Power equipment operation fault detection system and method based on big data

Abstract

The application provides a power equipment operation fault detection system and method based on big data, and belongs to the field of fault detection; solves the problem of low power equipment fault detection efficiency; and specifically as follows: calculating power consumption power, reversely calculating the power and voltage of each transformer substation according to the power consumption power and the topological relationship of the transformer substation in a target area, determining an abnormal transformer substation; detecting whether the transformer of the abnormal transformer substation is normal; if not, determining an abnormal type; if normal, analyzing whether the power, voltage and mechanical vibration of a power station are normal according to the power consumption power, judging whether a generator is normal, and positioning a fault area of a power transmission conductor; the application acquires, analyzes and processes relevant parameters during the operation of power equipment in a target area, judges the fault type of the power equipment, and improves the stability of the operation of the power equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a power equipment operation fault detection system and method based on big data, and pertains to the field of fault detection. Background Technology

[0002] Existing systems or methods for detecting operational faults in power equipment have the following shortcomings:

[0003] Technical Limitations: Current power equipment fault detection systems have significant technical limitations, mainly in three aspects: real-time performance, accuracy, and adaptability. Regarding real-time performance, most systems employ periodic detection rather than continuous monitoring, leading to delays in fault response and difficulty in timely detection of sudden faults. In terms of accuracy, traditional detection methods, such as threshold alarms, are easily affected by environmental interference, resulting in numerous false alarms and missed alarms, particularly lacking the ability to identify early, subtle fault characteristics. Regarding adaptability, existing systems are often designed for specific equipment or fault types, lacking the ability to adapt to new equipment types and complex faults, and performing poorly when facing power system equipment updates and topology changes.

[0004] Data processing and analysis issues: The current system has significant deficiencies in data processing and analysis. The traditional statistical methods used in some existing power equipment fault detection systems are difficult to process nonlinear and non-stationary power equipment signals. Furthermore, the system has weak fusion processing capabilities for multi-source heterogeneous data, which makes it impossible to fully utilize the multi-dimensional information of the equipment for comprehensive judgment, thus limiting the accuracy of fault diagnosis.

[0005] Cost and maintenance challenges: The current deployment of some power equipment fault detection systems requires a large number of specialized sensors and monitoring devices, resulting in huge initial investment costs, which is a heavy burden, especially for small power companies; the training of professional maintenance teams and long-term operation and maintenance investment further increase the total cost of ownership, which is not conducive to large-scale implementation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a power equipment operation fault detection system and method based on big data, aiming to solve the problem of low efficiency in power equipment fault detection.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A power equipment operation fault detection system based on big data includes:

[0008] Data acquisition module: used to obtain the number of municipal districts in the target area, obtain historical electricity consumption data for each municipal district, and perform time-series analysis on the historical electricity consumption data to calculate the power consumption of each municipal district;

[0009] Data fitting module: Used to obtain the initial dielectric loss factor, transmission voltage, and cable surface temperature of the main transmission cables in each municipal district, calculate the real-time dielectric loss factor, and determine whether the main transmission cables are severely aged; if severely aged, it monitors the change in the surface temperature of the main transmission cables to determine whether the main transmission cables are cracked; if not severely aged, no action is taken; based on the power consumption of each municipal district and the topology of the substations in the target area, it reverse-calculates the power and voltage of each substation to identify abnormal substations;

[0010] Operational analysis module: used to obtain the output power and output voltage of the upstream substation or power plant of the abnormal substation, and to detect whether the transformer of the abnormal substation is normal;

[0011] If an anomaly is detected, skip the subsequent steps and determine the type of anomaly in the transformer.

[0012] If normal, then analyze the power, voltage and mechanical vibration of the power station based on the power consumption of each municipal district to determine whether the generator is normal;

[0013] If an error occurs, skip the subsequent steps.

[0014] If normal, inspect the power transmission line and locate the fault area in the power transmission line;

[0015] Continuous monitoring module: Used to update the power consumption of each municipal district and continuously monitor generators, transformers, transmission lines and cables in the target area.

[0016] Furthermore, the workflow of the data fitting module is as follows:

[0017] Obtain the power consumption pi of the first to the nth municipal districts. (1) ~pi (mn) ;

[0018] Inspect the main power transmission cables of the first to mn municipal districts to determine if they are severely aged.

[0019] If the main transmission cable is severely aged, monitor the change in surface temperature of the main transmission cable to determine if the main transmission cable is cracked; if it is not severely aged, no action is taken.

[0020] Based on the power consumption of each municipal district and the topology of substations in the target area, the power and voltage of each substation are calculated in reverse to identify abnormal substations.

[0021] Based on the topological relationship of the substations supplying power to the first municipal district, analyze the power and voltage of the substations directly or indirectly connected to the first municipal district, and determine the abnormal substations corresponding to the first municipal district.

[0022] Detect the substations corresponding to the 2nd to mnth municipal districts.

[0023] Furthermore, the workflow for inspecting the main power transmission cables of the first municipal district is as follows:

[0024] Obtain the insulation weight (ms), insulation area (As), and initial dielectric loss factor (δ) of the main transmission cable. (0) ;

[0025] Obtain the convection coefficient hs and specific heat capacity c. p Calculate the cooling constant ks:

[0026] Obtain the transmission voltage Vs and current frequency fs of the main transmission cable; obtain the capacitance Cs of the internal conductors of the main transmission cable; and assume the transmission loss power is P. (loss) The dielectric loss factor of the conductors inside the current main power transmission cable is δ. (now) Define formula 1-1:

[0027] P (loss) = 2 × π × fs × Cs × (Vs) 2 ×δ (now) ;

[0028] To obtain the conductor diameter dw, and assuming the conductor temperature is Tw, define formula 1-2:

[0029]

[0030] Obtain the ambient temperature Te and the cable surface temperature Ts, and assume the actual temperature is Tl;

[0031] Calculate the value of Tl:

[0032]

[0033] Construct equations 1-3:

[0034]

[0035] Calculate δ (now) The value of is used to obtain the dielectric loss increment ratio ta(δ);

[0036] Compare the values ​​of ta(δ) and 1.8 to determine whether the main power transmission cable is severely aged;

[0037] If ta(δ)≥1.8, it indicates that the main power transmission cable is severely aged;

[0038] Record the current conductor temperature Tw and cable surface temperature Ts;

[0039] Obtain the conductor temperature Tw after a specific time. (next)以及 Cable surface temperature Ts (next)Calculate the temperature change coefficient ch(T):

[0040]

[0041] Compare ch(T) with 0.2 to determine if the main power transmission cable is cracked;

[0042] If ch(T)≤0.2, then the main power transmission cable is not cracked;

[0043] If ch(T) > 0.2, the main power transmission cable is cracked;

[0044] If ta(δ) < 1.8, it indicates that the main power transmission cable is not severely aged;

[0045] Inspect the main power transmission cables corresponding to the 2nd to mnth municipal districts.

