Easy-to-clean glaze for ceramic articles and method of preparation

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of ceramic product's easy clean glaze and preparation method, belong to ceramic glaze technical field.The present application discloses the easy clean glaze of ceramic product includes the following weight parts raw materials: sodium feldspar 20~25 parts, kaolin 8~10 parts, modified hydrophobic silica 10~15 parts, modified hydrophilic silica 10~15 parts, limestone 7~9 parts, zinc oxide 2~3 parts, antibacterial agent 0.5~1 part.The present application is by adding modified hydrophilic silica, it has lower surface tension and good wettability, improves the adhesion of glaze and ceramic body.Modified hydrophobic silica's hydrophobic group is towards outside, very low surface energy reduces the adhesion of pollutant, micro-nano structure forms air layer and makes water bead roll away dirt, while adding bacteriostatic agent's joint action, so that easy clean glaze has easy cleaning, antibacterial and stain-resistant performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of ceramic glaze technology, and relates to an easy-clean glaze for ceramic products and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] The ease of cleaning of ceramics is an inherent property of the ceramic itself, closely related to its surface microstructure and composition, and is manifested during use. The ease of cleaning of ceramics refers to the property of oil stains not easily adhering to the ceramic surface and the automatic removal of oil stains from the ceramic surface solely through the interaction between the ceramic and water, without the influence of external surfactants or the forceful scrubbing action of external forces or tools.

[0003] The glaze on existing ceramic ware is prone to attracting dirt and is difficult to clean. This is because the glaze generally appears smooth and glossy from a distance, but close inspection reveals numerous tiny pinholes and pits on the surface. During use, substances such as limescale, fatty acids, and soap suds tend to accumulate in the uneven areas or micropores of the glaze due to various physical or chemical forces, including capillary forces, van der Waals forces, and hydrogen bonds, causing contamination that is difficult to clean. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention relates to an easy-clean glaze for ceramic products and its preparation method, belonging to the field of ceramic glaze technology. The invention discloses an easy-clean glaze for ceramic products comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-25 parts of albite, 8-10 parts of kaolin, 10-15 parts of modified hydrophobic silica, 10-15 parts of modified hydrophilic silica, 7-9 parts of limestone, 2-3 parts of zinc oxide, and 0.5-1 parts of antibacterial agent. This invention, by adding modified hydrophilic silica to the glaze, possesses low surface tension and good wettability, improving the adhesion between the glaze and the ceramic body. The modified hydrophobic silica, with its outward-facing hydrophobic groups, has extremely low surface energy, reducing contaminant adhesion; its micro-nano structure forms an air layer that allows water droplets to roll and carry away dirt; and the combined effect of the added antibacterial agent gives the easy-clean glaze excellent properties of easy cleaning, antibacterial properties, and stain resistance.

[0005] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] An easy-clean glaze for ceramic products, the easy-clean glaze comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-25 parts of sodium feldspar, 8-10 parts of kaolin, 10-15 parts of modified hydrophobic silica, 10-15 parts of modified hydrophilic silica, 7-9 parts of limestone, 2-3 parts of zinc oxide, and 0.5-1 part of antibacterial agent.

[0007] Furthermore, the method for preparing the modified hydrophobic silica includes the following steps:

[0008] (1) Mix and stir silica and anhydrous ethanol, and then perform ultrasonic treatment to obtain a solid-liquid mixture;

[0009] (2) Add tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane to the solid-liquid mixture, heat to react, then centrifuge to separate the solid, and vacuum dry the centrifuged solid to obtain modified hydrophobic silica.

[0010] Furthermore, the ultrasonic time in step (1) is 20~30 min, the heating in step (2) refers to heating to 50~60℃, the reaction time is 0.5~1 h, and the vacuum drying temperature is 50~60℃.

[0011] Furthermore, in steps (1) and (2), the mass ratio of silicon dioxide, anhydrous ethanol, and tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane is 50:25:1.

