Hydrogen fuel cell with leakage alarm function

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of hydrogen fuel cell, specifically to a hydrogen fuel cell with leakage alarm function. It comprises a hydrogen cylinder, a battery stack and an alarm mechanism. The hydrogen cylinder and the battery stack are connected by a hose. The alarm mechanism comprises an outer fixed bin and an inner movable bin. The inner movable bin is provided with a first sealing element and a second sealing element. A compression spring is arranged between the inner movable bin and the outer fixed bin. A gas sensor is arranged on the inner side of the inner movable bin. The alarm mechanism further comprises an alarm connected to the gas sensor. The first sealing element and the second sealing element realize double sealing of the gas outlet valve port and the hose. The compression spring ensures the tightness. The pressure sensing structure monitors the pressure of the pressure ring in real time. When abnormal, the linear actuator is triggered to compensate for the pressure, preventing external gas from entering the leakage detection chamber, ensuring the stability of the detection environment of the gas sensor and improving the reliability of the alarm function.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of hydrogen fuel cells, in particular to a hydrogen fuel cell with a leakage alarm function. BACKGROUND

[0002] A hydrogen fuel cell system is mainly composed of a cell stack, a hydrogen cylinder and a hydrogen supply pipeline, etc. The hydrogen cylinder is connected to the cell stack through a hose to realize stable delivery of hydrogen. Due to the flammable and explosive nature of hydrogen and its strong diffusivity, system safety is of great importance. In actual operation, the outlet valve port of the hydrogen cylinder is a high-risk area for leakage, especially in a vibrating environment such as a ship, where the hose connection is prone to hydrogen leakage due to loosening or aging of the seal. Therefore, the prior art usually sets a hydrogen sensor near the outlet valve port to monitor the local hydrogen concentration and issue an alarm when it exceeds the limit. However, this type of detection method relies on a single sensor and is easily affected by environmental interference, leading to false alarms or missed alarms, and has limited safety protection capability.

[0003] The currently disclosed Chinese patent CN114551938B discloses a marine hydrogen fuel cell leakage alarm device, which includes a housing, an installation seat is provided outside the housing, the device is installed in the fuel cell cabin of the ship through the installation seat, an air inlet and an air outlet are respectively arranged on the two sides of the housing, an air inlet pipe is connected to the air inlet, an air outlet pipe is connected to the air outlet, a first hydrogen leakage alarm is arranged on the air inlet pipe, the device further includes a sealing mechanism, an adjusting mechanism for controlling the opening and closing of the sealing mechanism, and an air guiding fan, the first hydrogen leakage alarm is used to issue an alarm after collecting a hydrogen leakage signal, and the air guiding fan is used to forcibly exhaust air when hydrogen leaks.

[0004] According to the above-mentioned patent, the extension and retraction of the electric cylinder can realize the opening and closing of the sealing device, prevent the backflow of marine air from corroding the important internal components when hydrogen does not leak, and alarm and exhaust when hydrogen leaks. However, the connection part between the housing and the hydrogen cylinder lacks an effective sealing structure, which has the problem of insufficient sealing, and external humid air and marine gas can still enter the inside of the housing. Therefore, there is a need for a hydrogen fuel cell with a leakage alarm function that strengthens the overall environmental sealing of the device to prevent the intrusion of marine humid air and salt mist into the inside. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the hydrogen fuel cell with the leakage alarm function is provided, the double sealing of the gas outlet valve port and the hose is realized through the first sealing element and the second sealing element, the fit is ensured under the pre-tightening of the compression spring, the pressure ring pressure is monitored in real time through the pressure sensing structure, the linear driver is triggered to compensate the pressure when the pressure is abnormal, the external gas is prevented from invading the leakage detection cavity, the detection environment of the gas sensor is ensured to be stable and not interfered, and the reliability of the alarm function is improved.

[0006] To solve the problems in the prior art, the hydrogen fuel cell with the leakage alarm function is provided, which comprises a hydrogen cylinder, a battery stack and an alarm mechanism, a hose is connected between the hydrogen cylinder and the battery stack, the alarm mechanism is arranged at a gas outlet valve port where the hydrogen cylinder is connected with the hose, the alarm mechanism comprises an outer fixed bin and an inner movable bin slidingly arranged in the outer fixed bin, a support is arranged between the hydrogen cylinder and the battery stack, the outer fixed bin is fixedly arranged on the support, one end of the inner movable bin towards the hydrogen cylinder is provided with a first sealing element closely abutting the surface thereof, the other end is provided with a second sealing element arranged around the hose, a compression spring for applying elastic pre-pressure to the inner movable bin towards the hydrogen cylinder is arranged between the inner movable bin and the outer fixed bin, the inner movable bin and the first sealing element and the second sealing element jointly form a leakage detection cavity for maintaining the air tightness of the inner movable bin, a gas sensor is arranged on the inner side of the inner movable bin, and the alarm mechanism further comprises an alarm electrically connected with the gas sensor.

