Soil improvement method based on multi-season planting of pineapple and its improver

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of soil agricultural chemistry technology, and more particularly to a soil improvement method and agent for pineapple planting in multiple seasons. The soil improvement method for pineapple planting in multiple seasons comprises the following steps: (1) deep ploughing the soil, uniformly mixing coconut shell charcoal and lime powder, and then applying the mixture to the deep ploughed soil, and continuously applying the soil improvement agent after rotary ploughing; rotary ploughing 1-2 times to form a tortoise-back-shaped ridge; (2) covering the ridge surface with black mulch film along the longitudinal direction of the ridge, reserving a 3-5 cm diameter hole in the black mulch film, planting 2-3 leaf pineapple sprouts in the hole, and pouring root-fixing water; (3) irrigating with water-dispersed fertilizer solution after the pineapple sprouts are planted; then irrigating with water-dispersed fertilizer solution 1-2 times during the flowering period; (4) routine field management, and harvesting after maturity. The present application not only promotes environmental stability and sufficient nutrients, but also has a remarkable soil improvement effect, significantly improves the sugar content of pineapple fruits, and greatly improves the yield.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil agrochemical technology, and in particular to a method for soil improvement based on multi-season pineapple planting and its soil conditioner. Background Technology

[0002] Pineapple (scientific name: Ananas comosus As a representative of tropical fruits, pineapple (L.) Merr. boasts a unique structure formed by its fleshy inflorescence axis and persistent perianth, along with its rich nutritional value, making it the top of my country's four major tropical specialty fruits. The market demand for fresh pineapple is strong, especially in filling the fruit gap in northern regions, where it holds significant economic value. However, in the current pineapple-producing areas of my country, soil degradation has become a key bottleneck restricting the industry's development.

[0003] In traditional planting methods, the soil's physical and chemical properties have continuously deteriorated due to the long-term excessive application of chemical fertilizers: on the one hand, the ammonium nitrogen in chemical fertilizers is easily hydrolyzed to produce H+. + This leads to soil acidification (pH often drops below 4.0), causing clay particle dispersion, structural damage, reduced soil porosity, the formation of a compacted layer, and increased tillage resistance. On the other hand, acidified soil accelerates the leaching of micronutrients such as calcium, magnesium, and molybdenum, while activating heavy metal ions such as aluminum and manganese in the soil, causing root toxicity and inhibiting nutrient absorption.

[0004] Conventional deep tillage improvement techniques can only improve surface aeration in the short term, while mechanical compaction can actually increase the compaction of deep soil. Lime has a short-lived effect on pH adjustment and can easily lead to calcium salt accumulation. Commercially available organic soil conditioners are mostly made from straw, livestock and poultry manure, etc. Although they can increase organic matter, they lack the ability to precisely regulate the soil microenvironment and cannot maintain the optimal slightly acidic environment for pineapple growth.

[0005] Existing single-method improvement techniques cannot simultaneously solve the problems of soil compaction and acidification, and it is even more difficult to achieve dynamic stability of a slightly acidic environment, resulting in low sugar content, high rate of deformed fruit, and reduced yield in pineapple cultivation. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a soil improvement method for pineapple cultivation that can synergistically improve soil structure and precisely regulate pH, in order to achieve quality improvement and increased yield and efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a soil improvement method and soil conditioner based on multi-season pineapple cultivation.

[0007] A method for soil improvement based on multi-season pineapple cultivation includes the following steps:

[0008] (1) deep ploughing soil; after mixing coconut shell charcoal and lime powder uniformly according to the mass ratio of 1:0.8-1.2, the soil amendment is applied to the deep ploughed soil, and the soil amendment is continuously applied after rotary tillage; the application amount of coconut shell charcoal is 2.5-7.5 kg per mu, and the application amount of soil amendment is 10-30 kg per mu; after rotary tillage for 1-2 times, the ridge is formed to form a tortoise-back-shaped ridge;

[0009] (2) black mulch is covered on the surface of the ridge along the longitudinal direction of the ridge, a 3-5 cm diameter seed hole is reserved on the black mulch, 2-3 leaf anthurium bud seedlings are planted in the seed hole, the depth is 2-3 cm, and the root fixing water is poured;

[0010] (3) water dispersible fertilizer solution is used for irrigation after the anthurium bud seedlings are planted; then the water dispersible fertilizer solution is used for irrigation 1-2 times during the flower induction period;

[0011] The water dispersible fertilizer solution is obtained by diluting water dispersible fertilizer by 500-1500 times; the use amount of water dispersible fertilizer is 50-100 kg per mu;

[0012] (4) routine field management, and harvesting after maturity.

[0013] Preferably, in step (1), the deep ploughing depth is 30-40 cm.

[0014] Preferably, in step (1), the ridge width is 100-120 cm, the ridge length is 20-25 m, and the ditch width after ridging is 60-70 cm.

[0015] Preferably, in step (1), the soil amendment is prepared by the following steps:

[0016] ( a ) the activated bamboo powder, polyaspartic acid, and compound microbial agent are added to the Tris buffer solution with a pH value of 8-9 and stirred for 10-30 min, ultrasonic treatment is performed for 1-2 h, dopamine hydrochloride is added in the dark, stirring is performed at 30-40 °C for 10-20 h, filtration, washing, and freeze-drying are performed to obtain a compound loaded microbial agent;

[0017] ( b ) the compound loaded microbial agent, gelatin, and carboxymethyl chitosan are added to water and stirred uniformly, a crosslinking agent is added, stirring is performed at 40-50 °C for 1-3 h, humic acid, ferrous sulfate, calcium nitrate, and glycine chelated zinc are added in sequence and stirred uniformly, pre-freezing is performed at -40 to -50 °C for 2-6 h, vacuum freeze-drying is performed, and crushing is performed.