[0012] Furthermore, the preparation method of the modified hydrophilic silica includes the following steps:

[0013] A1: Tetraethyl orthosilicate and anhydrous ethanol are mixed and stirred at a mass ratio of 1:1;

[0014] A2: Then add 8% ammonia water of total mass, and the mass percentage of the ammonia water is 20%. Then stir and heat, and after cooling, modified hydrophilic silica is obtained.

[0015] Furthermore, the stirring time in step A1 is 5~10 minutes, the heating in step A2 refers to heating to 200~250℃, and the cooling refers to cooling to 25~30℃.

[0016] Furthermore, the easy-clean glaze of the ceramic product is applied in the field of daily-use ceramics.

[0017] The method of using the above-mentioned easy-clean glaze for ceramic products includes the following steps:

[0018] S1: Modified hydrophilic silica dissolves in water to form a mixed solution A, which is sprayed onto the surface of a ceramic green body and dried to obtain ceramic green body 1;

[0019] S2: Sodium feldspar, kaolin, limestone, zinc oxide and antibacterial agent are put into a ball mill for ball milling to mix the raw materials. Then the mixture is heated and melted, cooled and cooled to form a molten block. The molten block is crushed, water is added and ball milled to obtain a slurry, which is then coated on the surface of ceramic body 1. The ceramic body 2 is obtained by high-temperature calcination.

[0020] S3: Dissolve modified hydrophobic silica in n-hexane to form a mixed solution B, spray it onto the surface of ceramic blank 2, and dry it to obtain ceramic products.

[0021] Further, in step S1, the mass ratio of modified silica to water is 1:1, the drying temperature is 100~120℃, in step S2, the antibacterial agent is composed of nano copper and silver nitrate in a mass ratio of 1:1, in step S2, the heating temperature is 900~1200℃, the cooling temperature is 25~30℃, and the sieve mesh size is 250~300 mesh.

[0022] Furthermore, the high-temperature calcination temperature in step S2 is 1000~1300℃, the mass ratio of modified hydrophobic silica to n-hexane in step S3 is 1:1, and the drying temperature is 90~120℃.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0024] (1) By adding modified hydrophilic silica to the glaze, it has low surface tension and good wettability, which improves the adhesion between the glaze and the glaze body. The hydrophobic groups of the modified hydrophobic silica face outward, and the extremely low surface energy reduces the adhesion of pollutants. The micro-nano structure forms an air layer that allows water droplets to roll and carry away dirt, giving the glaze the property of being resistant to staining.

[0025] (2) The antibacterial agent added to the glaze is composed of nano-copper and silver nitrate. Nano-copper generates copper ions through oxidation, and copper ions have a strong bactericidal ability, which can destroy the cell wall and cell membrane of bacteria. Silver ions from the decomposition of silver nitrate can destroy the cell membrane and cause bacterial DNA to break. Nano-copper and silver nitrate work together inside and outside the bacterial cell membrane to achieve a thorough bactericidal effect. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with embodiments, is provided below.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] An easy-clean glaze for ceramic products, the easy-clean glaze comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of sodium feldspar, 8 parts of kaolin, 10 parts of modified hydrophobic silica, 10 parts of modified hydrophilic silica, 7 parts of limestone, 2 parts of zinc oxide, and 0.5 parts of antibacterial agent.

[0029] The preparation method of modified hydrophobic silica includes the following steps:

[0030] (1) Mix and stir silica and anhydrous ethanol, and then perform ultrasonic treatment to obtain a solid-liquid mixture;

[0031] (2) Add tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane to the solid-liquid mixture, heat to react, then centrifuge to separate the solid, and vacuum dry the centrifuged solid to obtain modified hydrophobic silica.

[0032] The ultrasonic time in step (1) is 20 min, the heating in step (2) refers to heating to 50℃, the reaction time is 0.5 h, and the vacuum drying temperature is 50℃.

[0033] In steps (1) and (2), the mass ratio of silicon dioxide, anhydrous ethanol, and tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane is 50:25:1.

