H2S leakage risk dynamic monitoring and early warning method and system

Abstract

The invention discloses an H2S leakage risk dynamic monitoring and early warning method and system, and relates to the technical field of safety monitoring. The method comprises the following steps: arranging monitoring points in a risk area with H2S leakage; performing risk assessment on the H2S leakage source based on the monitoring data of the monitoring point; and realizing H2S leakage risk dynamic monitoring and early warning based on a risk assessment result. The real H2S leakage condition can be simulated through the simulation test device, the H2S leakage risk can be recognized in time through a monitoring and early warning method, corresponding measures are taken, and the safety of a working place is guaranteed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of safety monitoring, and particularly relates to a H2S leakage risk dynamic monitoring and early warning method and system. BACKGROUND

[0002] H2S is a highly toxic substance, and its threshold mass concentration is only 15mg / m 3 When inhaling H2S with a concentration of 1000mg / m 3 Lightning death occurs within a few seconds. H2S leakage is one of the important disasters in the production and development of the oil and petrochemical industry, and has the characteristics of strong concealment, suddenness and great harm. Once H2S leaks and diffuses in a large area, it may cause acute and major personnel casualty accidents, seriously threatening the on-site workers, and even causing public harm. H2S gas leakage is often sudden, resulting in uncertainty of leakage time, leakage location and leakage environment.

[0003] Some research institutions and scholars have carried out related research on toxic gas leakage. Qingdao Anqin Institute proposed a simulation test device and simulation test method for hazard gas detectors, which can simulate different temperature conditions, different smoke concentrations, different wind flow conditions, different measured gas concentrations and other working conditions, and can simulate the sensitivity of the gas detector to the measured gas, so as to estimate the coverage rate of the gas detector. Tsinghua University provided an improved method for simulating light gas diffusion by using Calpuff model, obtained accident source information and environmental information, and collected the accident source information and environmental information; optimized the emission height parameter and the settling velocity parameter in the collection process; input the optimized parameters into the Calpuff model to obtain the light gas concentration field result. Shenyang Environmental Science Research Institute provided a gas substance leakage simulation experiment device, which includes a gas generation unit, and the technical points are as follows: the input end of the gas generation unit is connected with an air inlet and a risk substance adding unit respectively, the output end of the gas generation unit is connected with the input end of a simulation experiment space unit, the input end of the simulation experiment space unit is also connected with a temperature and humidity simulation environment adjusting unit, and detection probes are uniformly distributed in the simulation experiment space unit; the output end of the simulation experiment space unit is connected with the input end of a data analysis unit through a data receiving unit; and the output end of the simulation experiment space unit is also connected with a gas recovery unit and an input end of a liquid recovery unit through a spraying unit respectively.

[0004] In an emergency, it is necessary to determine the unknown leakage source in the shortest time to further determine the emergency evacuation area and safety distance, and provide a basis for emergency decision-making. Using H2S monitoring information, the H2S leakage diffusion source term information is calculated, the leakage source position and leakage intensity are quickly and accurately provided, and the H2S leakage diffusion range is predicted, which can provide strong data support for on-site emergency rescue, help H2S leakage risk warning and emergency disposal decision-making, and reduce personnel casualties caused by H2S leakage. In addition, the traditional H2S leakage gas prediction and warning is mostly based on point sensors, and less considers linear sensors. Linear sensors can obtain H2S leakage information more quickly due to their large measurement range. Therefore, it is necessary and meaningful to carry out H2S leakage diffusion range prediction based on H2S linear sensors.

[0005] The main reason why traditional solutions rarely use linear sensors is that linear sensors are more complex and expensive than point sensors. Linear sensors need to cover a larger measurement range and usually require more calibration and maintenance work. In addition, the installation and use of linear sensors are more complex and require more technical support and professional knowledge. Therefore, in the past, it was not a common choice to use linear sensors for gas leakage prediction and warning.

[0006] Current H2S risk dynamic monitoring and warning methods usually use fixed-point monitoring, that is, H2S sensors are set up for fixed-point monitoring in areas where H2S leakage may occur. The sensor can detect the concentration of H2S in the air in real time and transmit the data to the central monitoring system for processing and analysis. When the concentration of H2S exceeds the set safety threshold, the system will issue an alarm to remind personnel to take appropriate emergency measures.

[0007] Research has found that in the risk assessment process, professional risk assessment models and algorithms are used to analyze the possibility and impact of H2S leakage and to judge the risk level of the leakage. However, existing solutions may face the following difficulties:

[0008] Data inaccuracy: The accuracy of monitoring data is crucial for risk assessment. However, monitoring equipment may have errors, or data collection may be disturbed, resulting in inaccurate data. In addition, the arrangement of monitoring points may not be sufficient or reasonable, affecting the completeness and representativeness of monitoring data. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of poor accuracy of risk assessment, the present application provides a new risk assessment algorithm. SUMMARY

[0009] The application aims to provide a H2S leakage risk dynamic monitoring and early warning method and system, which can simulate real H2S leakage conditions through a simulation test device, identify H2S leakage risks in time through a monitoring and early warning method, and take corresponding measures to ensure the safety of a workplace.

[0010] The application provides a H2S leakage risk dynamic monitoring and early warning method, which comprises,

[0011] Monitoring points are arranged in a risk area of H2S leakage.

[0012] Risk assessment is performed on the H2S leakage source based on monitoring data of the monitoring points.

[0013] H2S leakage risk dynamic monitoring and early warning are realized based on the result of the risk assessment.