[0046] Furthermore, the workflow for handling abnormal substations is determined as follows:

[0047] Let substation A be the one directly connected to the first municipal district. Analyze the power and voltage of substation A.

[0048] Scenario 1: Station A only supplies power to the first municipal district;

[0049] Obtain the actual output power Pw of station A (true) Actual output current Iw (true) The received current Ip is obtained from the power supply of the first municipal district receiving station A.

[0050] Let the expected output power of station A be Pw. (1) Construct equation 2-1-1:

[0051] Where * indicates conjugate;

[0052] Obtain the actual input power Pe of station A (true) Actual input current Ie (true) ;

[0053] Obtain the impedance Z of station A (1) Admittance Y (1) ;

[0054] Let Pe be the expected input power of station A. (1) Formula 2-1-2 is constructed as follows:

[0055] Among them, Ib (1) Ib represents the excitation current of station A. (1) The formula for calculation is:

[0056] Calculate Pw according to Equation 2-1-1 and Formula 2-1-2 (1) With Pe (1) The value;

[0057] Determine Pw (1) With Pw (true) Whether the numerical difference is within ε; where ε represents the error determination coefficient, and the value of ε is 5%; users or relevant technical personnel can adjust the value of ε according to actual needs;

[0058] If Pw (1) With Pw (true) If the numerical difference is within ε, then Pe is judged. (1) With Pe (true) Is the numerical difference within ε?

[0059] If Pe (1) With Pe (true) If the numerical difference is within ε, then station A is normal;

[0060] If Pe (1) With Pe (true) If the numerical difference is not within ε, then Station A is temporarily classified as an abnormal substation.

[0061] If Pw (1) With Pw (true) If the numerical difference is not within ε, then Station A is determined to be an abnormal substation.

[0062] Scenario 2: Station A supplies power to the number of municipal districts.

[0063] Furthermore, the workflow for scenario two is as follows:

[0064] The municipal district directly connected to Station A is designated as District AA; the electricity consumption rate pia of Districts 1, 2, up to the an-th District AA is obtained. (1) ,pia (2) ~pia (an) And the receiving current Ipa of the power supplied by station A (1) Ipa (2) ~Ipa (an) ;

[0065] Where an represents the number of regions aa;

[0066] pia (1) ~pia (an) Calculate the equivalent received voltage Upa in region AA using api and api:

[0067] Among them, pia (i) and Ipa(i) These represent the power consumption rate and received current of the i-th aa zone, respectively;

[0068] Obtain the actual output voltage Uw of station A (true) Let the desired output voltage of station A be Uw. (1) Construct equation 2-2-1:

[0069]

[0070] Calculate Uw according to equation 2-2-1 (1) Determine the value of Uw (1) With Uw (true) Is the numerical difference within ε?

[0071] Uw (1) With Uw (true) If the numerical difference is within ε, then station A is normal;

[0072] If Uw (1) With Uw (true) If the numerical difference is not within ε, then determine whether formula 2-2-2 holds true. Formula 2-2-2 is:

[0073]

[0074] If formula 2-2-2 holds true, then station A will be temporarily classified as an abnormal substation.

[0075] If formula 2-2-2 does not hold true, then station A is determined to be an abnormal substation.

[0076] Take the substation directly connected to station A as station B, and determine whether station A and station B are abnormal substations based on the topology of station B.

[0077] Scenario 3: Station B is only connected to Station A.

[0078] Furthermore, the workflow for scenario three is as follows:

[0079] Obtain the actual input power Pe of station A (true) Actual input voltage Ue (true) ;

[0080] Obtain the actual output power Po of station B (true) Actual output voltage Uo (true) ;

[0081] Calculate the equivalent admittance Yo when station B transmits power to station A:

[0082]

[0083] Equivalent main circuit current Io:

[0084]

[0085] Equivalent impedance Zo:

[0086]

[0087] Calculate the apparent power Pss:

[0088]

[0089] Extract the real and imaginary parts of Pss to obtain the expected active power Pz and expected reactive power Qz when transmitting power at station B;

[0090] Obtain the actual active power Pz of station B during power transmission. (true) Actual reactive power Qz (true) Determine whether formula 3-1-1 is true. Formula 3-1-1 is as follows:

[0091]

[0092] If formula 3-1-1 holds true, then the impedance Z of station B can be obtained. (2) Admittance Y (2) ;

[0093] The actual input power of station B is Pez. (true) Actual input voltage Uez (true) ;

[0094] Let Pe be the expected input power of station B. (2) Formula 3-1-2 is constructed as follows:

[0095]

[0096] Calculate Pe (2) Determine the value of Pe (2) With Pez (true) Is the numerical difference within ε?

[0097] If Pe (2) With Pez (true) If the numerical difference is within ε, then Station B is normal; determine whether Station A is temporarily listed as an abnormal substation.

[0098] If Station A is temporarily classified as an abnormal substation, then determine whether Formula 3-1-3 is true. Formula 3-1-3 is as follows:

[0099]

[0100] If formula 3-1-3 holds true, then station A is normal;

[0101] If formula 3-1-3 does not hold true, then station A is determined to be an abnormal substation.

[0102] If Pe (2) With Pez (true) If the numerical difference is not within ε, then Station B is an abnormal substation;

[0103] If station B connects to multiple substations, repeat the processing steps in scenario two to determine whether station B is an abnormal substation.

[0104] Furthermore, the workflow of the operation analysis module is as follows:

[0105] Determine whether the abnormal substation is directly connected to the power station;

[0106] If the abnormal substation is directly connected to the power station, then the output power of the power station directly connected to the abnormal substation is taken as Pg, and the output voltage is taken as Ug.