[0034] The preparation method of modified hydrophilic silica includes the following steps:

[0035] A1: Tetraethyl orthosilicate and anhydrous ethanol are mixed and stirred at a mass ratio of 1:1;

[0036] A2: Then add 8% ammonia water of total mass, and the mass percentage of the ammonia water is 20%. Then stir and heat, and after cooling, modified hydrophilic silica is obtained.

[0037] The stirring time in step A1 is 5 minutes, the heating in step A2 refers to heating to 200°C, and the cooling refers to cooling to 25°C.

[0038] The easy-clean glaze of the ceramic products is used in the field of daily-use ceramics.

[0039] The application method for easy-clean glazes on ceramic products includes the following steps:

[0040] S1: 10 parts by weight of modified hydrophilic silica are dissolved in water to form a mixed solution A, which is sprayed onto the surface of a ceramic green body and dried to obtain ceramic green body 1;

[0041] S2: 20 parts by weight of sodium feldspar, 8 parts by weight of kaolin, 7 parts by weight of limestone, 2 parts by weight of zinc oxide and 0.5 parts by weight of antibacterial agent are put into a ball mill for ball milling to mix the raw materials. Then the mixture is heated and melted, cooled and cooled to form a molten block. The molten block is crushed, water is added and ball milled to obtain a slurry, which is then coated on the surface of ceramic body 1 and calcined at high temperature to obtain ceramic body 2.

[0042] S3: Dissolve 10 parts by weight of modified hydrophobic silica in n-hexane to form a mixed solution B, spray it onto the surface of ceramic body 2, and dry it to obtain ceramic products.

[0043] In step S1, the mass ratio of modified silica to water is 1:1, the drying temperature is 100℃, the antibacterial agent in step S2 is composed of nano copper and silver nitrate in a mass ratio of 1:1, the heating temperature in step S2 is 1000℃, the cooling temperature is 25℃, and the sieve mesh size is 250 mesh.

[0044] The high-temperature calcination temperature in step S2 is 1000℃, the mass ratio of modified hydrophobic silica to n-hexane in step S3 is 1:1, and the drying temperature is 90℃.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] An easy-clean glaze for ceramic products, the easy-clean glaze for ceramic products comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 23 parts of sodium feldspar, 9 parts of kaolin, 13 parts of modified hydrophobic silica, 13 parts of modified hydrophilic silica, 8 parts of limestone, 2.5 parts of zinc oxide, and 0.8 parts of antibacterial agent.

[0047] The preparation method of modified hydrophobic silica includes the following steps:

[0048] (1) Mix and stir silica and anhydrous ethanol, and then perform ultrasonic treatment to obtain a solid-liquid mixture;

[0049] (2) Add tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane to the solid-liquid mixture, heat to react, then centrifuge to separate the solid, and vacuum dry the centrifuged solid to obtain modified hydrophobic silica.

[0050] The ultrasonic time in step (1) is 25 min, the heating in step (2) refers to heating to 55℃, the reaction time is 0.5 h, and the vacuum drying temperature is 55℃.

[0051] In steps (1) and (2), the mass ratio of silicon dioxide, anhydrous ethanol, and tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane is 50:25:1.

[0052] The preparation method of modified hydrophilic silica includes the following steps:

[0053] A1: Tetraethyl orthosilicate and anhydrous ethanol are mixed and stirred at a mass ratio of 1:1;

[0054] A2: Then add 8% ammonia water of total mass, and the mass percentage of the ammonia water is 20%. Then stir and heat, and after cooling, modified hydrophilic silica is obtained.

[0055] The stirring time in step A1 is 8 minutes, the heating in step A2 refers to heating to 230°C, and the cooling refers to cooling to 28°C.

[0056] The easy-clean glaze of the ceramic products is used in the field of daily-use ceramics.

