Vertical gravity energy storage power smooth control method and system

Abstract

The invention discloses a vertical gravity energy storage power smooth control method and system, and the method comprises the steps: defining the duty ratio of the mechanical power of an energy storage unit, and enabling the duty ratio to be the ratio of the duration of the high mechanical power of the energy storage unit to the period of the mechanical power of the energy storage unit; the switching time of the continuous energy storage units is calculated according to the duty ratio, wherein the switching time is the interval time of operation of the two continuous energy storage units at high mechanical power; according to the switching time, the number of the energy storage mass blocks is switched in an equal period mode for the multiple energy storage units, and the equal period is the mechanical power period of the energy storage units. By defining the duty ratio, according to the switching time and through equal-period switching control, synchronous operation of the multiple energy storage units can be ensured, so that smooth power output is achieved, no smooth control compensation equipment needs to be added, the structure is simplified, the cost is reduced, and the reliability is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of gravity energy storage technology, specifically relating to a method and system for smooth power control of vertical gravity energy storage. Background Technology

[0002] The proportion of renewable energy sources, such as wind power and photovoltaic power, in the power system continues to rise. The characteristics of these clean energy sources lead to significant randomness and volatility in their output, posing a severe challenge to the safe and stable operation of the power grid. In particular, against the backdrop of the continuous increase in the penetration rate of renewable energy, the pressure of peak shaving and frequency regulation and the problem of power supply reliability in the power system are becoming increasingly prominent.

[0003] Energy storage systems effectively mitigate fluctuations in renewable energy output and maintain grid supply-demand balance by storing energy during periods of excess power generation and releasing it during peak demand periods. Gravity energy storage, in particular, utilizes electricity to drive a heavy object vertically or horizontally to store potential energy, releasing it to generate electricity when needed through the object's descent or movement. However, the energy storage mass blocks in a single gravity energy storage system exhibit discreteness during operation, leading to a step-like variation in the system's output power.

[0004] In related technologies, power smoothing of a single gravity energy storage system requires the use of a compensation device, which not only easily complicates the structure but also results in low reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to enable the power fluctuations of multiple energy storage units to complement and superimpose in the time domain through time-coordinated control with a fixed period, thereby reducing the fluctuation amplitude of the overall output power of the system. This eliminates the need for additional power smoothing devices, resulting in a simple structure and improved reliability.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this invention proposes a power smoothing control method for vertical gravity energy storage. Each energy storage unit includes multiple energy storage mass blocks. The power control method includes: defining the duty cycle of the mechanical power of the energy storage unit, wherein the duty cycle is the ratio of the duration of high mechanical power of the energy storage unit to the cycle of the mechanical power of the energy storage unit; calculating the switching time of consecutive energy storage units based on the duty cycle, wherein the switching time is the interval between two consecutive energy storage units operating at high mechanical power; and, based on the switching time, switching the number of energy storage mass blocks of the multiple energy storage units at equal intervals, wherein the equal interval is the cycle of the mechanical power of the energy storage unit.

[0007] In one optional implementation, the switching time satisfies the following relationship: In the formula, δ is the switching time, and n a t1 represents the number of energy storage units operating at high mechanical power at the same time, and t1 represents the time when the number of energy storage mass blocks on the track of the energy storage unit is N.

[0008] In one alternative implementation, if the duty cycle is 1 / 2, then two energy storage units are provided.

[0009] In one optional implementation, the number of energy storage mass blocks is switched periodically for multiple energy storage units according to the switching time. Specifically, this includes: real-time monitoring of the power output of each energy storage unit to identify energy storage units with power deficits; adjusting the running time of the energy storage mass blocks on the track of the energy storage unit with power deficits so that when the energy storage mass blocks on the track of the energy storage unit with power deficits are switched at the switching time, no energy storage mass blocks are switched for the other energy storage unit.