[0014] Further, the arrangement of the monitoring points comprises:

[0015] A plurality of gas sensors are arranged at key positions in the leakage area and the surrounding area to collect concentration data of H2S gas in real time.

[0016] A H2S leakage space diffusion model is constructed based on the concentration data of H2S gas, environmental conditions and gas diffusion rules.

[0017] The influence of wind direction and wind speed on H2S leakage diffusion is determined based on wind field simulation.

[0018] The monitoring points are arranged based on the H2S leakage space diffusion model and the influence of wind direction and wind speed on H2S leakage diffusion.

[0019] Further, the arrangement of the monitoring points further comprises:

[0020] Key positions that may be affected by gas leakage are determined according to the layout of the workplace, the positions of key equipment and the activity range of workers, and monitoring points are set at the key positions; or,

[0021] Monitoring points are set in airtight spaces and low-ventilation areas.

[0022] Further, the risk assessment on the H2S leakage source based on the monitoring data of the monitoring points comprises,

[0023] The risk assessment on the H2S leakage source is performed through the concentration of hydrogen sulfide gas in the leakage area, the sensitivity of human body to H2S gas, the risk frequency of leakage accidents, the risk accumulation effect, the exposure time of individuals to H2S gas and the spatio-temporal variation of risks.

[0024] Further, the risk assessment is expressed by a risk index:

[0025]

[0026] wherein, RiskIndex represents the risk index, C represents the H2S concentration in the leakage area, W1 represents the weight of the H2S concentration; S represents the sensitivity, W2 represents the weight of the sensitivity, F represents the risk frequency, W3 represents the weight of the risk frequency, E represents the risk cumulative effect, W4 represents the weight of the risk cumulative effect, T represents the individual exposure time, W5 represents the weight of the exposure time, V represents the risk space-time change, and W6 represents the weight of the risk space-time change.

[0027] Further,

[0028] wherein, L represents the individual exposure limit value, G represents the safety guidance value; and / or,

[0029]

[0030] wherein, E L represents the individual exposure limit value, S L represents the safety guidance value; and / or,

[0031]

[0032] wherein, N represents the number of accidents, t represents the total number of tests; and / or,

[0033]

[0034] wherein, C1 represents the contribution value of the leakage source 1, C2 represents the contribution value of the leakage source 2, C n represents the contribution value of the leakage source n, C T represents the total contribution value; and / or,

[0035]

[0036] wherein, T represents the individual exposure time, T E represents the total exposure time; and / or,

[0037]

[0038] wherein, R I represents the risk index, R L represents the minimum risk index, R H represents the maximum risk index.

[0039] Further, based on the results of the risk assessment, the dynamic monitoring and early warning of H2S leakage risk is realized, including:

[0040] According to the results of risk assessment, the numerical range of risk index is obtained;

[0041] Based on the numerical range of the risk index, the risk is divided into different levels;

[0042] According to the division of risk levels, corresponding measures are taken to reduce or eliminate risks.

[0043] Further, the risk is divided into different levels, including:

[0044] According to the numerical range and distribution of the risk index, the boundary value of each risk level is determined; wherein, according to the range of gas concentration, the lower concentration is divided into low risk, the medium concentration is divided into medium risk, and the high concentration is divided into high risk; and / or,

[0045] Considering the influence degree of risk on personnel and environment, the risk which seriously affects personnel safety and environment is divided into high risk, and the risk which has less influence on personnel and environment is divided into low risk; and / or,

[0046] According to the requirements of relevant regulations and standards, the corresponding risk level division standard is formulated.

[0047] The application also provides a H2S leakage risk dynamic monitoring and early warning system, the system comprises,

[0048] The monitoring arrangement module is used to arrange monitoring points in the risk area of H2S leakage;

[0049] The risk assessment module is used to perform risk assessment on the H2S leakage source based on the monitoring data of the monitoring points;

[0050] The monitoring and early warning module is used to realize H2S leakage risk dynamic monitoring and early warning based on the results of risk assessment.

[0051] Further, the risk assessment module performs the following steps,

[0052] The H2S leakage source is assessed by the concentration of hydrogen sulfide gas in the leakage area, the sensitivity of human body to H2S gas, the risk frequency of leakage accident, the risk accumulation effect, the risk accumulation effect, the exposure time of individual to H2S gas and the risk space-time change.

[0053] The technical effects and advantages of the application are as follows:

[0054] Sensitivity and accuracy: the sensitivity and accuracy of H2S sensor are the key of monitoring and early warning method. The linear sensor used in the application can quickly and accurately detect low concentration of H2S, and has high sensitivity and stability, so as to avoid false alarm or missed alarm.

[0055] Data processing and analysis: The monitoring system needs to be able to process and analyze a large amount of monitoring data to extract useful information and trends, and provide scientific basis for decision-making. The present application can effectively process and analyze monitoring data, accurately assess risks and predict possible leakage.

[0056] The present application preferably uses a linear sensor, which has the following advantages:

[0057] Wider measurement range: Linear sensors can cover a wider measurement range, and can more accurately capture H2S gas leakage, which is very advantageous for large-scale leakage prediction.

[0058] Fast response: Linear sensors can quickly obtain gas leakage information, and can provide more timely warning and response measures in a short time.

[0059] Improved accuracy: Because linear sensors have a wider coverage range, they can improve the accuracy of gas leakage prediction and reduce false positives and false negatives.

[0060] Improved safety: By using linear sensors to predict the leakage diffusion range, the safety of the workplace can be improved, and the risk of accidents can be reduced.