[0057] The application method for easy-clean glazes on ceramic products includes the following steps:

[0058] S1: 13 parts by weight of modified hydrophilic silica dissolved in water to form a mixed solution A, which was sprayed onto the surface of a ceramic green body and dried to obtain ceramic green body 1;

[0059] S2: 23 parts by weight of sodium feldspar, 9 parts by weight of kaolin, 8 parts by weight of limestone, 2.5 parts by weight of zinc oxide and 0.8 parts by weight of antibacterial agent are put into a ball mill for ball milling to mix the raw materials. Then the mixture is heated and melted, cooled and cooled to form a molten block. The molten block is crushed, water is added and ball milled to obtain a slurry, which is then coated on the surface of ceramic body 1 and calcined at high temperature to obtain ceramic body 2.

[0060] S3: Dissolve 13 parts by weight of modified hydrophobic silica in n-hexane to form a mixed solution B, spray it onto the surface of ceramic blank 2, and dry it to obtain ceramic products.

[0061] In step S1, the mass ratio of modified silica to water is 1:1, the drying temperature is 110℃, the antibacterial agent in step S2 is composed of nano copper and silver nitrate in a mass ratio of 1:1, the heating temperature in step S2 is 1000℃, the cooling temperature is 28℃, and the sieve mesh size is 280 mesh.

[0062] The high-temperature calcination temperature in step S2 is 1100℃, the mass ratio of modified hydrophobic silica to n-hexane in step S3 is 1:1, and the drying temperature is 100℃.

[0063] Example 3

[0064] An easy-clean glaze for ceramic products, the easy-clean glaze for ceramic products comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of sodium feldspar, 10 parts of kaolin, 15 parts of modified hydrophobic silica, 15 parts of modified hydrophilic silica, 9 parts of limestone, 3 parts of zinc oxide, and 1 part of antibacterial agent.

[0065] The preparation method of modified hydrophobic silica includes the following steps:

[0066] (1) Mix and stir silica and anhydrous ethanol, and then perform ultrasonic treatment to obtain a solid-liquid mixture;

[0067] (2) Add tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane to the solid-liquid mixture, heat to react, then centrifuge to separate the solid, and vacuum dry the centrifuged solid to obtain modified hydrophobic silica.

[0068] The ultrasonic time in step (1) is 30 min, the heating in step (2) refers to heating to 60℃, the reaction time is 1 h, and the vacuum drying temperature is 60℃.

[0069] In steps (1) and (2), the mass ratio of silicon dioxide, anhydrous ethanol, and tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane is 50:25:1.

[0070] The preparation method of modified hydrophilic silica includes the following steps:

[0071] A1: Tetraethyl orthosilicate and anhydrous ethanol are mixed and stirred at a mass ratio of 1:1;

[0072] A2: Then add 8% ammonia water of total mass, and the mass percentage of the ammonia water is 20%. Then stir and heat, and after cooling, modified hydrophilic silica is obtained.

[0073] The stirring time in step A1 is 10 minutes, the heating in step A2 refers to heating to 250°C, and the cooling refers to cooling to 30°C.

[0074] The easy-clean glaze of the ceramic products is used in the field of daily-use ceramics.

[0075] The application method for easy-clean glazes on ceramic products includes the following steps:

[0076] S1: 15 parts by weight of modified hydrophilic silica dissolved in water to form a mixed solution A, which was sprayed onto the surface of a ceramic green body and dried to obtain ceramic green body 1;

[0077] S2: 25 parts by weight of sodium feldspar, 10 parts by weight of kaolin, 9 parts by weight of limestone, 3 parts by weight of zinc oxide and 1 part by weight of antibacterial agent are put into a ball mill for ball milling to mix the raw materials. Then the mixture is heated and melted, cooled and cooled to form a molten block. The molten block is crushed, water is added and ball milled to obtain a slurry, which is then coated on the surface of ceramic body 1 and calcined at high temperature to obtain ceramic body 2.

[0078] S3: Dissolve 15 parts by weight of modified hydrophobic silica in n-hexane to form a mixed solution B, spray it onto the surface of ceramic blank 2, and dry it to obtain ceramic products.