[0007] Preferably, the end of the inner movable bin provided with the second sealing element extends outwardly through the outer fixed bin and has a conduit coaxial with the gas outlet valve port, the corresponding end of the outer fixed bin is provided with a sleeve slidingly matched with the conduit, and the outer fixed bin is provided with a linear driver for pushing the inner movable bin to move towards the hydrogen cylinder.

[0008] Preferably, the first sealing element and the second sealing element are both rubber ring structures arranged coaxially with the gas outlet valve port, and the inner side of the support and the inner side of the conduit are respectively provided with ring grooves for embedding the first sealing element and the second sealing element.

[0009] Preferably, a pressure ring coaxial with the first sealing element is arranged between the inner movable bin and the first sealing element, one end of the inner movable bin towards the pressure ring is provided with a pressure applying part abutting the end face of the pressure ring, and a limiting sleeve for providing initial limiting support to the pressure ring is arranged on the support.

[0010] Preferably, a pressure sensing structure is arranged between the pressure ring and the inner movable bin, the pressure sensing structure is electrically connected with the linear driver, and when the pressure sensing structure detects that the pressure on the pressure ring is abnormal, the linear driver is in the starting state, so that the pressure ring compensates the pressure of the first sealing element.

[0011] Preferably, the inner side of the pressure ring is uniformly distributed with a plurality of gas sensors in the circumferential direction thereof, and the sensing end of each gas sensor extends towards the outlet valve port.

[0012] Preferably, a pressure relief chamber surrounding the leakage detection chamber is formed between the inner movable chamber and the outer fixed chamber, the outer fixed chamber is provided with an exhaust port in communication with the pressure relief chamber and leading to the outside, and the pressure application part and the pressure ring cooperatively form a drainage channel, which is in a closed state when the pressure application part is attached to the pressure ring, and vice versa.

[0013] Preferably, the pressure ring is provided with a sleeve coaxially embedded in the inner side of the pressure application part, the sleeve is in sliding cooperation with the pressure application part, and a plurality of slots are uniformly distributed on the sleeve in the circumferential direction thereof, each slot gradually forms a passage between the pressure application part and the sleeve when the pressure application part is away from the pressure ring, thereby constituting a plurality of circumferentially distributed drainage channels.

[0014] Preferably, the linear driver includes a fixed electromagnet and a movable electromagnet arranged in opposite directions along the axial direction, the fixed electromagnet is fixedly connected to the outer fixed chamber, and the movable electromagnet is fixedly connected to the inner movable chamber.

[0015] Preferably, the pressure sensing structure includes a pressure sensor and a detection spring, the pressure sensor is fixedly installed on the inner side of the inner movable chamber, one end of the detection spring is connected to the pressure sensor, and the other end of the detection spring is connected to the pressure ring.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present application compared with the prior art are:

[0017] 1. The first sealing element and the second sealing element at both ends of the inner movable chamber realize the sealing of the inside of the inner movable chamber in combination with the hydrogen cylinder and the hose, the compression spring is used to press the inner movable chamber, the first sealing element is deformed under pressure, and the inner movable chamber is sealed with the hydrogen cylinder. At the same time, the second sealing element is wrapped around the hose, so that the inner movable chamber is sealed with the hose. Double dynamic sealing is realized at the connection between the outlet valve port and the hose.

[0018] The first sealing element forms an axial seal with the surface of the outlet valve port, and the second sealing element forms a ring seal with the outer wall of the hose. Both of them are stable under the limitation of the ring groove and generate elastic restoring force when under pressure, which ensures the continuous attachment of the sealing surface. It effectively blocks the hydrogen leakage path and prevents the intrusion of external corrosive gas into the leakage detection chamber, ensuring the stable detection environment of the gas sensor and improving the sealing reliability and detection accuracy.