[0107] Obtain the actual input power Px of the abnormal substation (true) Actual output voltage Ur (true) And the ratio rt;

[0108] Calculate the expected input voltage Ut of the abnormal substation:

[0109] Obtain the actual input voltage Uu of the abnormal substation (true) and actual input power Pu (true) ;

[0110] Calculate the equivalent admittance Yu from the power plant to the abnormal substation:

[0111]

[0112] Adjust the transformer ratio of the abnormal substation to RTT:

[0113] Calculate the equivalent admittance Yuu after abnormal substation changes:

[0114] Keeping the power output and voltage of the power plant constant, obtain the new actual input power Pxx(true);

[0115] Calculate the expected input power Py of the abnormal substation:

[0116] Py=Pg-[(Ug-Ut)×Yuu×(Ug-Ut) * ];

[0117] Comparing Py's Pxx (true) Size determines the type of fault in the abnormal substation;

[0118] If Py equals Pxx (true) If the abnormal transformer is normal, locate the power station corresponding to the abnormal substation, analyze the power, voltage and mechanical vibration of the power station based on the power consumption of each municipal district, and determine whether the generator is normal.

[0119] If Py is greater than Pxx (true) This indicates that the abnormal transformer is causing an anomaly on the output side of the downstream substation or the municipal area.

[0120] If Py is less than Pxx (true) This indicates that there is an abnormality on the input side of the transformer receiving power from the upstream substation or power plant.

[0121] If the abnormal substation is not directly connected to the power station, the input power of the upstream substation is obtained; the input power of the upstream substation is regarded as the input power of the power station, the abnormality type of the transformer is determined, and the subsequent process is skipped.

[0122] Furthermore, the workflow for inspecting a power plant is as follows:

[0123] Obtain the actual active power Pj of the power plant and calculate pi. (1) ~pi (mn) and APm;

[0124] Compare the magnitudes of Pj and APm;

[0125] If Pj≥APm, then a high-frequency current sensor or voltage sensor is installed at the neutral point, output terminal or winding position of the generator to obtain the traveling wave signal of the generator in the power generation project; the characteristic frequency of the traveling wave signal is extracted using fast Fourier transform and compared with the fault frequency of the generator.

[0126] If the characteristic frequency does not overlap with the fault frequency, the generator is normal. Inspect the transmission line and locate the fault area of ​​the transmission line.

[0127] If the characteristic frequency overlaps with the fault frequency, it indicates that the generator is experiencing abnormal mechanical vibration, prompting power plant staff to conduct maintenance.

[0128] If Pj < APm, then obtain the current actual reactive power Qg of the generator; adjust the active power of the generator to APm, and record the new reactive power Qgg of the generator. (true) ;

[0129] Let the expected reactive power of the generator be Qgi, and define equation 4:

[0130]

[0131] Calculate the value of Qgi according to Equation 4;

[0132] Determine Qgi and Qgg (true) Is the numerical difference within ε?

[0133] If it is present, it indicates that the power station is normal, and the transmission lines should be checked.

[0134] If it is not present, it indicates that the power generation capacity of the power plant is abnormal.

[0135] Furthermore, the workflow for inspecting power transmission lines is as follows:

[0136] Obtain the maximum withstand temperature T of the transmission line. (max) Convection coefficient ht, diameter Dt, and resistance per unit length Rd:

[0137] Let the ambient temperature be T. (cov) Let Ld be the length of the transmission line from a power plant to a substation, or from a power plant to another substation, or from a power plant to a certain municipality. Let Is be the maximum transmission current of the transmission line. (max) Construct relation 5:

[0138]

[0139] Calculate the maximum transmission current of all transmission lines in the target area based on Equation 5;

[0140] The actual transmission current of all transmission lines within the target area is detected, and areas where the actual transmission current is greater than the maximum transmission current are marked as fault areas of the transmission lines.

[0141] Big data-based methods for detecting operational faults in power equipment include:

[0142] Step S1: Used to obtain the number of municipal districts in the target area, obtain the historical electricity consumption data of each municipal district, and perform time-series analysis on the historical electricity consumption data to calculate the power consumption of each municipal district;

[0143] Step S2: Used to obtain the initial dielectric loss factor, transmission voltage and cable surface temperature of the main transmission cable in each municipal district, calculate the real-time dielectric loss factor and determine whether the main transmission cable is severely aged; if severely aged, monitor the change in the surface temperature of the main transmission cable to determine whether the main transmission cable is cracked; if not severely aged, no action is taken.

[0144] Based on the power consumption of each municipal district and the topology of substations in the target area, the power and voltage of each substation are calculated in reverse to identify abnormal substations.

[0145] Step S3: Obtain the input power of the upstream substation or power plant of the abnormal substation, and check whether the transformer of the abnormal substation is normal.

[0146] If an error occurs, skip the subsequent steps;

[0147] If normal, locate the power station corresponding to the abnormal substation, analyze the power, voltage and mechanical vibration of the power station based on the power consumption of each municipal district, and determine whether the generator is normal; if abnormal, skip the subsequent steps.

[0148] If normal, inspect the power transmission line and locate the fault area in the power transmission line;

[0149] Step S4: Update the power consumption of each municipal district and continuously monitor generators, transformers, transmission lines and transmission cables in the target area.

[0150] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0151] Improvements in substation condition monitoring: This invention can promptly detect potential problems in transformers, power plants, and transmission lines by analyzing the voltage, power factor, and power flow of each node; compared with traditional threshold alarms, trend analysis based on power flow changes can detect equipment performance degradation earlier; at the same time, power flow calculation supports the optimization of substation operation mode, and improves power quality by adjusting the power distribution of the substation.

[0152] Enhanced Transformer Fault Diagnosis: This invention improves the sensitivity of detecting early transformer faults by performing power flow analysis on substations and urban areas. Compared with traditional oil chromatography analysis, this method has the advantages of fast response speed and no need for offline detection. In addition, by combining temperature field simulation, this invention can assess the aging degree of transmission lines under different load and environmental conditions, providing a basis for transformer load scheduling.

[0153] Optimization of transmission line load assessment: The system of this invention can accurately calculate key parameters such as conductor temperature, power, voltage, and current by tracking the power flow of the line in real time, avoiding the errors of traditional empirical formulas. In addition, the power flow calculation supports the correlation analysis between conductor aging and load. This system can accurately identify the load rate and temperature rise of each section of the line, providing a quantitative basis for aging assessment. Furthermore, the system can also simulate the power flow transfer of power equipment after changes in operating parameters, effectively preventing cascading failures. Attached Figure Description

[0154] Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0155] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;

[0156] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the method of the present invention;

[0157] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the detection process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0158] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0159] Example 1

[0160] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 3 The power equipment operation fault detection system based on big data includes:

[0161] Data acquisition module: used to obtain the number of municipal districts in the target area, obtain historical electricity consumption data for each municipal district, and perform time-series analysis on the historical electricity consumption data to calculate the power consumption of each municipal district;

[0162] It should be noted that, in this invention, "target area" refers to a city-level region where this invention is used for detecting operational faults in power equipment;

[0163] The electricity consumption of each municipal district over the past month was obtained as historical electricity consumption data. The ARIMA model was used to perform time series analysis on the historical electricity consumption data, and the total electricity consumption of each municipal district in the next day was estimated as the expected electricity consumption of each municipal district.

