Mineral prospecting and drilling method for steep inclined ore deposit

Abstract

The invention discloses a prospecting drilling method for a steeply inclined ore deposit, which comprises the following steps of: firstly, carrying out comprehensive geological survey, acquiring and analyzing geological structure, rock characteristics and ore body distribution, designing a drilling path, downwards drilling on the ground according to a design scheme to form a main drill hole, then forming branch holes at different positions of the main drill hole, and finally, carrying out drilling on the main drill hole. And after exploration of each branch hole is completed, hole sealing operation is carried out. The comb-shaped exploration branch hole structure can obtain geological information of the ore body from multiple angles and positions, compared with traditional single-hole exploration, the shape, thickness change, grade distribution and the like of the ore body can be known in detail, exploration blind areas are effectively reduced, exploration precision is improved, exploration of multiple positions can be completed in the one-time drilling process through the one-hole multi-branch design, and the exploration efficiency is improved. The exploration efficiency is greatly improved, and the exploration time and cost are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mineral exploration technology. Specifically, it is a method for prospecting boreholes for steeply dipping mineral deposits. Background Technology

[0002] In geological exploration, the exploration of steeply dipping deposits is particularly challenging. Traditional vertical exploration borehole structures often fail to meet the precise exploration requirements of steeply dipping deposits. Common problems include: difficulty in obtaining comprehensive geological information from different parts of the ore body, leading to insufficient understanding of the ore body's morphology, thickness, grade variations, etc.; limited exploration range of a single borehole, resulting in low exploration efficiency and requiring significant manpower, material resources, and time costs; and in complex geological conditions, the stability and accuracy of boreholes are difficult to guarantee, easily leading to problems such as borehole deviation and collapse, affecting the reliability of exploration data. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a prospecting drilling method for steeply inclined deposits that can accurately detect steeply inclined deposits by using multiple multi-angle branch boreholes while opening a main borehole.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for prospecting boreholes in steeply inclined ore deposits, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Step A: Preparation stage; Conduct a comprehensive geological survey to obtain and analyze geological structures, rock characteristics and ore body distribution, determine the direction, length and angle parameters of the main borehole and branch boreholes, design the spatial paths of the main borehole and branch boreholes, and form a design scheme;

[0006] Step B: Main borehole drilling: Drill a hole downwards on the ground according to the design plan, and monitor the trajectory data in real time with a drilling rig until the predetermined depth is reached to form the main borehole. Then reinforce and clean the borehole wall.

[0007] Step C: Drilling the first branch hole: Using a directional drill bit, directional drilling is carried out at the bottom of the main borehole toward the target stratum, gradually approaching the target stratum. Then, horizontal drilling is carried out at the target depth until it extends to the target area, forming the first branch hole. By observing rock cuttings and core samples and using geophysical exploration instruments, detailed geological information is recorded to form a complete geological log.

[0008] Step D: Segmented plugging: Raise the current drill bit and remove it from the borehole. Then, lower the plugging support plug into the main borehole. Use grouting equipment to inject sealing material into the borehole below the plugging support plug to plug the first branch hole and part of the main borehole. After grouting is completed, remove the grouting equipment.

[0009] Step E: Second branch hole drilling: a whipstock is lowered into the main borehole to a specified depth, a window mill cone is used to open a window at a predetermined position of the main borehole, and then a lateral drilling tool is used to drill a new borehole by deflecting drilling, after deflecting drilling, horizontal drilling is performed until the target area is extended, forming a second branch hole; geological information is recorded in detail by observing cuttings, cores and using geophysical exploration instruments, and a complete geological log is formed;

[0010] Step F: Nth branch hole drilling: steps D-E are repeated to open branch holes at different depths of the main borehole, and geological information is recorded during drilling;

[0011] Step G: Data collection and analysis: geological samples and geophysical data are continuously collected during drilling, including core, cutting samples and resistivity, gamma ray intensity data, and after comprehensive analysis of the data, the information of the ore body is judged.

[0012] The above-mentioned exploration drilling method for steeply inclined ore deposits, in step D, the blocking support plug is located between the two adjacent branch holes, and the blocking support plug is adjacent to the upper branch hole.