[0019] 2. The application pushes the inner movable chamber along the sleeve by the linear driver, ensures the coaxial stability of the axial movement, and further applies the pushing force on the basis of the compression spring pre-tightening, thereby enhancing the sealing pressure. The pressure applying part pushes the pressure applying ring to separate from the limiting sleeve, so as to realize the stable pressure increase and force transmission to the first sealing element. Before that, the pressure sensing structure transmits the pressure of the pressure applying ring to the pressure sensor through the detection spring, so as to monitor the sealing pressure change in real time.

[0020] When the pressure is abnormal, the pressure sensor triggers the linear driver to start, drives the inner movable chamber to move, and applies the compensation pressure to the pressure applying ring, so as to realize the dynamic monitoring and automatic adjustment of the sealing force. The first sealing element is ensured to maintain a stable and effective compression state under high pressure, vibration and other working conditions, so as to guarantee the sealing reliability and avoid the influence of external interference on the alarm function.

[0021] 3. The application uniformly distributes the gas sensor inside the pressure applying ring, and the sensing end faces the gas valve port, so that the gas sensor is close to the leakage source, realizes the multi-point synchronous and omnidirectional rapid detection, and improves the response speed of the alarm function.

[0022] During the monitoring process, the opening and closing of the drainage channel are controlled by the cooperation of the pressure applying part and the pressure applying ring. When the pressure applying part is attached to the pressure applying ring, the channel is closed and the backflow of the pressure relief cavity is blocked, so as to guarantee the stability of the detection cavity environment. When the pressure applying part is separated from the pressure applying ring, a plurality of drainage channels are formed through the circumferential slots on the ring sleeve, the pressure relief cavity is connected with the exhaust port, and the hydrogen gas is efficiently and uniformly discharged. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic view of a hydrogen fuel cell with a leakage alarm function.

[0024] Figure 2 is a partial three-dimensional structural sectional view of a hydrogen fuel cell with a leakage alarm function.

[0025] Figure 3 is a partial planar sectional view of a hydrogen fuel cell with a leakage alarm function.

[0026] Figure 4 is a partial three-dimensional structural sectional view of a battery stack and an alarm mechanism of a hydrogen fuel cell with a leakage alarm function.

[0027] Figure 5 is a three-dimensional structural schematic view of a hydrogen fuel cell of the application.

[0028] Figure 6 is a partial planar sectional view of a hydrogen fuel cell with a leakage alarm function.

[0029] Figure 7It is a local section perspective structure section view of the alarm mechanism of the hydrogen fuel cell with leakage alarm function.

[0030] Figure 8 It is a middle section perspective structure section view of the alarm mechanism of the hydrogen fuel cell with leakage alarm function.

[0031] Figure 9 It is a local section perspective structure section view of the alarm mechanism of the hydrogen fuel cell with leakage alarm function. Figure 6 The enlarged schematic view of A of the hydrogen fuel cell with leakage alarm function.

[0032] Figure 10 The enlarged schematic view of B of the hydrogen fuel cell with leakage alarm function. Figure 6 The enlarged schematic view of B of the hydrogen fuel cell with leakage alarm function.

[0033] The figure mark is: 1, hydrogen cylinder; 11, gas valve port; 2, battery stack; 3, hose; 4, alarm mechanism; 41, outer fixed bin; 411, compression spring; 412, linear driver; 4121, fixed electromagnet; 4122, movable electromagnet; 413, exhaust port; 42, inner movable bin; 421, first sealing element; 4211, pressure ring; 4212, pressure part; 422, second sealing element; 4221, guide pipe; 4222, pipe sleeve; 43, gas sensor; 5, support; 51, limit sleeve; 52, pressure sensing structure; 521, pressure sensor; 522, detection spring; 53, ring sleeve; 531, notch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to further understand the features, technical means and specific purposes and functions achieved by the present application, the present application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0035] Referring to Figures 1-5 , Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown, a hydrogen fuel cell with a leakage alarm function, comprising a hydrogen cylinder 1, a cell stack 2 and an alarm mechanism 4, a hose 3 is connected between the hydrogen cylinder 1 and the cell stack 2, the alarm mechanism 4 is arranged at the gas outlet valve port 11 of the hydrogen cylinder 1 connected with the hose 3, the alarm mechanism 4 comprises an outer fixed bin 41 and an inner movable bin 42 slidingly arranged in the outer fixed bin 41, a bracket 5 is arranged between the hydrogen cylinder 1 and the cell stack 2, the outer fixed bin 41 is fixedly arranged on the bracket 5, one end of the inner movable bin 42 towards the hydrogen cylinder 1 is provided with a first sealing element 421 closely abutting the surface thereof, the other end is provided with a second sealing element 422 surrounding the hose 3, a compression spring 411 is arranged between the inner movable bin 42 and the outer fixed bin 41 to apply an elastic pre-pressure to the inner movable bin 42 towards the hydrogen cylinder 1, the inner movable bin 42 in combination with the first sealing element 421 and the second sealing element 422 jointly forms a leakage detection cavity for maintaining the airtightness of the inner movable bin 42, a gas sensor 43 is arranged on the inner side of the inner movable bin 42, and the alarm mechanism 4 further comprises an alarm electrically connected with the gas sensor 43.