[0164] Data fitting module: used to obtain the initial dielectric loss factor (i.e., dielectric loss tangent), transmission voltage and cable surface temperature of the main transmission cable in each municipal district, calculate the real-time dielectric loss factor and determine whether the main transmission cable is severely aged; if severely aged, monitor the change in the surface temperature of the main transmission cable to determine whether the main transmission cable is cracked; if not severely aged, no action is taken.

[0165] Based on the power consumption of each municipal district and the topology of substations in the target area, the power and voltage of each substation are calculated in reverse to identify abnormal substations.

[0166] It should be noted that in this invention, "main transmission cable" refers to a cable that connects to a high-voltage substation and transmits power to each power-consuming area within the city's jurisdiction.

[0167] The workflow of the data fitting module is as follows:

[0168] Get the number of municipal districts mn; get the power consumption pi of the 1st, 2nd, up to the mnth municipal districts. (1) pi (2) ~pi (mn) ;

[0169] Inspect the main power transmission cables of the first to mn municipal districts to determine if they are severely aged.

[0170] If the main transmission cable is severely aged, monitor the change in surface temperature of the main transmission cable to determine if the main transmission cable is cracked; if it is not severely aged, no action is taken.

[0171] Inspect the main power transmission cables of the first municipal district;

[0172] Obtain the length, density, insulation layer thickness, and cable diameter of the main transmission cable corresponding to the first municipal district, and calculate the insulation layer weight ms and the area As of the external insulation layer of the main transmission cable corresponding to the first municipal district.

[0173] Obtain the initial dielectric loss factor δ of the main transmission cable insulation layer (0) ;

[0174] Obtain the convection coefficient hs and specific heat capacity c of the insulation layer of the main transmission cable. p Calculate the cooling constant ks of the insulation layer:

[0175] Obtain the transmission voltage Vs and current frequency fs of the main transmission cable (internal conductors); obtain the capacitance Cs of the internal conductors of the main transmission cable; and assume the transmission loss power (of the internal conductors of the main transmission cable) is P. (loss) The dielectric loss factor of the conductors inside the current main power transmission cable is δ. (now) Define formula 1-1:

[0176] P (loss) = 2 × π × fs × Cs × (Vs) 2 ×δ (now) ;

[0177] To obtain the conductor diameter dw, and assuming the conductor temperature is Tw, define formula 1-2:

[0178]

[0179] Obtain the ambient temperature Te and the surface temperature Ts of the main transmission cable, and assume the actual temperature of the insulation layer of the main transmission cable is Tl;

[0180] Calculate the value of Tl:

[0181]

[0182] Construct equations 1-3:

[0183]

[0184] By combining Equations 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3, calculate δ. (now) The value;

[0185] Calculate the dielectric loss increment ratio ta(δ) of the insulation layer of the main transmission cable:

[0186] Compare the magnitudes of ta(δ) and 1.8 to determine whether the main power transmission cable is severely aged (where 1.8 is derived from the IEEE / IEC standard).

[0187] If ta(δ)≥1.8, it indicates that the main power transmission cable is severely aged;

[0188] (Based on δ) (now) The value of ) records the current conductor temperature Tw and the cable surface temperature Ts (of the main transmission cable);

[0189] (Based on the above calculation process for Tw) Obtain (and calculate) the conductor temperature Tw after a specific time. (next) And the cable surface temperature Ts (of the main transmission cable) (next) Calculate the temperature change coefficient ch(T):

[0190]

[0191] Compare ch(T) with 0.2 to determine whether the main transmission cable is cracked (where 0.2 is from the State Grid Corporation of China's "Q / GDW 11316-2014 Power Cable Condition Inspection Procedures", which stipulates that the deviation between the cable surface and the theoretical temperature field should not exceed 15% to 25%).

[0192] If ch(T)≤0.2, then the main power transmission cable is not cracked;

[0193] If ch(T) > 0.2, the main power transmission cable is cracked;

[0194] If ta(δ) < 1.8, it indicates that the main power transmission cable is not severely aged;

[0195] It should be noted that the "specific time" mentioned above refers to the time interval for observing the temperature changes of the main transmission cable. The "specific time" is generally set to 1 hour. Users or relevant technical personnel can adjust the specific time interval of the "specific time" according to actual needs.

[0196] Repeat the same steps for testing the main transmission cables of the first municipal district, and test the main transmission cables corresponding to the second to the mnth municipal districts.

[0197] Based on the power consumption of each municipal district and the topology of substations in the target area, the power and voltage of each substation are calculated in reverse to identify abnormal substations.

[0198] Based on the topological relationship of the substations supplying power to the first municipal district, analyze the power and voltage of the substations directly or indirectly connected to the first municipal district, and determine the abnormal substations corresponding to the first municipal district.

[0199] Let substation A be the one directly connected to the first municipal district. Analyze the power and voltage of substation A.

[0200] Scenario 1: If station A only supplies power to the first municipal district;

[0201] Obtain the actual output power Pw of station A (true) Actual output current Iw (true) The received current Ip is obtained from the power supply of the first municipal district receiving station A.

[0202] Let the expected output power of station A be Pw. (1) Construct equation 2-1-1:

[0203] Where * indicates conjugate;

[0204] Obtain the actual input power Pe of station A (true) Actual input current Ie (true) ;

[0205] Obtain the impedance Z of station A (1) Admittance Y (1) ;

[0206] Let Pe be the expected input power of station A. (1) Formula 2-1-2 is constructed as follows:

[0207] Among them, Ib (1) Ib represents the excitation current of station A. (1) The formula for calculation is:

[0208] Calculate Pw according to Equation 2-1-1 and Formula 2-1-2 (1) With Pe (1) The value;

[0209] Determine Pw (1) With Pw (true) Whether the numerical difference is within ε; where ε represents the error determination coefficient, and the value of ε is 5%; users or relevant technical personnel can adjust the value of ε according to actual needs;

[0210] If Pw (1) With Pw (true) If the numerical difference is within ε, then Pe is judged. (1) With Pe (true) Is the numerical difference within ε?