[0061] Therefore, it is necessary and meaningful to predict the diffusion range of H2S leakage based on H2S linear sensors, which can improve the accuracy and timeliness of early warning and ensure the safety of personnel and facilities.

[0062] Other features and advantages of the present application will be described in the following description, and some will become apparent from the description, or will be understood by those skilled in the art. The purpose and other advantages of the present application can be achieved and obtained by the structure indicated in the specification and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0063] Figure 1 Flow chart of the H2S leakage risk dynamic monitoring and early warning method of the present application;

[0064] Figure 2 Sensor and H2S leakage area position diagram in the specific embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, not all. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0066] To solve the problems in the prior art, the present application discloses a kind of H2S leakage risk dynamic monitoring and early warning method, as shown in Figure 1 The method comprises the following steps: step 1, arranging monitoring points in the risk area of H2S leakage; step 2, risk assessment of the H2S leakage source based on the monitoring data of the monitoring points; step 3, realizing H2S leakage risk dynamic monitoring and early warning based on the results of the risk assessment.

[0067] Research has found that, in the risk assessment process, professional risk assessment models and algorithms are used to analyze the possibility and impact of H2S leakage, and to determine the risk level of leakage. However, the existing scheme may face the following difficulties:

[0068] Data inaccuracy: The accuracy of monitoring data is crucial for risk assessment. However, monitoring equipment may have errors, or data collection process may be disturbed, resulting in inaccurate data. In addition, the arrangement of monitoring points may not be sufficient or reasonable, affecting the completeness and representativeness of monitoring data.

[0069] In some embodiments of the present application, for step 1: arranging monitoring points in the risk area of H2S leakage, the positions of the monitoring points should cover the entire workplace or the area where leakage may occur, to ensure comprehensive monitoring. According to the layout of the workplace, the positions of key equipment and the activity range of workers, determine the key positions that may be affected by gas leakage, and set monitoring points at the key positions; or set monitoring points in enclosed spaces and low-ventilation areas. Specifically as follows:

[0070] Step 101: arranging multiple gas sensors at key positions in the leakage area and its surroundings, collecting H2S gas concentration data in real time, and preprocessing the collected data, including removing outliers, correcting sensor errors, etc.; the gas sensor is preferably a linear sensor; wherein,

[0071] Determine the key positions in the leakage area and its surroundings, and accurately arrange gas sensors, according to the following steps:

[0072] Step 1011: Conducting leakage simulation test: By conducting H2S leakage simulation test, the diffusion range and propagation path of H2S gas can be determined. In the test, the concentration of H2S gas at different time points and different distances can be recorded.

[0073] Step 1012: Gas diffusion simulation: Using gas diffusion simulation software, combined with test data, simulate the diffusion of H2S gas in the leakage area. Through simulation, the concentration distribution of H2S gas at different positions and different heights can be determined.

[0074] Step 1013: Analyze wind direction and speed: Consider external environmental factors such as wind direction and speed. Determine the direction and speed of gas diffusion through meteorological data or wind field simulation. This will help determine the gas propagation path and key locations.

[0075] Step 1014: Consider key equipment and personnel locations: Determine key locations that may be affected by gas leaks based on workplace layout, location of critical equipment, and activity range of workers. These locations may include operating stations, emergency exits, work areas, etc.

[0076] Step 1015: Consider enclosed spaces and low ventilation areas: Pay special attention to enclosed spaces and low ventilation areas, as these areas have slower gas diffusion rates and may accumulate high concentrations of gas. Placing gas sensors in these areas can detect high concentrations of H2S gas in advance.

[0077] Step 1016: Place gas sensors based on the above analysis results: Based on the previous steps, determine the leakage area and surrounding key locations, then place gas sensors in these locations according to actual needs and monitoring requirements. The number and location of sensors should ensure that the entire leakage area is covered and dangerous gas can be detected in advance.

[0078] When placing gas sensors, the following factors should also be considered:

[0079] Sensor sensitivity and response time: Choose sensors with sufficient sensitivity and fast response to ensure timely detection of dangerous gas.

[0080] Sensor placement height: Choose appropriate sensor placement height based on gas density and diffusion characteristics to maximize coverage of areas where gas may accumulate.

[0081] Sensor communication and data recording: Connect sensors to monitoring systems to ensure real-time monitoring of gas concentration and record relevant data.

[0082] Through the above steps and considerations, precise placement of gas sensors in the leakage area and surrounding key locations can be achieved, allowing early detection and warning of the presence of dangerous gas.

[0083] Step 102: Based on H2S gas concentration data, environmental conditions and gas diffusion rules, build an H2S leakage space diffusion model; CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation method or other related models can be used to simulate the propagation and diffusion process of gas.

[0084] Where the use of CFD or other related models to simulate the propagation and diffusion of gas can be carried out through the following steps:

[0085] Determine the geometry and boundary conditions of the model: First, the geometry and boundary conditions of the model need to be determined. For H2S leakage simulation, the location, shape and size of the leakage source, as well as the geometry and boundary conditions of the surrounding environment, such as buildings, terrain, wind field, etc., need to be considered.

[0086] Establish a gas diffusion model: According to the leakage source and environmental conditions, establish a gas diffusion model. Choose appropriate mathematical models such as turbulence models and diffusion models to describe the motion and propagation of gas.

[0087] Meshing: Divide the model area into small discrete units and establish a mesh. The meshing needs to be selected according to the complexity of the model and the accuracy of the solution. For complex geometry and boundary conditions, structured or unstructured meshes may be used.