[0036] The alarm is not shown in the figure.

[0037] When the hydrogen fuel cell system is in operation, the stable delivery of hydrogen gas is realized between the hydrogen cylinder 1 and the cell stack 2 through the hose 3, and the gas outlet valve port 11 of the hydrogen cylinder 1 connected with the other becomes a potential leakage high-risk area due to its high-pressure working condition. In order to realize accurate monitoring and rapid response to this area, the alarm mechanism 4 arranged at the gas outlet valve port 11 integrates dynamic sealing and real-time detection functions to form an independent and reliable leakage early warning device.

[0038] When the hydrogen fuel cell system starts to operate, hydrogen gas enters the hose 3 from the hydrogen cylinder 1 through the gas outlet valve port 11 and is delivered to the cell stack 2 to participate in the electrochemical reaction, and the alarm mechanism 4 enters the working state. At this time, the inner movable bin 42 is continuously subjected to elastic pre-pressure under the action of the compression spring 411, which pushes the whole inner movable bin 42 to move in the axial direction towards the hydrogen cylinder 1. Under the action of this force, the first sealing element 421 at the front end of the inner movable bin 42 gradually closely contacts and stably contacts the surface of the hydrogen cylinder 1 with the gas outlet valve port 11, forming the first dynamic sealing interface. At the same time, the second sealing element 422 at the rear end of the inner movable bin 42 closely surrounds the outer wall of the hose 3 passing therethrough, blocking the annular gap between the inner movable bin 42 and the hose 3, and realizing the second dynamic sealing interface.

[0039] With the establishment of two seals, the interior of the inner movable chamber 42 is completely isolated, forming a sealed leak detection chamber enclosed by the first seal 421, the second seal 422, and the inner movable chamber 42. This chamber completely encloses the connection area of ​​the outlet valve 11, isolating it from the external chamber environment. During normal system operation, if there are no leaks at the connection points, the gas composition within the chamber remains stable. If hydrogen gas escapes from the tiny gap in the outlet valve 11 due to vibration, loosening, or aging of the seal, the leaked hydrogen gas will not directly diffuse into the chamber but will be immediately confined within the leak detection chamber and rapidly accumulate.

[0040] Because the gas sensor 43 is located on the inner wall of the inner movable chamber 42 and is directly exposed to the leak detection chamber, it can detect the rise in hydrogen concentration inside the chamber immediately. The gas sensor 43 transmits the collected gas data to the alarm electrically connected to it in real time. When the hydrogen concentration reaches the preset safety threshold, the alarm immediately activates an audible and visual alarm signal, issuing a clear warning to the control system and operators, indicating that a leak has occurred.

[0041] Throughout the process, the compression spring 411 consistently applies an elastic preload towards the hydrogen cylinder 1, ensuring a tight seal between the first seal 421 and the valve port surface. Even under conditions of continuous vibration from ship navigation or minor material deformation due to temperature changes, the sealing interface automatically compensates for displacement, preventing seal failure due to loosening. Simultaneously, the second seal 422's surrounding seal on the hose 3 effectively prevents external humid air, salt spray, and other corrosive gases from re-entering the leak detection chamber, ensuring a clean working environment for the gas sensor 43 and accurate detection results.

[0042] By highly integrating the sealing and detection functions, dual protection is achieved for high-risk connection points, enhancing the detection accuracy of the gas sensor 43 in harsh marine environments and improving detection sensitivity and response speed.

