Marine starting battery management system and method and marine starting battery system

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of ship battery management systems, and discloses a ship starting battery management system and method. A battery management unit of the system is used for collecting battery state parameters of a battery unit, a heating circuit is used for heating the battery unit in a low-temperature environment, and a large-current charging and discharging driving circuit is used for driving the battery unit to perform large-current charging and large-current discharging under low-temperature and low-voltage conditions. The passive equalization circuit is used for consuming the energy of the corresponding single batteries to equalize the voltage of each single battery, the voltage peak suppression circuit is used for suppressing the voltage peak at the last stage of charging, and the soft start circuit is used for limiting the current rise rate when the battery units are started; the processing unit controls the working state and the working time sequence of each circuit in real time according to the battery state parameters; the state of the battery is monitored in real time through the battery management unit, and the functions of low-temperature large-current output, voltage spike suppression, battery equalization management, starting protection and the like are achieved under unified scheduling of the processing unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of marine battery management systems, and is particularly applicable to marine starting batteries in low-temperature environments, high-current charging and discharging, and long-life operation scenarios. It also relates to marine starting battery management systems, methods, and systems. Background Technology

[0002] Existing technologies in the field of marine starting power supplies have many shortcomings. Traditional marine starting batteries suffer from performance limitations in low-temperature environments, with increased internal resistance and reduced electrolyte conductivity, making it difficult to meet the high-current demands of marine starting equipment. Furthermore, the voltage spikes generated during full charging have not been properly addressed, potentially damaging onboard electrical equipment. When ships are docked for extended periods, most batteries lack low-power sleep and long-standby modules, impacting energy utilization and battery lifespan. Additionally, their balancing current is relatively low, making it difficult to ensure effective cell balancing and overall battery lifespan. Moreover, traditional batteries often lack intelligent management systems, making it impossible to monitor core battery parameters in real time. This hinders users from accurately assessing battery status and promptly identifying potential problems, ultimately affecting the safety and reliability of ship operations.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for marine starting battery management systems, methods, and marine starting battery systems to overcome the above-mentioned defects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a marine starting battery management system, method, and marine starting battery system. The system monitors the battery status in real time through a battery management unit and, in conjunction with key modules such as a heating circuit, a high-current charge and discharge drive circuit, a passive equalization circuit, a voltage spike suppression circuit, and a soft-start circuit, achieves functions such as low-temperature high-current output, voltage spike suppression, battery equalization management, and start-up protection under the unified scheduling of the processing unit. This comprehensively improves the environmental adaptability and operational reliability of marine starting batteries.

[0005] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a marine starting battery management system, comprising:

[0007] A battery management unit is used to collect battery status parameters of a battery cell, wherein the battery cell comprises multiple individual cells;

[0008] A heating circuit is used to heat the battery cell in a low-temperature environment, and the output power of the heating circuit is 200W-500W;

[0009] A high-current charge and discharge drive circuit is used to drive the battery cell to perform high-current charging and high-current discharging under low temperature and low pressure conditions.

[0010] A passive equalization circuit is used to consume the energy of individual cells with higher voltage in the battery cell to equalize the voltage of each individual cell. The passive equalization circuit includes multiple heating resistors.

[0011] A voltage spike suppression circuit is used to suppress voltage spikes at the end of charging. The voltage spike suppression circuit includes multiple clamping diodes.

[0012] A soft-start circuit is used to limit the rate of current rise when a battery cell starts up.

[0013] The processing unit is electrically connected to the battery management unit, heating circuit, high-current charge / discharge drive circuit, passive equalization circuit, voltage spike suppression circuit, and soft-start circuit, respectively. The processing unit controls the working state and timing of the heating circuit, high-current charge / discharge drive circuit, passive equalization circuit, voltage spike suppression circuit, and soft-start circuit in real time according to the battery state parameters.

[0014] Preferably, the heating circuit includes at least one heating element, which is attached to or adjacent to the battery cell;

[0015] The passive balancing circuit has a balancing current of 3A-10A, and the heating resistor has a power of 15W-30W.

[0016] Preferably, the clamping voltage of the clamping diode is 110%-125% (preferably 115%-120%) of the rated voltage of the battery cell.

[0017] Preferably, the high-current charge / discharge drive circuit includes:

[0018] A power switching transistor is used to control the on / off state of the main power circuit, which is the current path between the battery cell and the load. The rated current of the power switching transistor is not less than 80A.