[0013] The above-mentioned exploration drilling method for steeply inclined ore deposits, the blocking support plug comprises a main body, a slip plate and a sealing leather bowl, the sealing leather bowl is sleeved on the main body, the slip plate is arranged around the side wall of the main body, the sealing leather bowl cooperates with the inner wall of the main borehole, the slip plate is supported on the inner wall of the main borehole, a grouting hole is formed through the main body, a one-way valve is installed in the grouting hole, and the one-way valve allows the slurry to flow downward.

[0014] The above-mentioned exploration drilling method for steeply inclined ore deposits, a groove is formed on the surface of the main body, the sealing leather bowl is installed in the groove, the bowl opening of the sealing leather bowl is inclined towards the bottom of the hole, the initial diameter of the sealing leather bowl is smaller than the diameter of the main borehole, a support rod is arranged on the inner wall of the sealing leather bowl, the axis of the support rod intersects with the axis of the main borehole, one end of the support rod is adjacent to the inner wall of the main body, and the other end is close to the hole wall of the main borehole.

[0015] The above-mentioned exploration drilling method for steeply inclined ore deposits, the diameter of the main borehole is greater than the diameter of the deflecting section of the branch hole, and the diameter of the deflecting section of the branch hole is greater than the diameter of the horizontal section of the branch hole.

[0016] The above-mentioned exploration drilling method for steeply inclined ore deposits, in step B, the main borehole is a straight hole, a primary casing is lowered after the main borehole is formed, the blocking support plug is installed in the primary casing and sealed with the inner wall of the primary casing; a secondary casing is lowered after the deflecting section of the branch hole is formed.

[0017] The method for prospecting drilling for steeply inclined ore deposits, the first casing is a steel grade J55 Φ244.5*8.94mm casing, the first casing is fixed to the main drilling hole wall with single liquid cement slurry; the second casing is a steel grade J55 Φ177.8*8.05mm casing, the second casing is fixed to the build-up section hole wall of the branch hole with single liquid cement slurry.

[0018] The method for prospecting drilling for steeply inclined ore deposits, the build-up direction of the branch hole is guided by the guide tool during the opening of the branch hole.

[0019] The method for prospecting drilling for steeply inclined ore deposits, in steps C and E, the adjacent branch holes have a spacing and the horizontal sections are parallel to each other.

[0020] The method for prospecting drilling for steeply inclined ore deposits, each branch hole is uniformly spaced on the axis of the main drilling hole; the branch holes are sequentially opened from bottom to top.

[0021] The technical scheme of the present application achieves the following beneficial technical effects:

[0022] Improve exploration accuracy: the comb-shaped exploration branch hole structure can obtain geological information of the ore body from multiple angles and positions, compared with traditional single-hole exploration, the shape, thickness variation, grade distribution, etc. of the ore body can be understood in more detail, the exploration blind area is effectively reduced, and the exploration accuracy is improved.

[0023] Improve exploration efficiency: the design of one hole with multiple branches can complete exploration at multiple positions in one drilling process, greatly improving the exploration efficiency and reducing the exploration time and cost.

[0024] Enhance the stability of the drilling hole: reasonable design of the main drilling hole and the branch hole, and advanced drilling process and guide system ensure the stability of the drilling hole under complex geological conditions, and reduce the occurrence rate of drilling accidents. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall construction of the present application;

[0026] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the hole sealing operation of the first branch hole of the present application;

[0027] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the installation structure of the plugging support plug of the present application.

[0028] The reference signs in the figure are as follows: 1-drilling machine; 2-roadway; 3-ore deposit; 4-main drilling hole; 5-branch hole; 6-plugging support plug; 61-main body; 62-grouting hole; 63-one-way valve; 64-socket plate; 65-sealing leather bowl. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The prospecting drilling method for steeply inclined deposits in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0030] Step A: Preparation Stage; Conduct a comprehensive geological survey to obtain and analyze geological structures, rock characteristics, and ore body distribution; determine the direction, length, and angle parameters of the main borehole 4 and branch borehole 5; design the spatial paths of the main borehole 4 and branch borehole 5; prepare drilling equipment and materials that meet the requirements, such as drilling rig 1, drill bits, drill rods, guide tools, and measuring instruments, ensuring that the equipment is in good working order and that the height of the equipment matches the height of the tunnel 2; finally, design the spatial paths of the main borehole 4 and branch borehole 5 according to the site conditions to ensure that the boreholes can effectively detect the target ore body.