[0079] In step S1, the mass ratio of modified silica to water is 1:1, the drying temperature is 120°C, the antibacterial agent in step S2 is composed of nano-copper and silver nitrate in a mass ratio of 1:1, the heating temperature in step S2 is 1000°C, the cooling temperature is 30°C, and the sieve mesh size is 300 mesh.

[0080] The high-temperature calcination temperature in step S2 is 1300℃, the mass ratio of modified hydrophobic silica to n-hexane in step S3 is 1:1, and the drying temperature is 120℃.

[0081] Comparative Example 1

[0082] Based on Example 2, the mixed solution A in step S1 of the easy-clean glaze application process for ceramic products was removed and replaced with an equal weight of silica sol, while other conditions remained the same as in Example 2.

[0083] Comparative Example 2

[0084] Based on Example 2, the mixed solution B in step S3 of the process of using the easy-clean glaze for ceramic products was removed and replaced with an equal part by weight of silica sol, while other conditions remained the same as in Example 2.

[0085] Comparative Example 3

[0086] Based on Example 2, the nano-copper in the preparation process of the easy-clean glaze of the ceramic product and the nano-copper in the raw material components were removed and replaced with an equal mass of silver nitrate, while other conditions were the same as in Example 2.

[0087] Comparative Example 4

[0088] Based on Example 2, sodium nitrate in the preparation process of easy-clean glaze for ceramic products and sodium nitrate in the raw material components were removed and replaced with an equal mass of nano copper, while other conditions remained the same as in Example 2.

[0089] 1. Ceramic easy-cleaning and stain-resistant performance test

[0090] Easy-clean performance test: The glazes prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 2 were applied to ceramic products as samples. The easy-clean performance was expressed as the amount of oil residue per unit area on the sample surface. That is, the easy-clean performance of the ceramic products was evaluated by rinsing the ceramic sample with water for 1 minute and measuring the amount of oil residue per unit area on the ceramic surface.

[0091] Stain resistance test: The ceramic products prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 2 were used as samples and placed near the drain of a washbasin. To ensure that each sample was in the same environment, the samples were moved clockwise to the next adjacent position every week. Under normal use conditions, the test was conducted after 6 months. The samples were dried in an oven to constant weight and weighed on an electronic balance (accurate to 0.1 mg) as W1. Then the samples were cleaned, dried to constant weight, and weighed again as W2. The weight was calculated using the following formula:

[0092] Residual dirt: W = W1 - W2;

[0093] Residual dirt per unit area: A = W / S;

[0094] Note: S—Area (unit: cm²) 2 )

[0095] A—Residual amount of dirt per unit area (unit: mg / cm²) 2 )

[0096] Table 1 shows the test results of the easy-cleaning and stain-resistant properties of ceramics in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 2.

[0097] Table 1. Test results of easy-to-clean and stain-resistant properties of ceramics

[0098]

[0099] As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the easy-cleaning and stain-resistant properties of Examples 1-3 are all greater than those of Comparative Example 2. The modified hydrophobic silica has hydrophobic groups facing outwards, resulting in extremely low surface energy that reduces contaminant adhesion. Its micro / nano structure forms an air layer that allows water droplets to roll and carry away dirt, giving the glaze excellent stain resistance.

[0100] 2. Wear resistance test

[0101] The ceramic products prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 were used as samples. The wear resistance of the ceramic glaze surface was determined by the method of GB / T3810.7-2006. The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0102] Table 2 Abrasion resistance test results

[0103]

[0104] As can be seen from Table 2, the wear resistance grades of Examples 1-3 are greater than those of Comparative Example 1. The glaze with modified hydrophilic silica has lower surface tension and better wettability, improving the adhesion between the glaze and the glaze body, thereby enhancing wear resistance.

[0105] 3. Antibacterial performance test

[0106] The glazes prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 3-4 were used as samples. The antibacterial rate was determined according to the test method in JC / T 897-2014 Antibacterial Ceramic Products. The test results of antibacterial performance are shown in Table 3.