[0019] A driver is used to drive a power switching transistor, and the driver is electrically connected to the processing unit and the power switching transistor respectively.

[0020] The processing unit controls the operating state of the driver based on the temperature and voltage parameters of the battery cell.

[0021] Preferably, the passive equalization circuit includes:

[0022] A comparator array is used to compare the voltage of each individual cell, and the comparator array is electrically connected to each individual cell.

[0023] A switch array for selecting individual cells that need to be balanced, the switch array being electrically connected to the comparator array;

[0024] A resistor array is used to dissipate the energy of individual cells with higher voltage in the battery cell. The resistor array includes multiple heating resistors and is selectively connected in parallel with any individual cell via the switch array.

[0025] Preferably, the marine starting battery management system further includes:

[0026] The power supply module is used to provide operating power to the processing unit, battery management unit, heating circuit, high-current charge and discharge drive circuit, passive equalization circuit, voltage spike suppression circuit and soft-start circuit;

[0027] The MOS short-circuit detection module is used to detect the short-circuit state of the power switching transistor in the main power circuit, which is the current path between the battery cell and the load.

[0028] A low-power sleep module is used to put the system into a sleep state when the battery cell is not used for a long time, so as to reduce static power consumption;

[0029] The processing unit is also electrically connected to the power supply module, the MOS short-circuit detection module, and the low-power sleep module.

[0030] Preferably, the marine starting battery management system further includes a communication interface circuit and an LED indicator circuit, wherein the communication interface circuit includes a Bluetooth chip and a UART port for realizing wireless and wired data transmission;

[0031] The LED indicator circuit is used to display the battery's operating status;

[0032] The processing unit is also electrically connected to the communication interface circuit and the LED indicator circuit, respectively.

[0033] Preferably, the Bluetooth chip is used to transmit the battery status parameters, and the processing unit sends diagnostic information and abnormal alarm data to external devices through the Bluetooth chip. The battery status parameters include voltage parameters, current parameters, temperature parameters, SOC parameters, and SOH parameters.

[0034] Preferably, when the temperature parameter of the battery cell is lower than a first preset threshold, the processing unit controls the heating circuit to start and suspend the high-current charging and discharging operation.

[0035] When the voltage difference of a single cell exceeds a second preset threshold, the processing unit initiates passive equalization control.

[0036] When the charging current drops to the third preset threshold, the processing unit initiates voltage spike suppression control.

[0037] Secondly, the present invention provides a marine starting battery system, which includes a battery cell and a marine starting battery management system as described above, wherein the marine starting battery management system is electrically connected to the battery cell.

[0038] Thirdly, the present invention provides a marine starting battery management method, applied to the marine starting battery management system described above, the marine starting battery management method comprising the following steps:

[0039] S1. Collect battery status parameters of the battery cell;

[0040] S2. When the temperature parameter of the battery cell is lower than the first preset threshold, the heating circuit is activated and the high-current charging and discharging operation is paused.

[0041] S3. When the voltage difference of a single cell exceeds the second preset threshold, passive equalization control is activated.

[0042] S4. When the charging current of the battery cell drops to the third preset threshold, voltage spike suppression control is activated.

[0043] Preferably, the first preset threshold is -10℃ to 5℃, the second preset threshold is 30mV-100mV, the third preset threshold is 5%-15% of the rated charging current, and the battery state parameters include voltage parameters, current parameters, temperature parameters, SOC parameters, and SOH parameters.

[0044] Passive equalization control is stopped during the start-up of the control heating circuit.

[0045] Preferably, the marine starting battery management method further includes the step of:

[0046] The battery cell's operating status is displayed via an LED indicator circuit, and detected overcurrent, high temperature, or abnormal discharge status is pushed to an external terminal via Bluetooth communication.

[0047] Preferably, the marine starting battery management method further includes the step of:

[0048] Based on historical data of battery cell usage and current status parameters, the remaining lifespan of the battery cell is predicted, and the prediction result is output to an external terminal through a communication interface.

[0049] Preferably, the marine starting battery management method further includes the step of:

[0050] The short-circuit status of the power switch is monitored, and the main power circuit is disconnected when a short circuit is detected. The main power circuit is the current path between the battery cell and the load.