[0018] More preferably, the mass ratio of the activated bamboo powder, polyaspartic acid, complex microbial agent, dopamine hydrochloride, gelatin, carboxymethyl chitosan, crosslinking agent, humic acid, ferrous sulfate, calcium nitrate, and glycine chelated zinc is 15-25:1-2:1-3:1-5:1-3:3-8:0.1-0.5:1-2:0.01-0.1:1-2:0.01-0.1.

[0019] More preferably, the complex microbial agent comprises: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Lactobacillus, the viable count of Bacillus subtilis is 5-9x10 9 cfu / g, the viable count of Bacillus licheniformis is 2-4x10 9 cfu / g, and the viable count of Lactobacillus is 4-8x10 8 cfu / g.

[0020] More preferably, the ultrasonic frequency is 50-70 kHz.

[0021] More preferably, the molecular weight of polyaspartic acid is 1-5 kDa.

[0022] More preferably, the degree of deacetylation of carboxymethyl chitosan is 80-95%.

[0023] More preferably, the activated bamboo powder is prepared by the following steps: bamboo powder, sodium alginate, and dispersant are added to water and stirred for 10-20 min, a complex enzyme preparation is added and stirred for 10-20 min, the mixture is added dropwise to a calcium chloride solution and stirred for 20-40 min, the microspheres are collected by filtration, washed, freeze-dried, added to water, the pH value of the system is adjusted to 4-5, and stirred at 40-60°C for 1-4 h, residual enzymes are inactivated, filtered, washed, and vacuum dried.

[0024] The present application uses bamboo powder and sodium alginate to form a microsphere structure, and a uniform pore structure is formed in the microspheres after (partial) hydrolysis by a complex enzyme. The tough skeleton of the bamboo powder and the flexible network of the sodium alginate form a three-dimensional support system, which not only breaks soil compaction at the physical level, but also facilitates the subsequent loading of polyaspartic acid and complex microbial agent. The loading stability is extremely high after the deposition of polydopamine on the surface.

[0025] Specifically, the mass ratio of the bamboo powder, sodium alginate, dispersant, and complex enzyme preparation is 10-20:1-3:1-2:1-2.

[0026] Specifically, the complex enzyme preparation comprises: cellulase, hemicellulase, and pectinase, the enzyme activity of the cellulase is 4000-8000 U / g, the enzyme activity of the hemicellulase is 2000-4000 U / g, and the enzyme activity of the pectinase is 1000-3000 U / g.

[0027] The shrinkage of the gelatin-carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel coating layer under acidic conditions avoids premature disintegration of the microspheres, ensures the durability of the structure modification effect, and the synergistic effect of the three strains of the composite microbial agent secretes organic acids through metabolic activity and is controlled by the slow release of the hydrogel coating layer, cooperates with polyaspartic acid to buffer pH changes, maintains a weakly acidic environment in the soil, avoids short-term and dramatic pH fluctuations, and can increase the content of organic matter, significantly improve the soil microenvironment, and is more suitable for pineapple growth; and dopamine hydrochloride forms polydopamine on the surface of the microspheres, and the polydopamine and polyaspartic acid are selectively adsorbed to alkaline ions (such as Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ ), maintain soil cation balance through ion exchange, and can adsorb nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients to achieve slow release.

[0028] The obtained soil improver can not only maintain a weakly acidic environment in the soil, but also effectively loosen the soil and improve the aeration of the soil, thereby promoting the absorption of water and nutrient elements by pineapple by improving the physicochemical properties of the soil, ensuring the normal growth of pineapple, and effectively reducing the leaching and runoff loss of nutrient elements, thereby having a wide application prospect.

[0029] A pineapple planting soil improver is used in the soil improvement method based on the soil after multi-season pineapple planting.

[0030] Advantages:

[0031] The present application provides space for the penetration of the improver by deep plowing to break the soil structure, and the black mulch not only inhibits the photosynthesis of weeds, but also accelerates the metabolism of microorganisms in the soil and the improver, and the mulch covering reduces soil water evaporation, which, in combination with the action of the improver, can effectively maintain the microenvironment of the root system and avoid dramatic fluctuations in soil pH caused by drought.

[0032] The present application utilizes the synergistic effect of water-dispersible fertilizer and the slow-release characteristics of the improver to effectively control the release rate of nutrients, match the absorption rules of pineapple, and achieve continuous supply and on-demand absorption. The synergistic effect of each step of the present application not only promotes environmental stability and sufficient nutrients, but also significantly improves the soil improvement effect, significantly improves the sugar content of pineapple fruits, and greatly improves the yield. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 The pH value and compactness of the soil of the example 5 group, the comparative example 1 group, the comparative example 2 group, and the control group are compared.

[0034] Figure 2 The penetration resistance and shear strength of the soil of the example 5 group, the comparative example 1 group, the comparative example 2 group, and the control group are compared.

[0035] Figure 3A comparison chart of soil bulk density reduction rate and organic matter growth rate of the soil of the example 5 group, the comparative example 1 group, the comparative example 2 group and the control group.

[0036] Figure 4 A comparison chart of capillary porosity and aeration porosity of the soil of the example 5 group, the comparative example 1 group, the comparative example 2 group and the control group.

[0037] Figure 5 A comparison chart of soluble sugar content growth rate and pineapple yield increase rate of the pineapple of the example 5 group, the comparative example 1 group, the comparative example 2 group and the control group. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The application will be further described in conjunction with specific examples.