[0043] See Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figures 6-8 As shown, the inner movable chamber 42 has a second sealing element 422 at one end that passes through the outer fixed chamber 41 and extends outward with a conduit 4221 coaxial with the gas outlet 11. The corresponding end of the outer fixed chamber 41 is provided with a sleeve 4222 that slides with the conduit 4221. The outer fixed chamber 41 is provided with a linear actuator 412 for pushing the inner movable chamber 42 to move towards the hydrogen cylinder 1.

[0044] When the system enters the working state, the conduit 4221 extending from the inner movable chamber 42 and the sleeve 4222 at the end of the outer fixed chamber 41 form a sliding fit, thus ensuring that the inner movable chamber 42 remains coaxial and stable during axial movement. As the linear actuator 412 installed on the outer fixed chamber 41 is activated, it generates thrust and acts directly on the inner movable chamber 42, pushing it to move axially towards the hydrogen cylinder 1.

[0045] As the linear actuator 412 continuously applies thrust, the inner movable chamber 42 is guided forward along the sleeve 4222, causing the first seal 421 at its front end to gradually press against the surface of the hydrogen cylinder 1 outlet valve 11, strengthening the sealing interface. This process further increases the sealing pressure on top of the preload provided by the compression spring 411, ensuring reliable sealing performance under high pressure or vibration conditions, and preventing hydrogen leakage or intrusion of external gases.

[0046] See Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figures 6-8 As shown, the first seal 421 and the second seal 422 are both rubber ring structures coaxially arranged with the air outlet 11. The inner side of the bracket 5 and the inner side of the conduit 4221 are respectively provided with ring grooves for the first seal 421 and the second seal 422 to be embedded.

[0047] When the inner movable chamber 42 moves toward the hydrogen cylinder 1 under the action of the compression spring 411 or the linear actuator 412, the first seal 421 and the second seal 422 move synchronously with the inner movable chamber 42.

[0048] Since the first sealing element 421 is a rubber ring structure coaxially arranged with the outlet valve 11 and embedded in the annular groove opened on the inner side of the bracket 5, it undergoes elastic deformation under pressure, tightly fitting the surface of the outlet valve 11 of the hydrogen cylinder 1 to achieve axial sealing. Similarly, since the second sealing element 422 is also a coaxial rubber ring structure and embedded in the annular groove opened on the inner side of the conduit 4221, it tightly clamps the outer wall of the hose 3 during the advancement of the inner movable chamber 42, forming a circumferential seal.

[0049] The two rubber ring structures maintain a stable installation position under the limiting action of their respective ring grooves, and generate radial and axial elastic restoring forces under compression, ensuring that the sealing contact surface remains in contact and effectively blocks the entry or leakage path of gas.

[0050] See Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figures 6-8As shown, the inner movable bin 42 and the first sealing element 421 are coaxially provided with a pressure ring 4211, and the end of the inner movable bin 42 towards the pressure ring 4211 is provided with a pressure part 4212 abutting the end face of the pressure ring 4211, and the bracket 5 is provided with a limiting sleeve 51 for providing initial limiting support to the pressure ring 4211, and when the pressure part 4212 pressurizes the pressure ring 4211, the pressure ring 4211 gradually moves away from the limiting sleeve 51 towards the hydrogen cylinder 1.

[0051] When the inner movable bin 42 moves towards the hydrogen cylinder 1 under the pushing of the compression spring 411 or the linear driver 412, the pressure part 4212 at the front end of the inner movable bin 42 moves forward and contacts and exerts pressure on the end face of the pressure ring 4211. The pressure ring 4211 is an annular structure coaxially arranged with the gas outlet valve port 11, and in the initial state, it is axially supported by the limiting sleeve 51 on the bracket 5, maintains a stable position, and generates an initial pressure on the hydrogen cylinder 1.

[0052] With the continuous pressurization of the pressure part 4212, the pressure ring 4211 overcomes the constraint of the limiting sleeve 51 under the action of pressure, gradually separates from the limiting sleeve 51 and moves towards the hydrogen cylinder 1 as a whole. In this process, the pressure ring 4211 pushes the first sealing element 421 to move forward synchronously, so that it tightly abuts the surface of the gas outlet valve port 11 of the hydrogen cylinder 1, realizes smooth transmission and gradual loading of the sealing force, and ensures uniform stress and effective compression of the sealing element.

[0053] Referring to Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figures 6-8 As shown, the pressure ring 4211 and the inner movable bin 42 are provided with a pressure sensing structure 52, and the pressure sensing structure 52 is electrically connected with the linear driver 412, and when the pressure sensing structure 52 detects abnormal pressure on the pressure ring 4211, the linear driver 412 is in an activated state, so that the pressure ring 4211 compensates the pressure on the first sealing element 421.