[0031] Step B: As Figure 1 As shown, the drilling of main borehole 4: According to the design plan, a hole is drilled downwards on the ground. The trajectory data is monitored in real time by a drilling survey instrument until the predetermined depth is reached to form main borehole 4. Then, the borehole wall is reinforced and cleaned. The diameter of main borehole 4 is Φ311.1mm. Main borehole 4 is a straight hole. After the main borehole 4 is opened, a primary casing is installed. The primary casing is a Φ244.5×8.94mm casing of steel grade J55. The primary casing is fixed to the borehole wall of main borehole 4 with single-component cement grout.

[0032] Step C: As Figures 1-2 As shown, the drilling of the first branch hole 5: using a directional drill bit, directional drilling is carried out at the bottom of the main borehole 4 towards the target layer, gradually approaching the target layer, and then horizontal drilling is carried out at the target depth until it extends to the target area, forming the first branch hole 5; by observing rock cuttings and core samples and using geophysical exploration instruments, detailed geological information is recorded to form a complete geological log; a three-section opening is adopted, the diameter of the main borehole 4 is larger than the diameter of the directional section of the branch hole 5, and the diameter of the directional section of the branch hole 5 is larger than the diameter of the horizontal section of the branch hole 5. During the construction of the directional section, the suspension device in the existing technology is used to suspend the secondary casing in the existing primary casing, and then the secondary casing is lowered. The secondary casing is a Φ177.8×8.05mm casing of steel grade J55. The secondary casing and the borehole wall of the directional section of the branch hole 5 are solidified with single-liquid cement grout;

[0033] Step D: As Figure 2 As shown, the segmented plugging process is as follows: The current drilling tool is lifted and removed from the borehole. Then, a plugging support plug 6 is lowered into the main borehole 4. The plugging support plug 6 is installed in the primary casing and seals against the inner wall of the primary casing. Sealing material is injected into the borehole below the plugging support plug 6 using grouting equipment to plug the first branch hole 5 and part of the main borehole 4. After grouting is completed, the grouting equipment is removed.

[0034] Step E: Second branch hole 5 drilling: a whipstock is lowered into the main borehole 4 to a specified depth, a windowing mill cone is used to open a window at a predetermined position of the main borehole 4, and then a lateral drilling tool is used to drill a new borehole, after the build-up of the angle, horizontal drilling is performed until the target area is reached, thus forming the second branch hole 5; geological information is recorded in detail by observing cuttings, cores and using geophysical detection instruments, and a complete geological log is formed;

[0035] Step F: Nth branch hole 5 drilling: steps D-E are repeated to open branch holes 5 at different depths of the main borehole 4, and geological information is recorded while drilling; each branch hole 5 is uniformly spaced on the axis of the main borehole 4; the branch holes 5 are sequentially opened from bottom to top, and the build-up direction of the branch holes 5 is guided by a guide tool during the opening of the branch holes 5; the branch holes 5 have a spacing between the upper and lower adjacent branch holes 5 and the horizontal sections are parallel to each other;

[0036] Step G: Data collection and analysis: geological samples and geophysical data are continuously collected throughout the drilling process, including core, cutting samples and resistivity, gamma ray intensity data, and after comprehensive analysis of the data, the information of the ore body is determined.