[0039] The polyaspartic acid used below is purchased from a certain Shengchang New Material Technology Co., Ltd. in Hubei, and has a molecular weight of 3.45 kDa. The carboxymethyl chitosan used below is purchased from a certain Cun Biological Technology Co., Ltd. in Zhejiang, and has a degree of deacetylation of 87%.

[0040] The complex microbial agent used below is composed of Bacillus subtilis (CGMCC 1.821), Bacillus licheniformis (CGMCC 1.4405) and Lactobacillus (CCTCC AB 200050); wherein the viable count of Bacillus subtilis is 7×10 9 cfu / g, the viable count of Bacillus licheniformis is 3×10 9 cfu / g, and the viable count of Lactobacillus is 6×10 8 cfu / g.

[0041] The complex enzyme preparation used below is composed of cellulase, hemicellulase and pectinase; wherein the enzyme activity of cellulase is 6000 U / g, the enzyme activity of hemicellulase is 3000 U / g, and the enzyme activity of pectinase is 1500 U / g.

[0042] The crosslinking agent used below is composed of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide at a molar ratio of 1:1.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] A soil conditioner is prepared by the following steps:

[0045] a ​) 1500 g of activated bamboo powder, 100 g of polyaspartic acid, 100 g of complex microbial agent were added to 10 kg of Tris buffer with pH value of 8, stirred at a speed of 500 r / min for 10 min, ultrasonic treatment for 1 h, ultrasonic frequency was 50 kHz, 100 g of dopamine hydrochloride was added in the dark, stirred at a temperature of 30℃ for 10 h, the stirring speed was 100 r / min, filtration, washing, freeze-drying, to obtain a complex loaded microbial agent;

[0046] Wherein, the activated bamboo powder was prepared by the following steps: 1 kg of bamboo powder was crushed through a 100 mesh sieve, 100 g of sodium alginate and 100 g of Tween 20 were added to 4 kg of deionized water, stirred at a speed of 100 r / min for 10 min, 100 g of complex enzyme preparation was added, and stirring was continued for 10 min, and then it was added dropwise to 20 kg of 0.5 mol / L calcium chloride solution, stirred at a speed of 500 r / min for 20 min, the microspheres were collected by filtration, washed, freeze-dried, added to 10 kg of deionized water, the pH value of the system was adjusted to 5 using citric acid, stirred at a temperature of 40℃ for 1 h, the stirring speed was 100 r / min, the residual enzyme was inactivated, filtered, washed, vacuum dried;

[0047] ( b ) The complex loaded microbial agent, 100 g of gelatin, and 300 g of carboxymethyl chitosan were added to 3 kg of deionized water and stirred uniformly, 10 g of crosslinking agent was added, stirred at a temperature of 40℃ for 1 h, 100 g of humic acid, 1 g of ferrous sulfate, 100 g of calcium nitrate, and 1 g of glycine chelated zinc were added in sequence and stirred uniformly, pre-frozen at a temperature of -40℃ for 2 h, vacuum freeze-dried, and crushed through a 20 mesh sieve.

[0048] A soil improvement method based on multi-season planting of pineapples, comprising the following steps:

[0049] (1) Deep plowing (30 cm) of the soil; uniformly mixing coconut charcoal and lime powder in a mass ratio of 1:1, and then applying the mixture to the deep plowed soil, and then applying the soil conditioner to the soil after rotary plowing, the application amount of coconut charcoal is 2.5 kg / acre, and the application amount of soil conditioner is 10 kg / acre; after rotary plowing again, forming a tortoise-back-shaped ridge (the ridge width is 100 cm, the ridge length is 20 m, and the ditch width after ridging is 60 cm);

[0050] (2) Covering the surface of the ridge with black mulch (thickness of 0.025 mm, light transmittance <10%) along the longitudinal direction of the ridge, reserving a 3 cm diameter planting hole on the black mulch, and planting 2-3 leaf pineapple sprouts in the planting hole, and pouring root-fixing water;

[0051] (3) Irrigating with water-dispersed fertilizer solution after planting the pineapple sprouts; and then irrigating with water-dispersed fertilizer solution once during the flower induction period;

[0052] The water-dispersed fertilizer solution is diluted from water-dispersed fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium N:P2O5:K2O=18:5:22) to a system EC value of 1.2 mS / cm; the use amount of water-dispersed fertilizer is 50 kg / mu;

[0053] (4) Routine field management, harvest after maturity.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] A soil conditioner is prepared by the following steps:

[0056] ( a ) 2500g activated bamboo powder, 200g polyaspartic acid, 300g compound microbial agent are added to 20kg Tris buffer solution with pH value of 9, stirred at a speed of 1000r / min for 30min, ultrasonic treated for 2h, ultrasonic frequency is 70kHz, 500g dopamine hydrochloride is added in the dark, stirred at a temperature of 40℃ for 20h, stirring speed is 400r / min, filtered, washed, freeze-dried, to obtain a compound loaded microbial agent;

[0057] The activated bamboo powder is prepared by the following steps: 2kg bamboo powder is crushed through a 100 mesh sieve, the product is added to 300g sodium alginate, 200g Tween 20 in 6kg deionized water, stirred at a speed of 500r / min for 20min, 200g compound enzyme preparation is added, continue to stir for 20min, dropwise added to 30kg calcium chloride solution with a concentration of 1mol / L, stirred at a speed of 800r / min for 40min, the microspheres are collected by filtration, washed, freeze-dried, added to 20kg deionized water, the system pH value is adjusted to 4 with citric acid, stirred at a temperature of 60℃ for 4h, stirring speed is 200r / min, inactivate residual enzymes, filtered, washed, vacuum dried;

[0058] ( b ) The compound loaded microbial agent, 300g gelatin, 800g carboxymethyl chitosan are added to 6kg deionized water and stirred uniformly, 50g crosslinking agent is added, stirred at a temperature of 50℃ for 3h, 200g humic acid, 10g ferrous sulfate, 200g calcium nitrate, 10g glycine chelated zinc are added in turn and stirred uniformly, pre-frozen at a temperature of-50℃ for 6h, vacuum freeze-dried, crushed through a 20 mesh sieve.