[0051] When the system detects that the idle time exceeds the set value, the control system enters a low-power mode.

[0052] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0053] This invention addresses the performance limitations of marine starting batteries in low-temperature environments by combining a heating circuit with a high-current charge / discharge drive circuit, ensuring that the battery can still output a large current to meet the ship's starting requirements even at low temperatures. Furthermore, its voltage spike suppression circuit effectively suppresses voltage spikes at the end of charging, protecting shipboard electrical equipment from damage. Simultaneously, the soft-start circuit limits the current rise rate during startup, preventing damage to the battery and the ship's electrical system from high-current surges. Moreover, its passive balancing circuit employs a high-current balancing design, enabling rapid voltage balancing of individual battery cells, maintaining cell consistency, and extending cell lifespan. Finally, under the unified scheduling of the processing unit, the entire system's functional modules work collaboratively based on the status parameters collected by the battery management unit, achieving intelligent management of the battery cells and significantly improving the environmental adaptability and operational reliability of marine starting batteries.

[0054] The present invention has other features and advantages, which will be apparent from or will be set forth in detail in the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description, which together serve to explain the particular principles of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0055] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0056] Figure 1 This is a circuit block diagram of a marine starting battery system provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 2 This is a circuit block diagram of one specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the marine starting battery management method provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0059] To illustrate the possible application scenarios, technical principles, implementable specific solutions, and achievable objectives and effects of this application in detail, the following description, in conjunction with the listed specific embodiments and accompanying drawings, provides a detailed explanation. The embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of this application and are therefore intended to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The marine starting battery system 1000 of this embodiment includes a battery unit 200 and a marine starting battery management system 100, wherein the marine starting battery management system 100 is electrically connected to the battery unit 200. The marine starting battery management system 100 includes a battery management unit 1, a heating circuit 2, a high-current charge and discharge drive circuit 3, a passive equalization circuit 4, a voltage spike suppression circuit 5, a soft-start circuit 6, and a processing unit 7. The above-mentioned components of the marine starting battery management system 100 will be described in detail below.

[0062] Battery Management Unit 1 is primarily responsible for the comprehensive management and control of Battery Cell 200. This includes real-time monitoring of the battery status parameters of Battery Cell 200, as well as equalization control, charge / discharge management, and fault diagnosis to ensure the safe, stable, and efficient operation of Battery Cell 200. The battery status parameters include, but are not limited to, voltage, current, temperature, SOC, and SOH parameters.

[0063] The battery management unit 1 has an interface for electrically connecting to the battery unit 200, which comprises multiple individual cells. The battery unit 200 is typically a lithium-ion battery, serving as the energy storage center for the entire marine starting battery system. It is composed of individual cells with high energy density and excellent high-rate discharge performance, providing the necessary electrical energy for the ship's starting equipment and other electrical devices.

[0064] Understandably, as the core monitoring module of the entire system, Battery Management Unit 1 bears the dual responsibility of battery status awareness and safety control. Battery Management Unit 1 not only needs to monitor the battery's operating status in real time, but also needs to ensure the battery's safe and reliable operation in the complex marine environment. Here, Battery Management Unit 1 can adopt a commercially available BMS unit. In this case, Battery Management Unit 1 can further collect more than twenty battery status parameters, such as voltage, current, temperature, SOC, and SOH parameters, for the processing unit 7 to perform more detailed coordination and management of battery unit 200.

[0065] Considering that ships sail under various harsh weather conditions year-round, especially in cold sea areas where the performance of lithium batteries will significantly degrade, this embodiment integrates a dedicated heating circuit 2. Unlike the heating film with limited power in traditional battery systems, the heating circuit 2 in this embodiment uses a high-power heating module that can provide either a fixed heating power or an adjustable heating power. When the high-power heating module provides a fixed heating power, its heating power is preferably 300W. When it provides an adjustable heating power, its adjustment range is 200W-500W, with the initial setting value preferably being 300W.

[0066] Specifically, the heating circuit 2 includes at least one heating element 201. Figure 2 (Only two are shown as an example) Heating pads 201 are attached to or adjacent to battery cell 200. When the ambient temperature is too low, heating circuit 2 is activated to provide heat to battery cell 200, raising the temperature of battery cell 200, ensuring that battery cell 200 can maintain good performance in low-temperature environments, extending the service life of battery cell 200, and improving the starting reliability of the ship in cold regions.