[0054] When the pressure ring 4211 moves towards the hydrogen cylinder 1 under the pushing of the pressure part 4212 and exerts pressure on the first sealing element 421, its stress state is monitored in real time by the pressure sensing structure 52 arranged between the pressure ring 4211 and the inner movable bin 42. The pressure sensing structure 52 continuously detects the pressure value borne by the pressure ring 4211, and once it is monitored that the pressure is below or exceeds the preset normal range, it is determined that the pressure is abnormal, and an activation signal is immediately sent to the linear driver 412 electrically connected therewith.

[0055] The linear driver 412 starts immediately after receiving the signal, generates a pushing force and pushes the inner movable cabin 42 further to the hydrogen cylinder 1, so that the pressing part 4212 applies additional pressure to the pressing ring 4211, thereby driving the pressing ring 4211 to compensate the pressure of the first sealing element 421, ensuring that the first sealing element 421 is always in a stable and effective compression state, maintaining reliable sealing performance and ensuring that the alarm state is not disturbed.

[0056] Referring to Figure 3 、 Figure 4 and Figures 6-9 , the inner side of the pressing ring 4211 is uniformly distributed with a plurality of gas sensors 43 along the circumferential direction thereof, and the sensing end of each gas sensor 43 extends towards the gas outlet valve port 11.

[0057] When the pressing ring 4211 moves towards the hydrogen cylinder 1 under the push of the pressing part 4212, each gas sensor 43 moves synchronously with the pressing ring 4211 and maintains a circumferentially uniform state.

[0058] Since the sensing end of each gas sensor 43 extends towards the gas outlet valve port 11, as the pressing ring 4211 advances, the sensing end gradually approaches the area of the gas outlet valve port 11, ensuring that it can directly face the leakage source after sealing is formed, capturing hydrogen molecules that may escape from the connection site in real time, achieving multi-point synchronous and omnidirectional leakage detection, and improving the response rate of leakage alarm.

[0059] Referring to Figure 3 、 Figure 4 and Figures 6-8 , a pressure relief chamber surrounding the leakage detection chamber is formed between the inner movable cabin 42 and the outer fixed cabin 41, and the outer fixed cabin 41 is provided with an exhaust port 413 communicating with the pressure relief chamber and leading to the outside, and a drainage channel is formed between the pressing part 4212 and the pressing ring 4211, which is in a closed state when the pressing part 4212 and the pressing ring 4211 are in close contact, and vice versa.

[0060] When the pressing part 4212 and the pressing ring 4211 are in close contact, the mating surface between them closes the drainage channel, making it in a closed state, and at this time the sealing structure of the front end of the inner movable cabin 42 is complete and the leakage detection chamber is kept airtight.

[0061] With the inner movable chamber 42 moving away from the hydrogen cylinder 1 under the driving of the linear driver 412, an axial gap is generated between the pressing part 4212 and the pressing ring 4211, the drainage channel is opened, and the leakage detection chamber is communicated with the pressure relief chamber. The outer fixed chamber 41 is communicated with the outside through the exhaust port 413. When the drainage channel is opened, if hydrogen gas accumulates in the leakage detection chamber, the gas will enter the pressure relief chamber through the drainage channel and be directed to the outside safety area through the exhaust port 413, realizing safe discharge of the leakage gas.

[0062] Referring to Figure 3 、 Figure 4 and Figures 6-8 , the pressing ring 4211 is provided with a ring sleeve 53 coaxially embedded in the inner side of the pressing part 4212, the ring sleeve 53 is in sliding fit with the pressing part 4212, and the ring sleeve 53 is uniformly provided with a plurality of notches 531 in the circumferential direction. When the pressing part 4212 moves away from the pressing ring 4211, each notch 531 gradually forms a passage between the pressing part 4212 and the ring sleeve 53, constituting a plurality of circumferentially distributed drainage channels.