[0059] A soil improvement method based on multi-season planting of pineapples, comprising the following steps:

[0060] (1) Deep plough (40 cm) the soil; mix the coconut shell charcoal and the lime powder uniformly according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and then apply to the deep ploughed soil, continue to apply the soil modifier after rotary ploughing, the application amount of the coconut shell charcoal is 7.5 kg per mu, and the application amount of the soil modifier is 30 kg per mu; after rotary ploughing again, form the tortoise-back-shaped ridge (the ridge width is 120 cm, the ridge length is 25 m, and the ditch width after ridge forming is 70 cm);

[0061] (2) Cover the black mulch (the thickness is 0.025 mm, and the light transmittance is less than 10%) along the longitudinal direction of the ridge to the surface of the ridge, the black mulch is reserved with a 5 cm diameter seed hole, and the pineapple bud seedlings with 2-3 leaves are planted in the seed hole, and then the root fixing water is poured;

[0062] (3) After the pineapple bud seedlings are planted, the water dispersible fertilizer solution is used for irrigation; then the water dispersible fertilizer solution is used for irrigation once during the flower induction period;

[0063] The water dispersible fertilizer solution is diluted from the water dispersible fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium N:P2O5:K2O=18:5:22) to the system EC value of 1.8 mS / cm; the use amount of the water dispersible fertilizer is 100 kg per mu;

[0064] (4) The conventional field management is carried out, and the pineapple is harvested after maturation.

[0065] Example 3

[0066] A soil modifier is prepared by the following steps:

[0067] ( a ) 1800 g of activated bamboo powder, 170 g of polyaspartic acid, 150 g of a composite microbial agent are added to 18 kg of Tris buffer with a pH value of 8.5, stirred at a speed of 700 r / min for 25 min, ultrasonic treated for 80 min, ultrasonic frequency is 65 kHz, 200 g of dopamine hydrochloride is added in the dark, stirred at a temperature of 37 ℃ for 12 h, the stirring speed is 300 r / min, filtered, washed, freeze-dried, and a composite loaded microbial agent is obtained;

[0068] The activated bamboo powder is prepared by the following steps: 1300 g of bamboo powder is crushed through a 100 mesh sieve, the product is added to 250 g of sodium alginate, 120 g of Tween 20 and 5500 g of deionized water, stirred at a speed of 200 r / min for 18 min, 130 g of a composite enzyme preparation is added, and stirring is continued for 17 min, and then it is added dropwise to 22 kg of a calcium chloride solution with a concentration of 0.9 mol / L, stirred at a speed of 600 r / min for 35 min, the microspheres are collected by filtration, washed, freeze-dried, added to 12 kg of deionized water, the pH value of the system is adjusted to 4.5 with citric acid, stirred at a temperature of 55 ℃ for 2 h, the stirring speed is 180 r / min, the residual enzyme is inactivated, filtered, washed, and vacuum dried;

[0069] b ) The composite load bacteria agent, 150 g gelatin, 700 g carboxymethyl chitosan are added into 4 kg deionized water to be stirred uniformly, 40 g crosslinking agent is added, stirring at a temperature of 42℃ for 2.5 h, 130 g humic acid, 8 g ferrous sulfate, 130 g calcium nitrate, 7 g glycine chelated zinc are added in sequence to be stirred uniformly, pre-freezing at a temperature of -42℃ for 5 h, vacuum freeze-drying, crushing through a 20 mesh sieve.

[0070] A soil improvement method based on multi-season planting of pineapple, comprising the following steps:

[0071] (1) Deep plowing (35 cm) the soil; uniformly mixing coconut shell charcoal and lime powder in a mass ratio of 1:1 and then applying to the deep-plowed soil, continuing to apply the soil conditioner to the soil after rotary plowing, the application amount of coconut shell charcoal being 3.5 kg / acre, and the application amount of the soil conditioner being 15 kg / acre; after rotary plowing twice, forming a tortoise-back-shaped ridge (the ridge width being 110±5 cm, the ridge length being 23±2 m, and the ditch width after ridging being 65±5 cm);

[0072] (2) Covering the surface of the ridge in the longitudinal direction with black mulch film (thickness 0.025 mm, light transmittance <10%), reserving a seed hole with a diameter of 4 cm in the black mulch film, and planting 2-3 leaf pineapple sprouts in the seed hole, and pouring through the rooting water;

[0073] (3) Irrigating with water-dispersed fertilizer solution after the pineapple sprouts are planted; and then irrigating twice with water-dispersed fertilizer solution during the flowering induction period;

[0074] The water-dispersed fertilizer solution is obtained by diluting water-dispersed fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium N:P2O5:K2O=18:5:22) to a system EC value of 1.5 mS / cm; the use amount of the water-dispersed fertilizer is 90 kg / acre;

[0075] (4) Routine field management, and harvesting after maturity.