[0067] Ship starting systems require extremely high current output capabilities, especially under low-temperature conditions, where this challenge is even more severe. Therefore, this embodiment integrates a dedicated high-current charge-discharge drive circuit 3 to stably drive the high-current charge-discharge process under harsh environments. Specifically, this high-current charge-discharge drive circuit 3 employs corresponding heating schemes according to different temperature ranges during operation. For example, in extremely low-temperature environments, the system activates the aforementioned high-power heating circuit 2 for rapid temperature rise; conversely, under lower temperature conditions, the system can selectively activate a relatively low-power heating film for precise temperature control, typically using a 20W heating film. By employing corresponding heating schemes according to different temperature ranges, both rapid response capabilities under frigid conditions and energy-saving operation under normal low-temperature environments are achieved.

[0068] During the charging phase, the high-current charge and discharge drive circuit 3 selects an appropriate heating method to raise the battery temperature to a safe charging range based on the temperature monitoring results of the battery management unit 1, ensuring the safety and efficiency of the charging process, while effectively preventing potential damage to the battery caused by overcharging and low-temperature charging.

[0069] During the discharge phase, the high-current charge and discharge drive circuit 3, through a precise current control algorithm, can stably output a large current even in low-temperature environments, preventing over-discharge and ensuring the normal operation of ship starting equipment and other critical electrical equipment.

[0070] It is worth noting that this embodiment can uniformly adopt a high-power heating device to cope with various low-temperature scenarios and achieve integrated temperature management. Of course, it can also set up a high-power heating circuit 2 and a low-power heating film separately to carry out differentiated treatment for different temperature levels, thereby optimizing energy consumption while ensuring performance.

[0071] Specifically, the high-current charge / discharge drive circuit 3 includes a power switch 301 and a driver 302. The power switch 301 has a rated current of not less than 80A, preferably 100A, and is used to control the on / off state of the main power circuit, which is the current path between the battery cell 200 and the load. The driver 302 is electrically connected to the processing unit 7 and the power switch 301, and is used to drive the power switch 301. The processing unit 7 controls the operating state of the driver 302 according to the temperature and voltage parameters of the battery cell 200.

[0072] Due to differences in manufacturing processes and usage environments, individual cells within battery cell 200 inevitably exhibit performance variations. This inconsistency can severely impact overall battery performance and lifespan. To address this critical issue, this embodiment integrates a passive balancing circuit 4. This circuit monitors the voltage of each individual cell in real time. When a voltage difference is detected, it dissipates excess energy from the cell with the higher voltage within battery cell 200 by heating a resistor, thereby bringing the voltages of all cells in battery cell 200 closer together. This ensures the overall performance and lifespan of battery cell 200 and improves system reliability. Of course, in other embodiments, active balancing can also be used to ensure the consistency of individual cells, which will not be elaborated upon here.

[0073] The passive equalization circuit 4 has an equalization current between 3A and 10A, preferably 5A, and a heating resistor power between 15W and 30W, preferably 20W, to perform high-current passive equalization and ensure the voltage consistency of each individual cell in a short time. Specifically, the passive equalization circuit 4 includes a comparator array 401, a switch array 402, and a resistor array 403. The comparator array 401 is electrically connected to each individual cell and is used to compare the voltage of each individual cell. The switch array 402 is electrically connected to the comparator array 401 and is used to select the individual cells that need to be equalized. The resistor array 403 is selectively connected in parallel with the individual cells through the switch array 402 to dissipate the energy of the individual cells that need to be equalized (i.e., high-voltage individual cells).

[0074] To prevent voltage spikes from threatening the safety of shipboard electronic equipment during charging, especially the dangerous voltage surges that occur when the battery cell 200 is about to switch charging states at the end of its charging process, this embodiment integrates a dedicated voltage spike suppression circuit 5. This circuit 5, through a clamping diode, can quickly clamp the voltage spike within a safe range and absorb excess energy during the battery's full charge and charging tube shutdown process. Experimental measurements show that controlling the voltage spike within 15%-20% of the rated voltage of the ship's electrical appliances effectively prevents damage to shipboard electrical appliances due to voltage spikes, protecting the reliability and safety of the ship's systems. In this embodiment, the clamping voltage of the clamping diode is 110%-125% of the rated voltage of the battery cell 200, preferably 115%-120%.