[0063] When the pressing part 4212 moves towards the hydrogen cylinder 1 under the action of pressure, the pressing part 4212 moves along the axial direction of the ring sleeve 53 until the pressing part 4212 is in close contact with the pressing ring 4211, the notches 531 on the ring sleeve 53 are closed, and the drainage channel is in a closed state. During normal hydrogen detection, the closed state effectively blocks the passage between the pressure relief chamber and the leakage detection chamber, preventing the reverse flow of external gas or residual gas in the pressure relief chamber to the leakage detection chamber, avoiding interference with the gas environment in the chamber, thereby ensuring the purity and stability of the detection environment of the gas sensor 43, and ensuring the accuracy and reliability of hydrogen concentration monitoring.

[0064] With the relative separation between the pressing ring 4211 and the pressing part 4212, the plurality of notches 531 uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the ring sleeve 53 gradually emerge from the inner side of the pressing part 4212, each notch 531 forms an independent passage between the pressing part 4212 and the ring sleeve 53, constituting a plurality of circumferentially uniformly distributed drainage channels. The leakage detection chamber is communicated with the external pressure relief chamber, so that the accumulated hydrogen gas can be discharged in multiple directions simultaneously, realizing efficient and uniform pressure relief drainage.

[0065] Referring to Figure 3 、 Figure 4 and Figures 6-8 , the linear driver 412 includes a fixed electromagnet 4121 and a movable electromagnet 4122 arranged in opposite axial directions, the fixed electromagnet 4121 is fixedly connected with the outer fixed chamber 41, and the movable electromagnet 4122 is fixedly connected with the inner movable chamber 42.

[0066] When the system requires increased sealing pressure, the fixed electromagnet 4121 is energized to generate a magnetic field, forming an axial electromagnetic force with the movable electromagnet 4122. The repulsive force pushes the movable electromagnet 4122 axially toward the hydrogen cylinder 1. This thrust is directly transmitted to the inner movable chamber 42, causing it to move forward as a whole, ensuring that the electromagnetic thrust is effectively converted into linear motion of the inner movable chamber 42, thereby achieving active pressurization of the first sealing element 421.

[0067] When it is necessary to open the drainage channel, the fixed electromagnet 4121 and the movable electromagnet 4122 switch to a mutually attractive state, causing the inner movable chamber 42 to move relative to the stationary pressure ring 4211, thereby opening the drainage channel.

[0068] See Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figures 6-8 As shown, the pressure sensing structure 52 includes a pressure sensor 521 and a detection spring 522. The pressure sensor 521 is fixedly installed on the inner side of the inner movable chamber 42. One end of the detection spring 522 is connected to the pressure sensor 521, and the other end is connected to the pressure ring 4211.

[0069] When the pressure ring 4211 moves under pressure, its pressure is transmitted to the pressure sensor 521 through the detection spring 522. The pressure ring 4211 undergoes compression or rebound deformation as the pressure changes. The pressure sensor 521 monitors the deformation of the detection spring 522 in real time and converts this signal into pressure data.

[0070] When the deformation exceeds the preset range, it indicates that the clamping force of the pressure ring 4211 on the first seal 421 is abnormal. The pressure sensor 521 immediately outputs a signal to trigger the linear actuator 412 to start, driving the inner movable chamber 42 to move further, thereby adjusting the pressure on the pressure ring 4211 and realizing dynamic monitoring and automatic compensation of the sealing pressure.

[0071] The present invention uses a first sealing element 421 and a second sealing element 422 set at both ends of the inner movable chamber 42 to form a double dynamic seal in the axial and circumferential directions with the gas outlet valve 11 of the hydrogen cylinder 1 and the hose 3, respectively. Under the pre-tightening force of the compression spring 411, the first sealing element 421 is deformed by pressure, generating an elastic restoring force to ensure that the sealing surface is continuously in contact, effectively blocking the hydrogen leakage path and preventing external corrosive gases from entering the leakage detection chamber.

[0072] In the gas monitoring process, the pressure sensing structure 52 transmits the pressure of the pressure ring 4211 to the pressure sensor 521 through the detection spring 522, and monitors the sealing state in real time. Once the pressure is abnormal, the linear driver 412 is triggered to compensate and adjust. The linear driver 412 pushes the inner movable chamber 42 to slide along the sleeve 4222, guarantees the coaxiality of the axial movement, and further pressurizes on the basis of the compression spring 411, improves the sealing reliability, and realizes smooth pressurization of the first sealing element 421.