[0076] Example 4

[0077] A soil conditioner is prepared by the following steps:

[0078] a ) 2200 g of activated bamboo powder, 130 g of polyaspartic acid, and 250 g of a composite bacteria agent are added to 12 kg of Tris buffer with a pH of 8.5, stirred at a speed of 900 r / min for 15 min, ultrasonically treated for 100 min at a frequency of 55 kHz, and then 400 g of dopamine hydrochloride is added in the dark, stirred at a temperature of 33℃ for 18 h at a stirring speed of 200 r / min, filtered, washed, and freeze-dried to obtain a composite load bacteria agent;

[0079] ​​The activated bamboo powder is prepared by the following steps: 1700g of bamboo powder is crushed through a 100 mesh sieve, the product is added to 150g of sodium alginate, 180g of Tween 20 in 4500g of deionized water, stirred at a speed of 400r / min for 12min, 170g of a composite enzyme preparation is added, and stirring is continued for 13min, and then it is added dropwise to 28kg of a calcium chloride solution with a concentration of 0.7mol / L, stirred at a speed of 700r / min for 25min, the microspheres are collected by filtration, washed, freeze-dried, added to 18kg of deionized water, the pH value of the system is adjusted to 4.5 by citric acid, stirred at a temperature of 45℃ for 3h, the stirring speed is 120r / min, the residual enzyme is inactivated, filtered, washed, and vacuum dried;

[0080] b The composite loaded bacterial agent, 250g of gelatin, and 400g of carboxymethyl chitosan are added to 5kg of deionized water and stirred uniformly, 20g of a crosslinking agent is added, stirred at a temperature of 48℃ for 1.5h, 170g of humic acid, 2g of ferrous sulfate, 170g of calcium nitrate, and 3g of glycine chelated zinc are added in sequence and stirred uniformly, pre-frozen at a temperature of-48℃ for 3h, and vacuum freeze-dried and crushed through a 20 mesh sieve.

[0081] A soil improvement method based on multi-season planting of pineapples, comprising the following steps:

[0082] (1) deep plowing (35cm) of the soil; uniformly mixing coconut shell charcoal and lime powder in a mass ratio of 1:1 and then applying them to the deep-plowed soil, and continuously applying the soil conditioner to the soil after rotary plowing, the application amount of the coconut shell charcoal being 6.5kg / acre, and the application amount of the soil conditioner being 25kg / acre; rotary plowing twice to form a tortoise-back-shaped ridge (the ridge width being 110±5cm, the ridge length being 23±2m, and the ditch width after ridging being 65±5cm);

[0083] (2) covering the surface of the ridge in the longitudinal direction with black mulch film (thickness: 0.025mm, light transmittance: <10%), reserving a seed hole with a diameter of 4cm in the black mulch film, and planting 2-3 leaf pineapple sprouts in the seed hole, and pouring root-fixing water;

[0084] (3) irrigating with a water-dispersed fertilizer solution after the pineapple sprouts are planted, and then irrigating twice with the water-dispersed fertilizer solution during the flowering induction period;

[0085] The water-dispersed fertilizer solution is prepared by diluting a water-dispersed fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=18:5:22) to an EC value of 1.5mS / cm; the use amount of the water-dispersed fertilizer is 70kg / acre;

[0086] (4) routine field management, and harvesting after maturity.

[0087] Example 5

[0088] ​A soil conditioner is prepared by the following steps:

[0089] a 2 kg of activated bamboo powder, 150 g of polyaspartic acid, 200 g of a composite microbial agent are added to 15 kg of Tris buffer with a pH of 8.5, stirred at a speed of 800 r / min for 20 min, ultrasonic treated for 90 min at a frequency of 60 kHz, 300 g of dopamine hydrochloride is added in the dark, stirred at a temperature of 35℃ for 15 h at a stirring speed of 250 r / min, filtered, washed, and freeze-dried to obtain a composite loaded microbial agent;

[0090] The activated bamboo powder is prepared by the following steps: 1500 g of bamboo powder is crushed through a 100 mesh sieve, the product is added to 200 g of sodium alginate, 150 g of Tween 20 in 5 kg of deionized water, stirred at a speed of 300 r / min for 15 min, 150 g of a composite enzyme preparation is added and stirred for another 15 min, and then added dropwise to 25 kg of a 0.8 mol / L calcium chloride solution, stirred at a speed of 650 r / min for 30 min, the microspheres are collected by filtration, washed, and freeze-dried, and then added to 15 kg of deionized water, the pH of the system is adjusted to 4.5 with citric acid, stirred at a temperature of 50℃ for 2.5 h at a stirring speed of 150 r / min, the residual enzymes are inactivated, filtered, washed, and vacuum dried;

[0091] b The composite loaded microbial agent, 200 g of gelatin, and 550 g of carboxymethyl chitosan are added to 4500 g of deionized water and stirred uniformly, 30 g of a crosslinking agent is added, the pH of the system is adjusted to 5-5.5, stirred at a temperature of 45℃ for 2 h, 150 g of humic acid, 5 g of ferrous sulfate, 150 g of calcium nitrate, and 5 g of glycine chelated zinc are added in sequence and stirred uniformly, pre-frozen at a temperature of -45℃ for 4 h, and vacuum freeze-dried and crushed through a 20 mesh sieve.

[0092] A soil improvement method based on multi-season planting of pineapples, comprising the following steps:

[0093] (1) Deep plowing (35 cm) of the soil; uniformly mixing coconut charcoal and lime powder in a mass ratio of 1:1 and applying to the deep plowed soil, and continuing to apply the soil conditioner to the soil after rotary plowing, the application amount of coconut charcoal being 5 kg / acre and the application amount of the soil conditioner being 20 kg / acre; rotary plowing twice to form a tortoise-back-shaped ridge (the ridge width being 110±5 cm, the ridge length being 23±2 m, and the ditch width after ridging being 65±5 cm);

[0094] (2) Covering the surface of the ridge with black mulch film (thickness 0.025 mm, light transmittance <10%) along the longitudinal direction of the ridge, reserving a 4 cm diameter planting hole in the black mulch film, and planting 2-3 leaf pineapple bud seedlings in the planting hole, and pouring root-fixing water; ​​

[0095] (3) After the pineapple sprout is planted, water dispersible fertilizer solution is used for irrigation; then water dispersible fertilizer solution is used for irrigation twice during the flower induction period;

[0096] The water dispersible fertilizer solution is diluted from water dispersible fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium N:P2O5:K2O = 18:5:22) to a system EC value of 1.5 mS / cm; the use amount of water dispersible fertilizer is 80 kg per mu;

[0097] (4) Routine field management, and harvesting after maturity.