[0075] The large current surge at startup can damage the battery itself and potentially affect the stability of the ship's electrical system. To achieve smooth power transmission, this embodiment integrates a soft-start circuit 6, which is connected in series in the battery output circuit. When the battery unit 200 starts, the soft-start circuit 6 can smoothly control the rise of the charging and discharging current of the battery unit 200, avoiding damage to the battery unit 200 and the ship's electrical system caused by excessive surge current at startup. This effectively protects the battery unit 200 and related equipment, extends the service life of the battery unit 200 and the ship's electrical system, and improves the stability and reliability of the ship's electrical system.

[0076] The aforementioned functional modules need to operate in an orderly manner under the unified coordination of processing unit 7 to achieve optimal results. Processing unit 7 processes data from various sensors and modules, and coordinates the operation of each module by issuing corresponding control commands to achieve precise scheduling and coordinated management of the entire system. Processing unit 7 is electrically connected to battery management unit 1, heating circuit 2, high-current charge / discharge drive circuit 3, passive equalization circuit 4, voltage spike suppression circuit 5, and soft-start circuit 6, respectively, and controls the working status and timing of each module in real time based on battery status parameters. Here, processing unit 7 is a microprocessor (MCU), which is programmed with specific control programs for precise scheduling and coordinated management of the entire system.

[0077] Specifically, when the temperature parameter of the battery cell 200 is lower than the first preset threshold, the processing unit 7 controls the heating circuit 2 to start and pause the high-current charging and discharging operation;

[0078] When the voltage difference of a single cell exceeds the second preset threshold, the processing unit 7 initiates passive equalization control;

[0079] When the charging current drops to the third preset threshold, the processing unit 7 initiates voltage spike suppression control.

[0080] Furthermore, the marine starting battery management system 100 of this embodiment also includes a power supply module 8, a MOS short-circuit detection module 9, a low-power sleep module 10, a communication interface circuit 11, and an LED indicator circuit 12. The processing unit 7 is also electrically connected to the power supply module 8, the MOS short-circuit detection module 9, the low-power sleep module 10, the communication interface circuit 11, and the LED indicator circuit 12, respectively. The power supply module 8 provides operating power to each module of the system, the MOS short-circuit detection module 9 detects the short-circuit state of the power switch 301 in the main power circuit, and the low-power sleep module 10 puts the system into a sleep state when the battery unit 200 is not used for a long time, thereby reducing static power consumption.

[0081] The communication interface circuit 11 includes a Bluetooth chip 111 and a UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter) port 112, which are used to realize wireless and wired data transmission. This communication interface circuit 11 integrates Bluetooth and UART communication modules, connecting the battery to a mobile app via Bluetooth. It can display more than 20 core parameters in real time, such as battery voltage, current, remaining power, and cycle count. It also supports custom naming and group management for multiple battery cells 200. The system provides proactive diagnostic functions; when overcurrent, high temperature, or abnormal discharge is detected, an alarm is immediately pushed to the user's mobile phone, helping the user to identify potential problems in advance and accurately monitor the battery's health status. Simultaneously, the UART communication module can interact with other devices or systems to achieve a wider range of data transmission and control functions.

[0082] Specifically, the Bluetooth chip 111 is used to transmit battery status parameters. The processing unit 7 sends diagnostic information and abnormal alarm data to external devices through the Bluetooth chip 111. The battery status parameters include voltage parameters, current parameters, temperature parameters, SOC parameters, SOH parameters, and cycle count.

[0083] The LED indicator circuit 12 is used to display the battery's operating status. The LED module intuitively displays the battery's operating status, such as power level, charging status, fault alarms, and other information. The flashing LED indicator makes it easy for users to understand the battery's operating status in real time and take appropriate measures in a timely manner.

[0084] Figure 2A specific implementation circuit block diagram of the marine starting battery system of this embodiment is shown. Depending on actual needs, it additionally includes a charge / discharge drive module, a charging control module, a temperature detection module, a load detection module, a charging detection module, and an overcharge detection module. It should be noted that some modules provided in this embodiment can be sub-modules of the battery management unit 1, or modules independent of the battery management unit 1; this is not limited here.