[0037] As shown in Figure 2 , the blocking support plug 6 is located between two adjacent branch holes 5, and the blocking support plug 6 is arranged adjacent to the upper branch hole 5; specifically, as shown in Figure 3As shown, the plugging support plug 6 includes a main body 61, a slip plate 64 and a sealing leather bowl 65, the sealing leather bowl 65 is sleeved on the main body 61, the side wall of the main body 61 is provided with the slip plate 64, the sealing leather bowl 65 cooperates with the inner wall of the main borehole 4, the slip plate 64 is supported on the inner wall of the main borehole 4, the main body 61 is provided with a grouting hole 62, a one-way valve 63 is installed in the grouting hole 62, the one-way valve 63 allows the slurry to flow downward; the surface of the main body 61 is provided with a groove, the sealing leather bowl 65 is installed in the groove, the bowl opening of the sealing leather bowl 65 is inclined towards the hole bottom, and the initial diameter of the sealing leather bowl 65 is smaller than the hole diameter of the main borehole 4, a support rod is attached to the inner wall of the sealing leather bowl 65, the axis of the support rod intersects with the axis of the main borehole 4, one end of the support rod is adjacent to the inner wall of the main body 61, and the other end is close to the hole wall of the main borehole 4. The plugging support plug 6 is lowered to a specified depth in the first casing through the steel cable below, one end of the slip plate 64 towards the hole bottom is hinged to the side wall of the main body 61, the slip plate 64 is pushed by the spring and attached to the inner wall of the first casing, the grouting equipment is connected with the grouting hole 62, the hole sealing material enters the main borehole 4 below and the branch hole 5 through the grouting hole 62 and the one-way valve 63, because the initial diameter of the sealing leather bowl 65 is small, that is, there is a gap between the periphery of the sealing leather bowl 65 and the inner wall of the first casing, the gas or the replaced liquid can be discharged upward through the gap, when the lower part is filled with the hole sealing material, the hole sealing material no longer permeates to the surrounding, the injected hole sealing material flows a lot from the gap, pushes the sealing leather bowl 65 to open, the side wall of the sealing leather bowl 65 is completely attached to the inner wall of the first casing to form a seal, at this time, the pressure can be increased to continue grouting and hole sealing, under the action of the slip plate 64, the plugging support plug 6 cannot move towards the hole opening, the sealing leather bowl 65 is opened and attached to the inner wall of the first casing, the support rod is also driven to be inclined and supported between the inner wall of the first casing and the groove wall, under the pushing of the pressure of the hole sealing slurry below, the plugging support plug 6 has an upward thrust, when the subsequent whipstock is lowered, the support positioning effect can be provided, the waiting time for the hole sealing material to solidify is reduced, the construction period is shortened, and each branch hole 5 is probed and plugged, the fissure is filled, the stability of the stratum is enhanced, the disturbance to the upper stratum is reduced, and the subsequent upper exploration operation is ensured to be smoothly conducted.

[0038] During drilling, the orientation is adjusted through the screw drill, the trajectory data inclination, azimuth and depth are monitored in real time through the while-drilling inclinometer, the target layer is gradually approached, the branch hole 5 has a horizontal section with a hole diameter of 152.4 mm, the horizontal section extends through the region of the proposed exploration deposit 3 to obtain relevant information, in the build-up section and the horizontal section of the branch hole 5, the drilling trajectory is accurately controlled by using the guide tool and technology such as MWD and RSS, so that the drilling trajectory meets the design requirements and reaches the expected geological target.

[0039] Obviously, the above embodiments are only examples for clearly illustrating the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Based on the above description, one of ordinary skill in the art can make other different forms of changes or modifications. Here, it is not necessary or possible to enumerate all the embodiments. The obvious changes or modifications derived from the above should be covered in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of exploration drilling for steeply dipping ore bodies, characterised by, The method comprises the following steps: Step A: preparation stage; carry out comprehensive geological survey, obtain and analyze geological structure, rock characteristics and ore body distribution, determine the direction, length and angle parameters of the main borehole (4) and branch borehole (5), design the spatial path of the main borehole (4) and branch borehole (5), and form a design scheme; Step B: main borehole (4) drilling; open a hole downward on the ground according to the design scheme, and monitor the trajectory data in real time through a while-drilling inclinometer until the main borehole (4) is formed to the predetermined depth, and then the hole wall is reinforced and cleaned; Step C: first branch borehole (5) drilling; a build-up drilling is performed at the bottom of the main borehole (4) to the target layer using a pilot bit, the target layer is gradually approached, and then a horizontal drilling is performed at the target depth until the target area is extended to form the first branch borehole (5); geological information is recorded in detail through observation of cuttings, cores and use of geophysical detection instruments to form a complete geological log; Step D: sectional plugging; the current drilling tool is pulled out of the borehole, a plugging support plug (6) is then lowered into the main borehole (4), a grouting device is used to inject grouting material into the borehole below the plugging support plug (6) to plug the first branch borehole (5) and part of the main borehole (4); after grouting is completed, the grouting device is pulled out; Step E: second branch borehole (5) drilling; a whipstock is lowered into the main borehole (4) to a specified depth, a window milling cone is used to open a window at a predetermined position of the main borehole (4), and then a lateral drilling tool is used to perform a build-up drilling to drill a new borehole, a horizontal drilling is performed after the build-up to extend to the target area to form the second branch borehole (5); geological information is recorded in detail through observation of cuttings, cores and use of geophysical detection instruments to form a complete geological log; Step F: Nth branch borehole (5) drilling; steps D-E are repeated to open branch boreholes (5) at different depths of the main borehole (4), and geological information is recorded during drilling; Step G: data collection and analysis; geological samples and geophysical data are continuously collected during the whole drilling process, including core, cutting samples and resistivity, gamma ray intensity data, and ore body information is determined after comprehensive analysis of the data.