[0098] Comparative Example 1

[0099] A soil conditioner is prepared by the following steps:

[0100] ( a ) 2 kg of activated bamboo powder, 150 g of polyaspartic acid, 200 g of compound microbial agent are added to 15 kg of Tris buffer with pH value of 8.5, stirred at 800 r / min for 20 min, ultrasonic treated for 90 min, ultrasonic frequency is 60 kHz, 300 g of dopamine hydrochloride is added in the dark, stirred at 35℃ for 15 h, stirring speed is 250 r / min, filtered, washed, freeze-dried, to obtain a compound loaded microbial agent;

[0101] Among them, the activated bamboo powder is prepared by the following steps: 1500 g of bamboo powder is crushed through a 100 mesh sieve, the product is added to 200 g of sodium alginate, 150 g of Tween 20 in 5 kg of deionized water, stirred at 300 r / min for 15 min, 150 g of compound enzyme preparation is added, continue to stir for 15 min, drop into 25 kg of calcium chloride solution with concentration of 0.8 mol / L, stirred at 650 r / min for 30 min, inactivate residual enzymes, filter and collect microspheres, wash, freeze-dry;

[0102] ( b ) The compound loaded microbial agent, 200 g of gelatin, 550 g of carboxymethyl chitosan are added to 4500 g of deionized water and stirred uniformly, 30 g of crosslinking agent is added, the pH value of the system is adjusted to 5-5.5, stirred at 45℃ for 2 h, 150 g of humic acid, 5 g of ferrous sulfate, 150 g of calcium nitrate, 5 g of glycine chelated zinc are added in turn and stirred uniformly, pre-frozen at-45℃ for 4 h, vacuum freeze-dried, and crushed through a 20 mesh sieve.

[0103] A soil improvement method based on multi-season planting of pineapple, comprising the following steps:

[0104] ​(1) Deep plough (35 cm) the soil; mix coconut shell charcoal and lime powder uniformly in a mass ratio of 1:1, and then apply the mixture to the deep ploughed soil; continue to apply the soil conditioner after rotary ploughing; the application amount of coconut shell charcoal is 5 kg per mu, and the application amount of soil conditioner is 20 kg per mu; after rotary ploughing twice, form a tortoise-back-shaped ridge (the ridge width is 110±5 cm, the ridge length is 23±2 m, and the ditch width after ridge formation is 65±5 cm);

[0105] (2) Cover the surface of the ridge in the longitudinal direction of the ridge with black mulch film (thickness: 0.025 mm, light transmittance: <10%), and reserve a seed hole with a diameter of 4 cm on the black mulch film; plant 2-3 leaf anthurium bud seedlings in the seed hole, and pour through root-fixing water;

[0106] (3) After planting the anthurium bud seedlings, irrigate with water-dispersed fertilizer solution; then irrigate twice with water-dispersed fertilizer solution during the flowering induction period;

[0107] The water-dispersed fertilizer solution is prepared by diluting water-dispersed fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=18:5:22) to a system EC value of 1.5 mS / cm; the use amount of water-dispersed fertilizer is 80 kg per mu;

[0108] (4) Perform routine field management, and harvest after maturity.

[0109] Comparative Example 2

[0110] A soil conditioner is prepared by the following steps:

[0111] ( a ) 2 kg of activated bamboo powder, 150 g of polyaspartic acid, and 200 g of a composite microbial agent are added to 15 kg of Tris buffer with a pH value of 8.5, stirred at a speed of 800 r / min for 20 min, ultrasonically treated for 90 min at a frequency of 60 kHz, filtered, washed, and freeze-dried to obtain a composite loaded microbial agent;

[0112] The activated bamboo powder is prepared by the following steps: 1500 g of bamboo powder is ground through a 100-mesh sieve, the product is added to 200 g of sodium alginate and 150 g of Tween 20 in 5 kg of deionized water, stirred at a speed of 300 r / min for 15 min, 150 g of a composite enzyme preparation is added and stirred for another 15 min, and then the mixture is added dropwise to 25 kg of a calcium chloride solution with a concentration of 0.8 mol / L, stirred at a speed of 650 r / min for 30 min, the microspheres are collected by filtration, washed, and freeze-dried, and then added to 15 kg of deionized water, the pH value of the system is adjusted to 4.5 with citric acid, stirred at a temperature of 50℃ for 2.5 h at a stirring speed of 150 r / min, the residual enzymes are inactivated, filtered, washed, and vacuum dried;

[0113] ( b) The composite load inoculant, 200g gelatin, 550g carboxymethyl chitosan are added into 4500g deionized water to stir uniformly, 30g crosslinking agent is added, the pH value of the system is adjusted to 5-5.5, stirring at 45℃ for 2h, 150g humic acid, 5g ferrous sulfate, 150g calcium nitrate, 5g glycine chelated zinc are added in turn to stir uniformly, pre-freezing at 45℃ for 4h, vacuum freeze-drying, crushing through a 20 mesh sieve.