[0085] Example 2

[0086] Please see Figures 1-3 The marine starting battery management method of this embodiment is applied to the marine starting battery management system 100 described above, and the marine starting battery management method includes the following steps:

[0087] S1. Collect battery status parameters of battery unit 200.

[0088] S2. When the temperature parameter of the battery cell 200 is lower than the first preset threshold, the heating circuit 2 is started and the high-current charging and discharging operation is paused.

[0089] S3. When the voltage difference of a single cell exceeds the second preset threshold, passive equalization control is activated.

[0090] S4. When the charging current of the battery cell 200 drops to a third preset threshold, voltage spike suppression control is activated. The third preset threshold is 10% of the rated charging current (which can be adjusted within the range of 5%-15%, preferably 10%).

[0091] Preferably, the first preset threshold is -10℃ to 5℃, the second preset threshold is 30mV-100mV, the third preset threshold is 5%-15% of the rated charging current, and the battery state parameters include voltage parameters, current parameters, temperature parameters, SOC parameters, and SOH parameters.

[0092] During the startup of the control heating circuit 2, passive equalization control is stopped.

[0093] Furthermore, the marine starting battery management method of this embodiment also includes the following steps:

[0094] The LED indicator circuit 12 displays the working status of the battery unit 200, and pushes the detected overcurrent, high temperature or abnormal discharge status to the external terminal via Bluetooth communication.

[0095] Based on the historical usage data and current status parameters of battery cell 200, the remaining lifespan of battery cell 200 is predicted and the prediction result is output to an external terminal through the communication interface.

[0096] The short-circuit status of the power switch 301 is monitored. When a short circuit is detected, the main power circuit is disconnected. The main power circuit is the current path between the battery unit 200 and the load. When the system idle time exceeds a set value, the control system enters a low-power mode.

[0097] Combination Figures 1-3 The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0098] This invention addresses the performance limitations of marine starting batteries in low-temperature environments through the cooperation of the heating circuit 2 and the high-current charge / discharge drive circuit 3, ensuring that the battery can still output a large current to meet the starting requirements of the ship. Furthermore, the voltage spike suppression circuit 5 effectively suppresses voltage spikes at the end of charging, protecting shipboard electrical equipment from damage. Simultaneously, the soft-start circuit 6 limits the current rise rate during startup, preventing damage to the battery and the ship's electrical system from high-current surges. Moreover, the passive balancing circuit 4 employs a high-current balancing design, enabling rapid voltage balancing of individual battery cells, maintaining the consistency of the battery cells 200, and extending their lifespan. Finally, under the unified scheduling of the processing unit 7, the entire system's functional modules work collaboratively based on the status parameters collected by the battery management unit 1, achieving intelligent management of the battery cells 200 and significantly improving the environmental adaptability and operational reliability of the marine starting battery.

[0099] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A marine starting battery management system, characterized in that, include: A battery management unit is used to collect battery status parameters of a battery cell, wherein the battery cell comprises multiple individual cells; A heating circuit is used to heat the battery cell in a low-temperature environment, and the output power of the heating circuit is 200W-500W; A high-current charge and discharge drive circuit is used to drive the battery cell to perform high-current charging and high-current discharging under low temperature and low pressure conditions. A passive equalization circuit is used to consume the energy of individual cells with higher voltage in the battery cell to equalize the voltage of each individual cell. The passive equalization circuit includes multiple heating resistors. A voltage spike suppression circuit is used to suppress voltage spikes at the end of charging. The voltage spike suppression circuit includes multiple clamping diodes. A soft-start circuit is used to limit the rate of current rise when a battery cell starts up. The processing unit is electrically connected to the battery management unit, heating circuit, high-current charge / discharge drive circuit, passive equalization circuit, voltage spike suppression circuit, and soft-start circuit, respectively. The processing unit controls the working state and timing of the heating circuit, high-current charge / discharge drive circuit, passive equalization circuit, voltage spike suppression circuit, and soft-start circuit in real time according to the battery state parameters.

2. The marine starting battery management system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The heating circuit includes at least one heating element, which is attached to or adjacent to the battery cell. The passive balancing circuit has a balancing current of 3A-10A, and the heating resistor has a power of 15W-30W.

3. The marine starting battery management system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping voltage of the clamping diode is 110%-125% of the rated voltage of the battery cell.