[0211] If Pe (1) With Pe (true) If the numerical difference is within ε, then station A is normal;

[0212] If Pe (1) With Pe (true) If the numerical difference is not within ε, then Station A is temporarily classified as an abnormal substation.

[0213] If Pw (1) With Pw (true) If the numerical difference is not within ε, then Station A is determined to be an abnormal substation.

[0214] Scenario 2: If station A supplies power to the nth municipal district (including the 1st municipal district);

[0215] The municipal district directly connected to Station A is designated as District AA; the electricity consumption rate pia of Districts 1, 2, up to the an-th District AA is obtained. (1) ,pia (2) ~pia (an) And the receiving current Ipa of the power supplied by station A (1) Ipa (2) ~Ipa (an) ;

[0216] Where an represents the number of regions aa;

[0217] pia (1) ~pia (an) Calculate the equivalent received voltage Upa in region AA using api and api:

[0218] Among them, pia (i) and Ipa (i) These represent the power consumption rate and received current of the i-th aa zone, respectively;

[0219] Obtain the actual output voltage Uw of station A (true) Let the desired output voltage of station A be Uw. (1) Construct equation 2-2-1:

[0220]

[0221] Calculate Uw according to equation 2-2-1 (1) Determine the value of Uw (1) With Uw (true) Is the numerical difference within ε?

[0222] Uw (1) With Uw (true)If the numerical difference is within ε, then station A is normal;

[0223] If Uw (1) With Uw (true) If the numerical difference is not within ε, then determine whether formula 2-2-2 holds true. Formula 2-2-2 is:

[0224]

[0225] If formula 2-2-2 holds true, then station A will be temporarily classified as an abnormal substation.

[0226] If formula 2-2-2 does not hold true, then station A is determined to be an abnormal substation.

[0227] Take the substation directly connected to station A as station B (i.e., station B is indirectly connected to the first municipal district). Based on the topology of station B, determine whether station A and station B are abnormal substations.

[0228] Scenario 3: If Station B is only connected to Station A;

[0229] Obtain the actual input power Pe of station A (true) Actual input voltage Ue (true) ;

[0230] Obtain the actual output power Po of station B (true) Actual output voltage Uo (true) ;

[0231] Calculate the equivalent admittance Yo when station B transmits power to station A:

[0232]

[0233] Calculate the equivalent main circuit current Io when power is transmitted from station B to station A:

[0234]

[0235] Calculate the equivalent impedance Zo when station B transmits power to station A:

[0236]

[0237] Calculate the apparent power Pss when transmitting power from station B:

[0238]

[0239] Extracting the real part of Pss yields the expected active power Pz when transmitting power at station B, and extracting the imaginary part of Pss yields the expected reactive power Qz when transmitting power at station B.

[0240] Obtain the actual active power Pz of station B during power transmission. (true) Actual reactive power Qz(true) Determine whether formula 3-1-1 is true. Formula 3-1-1 is as follows:

[0241]

[0242] If formula 3-1-1 holds true, then the impedance Z of station B can be obtained. (2) Admittance Y (2) ;

[0243] The actual input power of station B is Pez. (true) Actual input voltage Uez (true) ;

[0244] Let Pe be the expected input power of station B. (2) Formula 3-1-2 is constructed as follows:

[0245]

[0246] Calculate Pe according to formula 3-1-2 (2) Determine the value of Pe (2) With Pez (true) Is the numerical difference within ε?

[0247] If Pe (2) With Pez (true) If the numerical difference is within ε, then Station B is normal; determine whether Station A is temporarily listed as an abnormal substation.

[0248] If station A is temporarily listed as an abnormal substation, then determine whether formula 3-1-3 is true. Formula 3-1-3:

[0249]

[0250] If formula 3-1-3 is true, then Station A will be changed from "temporarily listed as an abnormal substation" to "Station A is normal";

[0251] If formula 3-1-3 is not true, then Station A will be changed from "provisionally listed as an abnormal substation" to "station A is confirmed as an abnormal substation";

[0252] If Pe (2) With Pez (true) If the numerical difference is not within ε, then Station B is an abnormal substation;

[0253] If station B is connected to multiple substations, then the multiple substations directly connected to station B are regarded as multiple municipal districts, and the input power, input voltage and input current of the multiple substations directly connected to station B are regarded as the received power, received voltage and received current of the municipal districts. Repeat the processing steps of scenario two to determine whether station B is an abnormal substation.

[0254] Repeat the processing steps for scenarios one through three above, and detect the power station in the target area from station B in reverse direction, and detect and mark the substations on the transmission line that supplies power from the power station to the first municipal district;

[0255] Repeat the same steps for testing the substations corresponding to the first municipal district, and then test the substations corresponding to the second to the mnth municipal districts.

[0256] Operational analysis module: used to obtain the output power and output voltage of the upstream substation or power plant of the abnormal substation, and to detect whether the transformer of the abnormal substation is normal;

[0257] If the transformer in the abnormal substation is abnormal, skip the subsequent steps (generator and transmission line detection) and determine the type of transformer abnormality.

[0258] If the transformer at the abnormal substation is normal, analyze the power, voltage, and mechanical vibration of the power station based on the power consumption of each municipal district to determine if the generator is normal; if the generator is abnormal, skip the subsequent steps (inspection of transmission lines) (and prompt the power station staff to inspect the generator).

[0259] If the generator is normal, then inspect the transmission lines (i.e., the exposed overhead lines used in my country's ultra-high voltage direct current (UHVDC) transmission) to locate the fault area in the transmission lines.

[0260] The workflow of the analysis module is as follows:

[0261] Determine whether the abnormal substation is directly connected to the power station;

[0262] If the abnormal substation is directly connected to the power station, then the power station's output power and output voltage should be checked to determine if the transformer in the abnormal substation is functioning properly.

[0263] The output power of the power station directly connected to the abnormal substation is taken as Pg, and the output voltage is taken as Ug.