[0114] A soil improvement method based on multi-season planting of pineapple, comprising the following steps:

[0115] (1) Deep plowing (35cm) of the soil; uniformly mixing coconut shell charcoal and lime powder in a mass ratio of 1:1 and applying to the deep plowed soil, continuing to apply the soil conditioner after rotary plowing, the application amount of coconut shell charcoal is 5kg / acre, and the application amount of soil conditioner is 20kg / acre; after rotary plowing twice, forming a tortoise-back-shaped ridge (the ridge width is 110±5cm, the ridge length is 23±2m, and the ditch width after ridging is 65±5cm);

[0116] (2) Covering the surface of the ridge with black mulch (thickness 0.025mm, light transmittance <10%) along the longitudinal direction of the ridge, reserving a 4cm diameter planting hole in the black mulch, planting 2-3 leaf pineapple sprouts in the planting hole, and pouring root-fixing water;

[0117] (3) After planting the pineapple sprouts, irrigating with water-dispersed fertilizer solution; then irrigating twice with water-dispersed fertilizer solution during the flowering induction period;

[0118] The water-dispersed fertilizer solution is prepared by diluting water-dispersed fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=18:5:22) to a system EC value of 1.5mS / cm; the use amount of water-dispersed fertilizer is 80kg / acre;

[0119] (4) Routine field management, and harvesting after maturity.

[0120] The improvement methods of Examples 5, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 are used for field tests in a certain ecological agricultural pineapple plantation base in Sanya, Hainan, and the previous crop is pineapple.

[0121] The place belongs to a tropical marine monsoon climate, the average annual soil temperature is 22-25℃, and the average annual rainfall is 1500-2200mm. The basic physicochemical properties of the soil are as follows: pH value 4.16, organic matter 7.08g / kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 261.77mg / kg, available phosphorus 152.84mg / kg, and available potassium 35.19mg / kg.

[0122] The pineapple (Taigong 17) is planted this time, and 6 groups are set. The example 5 group, the comparative example 1 group and the comparative example 2 group respectively adopt the modified method of the example 5, the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2. The difference between the control group and the example 5 is that the soil modifier is not applied, and only the coconut shell charcoal and the quicklime powder are mixed uniformly at a mass ratio of 1:1 and then applied to the deep ploughed soil. The application amount of the coconut shell charcoal is 15 kg / mu.

[0123] Each group has 5 repetitions, and each other is not adjacent. The area of each plot is 40 m 2 , and the test period is 2 years. After the pineapple harvesting period ends, the five-point sampling method is used to sample the 0-20 cm soil after harvesting (the soil profile is dug according to the specification of 60 cm x 60 cm x 20 cm), and then the pH value, organic matter content, compactness (determined by a compactness instrument), soil bulk density, penetration resistance (determined by a pocket penetrometer), shear strength (determined by a shear instrument), water content, field water capacity, and soil specific gravity are determined. The capillary porosity, aeration porosity, and the organic matter growth rate and soil bulk density reduction rate of each group are calculated according to the bulk density, field water capacity, soil specific gravity, and water content.

[0124] The organic matter growth rate = (the soil organic matter content of the treatment group - the soil organic matter content of the control group) ÷ the soil organic matter content of the control group x 100%.

[0125] The soil bulk density reduction rate = (the soil bulk density of the control group - the soil bulk density of the treatment group) ÷ the soil bulk density of the control group x 100%.

[0126] As Figure 1 shown, the soil pH value of the control group is higher than that before planting, which shows that the combined application of coconut shell charcoal and quicklime powder can increase the pH value of the pineapple planting soil and inhibit soil acidification. The soil pH value of the example 5 group is higher than that of the comparative examples 1-2 and the control group, which shows that the modified method of the application can further adjust the pH value of the pineapple planting soil.

[0127] The penetration resistance represents the mechanical suitability of the soil, and the shear strength reflects the limit strength of the soil against shear failure. As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the penetration resistance, shear strength and compactness of the soil of the control group are the highest (P<0.05), which shows that the combined application of coconut shell charcoal and quicklime powder can improve the soil structure, but the effect is still inferior to that of the other groups. The penetration resistance, shear strength and compactness of the soil of the example 5 group are the lowest (P<0.05), which confirms that the modified method of the application can effectively improve the soil structure and has a loosening effect on the soil.

[0128] As Figure 3As shown in the table, the soil bulk density reduction rate and the organic matter growth rate of the group of example 5 are the highest, which are better than those of the groups of comparative examples 1-2 (P<0.05), which proves that the improved method of the application can effectively reduce the soil bulk density, has the effect of loosening the soil, and significantly improves the organic matter content, and has a significant effect on improving the acid soil.

[0129] As shown in the table, the soil bulk density reduction rate and the organic matter growth rate of the group of example 5 are the highest, which are better than those of the groups of comparative examples 1-2 (P<0.05), which proves that the improved method of the application can effectively reduce the soil bulk density, has the effect of loosening the soil, and significantly improves the organic matter content, and has a significant effect on improving the acid soil. Figure 4 As shown in the table, the soil bulk density reduction rate and the organic matter growth rate of the group of example 5 are the highest, which are better than those of the groups of comparative examples 1-2 (P<0.05), which proves that the improved method of the application can effectively reduce the soil bulk density, has the effect of loosening the soil, and significantly improves the organic matter content, and has a significant effect on improving the acid soil.

[0130] The yield of each group of harvested pineapples is counted, and the soluble sugar content of the pineapples is determined, and the soluble sugar content growth rate and the pineapple yield increase rate are calculated.