4. The marine starting battery management system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The high-current charge / discharge drive circuit includes: A power switching transistor is used to control the on / off state of the main power circuit, which is the current path between the battery cell and the load. The rated current of the power switching transistor is not less than 80A. A driver is used to drive a power switching transistor, and the driver is electrically connected to the processing unit and the power switching transistor respectively. The processing unit controls the operating state of the driver based on the temperature and voltage parameters of the battery cell.

5. The marine starting battery management system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The passive equalization circuit includes: A comparator array is used to compare the voltage of each individual cell, and the comparator array is electrically connected to each individual cell. A switch array for selecting individual cells that need to be balanced, the switch array being electrically connected to the comparator array; A resistor array is used to dissipate the energy of individual cells with higher voltage in the battery cell. The resistor array includes multiple heating resistors and is selectively connected in parallel with any individual cell via the switch array.

6. The marine starting battery management system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The power supply module is used to provide operating power to the processing unit, battery management unit, heating circuit, high-current charge and discharge drive circuit, passive equalization circuit, voltage spike suppression circuit and soft-start circuit; The MOS short-circuit detection module is used to detect the short-circuit state of the power switching transistor in the main power circuit, which is the current path between the battery cell and the load. A low-power sleep module is used to put the system into a sleep state when the battery cell is not used for a long time, so as to reduce static power consumption; The processing unit is also electrically connected to the power supply module, the MOS short-circuit detection module, and the low-power sleep module.

7. The marine starting battery management system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a communication interface circuit and an LED indicator circuit. The communication interface circuit includes a Bluetooth chip and a UART port for realizing wireless and wired data transmission. The LED indicator circuit is used to display the battery's operating status; The processing unit is also electrically connected to the communication interface circuit and the LED indicator circuit, respectively.

8. The marine starting battery management system as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The Bluetooth chip is used to transmit the battery status parameters. The processing unit sends diagnostic information and abnormal alarm data to external devices through the Bluetooth chip. The battery status parameters include voltage parameters, current parameters, temperature parameters, SOC parameters, and SOH parameters.

9. The marine starting battery management system as described in claim 8, characterized in that, When the temperature parameter of the battery cell is lower than the first preset threshold, the processing unit controls the heating circuit to start and suspend the high-current charging and discharging operation. When the voltage difference of a single cell exceeds a second preset threshold, the processing unit initiates passive equalization control. When the charging current drops to the third preset threshold, the processing unit initiates voltage spike suppression control.

10. A marine starting battery system, characterized in that, It includes a battery cell and a marine starting battery management system, the marine starting battery management system being as described in any one of claims 1-9, and the marine starting battery management system being electrically connected to the battery cell.

11. A method for managing marine starting batteries, applied to a marine starting battery management system as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The marine starting battery management method includes the following steps: Collect battery status parameters of the battery cells; When the temperature parameter of the battery cell is lower than the first preset threshold, the control heating circuit is activated and the high-current charging and discharging operation is paused. When the voltage difference of a single cell exceeds the second preset threshold, passive equalization control is activated. When the charging current of the battery cell drops to the third preset threshold, voltage spike suppression control is activated.

12. The marine starting battery management method as described in claim 11, characterized in that, The first preset threshold is -10℃ to 5℃, the second preset threshold is 30mV-100mV, the third preset threshold is 5%-15% of the rated charging current, and the battery state parameters include voltage parameters, current parameters, temperature parameters, SOC parameters and SOH parameters. Passive equalization control is stopped during the start-up of the control heating circuit.

13. The marine starting battery management method as described in claim 11, characterized in that, It also includes the following steps: The battery cell's operating status is displayed via an LED indicator circuit, and detected overcurrent, high temperature, or abnormal discharge status is pushed to an external terminal via Bluetooth communication.

14. The marine starting battery management method as described in claim 11, characterized in that, It also includes the following steps: Based on historical data of battery cell usage and current status parameters, the remaining lifespan of the battery cell is predicted, and the prediction result is output to an external terminal through a communication interface.

15. The marine starting battery management method as described in claim 11, characterized in that, It also includes the following steps: The short-circuit status of the power switch is monitored, and the main power circuit is disconnected when a short circuit is detected. The main power circuit is the current path between the battery cell and the load. When the system detects that the idle time exceeds the set value, the control system enters a low-power mode.

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