[0088] Numerical solution: According to the selected mathematical model and meshing, use CFD software or other related models for numerical solution. In the process of numerical solution, the motion equation, mass conservation equation and energy conservation equation of the fluid, as well as the diffusion equation, etc. need to be considered.

[0089] Boundary conditions and initial value conditions setting: Set appropriate boundary conditions and initial value conditions. Boundary conditions include inlet boundary conditions, outlet boundary conditions and wall boundary conditions, etc., which describe the behavior of gas on the boundary. Initial value conditions are used to describe the distribution state of gas at the initial time.

[0090] Solve and analyze the results: Perform numerical solution and analyze the results. According to the simulation results, the concentration distribution, velocity distribution and pressure distribution of H2S gas in the model area can be obtained. Visualization tools and charts can be used to display the simulation results.

[0091] It should be noted that the physical and chemical properties of H2S, such as density, viscosity, diffusion coefficient, etc. need to be considered in the simulation process. The accuracy of the simulation results is also affected by the model assumptions and boundary conditions, so reasonable verification and adjustment are needed. At the same time, the calculation resources and time cost in the simulation process need to be considered, and appropriate solution method and calculation strategy need to be selected.

[0092] In summary, using CFD or other related models to simulate the propagation and diffusion of gas needs to determine the geometry and boundary conditions of the model, establish the gas diffusion model, perform meshing, perform numerical solution, set boundary conditions and initial value conditions, and finally solve and analyze the results. This way, detailed information about the propagation and diffusion of H2S leakage can be obtained, and valuable data for risk assessment can be provided.

[0093] Step 103: Based on the wind field simulation, determine the impact of wind direction and wind speed on H2S leakage diffusion; Specifically: Combine meteorological data, use numerical weather prediction models or real-time meteorological data to simulate the distribution and changes of wind field. Considering the influence of wind speed, wind direction and other factors on H2S leakage diffusion.

[0094] Wind field simulation is a method that uses numerical weather prediction models or real-time meteorological data to simulate the distribution and changes of wind field. It can help us better understand the impact of wind on H2S leakage diffusion, so as to determine the influence of wind direction and wind speed on the path and speed of leaked gas propagation.

[0095] Here is the detailed expansion:

[0096] Numerical weather prediction model: Numerical weather prediction is a method that uses mathematical models to simulate the movement of the atmosphere. This model is based on equations of atmospheric dynamics and thermodynamics, and by analyzing atmospheric phenomena and processes, it can predict the weather in the future. Numerical weather prediction model usually uses meteorological observation data (such as temperature, wind speed, wind direction, etc.) as input, then runs the model to calculate the atmospheric movement in the future, including wind field distribution and changes.

[0097] Real-time meteorological data: In addition to using numerical weather prediction models, real-time meteorological data can also be used to simulate wind fields. Real-time meteorological data can be obtained through meteorological sensors, weather radars and other devices. These data can provide current wind speed, wind direction and other meteorological information. By collecting and analyzing these data, we can obtain the near real-time wind field distribution.

[0098] Simulate wind field distribution and changes: Based on numerical weather prediction models or real-time meteorological data, wind field simulation can be carried out. The model will consider the speed, direction and distance of gas diffusion, as well as the influence of wind, to calculate the concentration distribution of gas at different locations and heights. The simulation results can be used to predict the propagation path and speed of H2S gas, helping to determine the leakage area and key positions around it.

[0099] Consider the impact of wind speed and wind direction on leakage diffusion: Wind speed and wind direction are the most important parameters in wind field simulation. Wind speed determines the propagation speed of gas, while wind direction determines the propagation direction of gas. According to different combinations of wind speed and wind direction, the propagation path and speed of H2S gas will change. By simulating the wind field, we can predict the concentration distribution of H2S gas at different locations according to different wind speed and wind direction conditions.

[0100] Comprehensive analysis combined with other factors: In addition to wind speed and direction, other factors that affect gas propagation should also be considered. For example, terrain, buildings, vegetation, etc. can affect the propagation path and speed of gas. Therefore, when simulating the wind field, these factors should also be considered comprehensively, and adjustments and corrections should be made according to the actual situation.

[0101] Step 104: Based on the H2S leakage space diffusion model and the influence of wind direction and wind speed on H2S leakage diffusion, arrange monitoring points.

[0102] Through wind field simulation, the influence of wind on H2S leakage diffusion can be more accurately understood, which helps to determine the influence of wind direction and wind speed on the path and speed of the propagation of the leaked gas. This will help to accurately arrange gas sensors and early detect and warn the presence of dangerous gas.

[0103] In some embodiments of the present application, for step 2: based on the monitoring data of the monitoring points, the risk assessment of the H2S leakage source is carried out, and the possibility and influence degree of H2S leakage are analyzed by using professional risk assessment algorithm to judge the risk degree of leakage.

[0104] Among them, the risk of the H2S leakage source is assessed by the concentration of hydrogen sulfide gas in the leakage area, the sensitivity of human body to H2S gas, the risk frequency of leakage accident, the risk cumulative effect, the risk cumulative effect, the exposure time of individual to H2S gas and the risk space-time change.

[0105] Step 201, real-time monitoring: use gas detector and other equipment to carry out real-time monitoring on each monitoring point to obtain H2S gas concentration data. The monitoring data can be transmitted to the data center or control center through wired or wireless way.

[0106] Step 202, data transmission and processing: transmit the monitoring data to the data center or control center for processing and analysis. Real-time data can be transmitted to the cloud for centralized management and analysis by using network transmission technology.