[0264] Obtain the actual input power Px of the abnormal substation (true) Actual output voltage Ur (true) And the ratio rt;

[0265] Calculate the expected input voltage Ut of the abnormal substation:

[0266] Obtain the actual input voltage Uu of the abnormal substation (true) and actual input power Pu (true) ;

[0267] Calculate the equivalent admittance Yu from the power plant to the abnormal substation:

[0268]

[0269] Adjust the transformer ratio of the abnormal substation to RTT:

[0270] Calculate the equivalent admittance Yuu after abnormal substation changes:

[0271] Maintain the output power Pg and output voltage Ug of the power station (directly connected to the abnormal substation), and obtain the new actual input power Pxx of the abnormal substation (after transformer ratio adjustment). (true) ;

[0272] Calculate the expected input power Py of the abnormal substation:

[0273] Py=Pg-[(Ug-Ut)×Yuu×(Ug-Ut) * ];

[0274] Comparing Py's Pxx (true) Size determines the type of fault in the abnormal substation;

[0275] If Py equals Pxx (true) If the abnormal transformer is normal (i.e., the transformer ratio of the abnormal transformer has changed incorrectly during operation), locate the power station corresponding to the abnormal substation, and analyze the power, voltage and mechanical vibration of the power station based on the power consumption of each municipal district to determine whether the generator is normal.

[0276] If Py is greater than Pxx (true) This indicates that the abnormal transformer is causing an anomaly on the output side of the downstream substation or the municipal area.

[0277] If Py is less than Pxx (true) This indicates that there is an abnormality on the input side of the transformer receiving power from the upstream substation or power plant.

[0278] If the abnormal substation is not directly connected to the power station, then obtain the input power of the upstream substation; treat the input power of the upstream substation as the input power of the power station (repeat the above processing steps to determine the abnormal type of the transformer under the premise that "the abnormal substation is directly connected to the power station") to determine the abnormal type of the transformer, and skip the subsequent detection process of the power station and transmission line.

[0279] Check if the power station is functioning properly;

[0280] Obtain the actual active power Pj of the power plant and calculate pi. (1) ~pi (mn) and APm;

[0281] Compare the magnitudes of Pj and APm;

[0282] If Pj≥APm, then a high-frequency current sensor (such as a Rogowski coil) or voltage sensor is installed at the neutral point, output terminal or winding position of the generator to obtain the traveling wave signal of the generator in the power generation project; the characteristic frequency of the traveling wave signal is extracted using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and compared with the fault frequency of the generator (such as BPFO, BPFI);

[0283] If the characteristic frequency does not overlap with the fault frequency, the generator is normal. Inspect the transmission line and locate the fault area of ​​the transmission line.

[0284] If the characteristic frequency overlaps with the fault frequency, it indicates that the generator is experiencing abnormal mechanical vibration, prompting power plant staff to conduct maintenance.

[0285] If Pj < APm, then obtain the current actual reactive power Qg of the generator; adjust the active power of the generator to APm, and record the new reactive power Qgg of the generator. (true) ;

[0286] Let the expected reactive power of the generator be Qgi, and define equation 4:

[0287]

[0288] Calculate the value of Qgi according to Equation 4;

[0289] Determine Qgi and Qgg (true) Is the numerical difference within ε?

[0290] If it is present, it indicates that the power station is operating normally; if it is not present, it indicates that the power generation capacity of the power station is abnormal.

[0291] The following are the steps for inspecting and locating fault areas in power transmission lines:

[0292] Obtain the maximum withstand temperature T of the transmission line. (max) Convection coefficient ht, diameter Dt, and resistance per unit length Rd:

[0293] Let the ambient temperature be T. (cov) Let Ld be the length of the transmission line from a power plant to a substation, or from a power plant to another substation, or from a power plant to a certain municipality. Let Is be the maximum transmission current of the transmission line. (max) Construct relation 5:

[0294]

[0295] Calculate the maximum transmission current of all transmission lines in the target area based on Equation 5;

[0296] The actual transmission current of all transmission lines within the target area is detected, and areas where the actual transmission current is greater than the maximum transmission current are marked as fault areas of the transmission lines.

[0297] Continuous monitoring module: Used to update the power consumption of each municipal district and continuously monitor generators, transformers, transmission lines and cables in the target area.

[0298] Example 2

[0299] Please see Figure 2 Big data-based methods for detecting operational faults in power equipment include:

[0300] Step S1: Used to obtain the number of municipal districts in the target area, obtain the historical electricity consumption data of each municipal district, and perform time-series analysis on the historical electricity consumption data to calculate the power consumption of each municipal district;

[0301] Step S2: Used to obtain the initial dielectric loss factor (i.e., dielectric loss tangent), transmission voltage and cable surface temperature of the main transmission cable in each municipal district, calculate the real-time dielectric loss factor and determine whether the main transmission cable is severely aged; if severely aged, monitor the change in the surface temperature of the main transmission cable to determine whether the main transmission cable is cracked; if not severely aged, no action is taken.

[0302] Based on the power consumption of each municipal district and the topology of substations in the target area, the power and voltage of each substation are calculated in reverse to identify abnormal substations.

[0303] Step S3: Obtain the input power of the upstream substation or power plant of the abnormal substation, and check whether the transformer of the abnormal substation is normal.

[0304] If the (abnormal substation) is abnormal, skip the subsequent (generator and transmission line detection) steps;

[0305] If the (abnormal substation) is normal, locate the power station corresponding to the abnormal substation, analyze the power, voltage and mechanical vibration of the power station based on the power consumption of each municipal district, and determine whether the generator is normal; if the (generator) is abnormal, skip the subsequent (transmission line inspection) steps (and prompt the power station staff to inspect the generator).

[0306] If the generator is normal, then inspect the transmission lines (i.e., the exposed overhead lines used in my country's ultra-high voltage direct current (UHVDC) transmission) to locate the fault area in the transmission lines.

[0307] Step S4: Update the power consumption of each municipal district and continuously monitor generators, transformers, transmission lines and transmission cables in the target area.

[0308] The above formulas are all dimensionless calculations. The formulas are derived from software simulations using a large amount of collected data to obtain the most recent real-world results. The preset parameters in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation. For example, there are weighting coefficients and proportional coefficients. The values ​​set are to quantify each parameter to obtain a specific value, which is convenient for subsequent comparison. The values ​​of the weighting coefficients and proportional coefficients are only required to not affect the proportional relationship between the parameters and the quantified values.

[0309] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are merely specific implementations of the present invention, used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit it. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can still modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these modifications, changes, or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A power equipment operation fault detection system based on big data, characterized in that, The system includes: Data acquisition module: used to acquire historical electricity consumption data, perform time-series analysis on the historical electricity consumption data, and calculate the power consumption of each municipal district; Data fitting module: Used to obtain the initial dielectric loss factor, transmission voltage, and cable surface temperature of the main transmission cable, calculate the real-time dielectric loss factor, and determine whether the main transmission cable is severely aged; if severely aged, it monitors the change in the surface temperature of the main transmission cable to determine whether the main transmission cable is cracked; if not severely aged, no action is taken; based on the power consumption and the topology of the substations in the target area, it reverse-calculates the power and voltage of each substation to identify abnormal substations; Operational analysis module: used to obtain the output power and output voltage of the upstream substation or power plant of the abnormal substation, and to detect whether the transformer of the abnormal substation is normal; If an anomaly is detected, skip the subsequent steps and determine the type of anomaly in the transformer. If normal, then analyze the power, voltage and mechanical vibration of the power station based on the power consumption of each municipal district to determine whether the generator is normal; If an error occurs, skip the subsequent steps. If normal, inspect the power transmission line and locate the fault area in the power transmission line; Continuous monitoring module: Used to update power consumption and continuously monitor generators, transformers, transmission lines and cables in the target area.