2. A method of exploration drilling for steeply dipping ore bodies according to claim 1 wherein, In step D, the plugging support plug (6) is located between two adjacent branch boreholes (5) above and below, and the plugging support plug (6) is arranged adjacent to the upper branch borehole (5).

3. A method of exploration drilling for steeply dipping ore bodies according to claim 2 wherein, The plugging support plug (6) comprises a main body (61), a slip plate (64) and a sealing leather bowl (65), the sealing leather bowl (65) is sleeved on the main body (61), the slip plate (64) is arranged around the side wall of the main body (61), the sealing leather bowl (65) cooperates with the inner wall of the main borehole (4), the slip plate (64) is supported on the inner wall of the main borehole (4), a grouting hole (62) is formed through the main body (61), a one-way valve (63) is installed in the grouting hole (62), and the one-way valve (63) allows the grouting liquid to flow downward.

4. A method of exploration drilling for steeply dipping ore bodies according to claim 3 wherein, The main body (61) is provided with a groove on the surface, the sealing cup (65) is installed in the groove, the bowl opening of the sealing cup (65) is inclined towards the hole bottom, the initial diameter of the sealing cup (65) is smaller than the hole diameter of the main borehole (4), a support rod is arranged on the inner wall of the sealing cup (65), the axis of the support rod intersects with the axis of the main borehole (4), one end of the support rod is adjacent to the inner wall of the main body (61), and the other end is close to the hole wall of the main borehole (4).

5. A method of exploration drilling for steeply dipping ore bodies according to claim 1 wherein, The hole diameter of the main borehole (4) is larger than the hole diameter of the build-up section of the branch hole (5), and the hole diameter of the build-up section of the branch hole (5) is larger than the hole diameter of the horizontal section of the branch hole (5).

6. A method of exploration drilling for steeply dipping ore bodies as claimed in claim 5 wherein, In step B, the main borehole (4) is a straight hole, a primary casing is lowered after the main borehole (4) is opened, the plugging support plug (6) is installed in the primary casing and sealingly cooperates with the inner wall of the primary casing, and a secondary casing is lowered after the build-up section of the branch hole (5) is opened.

7. A method of exploration drilling for steeply dipping ore bodies as claimed in claim 6 wherein, The primary casing is a Φ244.5*8.94mm casing of steel grade J55, the primary casing is cemented with single liquid cement slurry with the hole wall of the main borehole (4), the secondary casing is a Φ177.8*8.05mm casing of steel grade J55, and the secondary casing is cemented with single liquid cement slurry with the hole wall of the build-up section of the branch hole (5).

8. A method of exploration drilling for steeply dipping ore bodies according to claim 1 wherein, The build-up direction of the branch hole (5) is guided by a guiding tool during the opening of the branch hole (5).

9. A method of exploration drilling for steeply dipping ore bodies according to claim 8 wherein, In steps C and E, the adjacent branch holes (5) have a spacing and the horizontal sections are parallel to each other.

10. A method of exploration drilling for steeply dipping ore bodies according to claim 1 wherein, The branch holes (5) are uniformly spaced on the axis of the main borehole (4), and the branch holes (5) are sequentially opened from bottom to top.

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