[0107] Step 203, risk assessment: according to the monitoring data, the risk assessment is carried out, the possibility and influence degree of H2S leakage are analyzed by using professional risk assessment algorithm to judge the risk degree of leakage. Specifically including:

[0108] According to the risk assessment algorithm, the risk index of each position is calculated (wherein the position can be divided according to the demand, for example, a leakage area is divided into 4 positions according to the demand, and the risk index of each position is calculated according to the following formula group respectively to obtain the corresponding risk index of each position. Further, a final risk value can be further determined according to the risk indexes of the 4 positions, which can be set according to the demand, such as the average method of averaging the risk indexes of the 4 positions). The risk index can be a weighted value based on H2S concentration and exposure time, or other factors such as personnel density, safety area, etc.

[0109] Considering that the weight of the risk parameter is usually a value set by a person and the weight is usually a fixed value, the calculation accuracy of the risk index is poor, and the risk assessment algorithm provided by the present application has a variable weight for each risk parameter, thereby improving the calculation accuracy of the risk index.

[0110] In some embodiments of the present application, the risk assessment is represented by a risk index:

[0111]

[0112] In the formula, RiskIndex represents the risk index, C represents the H2S concentration in the leakage area, W1 represents the weight of the H2S concentration; S represents the sensitivity, W2 represents the weight of the sensitivity, F represents the risk frequency, W3 represents the weight of the risk frequency, E represents the risk cumulative effect, W4 represents the weight of the risk cumulative effect, T represents the individual exposure time, W5 represents the weight of the exposure time, V represents the risk space-time change, and W6 represents the weight of the risk space-time change.

[0113] Formula (1) is the core of the entire algorithm, which is used to calculate the risk index. It comprehensively considers H2S concentration (C), sensitivity (S), risk frequency (F), risk cumulative effect (E), exposure time (T) and risk space-time change (V) and other factors, and calculates the final risk index according to their weights. It should be noted that other factors can also be set, without limitation. Among them, the H2S concentration refers to the concentration of hydrogen sulfide gas in the environment, which can be measured by using H2S sensor and other gas measuring equipment; the sensitivity refers to the individual's perception ability or reaction degree to H2S gas, which can be determined by observation and evaluation of human physiological and psychological reactions. The risk frequency refers to the number of accidents, which can be calculated by statistical analysis of historical accident data or risk assessment model.

[0114] Risk accumulation effect refers to the cumulative impact of different leakage sources on risk, which can be calculated based on the contribution value of each leakage source, which can be obtained through risk assessment models or measured data.

[0115] Exposure time refers to the time an individual is exposed to H2S gas, which can be determined by monitoring the individual's working time in the workplace.

[0116] Risk spatiotemporal variation refers to the variation of risk index (RI) at different locations or times, which can be determined by monitoring and evaluating the risk index at different locations or time points.

[0117]

[0118] In the formula, L represents the individual exposure limit value, and G represents the safety guidance value. Formula (2) calculates the weight of H2S concentration. It is based on the individual exposure limit value (L), the safety guidance value (G), and the H2S concentration (C), and is used to determine the degree of influence of H2S concentration on the risk index. Among them, the individual exposure limit value refers to the highest limit value of the acceptable H2S concentration for an individual within a certain time, which is usually determined according to the regulations, standards or guidelines of the country or region.

[0119] The safety guidance value refers to the recommended value of the acceptable H2S concentration for an individual within a certain time, which is usually determined according to the regulations, standards or guidelines of the country or region.

[0120]

[0121] In the formula, W2 represents the sensitivity weight, E L represents the individual exposure limit value, S L represents the safety guidance value; this formula calculates the weight of sensitivity. It is based on the individual exposure limit value (E L ), the safety guidance value (S L ), and the H2S concentration (C), and is used to determine the degree of influence of sensitivity on the risk index. Among them, the individual exposure limit value (E L ) refers to the highest limit value of the acceptable H2S concentration for an individual within a certain time, which has the same meaning as the individual exposure limit value (L). The safety guidance value (S L ) refers to the recommended value of the acceptable H2S concentration for an individual within a certain time, which has the same meaning as the safety guidance value (G).

[0122]

[0123] where W3 represents the risk frequency weight, N represents the number of incidents, and t represents the total number of tests; this formula calculates the weight of risk frequency. It is based on the number of incidents (N) and the total number of tests (t) to determine the degree of influence of risk frequency on the risk index. The number of incidents refers to the number of H2S leakage incidents that occur within a certain time range, which can be obtained by statistical analysis of historical accident data. The total number of tests refers to the total number of H2S leakage tests conducted within a certain time range, which can be obtained by statistical analysis of test records.

[0124]

[0125] where W4 represents the risk cumulative effect weight, C1 represents the contribution value of leak source 1, C2 represents the contribution value of leak source 2, and Cn represents the contribution value of leak source n; this formula calculates the weight of risk cumulative effect. It is based on the contribution value (C1, C2,..., Cn) of each leak source and the total contribution value (Ctotal) to determine the degree of influence of risk cumulative effect on the risk index. n T n T where Ctotal represents the total contribution value; this formula calculates the weight of risk cumulative effect. It is based on the contribution value (C1, C2,..., Cn) of each leak source and the total contribution value (Ctotal) to determine the degree of influence of risk cumulative effect on the risk index.

[0126] where the contribution value of leak source 1, 2,..., n refers to the degree of contribution of each leak source to the risk index, which can be estimated and calculated through risk assessment models or actual measurement data.

[0127] The total contribution value refers to the sum of the contribution values of all leak sources, which can be obtained by adding the contribution values of each leak source.