[0107] Table 3 Antibacterial performance test results

[0108]

[0109] The data in Table 3 show that the antibacterial rates of Examples 1-3 are greater than those of Comparative Examples 3-4. Nano-copper oxidation generates copper ions, which possess strong bactericidal capabilities, capable of disrupting bacterial cell walls and membranes. Silver ions from the decomposition of silver nitrate can damage the outer layer of the cell membrane, causing DNA breakage in bacteria. Nano-copper and silver nitrate work synergistically inside and outside the bacterial cell membrane to enhance bactericidal efficiency.

[0110] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An easy-clean glaze for ceramic products, characterized in that, The easy-clean glaze of the ceramic product comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-25 parts of sodium feldspar, 8-10 parts of kaolin, 10-15 parts of modified hydrophobic silica, 10-15 parts of modified hydrophilic silica, 7-9 parts of limestone, 2-3 parts of zinc oxide, and 0.5-1 part of antibacterial agent. The method for preparing the modified hydrophobic silica includes the following steps: (1) Mix and stir silica and anhydrous ethanol, and then perform ultrasonic treatment to obtain a solid-liquid mixture; (2) Add tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane to the solid-liquid mixture, heat to react, then centrifuge to separate, and vacuum dry the centrifuged solid to obtain modified hydrophobic silica. The method for preparing the modified hydrophilic silica includes the following steps: A1: Tetraethyl orthosilicate and anhydrous ethanol are mixed and stirred at a mass ratio of 1:1; A2: Then add 8% ammonia water of total mass, and the mass percentage of the ammonia water is 20%. Then stir and heat, and after cooling, modified hydrophilic silica is obtained.

2. The easy-clean glaze for ceramic products according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ultrasonic time in step (1) is 20-30 min, the heating in step (2) refers to heating to 50-60℃, the reaction time is 0.5-1 h, and the vacuum drying temperature is 50-60℃.

3. The easy-clean glaze for ceramic products according to claim 1, characterized in that, In steps (1) and (2), the mass ratio of silicon dioxide, anhydrous ethanol, and tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane is 50:25:

1.

4. The easy-clean glaze for ceramic products according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stirring time in step A1 is 5-10 minutes, the heating in step A2 refers to heating to 200-250°C, and the cooling refers to cooling to 25-30°C.

5. The easy-clean glaze for ceramic products according to claim 1, characterized in that, The easy-clean glaze of the ceramic products is used in the field of daily-use ceramics.

6. A method of using an easy-clean glaze for ceramic products as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The method of using the easy-clean glaze on the ceramic products includes the following steps: S1: Modified hydrophilic silica dissolves in water to form a mixed solution A, which is sprayed onto the surface of a ceramic green body and dried to obtain ceramic green body 1; S2: Sodium feldspar, kaolin, limestone, zinc oxide and antibacterial agent are put into a ball mill for ball milling to mix the raw materials. Then the mixture is heated and melted, cooled and cooled to form a molten block. The molten block is crushed, water is added and ball milled and sieved to obtain a slurry. This slurry is then coated on the surface of ceramic body 1 and calcined at high temperature to obtain ceramic body 2. S3: Dissolve modified hydrophobic silica in n-hexane to form a mixed solution B, spray it onto the surface of ceramic blank 2, and dry it to obtain ceramic products.

7. The method of using an easy-clean glaze for ceramic products according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S1, the mass ratio of modified silica to water is 1:1, the drying temperature is 100~120℃, the antibacterial agent in step S2 is composed of nano copper and silver nitrate in a mass ratio of 1:1, the heating temperature in step S2 is 900~1200℃, the cooling temperature is 25~30℃, and the sieve mesh size is 250~300 mesh.

8. The method of using an easy-clean glaze for ceramic products according to claim 6, characterized in that, The high-temperature calcination temperature in step S2 is 1000~1300℃, the mass ratio of modified hydrophobic silica to n-hexane in step S3 is 1:1, and the drying temperature is 90~120℃.

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