2. The power equipment operation fault detection system based on big data according to claim 1, characterized in that, The workflow of the data fitting module is as follows: Obtaining the power pi of the city district (1) ~ pi (mn) ; wherein, mn represents the number of city districts; Inspect the main power transmission cables in the city's jurisdiction for severe aging; if severe aging is found, monitor the surface temperature change of the main power transmission cables to determine if they are cracked; if not severely aging, no action is taken. Based on the power consumption and the topology of substations in the target area, the power and voltage of each substation are calculated in reverse to identify abnormal substations. Based on the topology of substations supplying power to the city's jurisdiction, analyze the power and voltage of substations directly or indirectly connected to the city's jurisdiction, identify abnormal substations in the city's jurisdiction, and then proceed to the operation analysis module.

3. The power equipment operation fault detection system based on big data according to claim 2, characterized in that, The workflow for inspecting main power transmission cables is as follows: Obtaining the weight ms of the insulating layer, the area As of the insulating layer and the initial dielectric loss factor δ of the trunk power cable (0) ; Obtain the convection coefficient hs and specific heat capacity c. p Calculate the cooling constant ks: Obtain the transmission voltage Vs and the current frequency fs of the main trunk power transmission cable; obtain the capacitance Cs of the internal conductor of the main trunk power transmission cable, and set the transmission loss power as P (loss) , the current medium loss factor of the internal conductor of the main trunk power transmission cable is δ (now) , and the formula 1-1 is defined: P (loss) = 2 x π x fs x Cs x (Vs) 2 x δ (now) ; To obtain the conductor diameter dw, and assuming the conductor temperature is Tw, define formula 1-2: Obtain the ambient temperature Te and the cable surface temperature Ts, and assume the actual temperature is Tl; Calculate the value of Tl: Construct equations 1-3: ； The value of δ is calculated (now) to obtain the incremental ratio ta(δ) of the dielectric loss Compare the values ​​of ta(δ) and 1.8 to determine whether the main power transmission cable is severely aged; If ta(δ)≥1.8, it indicates that the main power transmission cable is severely aged; Record the current conductor temperature Tw and cable surface temperature Ts; acquiring the temperature Tw of the conductor after a certain time (next)以及 the temperature Ts of the surface of the cable (next) calculating the temperature change coefficient ch(T): Compare ch(T) with 0.2 to determine if the main power transmission cable is cracked; If ch(T)≤0.2, then the main power transmission cable is not cracked; If ch(T) > 0.2, the main power transmission cable is cracked; If ta(δ) < 1.8, it indicates that the main power transmission cable is not severely aged.

4. The power equipment operation fault detection system based on big data according to claim 2, characterized in that, The workflow for identifying abnormal substations is as follows: Let substation A be the one directly connected to the city's jurisdiction. Analyze the power and voltage of substation A. Scenario 1: Station A only supplies power to the first municipal district; acquiring the actual output power Pw of the station A (true) , acquiring the actual output current Iw (true) ; acquiring the receiving current Ip of the first municipal district receiving power supplied by the station A; Let the desired output power of the station A be Pw (1) , construct equation 2-1-1: Where * indicates conjugate; acquiring the actual input power Pe of the A station (true) , the actual input current Ie (true) ; Obtaining the impedance Z of the station A (1) , the admittance Y (1) ; Let the desired input power of the station A be Pe (1) , construct formula 2-1-2: Among them, Ib (1) Ib represents the excitation current of station A. (1) The formula for calculation is: Pw is calculated according to equation 2-1-1 and formula 2-1-2 (1) Pe (1) the value of Pe determining whether the numerical difference between Pw (1) and Pw (true) is within ε; where ε represents an error determination coefficient; If Pw (1) With Pw (true) If the numerical difference is within ε, then Pe is judged. (1) With Pe ( true ) Is the numerical difference within ε? If Pe (1) is within ε of the value of Pe (true) , then the A station is normal. If Pe (1) is not within ε of Pe (true) , then the station is temporarily flagged as an abnormal substation. If the value of Pw (1) is not within ε of the value of Pw (true) , the A station determines that the substation is abnormal. Scenario 2: Station A supplies power to the number of municipal districts.

5. The power equipment operation fault detection system based on big data according to claim 4, characterized in that, The workflow for scenario two is as follows: The city district directly connected with the A station is taken as aa district; the power consumption rate pia of the 1st, 2nd, and an aa district is acquired (1) , pia (2) ~ pia (an) and the receiving current Ipa of the A station (1) , Ipa (2) ~ Ipa (an) ; Where an represents the number of regions aa; pia (1) ~ pia (an) and the API, the equivalent received voltage of the AA region Upa is calculated: Among them, pia (i) and Ipa (i) These represent the power consumption rate and received current of the i-th aa zone, respectively; acquiring an actual output voltage Uw of the station A (true) , setting a desired output voltage Uw of the station A (1) , constructing equation 2-2-1: Uw is calculated according to Equation 2-2-1 (1) the value of Uw (1) is within ε of the value of Uw (true) . Uw (1) With the numerical difference of Uw (true) within ε, the A station is normal; If Uw (1) is not within ε of the value of Uw (true) , then it is determined whether formula 2-2-2 is true, formula 2-2-2 being: If formula 2-2-2 holds true, then station A will be temporarily classified as an abnormal substation. If formula 2-2-2 does not hold true, then station A is determined to be an abnormal substation. Take the substation directly connected to station A as station B, and determine whether station A and station B are abnormal substations based on the topology of station B. Scenario 3: Station B is only connected to Station A.