[0128] Specifically, the contribution value of a leak source refers to the degree of influence of each leak source on the overall risk, which can usually be estimated and calculated through risk assessment models or actual measurement data. The specific method of calculating the degree of contribution depends on the selected risk assessment model or the analysis method of actual measurement data. Here are some common methods:

[0129] Risk assessment model: Some models specifically designed for gas leakage risk assessment (such as FEM, CFD, etc.) can simulate the impact of different leak sources on the H2S concentration in the environment. Through these models, the degree of contribution of each leak source to the surrounding H2S concentration can be calculated.

[0130] Actual measurement data: In actual gas leakage events, actual concentration data of different leak sources can be obtained through on-site monitoring and sampling. Through analysis of these data, the degree of influence of each leak source on the overall risk can be estimated.

[0131] ​​​The specific method of calculating the contribution level may vary depending on the application scenario and specific circumstances, but in general, it can be estimated by simulation calculation or analysis of measured data. Such contribution values can serve as an important basis for risk assessment and control decision-making, helping to determine key monitoring areas and develop targeted emergency plans.

[0132]

[0133] where T represents individual exposure time, T E represents total exposure time; this formula calculates the weight of exposure time. It is based on individual exposure time (T) and total exposure time (T E ), used to determine the degree of influence of exposure time on the risk index.

[0134] where individual exposure time (T) refers to the total time an individual is exposed to a harmful substance (such as H2S gas) within a certain time frame. This time refers to the length of time an individual is exposed to harmful substances in the workplace, such as within a day, week, or month. Individual exposure time is usually used to assess the individual's risk exposure level.

[0135] Total exposure time (T E ) refers to the total time all individuals are exposed to a harmful substance within a certain time frame. This time refers to the length of time all individuals are exposed to harmful substances in the workplace, usually referring to the total exposure time of all individuals within a certain organization or a specific area. Total exposure time is usually used to assess the overall risk exposure level.

[0136] The difference lies in that individual exposure time (T) refers to the exposure time of a single individual within a certain time frame, while total exposure time (T E ) refers to the total exposure time of all individuals within the same time frame. Individual exposure time focuses more on individual exposure, while total exposure time focuses more on overall exposure level.

[0137]

[0138] where R I represents the risk index, R L represents the minimum risk index, and R H represents the maximum risk index. This formula calculates the weight of risk spatiotemporal variation. It is based on the risk index (R I ), the minimum risk index (R L ), and the maximum risk index (R H ), used to determine the degree of influence of risk spatiotemporal variation on the risk index.

[0139] where R IRiskIndex) is the result calculated based on the parameters in the formula, used to assess the risk level at different locations or times. That is, W6 can be dynamically adjusted according to the RiskIndex result.

[0140] The minimum risk index is a threshold for the lower risk level determined in the risk assessment process, used to determine whether the risk index reaches or exceeds this threshold, which can be set according to demand.

[0141] The maximum risk index is a threshold for the higher risk level determined in the risk assessment process, used to determine whether the risk index reaches or exceeds this threshold, which can be set according to demand.

[0142] The setting of these parameters and weights is based on a comprehensive consideration of the risk of H2S leakage and their actual impact on the risk index. By considering these factors and dynamically adjusting their weights, the risk level of H2S leakage can be more accurately assessed, which helps to improve the safety of the workplace.

[0143] Compared with the traditional weight, which is usually set by experts to a relatively fixed weight, such as W6, the traditional scheme can be set to a fixed value such as 0.3, while the present application sets the risk index (R I ), the minimum risk index (R L ) and the maximum risk index (R H ) based on the real-time determination of the parameters, dynamically adjusts the result of W6, so that the final calculation of RiskIndex (i.e. evaluation index) is more accurate.

[0144] In addition, the benefits of setting the risk assessment algorithm include the following points:

[0145] Dynamic weight: The weight of each risk parameter in this algorithm changes from time to time, and is adjusted according to the actual situation. This can more accurately reflect the influence of different risk parameters on the risk index, improving the accuracy of the risk index calculation.

[0146] Comprehensive consideration of multiple factors: This algorithm considers multiple factors such as H2S concentration, exposure time, personnel density, safety area, etc. By weighting these factors, the risk can be more comprehensively assessed, and flexible adjustments can be made according to the actual situation.

[0147] Customizability: The weights in this algorithm can be customized, and can be adjusted according to different working environments and needs. This makes the algorithm more adaptable, and can be applied to different scenarios and applications.

[0148] Improving the accuracy of early warning: By using the algorithm to calculate the risk index, the risk level can be more accurately assessed. This helps to discover potential risks in a timely manner and take appropriate measures to reduce risks, improving the safety of the workplace.

[0149] In summary, the setting of the risk assessment algorithm can improve the accuracy of risk index calculation, comprehensively consider multiple factors, and dynamically adjust according to actual conditions, thereby improving the accuracy and timeliness of early warning and reducing the probability of potential risks.

[0150] In some embodiments of the present application, step 3: based on the results of the risk assessment, realize the dynamic monitoring and early warning of H2S leakage risk, according to the risk assessment results, trigger the early warning system, issue alarm signals, and remind relevant personnel to take measures; the early warning system can include sound and light alarms, mobile phone SMS notifications, electronic display screens and other forms to ensure timely response and processing. The specific steps include: according to the results of risk assessment, obtaining the numerical range of risk index; based on the numerical range of the risk index, dividing the risk into different levels, such as low risk, medium risk and high risk; according to the division of risk levels, take appropriate measures to reduce or eliminate risks.