[0073] The gas sensor 43 is uniformly distributed in the inner side of the pressure ring 4211 and the sensing end faces the gas outlet valve port 11, close to the leakage source, to realize multi-point synchronous and all-round rapid detection. The drainage channel is opened and closed by the cooperation of the pressure applying part 4212 and the pressure ring 4211. When it is close, the channel is closed to prevent backflow interference in the detection environment. When it is relatively separated, the circumferential notches 531 on the ring sleeve 53 form multiple drainage channels, which connect the pressure relief chamber and the exhaust port 413, realize efficient and uniform discharge of hydrogen, and guarantee the safe and stable operation of the system.

[0074] The above embodiments only express one or several embodiments of the present application, and the description is more specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as a limitation on the protection scope of the present application. It should be noted that for ordinary skilled persons in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, a number of modifications and improvements can be made, which belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A hydrogen fuel cell with a leakage alarm function, comprising a hydrogen cylinder, a cell stack and an alarm mechanism, a hose is connected between the hydrogen cylinder and the cell stack, and the alarm mechanism is arranged at a gas outlet valve port where the hydrogen cylinder is connected with the hose; characterized in that The alarm mechanism comprises an outer fixed chamber and an inner movable chamber slidingly arranged in the outer fixed chamber; A support is arranged between the hydrogen cylinder and the cell stack, and the outer fixed chamber is fixedly arranged on the support; One end of the inner movable chamber towards the hydrogen cylinder is provided with a first sealing element closely abutting with the surface thereof, and the other end is provided with a second sealing element arranged around the hose; A compression spring is arranged between the inner movable chamber and the outer fixed chamber to apply an elastic pre-pressure to the inner movable chamber towards the hydrogen cylinder; The inner movable chamber, in combination with the first sealing element and the second sealing element, forms a leakage detection cavity for maintaining the air tightness of the inner movable chamber; The inner side of the inner movable chamber is provided with a gas sensor, and the alarm mechanism further comprises an alarm connected with the gas sensor in an electrical manner; The end of the inner movable chamber provided with the second sealing element extends outwardly through the outer fixed chamber and is provided with a guide pipe coaxial with the gas outlet valve port, and the outer fixed chamber is provided with a pipe sleeve slidingly matched with the guide pipe at the corresponding end portion, and the outer fixed chamber is provided with a linear driver for pushing the inner movable chamber to move towards the hydrogen cylinder; A pressure ring coaxial with the first sealing element is arranged between the inner movable chamber and the first sealing element, and one end of the inner movable chamber towards the pressure ring is provided with a pressure applying portion abutting with the end surface of the pressure ring, and the support is provided with a limiting sleeve for providing initial limiting support to the pressure ring; The inner side of the pressure ring is uniformly provided with a plurality of gas sensors in the circumferential direction thereof, and the sensing end of each gas sensor extends towards the direction of the gas outlet valve port; A pressure relief cavity surrounding the leakage detection cavity is formed between the inner movable chamber and the outer fixed chamber, the outer fixed chamber is provided with an exhaust port communicating with the pressure relief cavity and leading to the outside, and the pressure applying portion and the pressure ring cooperatively form a drainage channel, which is in a closed state when the pressure applying portion abuts with the pressure ring, and is in an open state otherwise. The first sealing element and the second sealing element are both rubber ring structures coaxially arranged with the gas outlet valve port, and the inner side of the support and the inner side of the guide pipe are respectively provided with ring grooves for embedding the first sealing element and the second sealing element.

2. The hydrogen fuel cell with a leakage alarm function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure ring is provided with a ring sleeve coaxially embedded in the inner side of the pressure applying portion, the ring sleeve is slidingly matched with the pressure applying portion, and the ring sleeve is uniformly provided with a plurality of slots in the circumferential direction thereof, each slot gradually forms a passage between the pressure applying portion and the ring sleeve when the pressure applying portion moves away from the pressure ring, thereby constituting a plurality of drainage channels distributed in the circumferential direction.

3. The hydrogen fuel cell with a leakage alarm function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The linear driver comprises a fixed electromagnet and a movable electromagnet oppositely arranged in an axial direction, the fixed electromagnet is fixedly connected with the outer fixed chamber, and the movable electromagnet is fixedly connected with the inner movable chamber.

4. The hydrogen fuel cell with a leakage alarm function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure sensing structure comprises a pressure sensor and a detection spring, the pressure sensor is fixedly installed on the inner side of the inner movable chamber, one end of the detection spring is connected with the pressure sensor, and the other end is connected with the pressure ring.

5. The hydrogen fuel cell with a leakage alarm function according to claim 1, characterized in that, ​

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