6. The power equipment operation fault detection system based on big data according to claim 5, characterized in that, The workflow for scenario three is as follows: acquiring the actual input power Pe of the A station (true) , the actual input voltage Ue (true) ; acquiring the actual output power Po of the B station (true) , the actual output voltage Uo (true) ; Calculate the equivalent admittance Yo when station B transmits power to station A: Equivalent main circuit current Io: Equivalent impedance Zo: Calculate the apparent power Pss: Extract the real and imaginary parts of Pss to obtain the expected active power Pz and expected reactive power Qz when transmitting power at station B; acquiring actual active power Pz at the time of power transmission by the B station (true) , actual reactive power Qz (true) , determining whether formula 3-1-1 is established, formula 3-1-1 being as follows: If Equation 3-1-1 is satisfied, the impedance Z of the B station is acquired (2) , the admittance Y (2) ; The actual input power of the B station is P ez (true) , actual input voltage U ez (true) Let the desired input power of the station B be Pe (2) , construct formula 3-1-2: The value of Pe is calculated (2) The value of Pe is calculated (2) The value of Pe is calculated (true) The value of Pe is calculated If Pe (2) and the numerical difference between Pez (true) is within ε, then the B station is normal; determine whether the A station is temporarily listed as an abnormal transformer station; If Station A is temporarily classified as an abnormal substation, then determine whether Formula 3-1-3 is true. Formula 3-1-3 is as follows: If formula 3-1-3 holds true, then station A is normal; If formula 3-1-3 does not hold true, then station A is determined to be an abnormal substation. If Pe (2) is not within ε of the value of Pez (true) , then station B is an anomalous substation. If station B connects to multiple substations, repeat the processing steps in scenario two to determine whether station B is an abnormal substation.

7. The power equipment operation fault detection system based on big data according to claim 2, characterized in that, The workflow of the operation analysis module is as follows: Determine whether the abnormal substation is directly connected to the power station; If the abnormal substation is directly connected to the power station, then the output power of the power station directly connected to the abnormal substation is taken as Pg, and the output voltage is taken as Ug. acquiring an actual input power Px of an abnormal substation (true) , an actual output voltage Ur (true) and a transformation ratio rt; Calculate the expected input voltage Ut of the abnormal substation: obtaining an actual input voltage Uu of the abnormal substation (true) and an actual input power Pu(true); Calculate the equivalent admittance Yu from the power plant to the abnormal substation: Adjust the transformer ratio of the abnormal substation to RTT: Calculate the equivalent admittance Yuu after abnormal substation changes: keeping the output power and the output voltage of the power plant constant, obtaining a new actual input power Pxx (true) ; Calculate the expected input power Py of the abnormal substation: Py = Pg - [(Ug - Ut) x Yuu x (Ug - Ut) * ]; Comparing Pxx of Py (true) size, determine the fault type of the abnormal substation; If Py is equal to Pxx (true) It indicates that the abnormal transformer is normal, and the corresponding power station of the abnormal transformer substation is located. Whether the power, voltage and mechanical vibration of the power station are normal is analyzed according to the power consumption of each municipal district to determine whether the generator is normal. If Py is greater than Pxx (true) then it indicates that an abnormal transformer output side of the downstream substation or municipal district appears; If Py is less than Pxx (true) it indicates that an abnormal transformer receives an abnormal input side of an upstream substation or power station; If the abnormal substation is not directly connected to the power station, the input power of the upstream substation is obtained; the input power of the upstream substation is regarded as the input power of the power station, the abnormality type of the transformer is determined, and the subsequent process is skipped.

8. The power equipment operation fault detection system based on big data according to claim 7, characterized in that, The workflow for inspecting a power plant is as follows: The actual active power Pj of the power plant is acquired, and pi (1) ~ pi (mn) is calculated, and APm; Compare the magnitudes of Pj and APm; If Pj≥APm, then a high-frequency current sensor or voltage sensor is installed at the neutral point, output terminal or winding position of the generator to obtain the traveling wave signal of the generator in the power generation project; the characteristic frequency of the traveling wave signal is extracted using fast Fourier transform and compared with the fault frequency of the generator. If the characteristic frequency does not overlap with the fault frequency, the generator is normal. Inspect the transmission line and locate the fault area of ​​the transmission line. If the characteristic frequency overlaps with the fault frequency, it prompts the power plant staff to conduct maintenance. If Pj < APm, then obtain the current actual reactive power Qg of the generator; Adjust the active power of the generator to APmand record the new reactive power of the generator Qgg (true) ; Let the expected reactive power of the generator be Qgi, and define equation 4: Calculate the value of Qgi according to Equation 4; Determine Qgi and Qgg (true) Is the numerical difference within ε? If it is present, it indicates that the power station is normal, and the transmission lines should be checked. If it is not present, it indicates that the power generation capacity of the power plant is abnormal.

9. The power equipment operation fault detection system based on big data according to claim 8, characterized in that, The workflow for inspecting power transmission lines is as follows: acquiring a maximum withstand temperature T of the power transmission conductor (max) a convection coefficient ht, a diameter Dt and a resistance per unit length Rd: Let the ambient temperature be T (cov) Let the length of the power transmission line from a power plant to a substation or from a power plant to another substation or from a power plant to a city district be Ld, and let the maximum power transmission current of the power transmission line be Is (max) The relationship 5 is constructed: Calculate the maximum transmission current of all transmission lines in the target area based on Equation 5; The actual transmission current of all transmission lines within the target area is detected, and areas where the actual transmission current is greater than the maximum transmission current are marked as fault areas of the transmission lines.

10. A method for detecting operational faults in power equipment based on big data, applicable to the power equipment operational fault detection system based on big data as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The method includes: Step S1: Used to obtain historical electricity consumption data, and to perform time-series analysis on the historical electricity consumption data to calculate the power consumption; Step S2: Used to obtain the initial dielectric loss factor, transmission voltage and cable surface temperature of the main transmission cable, calculate the real-time dielectric loss factor and determine whether the main transmission cable is severely aged; if severely aged, monitor the change in the surface temperature of the main transmission cable to determine whether the main transmission cable is cracked; if not severely aged, no action is taken. Based on the power consumption of each municipal district and the topology of substations in the target area, the power and voltage of each substation are calculated in reverse to identify abnormal substations. Step S3: Obtain the input power of the upstream substation or power plant of the abnormal substation, and check whether the transformer of the abnormal substation is normal. If an error occurs, skip the subsequent steps; If normal, locate the power station corresponding to the abnormal substation, analyze the power, voltage and mechanical vibration of the power station based on the power consumption to determine if the generator is normal; if abnormal, skip the subsequent steps. If normal, inspect the power transmission line and locate the fault area in the power transmission line; Step S4: Update power consumption and continuously monitor generators, transformers, transmission lines and cables in the target area.

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