[0151] Risk level division is a method of dividing risks into different levels according to the numerical range of risk index. Through risk level division, we can better understand and evaluate the severity of risks, and take appropriate measures to reduce or eliminate risks. Here is a detailed expansion:

[0152] Determine risk indicators: First, one or more risk indicators need to be determined to measure the size of the risk. These indicators can be quantitative, such as gas concentration, leakage rate, etc., or qualitative, such as the severity of leakage consequences, personnel exposure time, etc. According to actual conditions and needs, select appropriate indicators to assess risks.

[0153] Divide risk levels: According to the numerical range of risk indicators, divide risks into different levels. Generally, risk levels can be divided into low risk, medium risk and high risk levels. The specific division criteria can be set according to actual needs and standards. The division criteria can be determined based on experience, expert opinions, regulatory requirements, etc.

[0154] Develop risk level division criteria: When developing risk level division criteria, the following factors can be considered:

[0155] Range and distribution of risk indicators: According to the numerical range and distribution of risk indicators, determine the boundary value of each risk level. For example, according to the range of gas concentration, lower concentration is classified as low risk, medium concentration is classified as medium risk, and high concentration is classified as high risk.

[0156] Risk impact on personnel and environment: Consider the degree of impact on personnel and environment, and classify risks that seriously affect personnel safety and environment as high risk, and risks that have less impact on personnel and environment as low risk.

[0157] Regulatory and standard requirements: According to the requirements of relevant regulations and standards, formulate corresponding risk classification standards. For example, according to the occupational safety and health management system standard, risks are divided into three levels of low, medium and high.

[0158] Application of risk level: According to the classification of risk level, corresponding measures can be taken to reduce or eliminate risk. For example, low risk can take some basic protective measures and operation specifications; medium risk needs to take more stringent protective measures and monitoring measures; high risk needs to take emergency evacuation and emergency response measures.

[0159] Through risk level classification, the severity of risk can be better understood and evaluated, and corresponding measures can be taken to reduce or eliminate risk. This will help to improve safety and protect personnel and environment from potential danger.

[0160] Through the above algorithm and steps, the risk level of H2S leakage can be more comprehensively evaluated. The algorithm combines gas diffusion model, wind field simulation and risk assessment algorithm, considering factors such as gas diffusion, wind field change and exposure time, to more accurately evaluate the risk level and provide reference for decision makers. Further optimization and verification are needed according to specific circumstances and actual needs.

[0161] The present application also provides an H2S leakage risk dynamic monitoring and early warning system, which comprises,

[0162] Monitoring arrangement module, for arranging monitoring points in the risk area of H2S leakage;

[0163] Risk assessment module, for risk assessment of the H2S leakage source based on the monitoring data of the monitoring points;

[0164] Monitoring and early warning module, for realizing H2S leakage risk dynamic monitoring and early warning based on the results of risk assessment.

[0165] In some embodiments of the present application, the risk assessment module performs the following steps,

[0166] Risk assessment of the H2S leakage source is performed by considering the concentration of hydrogen sulfide gas in the leakage area, the sensitivity of human body to H2S gas, the risk frequency of leakage accident, the risk cumulative effect, the risk cumulative effect, the exposure time of individual exposure to H2S gas and the risk spatio-temporal variation.

[0167] As to the system in the above embodiments, the specific manner in which each module performs operations has been described in detail in the embodiments related to the method, and will not be described in detail here.

[0168] The technical solutions of the present application will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0169] H2S leakage simulation test device:

[0170] H2S gas source: H2S gas in a gas cylinder can be used or H2S gas can be generated by chemical reaction. The gas source should have reliable gas supply capacity and stable flow control to ensure the accuracy of the simulation test.

[0171] Leakage device: simulate the scene of H2S gas leakage. Nozzles or leakage holes are usually used to simulate leakage, and the leakage rate and leakage direction can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0172] Carrier gas system: deliver H2S gas to the area to be tested. The gas can be delivered to the designated location through a gas pipe, or a fan or other equipment can be used to control the transmission of air flow to simulate the actual gas diffusion situation.

[0173] Detection instrument: used to detect the concentration of H2S gas. Gas detection instruments with various detection principles such as electrochemical sensors, infrared sensors, and ultraviolet light absorption methods can be used. The detection instrument should have high sensitivity, fast response, and accurate measurement capabilities.

[0174] The risk dynamic monitoring and early warning method of the above H2S leakage simulation test device is adopted by the method of the present application:

[0175] Step 1: In the risk area of H2S leakage, arrange monitoring points;

[0176] Step 101: Monitoring point arrangement: according to the possibility and risk distribution of H2S leakage, arrange monitoring points reasonably. The location of the monitoring point should cover the entire workplace or the area where leakage may occur to ensure comprehensive monitoring. As shown in Figure 2 , multiple point sensors 3 and line sensors 4 are arranged in the possible leakage area 1 of the leakage source 2, and the installation position of the point sensors 3 and the line sensors 4 can be determined according to the actual situation, Figure 2 is only a module diagram of an actual scene.

[0177] Step 102 real-time monitoring: use gas detection instruments and other equipment to monitor each monitoring point in real time and obtain H2S gas concentration data. The monitoring data can be transmitted to the data center or control center through wired or wireless means.

[0178] Step 103 data transmission and processing: transmit the monitoring data to the data center or control center for processing and analysis. Real-time data can be transmitted to the cloud for centralized management and analysis using network transmission technology.