[0131] The soluble sugar content growth rate = (soluble sugar content of the treated group of pineapples - soluble sugar content of the control group of pineapples) ÷ soluble sugar content of the control group of pineapples x 100%.

[0132] The pineapple yield increase rate = (yield of the treated group of pineapples - yield of the control group of pineapples) ÷ yield of the control group of pineapples x 100%.

[0133] As shown in the table, the soil bulk density reduction rate and the organic matter growth rate of the group of example 5 are the highest, which are better than those of the groups of comparative examples 1-2 (P<0.05), which proves that the improved method of the application can effectively reduce the soil bulk density, has the effect of loosening the soil, and significantly improves the organic matter content, and has a significant effect on improving the acid soil. Figure 5 As shown in the table, the soil bulk density reduction rate and the organic matter growth rate of the group of example 5 are the highest, which are better than those of the groups of comparative examples 1-2 (P<0.05), which proves that the improved method of the application can effectively reduce the soil bulk density, has the effect of loosening the soil, and significantly improves the organic matter content, and has a significant effect on improving the acid soil.

[0134] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the application, but the protection scope of the application is not limited thereto, any person skilled in the art can make equivalent replacement or change within the technical range disclosed by the application and according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A method for soil improvement based on multi-season pineapple planting, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Deep plow the soil; mix coconut shell charcoal and quicklime powder in a mass ratio of 1:0.8-1.2 and apply them evenly to the plowed soil. After rotary plowing, continue to apply soil conditioner. The amount of coconut shell charcoal applied is 2.5-7.5 kg / mu, and the amount of soil conditioner applied is 10-30 kg / mu. After rotary plowing 1-2 times, ridges are formed to form turtle-back ridges. The soil conditioner used in step (1) is prepared using the following steps: ( a Activated bamboo powder, polyaspartic acid, and compound bacterial agent were added to Tris buffer solution with a pH of 8-9 and stirred for 10-30 min. The mixture was then sonicated for 1-2 h. Dopamine hydrochloride was added in the dark and stirred at 30-40℃ for 10-20 h. The mixture was then filtered, washed, and freeze-dried to obtain the compound loaded bacterial agent. ( b Add the compound loaded bacterial agent, gelatin, and carboxymethyl chitosan to water and stir evenly. Add the cross-linking agent and stir at 40-50℃ for 1-3 hours. Add humic acid, ferrous sulfate, calcium nitrate, and glycine chelated zinc in sequence and stir evenly. Pre-freeze at -40~-50℃ for 2-6 hours, freeze dry under vacuum, and pulverize. (2) Cover the surface of the ridge with black plastic film along the longitudinal direction of the ridge. Leave a planting hole with a diameter of 3-5cm in the black plastic film. Plant pineapple seedlings with 2-3 leaves in the planting hole and water them thoroughly. (3) Irrigate with water-dispersible fertilizer solution after transplanting pineapple seedlings; then irrigate with water-dispersible fertilizer solution 1-2 times during the flowering period; Water-dispersible fertilizer solution is obtained by diluting water-dispersible fertilizer 500-1500 times; the application rate of water-dispersible fertilizer is 50-100 kg / mu; (4) Perform routine field management and harvest after maturity.

2. The soil improvement method based on multi-season pineapple planting according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the deep tillage depth is 30-40cm.

3. The soil improvement method based on multi-season pineapple planting according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the ridge width is 100-120cm, the ridge length is 20-25m, and the furrow width after ridging is 60-70cm.

4. The soil improvement method based on multi-season pineapple planting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of activated bamboo powder, polyaspartic acid, compound microbial agent, dopamine hydrochloride, gelatin, carboxymethyl chitosan, crosslinking agent, humic acid, ferrous sulfate, calcium nitrate, and glycine chelated zinc is 15-25:1-2:1-3:1-5:1-3:3-8:0.1-0.5:1-2:0.01-0.1:1-2:0.01-0.1; The compound microbial agent includes: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Lactobacillus, with a live Bacillus subtilis count of 5-9 × 10⁻⁶. 9 cfu / g, viable Bacillus licheniformis count was 2-4 × 10⁻⁴ 9 cfu / g, viable lactobacillus count 4-8×10⁻⁶ 8 cfu / g.

5. The soil improvement method based on multi-season pineapple planting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ultrasonic frequency is 50-70kHz.

6. The soil improvement method based on multi-season pineapple planting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The molecular weight of polyaspartic acid is 1-5 kDa; the degree of deacetylation of carboxymethyl chitosan is 80-95%.

7. The soil improvement method based on multi-season pineapple planting according to claim 1, characterized in that, Activated bamboo powder is prepared by the following steps: bamboo powder, sodium alginate, and dispersant are added to water and stirred for 10-20 minutes. A compound enzyme preparation is added and stirred for another 10-20 minutes. The mixture is then added dropwise to a calcium chloride solution and stirred for 20-40 minutes. The microspheres are collected by filtration, washed, freeze-dried, added to water, and the pH of the system is adjusted to 4-5. The mixture is stirred at 40-60℃ for 1-4 hours to inactivate residual enzymes. The mixture is then filtered, washed, and vacuum-dried.

8. The soil improvement method based on multi-season pineapple planting according to claim 7, characterized in that, The mass ratio of bamboo powder, sodium alginate, dispersant, and compound enzyme preparation is 10-20:1-3:1-2:1-2; The compound enzyme preparation includes cellulase, hemicellulase, and pectinase. The enzyme activity of cellulase is 4000-8000 U / g, that of hemicellulase is 2000-4000 U / g, and that of pectinase is 1000-3000 U / g.

9. A soil conditioner for pineapple cultivation, characterized in that, The soil conditioner used in the soil improvement method based on multi-season pineapple planting as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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