. Each of the multiple elastic elements 412 has a sealing ball 413 fixed to one end. Two springs 410 are provided on the inner wall of each of the multiple telescopic rods 409. The physical protection component 4 also includes a protective sleeve 401 to improve the cable's impact resistance. A buffer layer 406 is coupled between the outer surfaces of the multiple telescopic rods 409 to reduce the impact of external factors on the cable's internal structure. A waterproof expansion layer 414 is provided on the outer surface of the buffer layer 406 to prevent external moisture from entering the cable. A wear-resistant layer 415 is provided on the outer surface of the waterproof expansion layer 414 to improve the cable's abrasion resistance. The outer surface of the 15 is provided with multiple protrusions to reduce the direct friction area of ​​the cable. The outer surfaces of multiple protective sleeves 401 are coupled to the inner wall of the thin steel layer 402. One end of multiple telescopic rods 409 respectively extends through to the outside of multiple oil tanks 407. Multiple springs 410 are grouped in pairs. One end of each group of springs 410 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of multiple telescopic rods 409. The other end of each group of springs 410 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of multiple oil tanks 407. One end of multiple elastic elements 412 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of multiple conical sleeves 411.

[0040] In this embodiment, to enhance the cable's mechanical strength, a protective sleeve 401 is first used to improve the cable's impact resistance. The protective sleeve 401 is primarily made of ethylene-vinyl acetate, which protects the cable's internal structure, enhances flame retardancy, and ensures environmental safety. It resists external mechanical stress, preventing damage to the internal optical fibers and conductors during laying and use due to compression or impact. It also prevents biting, avoiding damage from rodents. The inner thin steel layer 402 provides mechanical strength, while the outer armor layer 404 resists external corrosion, providing double protection for the cable. In addition to its mechanical protection function, the smoke-suppressing layer 403, added between the armor layer 404 and the thin steel layer 402, primarily reduces smoke generated during cable combustion. It also enhances flame retardant properties and protects the internal structure to some extent. Made mainly of polyolefin materials, it allows for lubrication during subsequent use. Furthermore, the glass fiber layer 405 is a crucial reinforcement and protection structure in the cable. It possesses extremely high tensile strength and rigidity, with a tensile strength reaching 3000-4000 MPa. In the cable structure, the glass fiber layer 405 is braided to wrap the internal optical fibers and conductor core. This component effectively resists tensile forces during laying, preventing internal structural deformation and breakage due to external forces. Cables are susceptible to impacts from collisions, compression, and drops during laying, transportation, or use. The buffer layer 406 absorbs and disperses these impacts through its own elastic deformation, preventing the internal fiber optic layer 201 from directly bearing stress and preventing fiber breakage and conductor deformation. Furthermore, the buffer layer 406 is primarily made of neoprene rubber. To prevent the thin steel layer 402 and armor layer 404 in the cable from rusting and reducing their mechanical strength after long-term use, when the cable is subjected to external impact, multiple tensile forces are first applied to the buffer layer. The compression rod 409 compresses the material, causing multiple pistons 408 to move towards the sealing balls 413. This compresses the sealing balls 413, shortening the elastic elements 412 and separating the outer surfaces of the sealing balls 413 from the inner wall of the conical sleeve 411, creating gaps. Lubricating oil stored in the oil tank 407 flows through these gaps to the surface of the armor layer 404 and then penetrates the outer surface of the thin steel layer 402 through the smoke suppression layer 403, effectively protecting the mechanically resistant components in the cable. When the cable is subjected to mechanical impact, the pistons 408 then... Figure 8The two springs 410, as shown, reset under elastic action, reducing pressure on the sealing ball 413. The sealing ball 413 then resets under the elastic action of the elastic element 412, resealing the oil tank 407. Simultaneously, to prevent external water from entering the cable and causing the thin steel layer 402 and armor layer 404 to become damp and rust, the waterproof expansion layer 414, made of highly absorbent resin, further blocks external water. The waterproof expansion layer 414 expands rapidly upon contact with water, filling the gaps inside the cable to form a dense barrier, preventing water molecules from passing through. This effectively prevents moisture from penetrating the cable, avoiding damage to the optical fiber and conductor, and improving the cable's service life. It also acts as a buffer to some extent, absorbing external impacts and protecting the cable's internal structure. Furthermore, to further prevent external mechanical stress... Regarding the impact on the cable, the outermost wear-resistant layer 415 is a key protective structure to ensure the long-term stable operation of the cable. During daily use, in addition to wear, the cable is also prone to external impacts such as squeezing and collision. With its certain rigidity and toughness, the wear-resistant layer 415 can disperse the impact force and reduce direct damage to the internal core structure. The wear-resistant layer 415 is made of halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin material. In addition, the multiple elastic protrusions on its surface increase the point contact with the contact surface, thereby reducing the overall friction area of ​​the wear-resistant layer 415. At the same time, the protrusion structure itself can preferentially bear wear, delay the wear of the base layer, and indirectly extend the service life of the wear-resistant layer 415. Through the action of the physical protection component 4, the mechanical and compressive strength of the halogen-free low-smoke optical fiber communication cable is further strengthened, solving the problem of low compressive strength of the existing halogen-free low-smoke optical fiber communication cable.