[0179] Step 2: Based on the monitoring data of the monitoring point, risk assessment is performed on the H2S leakage source. Professional risk assessment algorithms are used to analyze the possibility and impact of H2S leakage, and to judge the risk degree of leakage.

[0180] Step 3: Based on the results of the risk assessment, realize the dynamic monitoring and early warning of H2S leakage risk: according to the risk assessment results, trigger the early warning system, issue alarm signals, and remind relevant personnel to take measures. The early warning system can include sound and light alarms, mobile phone message notifications, electronic display screens and other forms to ensure timely response and processing.

[0181] In summary, the H2S leakage simulation test device and risk dynamic monitoring and early warning method simulates the real H2S leakage situation through the simulation test device, identifies the leakage risk in time through real-time monitoring and risk assessment method, triggers the early warning system for timely warning, and ensures the safety of the workplace.

[0182] Finally, it should be noted that: the above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent replacements to some technical features, as long as they are within the spirit and principles of the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A dynamic monitoring and early warning method for H2S leakage risk, characterized in that, The method comprises, In In the area where there is a risk of H2S leakage, a monitoring point is arranged; Based on the monitoring data of the monitoring point, the risk of the H2S leakage source is evaluated; Based on the results of the risk evaluation, the dynamic monitoring and early warning of the H2S leakage risk is realized.

2. The H2S leakage risk dynamic monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Arranging a monitoring point comprises: A plurality of gas sensors are arranged at key positions in the leakage area and around it to collect concentration data of H2S gas in real time; Based on the concentration data of H2S gas, environmental conditions and gas diffusion rules, a H2S leakage space diffusion model is constructed; Based on wind field simulation, the influence of wind direction and wind speed on H2S leakage diffusion is determined; Based on the H2S leakage space diffusion model and the influence of wind direction and wind speed on H2S leakage diffusion, a monitoring point is arranged.

3. The H2S leakage risk dynamic monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Arranging a monitoring point further comprises: According to the layout of the workplace, the position of the key equipment and the activity range of the staff, the key positions that may be affected by gas leakage are determined, and monitoring points are set at the key positions; or, Monitoring points are set in closed spaces and low-ventilation areas.

4. The H2S leakage risk dynamic monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the monitoring data of the monitoring point, the risk of the H2S leakage source is evaluated, comprising, The risk of the H2S leakage source is evaluated by the concentration of hydrogen sulfide gas in the leakage area, the sensitivity of the human body to H2S gas, the risk frequency of leakage accidents, the risk cumulative effect, the exposure time of individuals to H2S gas and the risk spatio-temporal variation.

5. The H2S leakage risk dynamic monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1, wherein The risk evaluation is expressed by a risk index: In the formula, RiskIndex represents the risk index, C represents the concentration of H2S in the leakage area, W1 represents the weight of the concentration of H2S; S represents the sensitivity, W2 represents the weight of the sensitivity, F represents the risk frequency, W3 represents the weight of the risk frequency, E represents the risk cumulative effect, W4 represents the weight of the risk cumulative effect, T represents the exposure time of individuals, W5 represents the weight of the exposure time, V represents the risk spatio-temporal variation, and W6 represents the weight of the risk spatio-temporal variation.

6. The H2S leakage risk dynamic monitoring and early warning method according to claim 5, wherein In the formula, L represents the individual exposure limit value, and G represents the safety guidance value; And / or wherein E L represents the individual exposure limit value, S L represents the safety guidance value; And / or In the formula, N represents the number of accidents, and t represents the total number of tests; and / or wherein, C1 represents a contribution value of a leakage source 1, C2 represents a contribution value of a leakage source 2, C n represents a contribution value of a leakage source n, C T represents a total contribution value; and / or, where T represents the individual exposure time, T E represents the total exposure time; And / or wherein R I represents the risk index, R L represents the minimum risk index, R H represents the maximum risk index.

7. The H2S leakage risk dynamic monitoring and early warning method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Based on the results of the risk evaluation, the dynamic monitoring and early warning of the H2S leakage risk is realized, comprising: According to the results of the risk evaluation, the numerical range of the risk index is obtained; Based on the numerical range of the risk index, the risk is divided into different levels; According to the division of the risk level, corresponding measures are taken to reduce or eliminate the risk.

8. The H2S leakage risk dynamic monitoring and early warning method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The risk is divided into different levels, comprising: According to the numerical range and distribution of the risk index, the boundary value of each risk level is determined; wherein, according to the range of gas concentration, lower concentration is classified as low risk, medium concentration is classified as medium risk, and high concentration is classified as high risk; and / or, Considering the influence degree of the risk on personnel and environment, the risk that seriously affects personnel safety and environment is classified as high risk, and the risk that has less influence on personnel and environment is classified as low risk; and / or, According to the requirements of relevant regulations and standards, corresponding risk level classification standards are formulated.

9. A dynamic monitoring and early warning system for H2S leakage risk, characterized in that, The system comprises, A monitoring arrangement module is arranged for arranging monitoring points in a risk area of H2S leakage; A risk assessment module is arranged for performing risk assessment on the H2S leakage source based on the monitoring data of the monitoring points; A monitoring and early warning module is arranged for realizing dynamic monitoring and early warning of H2S leakage risk based on the result of the risk assessment.

10. The H2S leakage risk dynamic monitoring and early warning system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The risk assessment module performs the following steps, The H2S leakage source is assessed by the concentration of hydrogen sulfide gas in the leakage area, the sensitivity of human body to H2S gas, the risk frequency of leakage accidents, the risk cumulative effect, the exposure time of individuals exposed to H2S gas, and the risk space-time change.

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