[0041] The usage and working principle of this device are as follows: To further enhance the self-protection function of the communication cable, a filler layer 102 is filled on the outer surface of the core 101. The filler layer 102 is an important auxiliary structure for optimizing the stability and protective performance of the cable structure, preventing the core 101 from shifting, tangling, and rubbing against each other during laying, bending, and vibration, ensuring the overall cable structure is compact, and reducing mechanical damage caused by the shaking of the core 101. The sleeve 103 is a key structure that wraps the core 101 and the filler layer 102. The sleeve 103 serves as the first outer barrier between the core 101 and the filler layer 102. The buffer sleeve 104 is made of water-absorbing material, which can prevent moisture from further penetrating the core 101 through expansion. The aramid yarn layer 105 is a high-performance... The reinforced structure is closely related to the cable's mechanical strength, tensile strength, and overall stability. The aramid fiber 105 has extremely high tensile strength, and the aramid yarn layer directly bears these tensile stresses through its own high strength, preventing stress transmission to the fragile internal core 101 and preventing the core 101 from breaking due to excessive stretching. The steel wire layer 106 mainly undertakes mechanical protection and structural support functions. When the cable is used for overhead laying, long-distance traction laying, and scenarios bearing heavy weight, the steel wire layer 106 can withstand axial tensile forces through its own high strength, preventing the internal core 101 from being pulled apart or damaged due to stretching. The insulation layer 107 prevents current leakage and short circuits between conductors, ensuring that electrical signals are transmitted only in designated conductors, avoiding signal interference, energy loss, and circuit faults. The insulation layer 107, as the inner structure of the cable, can reduce harm to personnel and equipment in extreme conditions. In halogen-free low-smoke optical fiber communication cables, the optical fiber layer 201 is the core functional layer for realizing optical signal transmission. Through the principle of total internal reflection, the optical signal converted from the electrical signal is transmitted efficiently and with low loss inside the optical fiber. Compared with traditional metal cables, optical fiber transmission has the advantages of large bandwidth, long transmission distance, resistance to electromagnetic interference, and low signal attenuation. It is the core carrier of modern high-speed communication. The elastic composite layer 202 is a functional structural layer with buffering, sealing, and environmental adaptability characteristics. The polyester fiber layer 203 is a key auxiliary layer with both structural reinforcement and functional assistance. During cable laying, it can withstand dragging and tensile forces, and the polyester fiber layer 203 can disperse stress. To prevent the internal fiber optic layer 201 and core 101 from breaking due to excessive stretching, the isolation sleeve 204 is made of halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin material. The isolation layer 205 is a key auxiliary structure used to separate different functional areas and ensure the stability and safety of the cable. The isolation layer 205 can prevent performance degradation caused by differences in material properties between layers. The isolation layer 205 has a certain degree of density. The fire-resistant mica sleeve 206 is a key protective structure designed for high-temperature and fire environments. Mica itself has extremely strong high-temperature resistance. The mica sleeve can form stable heat insulation in fire and high-temperature scenarios, blocking flames from directly burning the internal sensitive structures and preventing the expansion of short-circuit faults. In addition, the cross-linked polyethylene layer 301 uses chemical methods to form a three-dimensional network structure of linear polyethylene molecules.Effectively isolates the current leakage between the internal conductor of the cable and the external environment. The water-blocking tape 302, through physical barrier, quickly forms a water barrier when moisture enters from the cable end or sheath damage, preventing moisture from spreading along the cable core axis and controlling the damage to a localized area. The optical fiber coating layer 303 is the protective structure of the inner layer of the optical fiber. In halogen-free low-smoke optical communication cables, the thin film 304 has a specific function as an auxiliary protection and isolation component. The thin film 304 can prevent direct contact between different materials from causing chemical reactions, while avoiding adhesion between materials, facilitating interlayer peeling during cable processing and subsequent maintenance. The protective sleeve 401 enhances the cable's resistance. The impact resistance protects the internal structure of the cable, enhances flame retardancy, and ensures environmental safety. It resists external mechanical stress, preventing damage to the internal optical fibers and conductors during laying and use due to compression or impact. It also prevents rodent damage. The inner thin steel layer 402 provides mechanical strength, while the outer armor layer 404 resists external corrosion, providing double-layer mechanical protection. The smoke-suppressing layer 403, added between the armor layer 404 and the thin steel layer 402, primarily reduces smoke produced during cable combustion and also enhances flame retardancy to some extent. In addition to protecting the internal structure, the fiberglass layer 405 is an important reinforcement and protective structure in the cable. The fiberglass layer 405 has extremely high tensile strength and rigidity. In the cable structure, the fiberglass layer 405 wraps around the internal optical fibers and conductor core components through braiding. During laying, transportation, or use, the cable is easily subjected to impacts such as collisions, compression, and drops. The buffer layer 406 absorbs and disperses these impact forces through its own elastic deformation, preventing the internal optical fiber layer 201 from directly bearing stress, thus preventing fiber breakage and conductor deformation. Furthermore, the buffer layer 406 is mainly made of neoprene rubber. When the cable is subjected to external impact forces... First, multiple telescopic rods 409 are compressed, which in turn drives multiple pistons 408 to move towards the sealing balls 413. This causes the sealing balls 413 to be compressed, resulting in the shortening of multiple elastic elements 412. This causes the outer surfaces of the sealing balls 413 to separate from the inner wall of the conical sleeve 411, creating gaps. Lubricating oil stored in the oil tank 407 flows through these gaps into the surface of the armor layer 404 and then penetrates the outer surface of the thin steel layer 402 through the smoke suppression layer 403, effectively protecting the mechanically resistant components in the cable. When the cable is subjected to mechanical impact, the pistons 408 then... Figure 8The two springs 410, as shown, reset under elastic action, reducing pressure on the sealing ball 413. The sealing ball 413 then resets under the elastic action of the elastic element 412, resealing the oil tank 407. Simultaneously, the waterproof expansion layer 414, made of highly absorbent resin, further blocks external water sources. Upon contact with water, the waterproof expansion layer 414 rapidly expands, filling the gaps inside the cable to form a dense barrier, preventing water molecules from passing through. This effectively prevents moisture from intruding into the cable, avoiding damage to the optical fiber and conductor, and extending the cable's lifespan. Furthermore, it also acts as a buffer to some extent, absorbing external moisture. The wear-resistant layer 415 protects the internal structure of the cable from the impact. In addition, the outermost wear-resistant layer 415 is a key protective structure to ensure the long-term stable operation of the cable. During the daily use of the cable, in addition to wear, the cable is also prone to external impacts such as squeezing and collision. The wear-resistant layer 415, with its certain rigidity and toughness, can disperse the impact force. The wear-resistant layer 415 is made of halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin material. In addition, the multiple elastic protrusions on its surface increase the point contact with the contact surface, thereby reducing the overall friction area of ​​the wear-resistant layer 415. At the same time, the protrusion structure itself can preferentially bear the wear, delay the wear of the base layer, and indirectly extend the service life of the wear-resistant layer 415.

[0042] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A halogen-free low-smoke optical cable communication cable comprising an optical fiber assembly (1), an outer surface of the optical fiber assembly (1) is provided with a communication assembly (2), characterized in that: The outer surface of the communication assembly (2) is provided with a chemical protection assembly (3), which comprises a fiber coating layer (303) for preventing the cable from being corroded by acid and alkali, and the outer surface of the fiber coating layer (303) is provided with a film (304) for preventing oil penetration into the cable. The outer surface of the chemical protection assembly (3) is provided with a physical protection assembly (4), which comprises a thin steel layer (402) for increasing the mechanical strength of the cable, the outer surface of the thin steel layer (402) is provided with a smoke suppression layer (403) for flame retardation, the outer surface of the smoke suppression layer (403) is provided with an armored layer (404) for resisting external corrosion, the outer surface of the armored layer (404) is provided with a glass fiber layer (405) for improving the high temperature resistance strength of the cable, and the inner wall of the glass fiber layer (405) is fixedly embedded with a plurality of oil tanks (407), the inner wall of each of the plurality of oil tanks (407) is provided with a piston (408), and the outer surface of each of the plurality of pistons (408) is fixedly connected with an extension rod (409). The inner wall of each of the plurality of oil tanks (407) is fixedly installed with a conical sleeve (411) near one side edge, the inner wall of each of the plurality of conical sleeves (411) is provided with an elastic member (412), one end of each of the plurality of elastic members (412) is fixedly provided with a sealing ball (413), and the inner wall of each of the plurality of extension rods (409) is provided with two springs (410). The physical protection assembly (4) further comprises a protective sleeve (401) for improving the impact resistance of the cable, and the outer surfaces of the plurality of extension rods (409) are coupled and connected with a buffer layer (406) for reducing the influence of the outside on the internal structure of the cable, and the outer surface of the buffer layer (406) is provided with a waterproof expansion layer (414) for preventing external moisture from entering the inside of the cable. The outer surface of the waterproof expansion layer (414) is provided with a wear-resistant layer (415) for improving the wear resistance of the cable, the outer surface of the wear-resistant layer (415) is provided with a plurality of protrusions for reducing the direct friction area of the cable, the outer surfaces of the plurality of protective sleeves (401) are coupled and connected with the inner wall of the thin steel layer (402), and one end of each of the plurality of extension rods (409) is movably penetrated to the outside of each of the plurality of oil tanks (407).

2. The halogen-free, low smoke cable of claim 1, wherein: Each of the plurality of springs (410) is a group of two adjacent springs, one end of each of the springs (410) in each group is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the plurality of extension rods (409), the other end of each of the springs (410) in each group is fixedly connected with the outer surface of each of the plurality of oil tanks (407), and one end of each of the plurality of elastic members (412) is fixedly connected with the inner wall of each of the plurality of conical sleeves (411).

3. The halogen-free, low smoke cable of claim 2, wherein: The chemical protection assembly (3) further comprises a cross-linked polyethylene layer (301) for preventing the chemical medium from penetrating into the cable, an outer surface of the cross-linked polyethylene layer (301) is provided with a water-blocking tape (302) for preventing the moisture from penetrating into the cable, an outer surface of the water-blocking tape (302) is coupled with an inner wall of a fiber coating layer (303), and an outer surface of the film (304) is coupled with an inner wall of the protective sleeve (401).

4. The halogen-free, low smoke cable of claim 3, wherein: The optical fiber assembly (1) comprises a plurality of cores (101), the plurality of cores (101) are divided into six groups, an outer surface of each group of the cores (101) is filled with a filling layer (102) for fixing the core (101), and an outer surface of each of the six filling layers (102) is provided with a sleeve (103).

5. The halogen-free, low smoke cable of claim 4, wherein: A buffer sleeve (104) is fixedly embedded between outer surfaces of the six sleeves (103), an outer surface of the buffer sleeve (104) is provided with an aramid yarn layer (105) for improving the tensile strength of the cable, an outer surface of the aramid yarn layer (105) is provided with a steel wire layer (106) for enhancing the mechanical protection of the cable, and an outer surface of the steel wire layer (106) is provided with an insulation layer (107) for preventing the cable from short-circuiting.

6. The halogen-free, low smoke cable of claim 5, wherein: The communication assembly (2) comprises an optical fiber layer (201), an inner wall of the optical fiber layer (201) is coupled with an outer surface of the insulation layer (107), an outer surface of the optical fiber layer (201) is provided with an elastic composite layer (202), an outer surface of the elastic composite layer (202) is provided with a polyester fiber layer (203).

7. The halogen-free, low smoke cable of claim 6, wherein: An outer surface of the polyester fiber layer (203) is provided with an isolation sleeve (204), an outer surface of the isolation sleeve (204) is provided with an isolation layer (205), an outer surface of the isolation layer (205) is provided with a fire-resistant mica sleeve (206) for playing a fireproof role on the cable, and an outer surface of the fire-resistant mica sleeve (206) is coupled with an inner wall of the cross-linked polyethylene layer (301).

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