[0010] In one optional implementation, if the duty cycle is 1 / 2, the mechanical power of the energy storage unit experiencing a power deficit satisfies:

[0011] In the formula, N is the number of energy storage mass blocks on the fixed track, m is the mass of a single energy storage mass block, V is the operating speed of the energy storage mass block, and T is the mechanical power cycle of the energy storage unit.

[0012] The mechanical efficiency of the other energy storage unit satisfies:

[0013]

[0014] In one alternative implementation, the switching time between the two energy storage units satisfies: In the formula, T is the mechanical power cycle of the energy storage unit.

[0015] In an optional implementation, if the duty cycle is not 1 / 2, the number of energy storage units satisfies the following condition: the time interval between all gravity energy storage units operating at full power is greater than or equal to the time of the entire mechanical power cycle, expressed as: T×n a ≤t1×n u In the formula, n u Let n be the number of energy storage units, t1 be the time when the number of energy storage mass blocks on the orbit of the energy storage unit is N, and n a The number of energy storage units operating at high mechanical power at the same time, where T is the mechanical power cycle of the energy storage unit.

[0016] In one optional implementation, if the duty cycle is 1 / 3, then the switching time satisfies:

[0017] In the formula, T is the mechanical power cycle of the energy storage unit.

[0018] In one optional implementation, if the duty cycle is 1 / 3, the number of energy storage units is three, namely a first energy storage unit, a second energy storage unit, and a third energy storage unit, wherein the mechanical efficiency of the first energy storage unit satisfies: The mechanical efficiency of the second energy storage unit satisfies: The mechanical efficiency of the third energy storage unit satisfies: In the formula, N is the number of energy storage mass blocks on the fixed track, m is the mass of a single energy storage mass block, V is the operating speed of the energy storage mass block, and T is the mechanical power cycle of the energy storage unit.

[0019] The present invention also provides a vertical gravity energy storage power smoothing control system, comprising: a vertical gravity energy storage control module, adapted to control the operation of energy storage units; a processor, communicatively connected to the vertical gravity energy storage control module, wherein the processor defines a duty cycle and calculates the switching time of continuous energy storage units according to the duty cycle, and the processor, according to the switching time, uses the vertical gravity energy storage control module to perform equal-periodic switching control on multiple energy storage units.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By defining the duty cycle and controlling the switching time according to the switching period, this invention can ensure the synchronous operation of multiple energy storage units, thereby achieving smooth power output without the need to add any smoothing control compensation equipment, simplifying the structure, reducing costs, and improving reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 A flowchart of a vertical gravity energy storage power smoothing control method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 The power smoothing waveform diagram of two energy storage units when the duty cycle is 1 / 2, which is provided by a vertical gravity energy storage power smoothing control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 Mechanical power diagram of two energy storage units when the duty cycle is 1 / 3, provided by a vertical gravity energy storage power smoothing control method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 Mechanical power diagram of three energy storage units when the duty cycle is 1 / 3, provided by a vertical gravity energy storage power smoothing control method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 A simulation model diagram of a gravity energy storage system with three energy storage units, which is an example of a vertical gravity energy storage power smoothing control method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6The power generation diagram of three energy storage units when the duty cycle is 2 / 3 is an example of the power smoothing control method for vertical gravity energy storage provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, according to an embodiment of the present invention, in one aspect, a method for smooth control of power in vertical gravity energy storage is provided. The energy storage unit includes multiple energy storage mass blocks, and the control method includes the following steps:

[0029] Step S101: Define the duty cycle of the mechanical power of the energy storage unit. The duty cycle is the ratio of the duration of high mechanical power of the energy storage unit to the cycle of the mechanical power of the energy storage unit.

[0030] Step S103: Calculate the switching time of the continuous energy storage unit based on the duty cycle. The switching time is the interval between two continuous energy storage units operating at high mechanical power.

[0031] Step S105: Based on the switching time, switch the number of energy storage mass blocks of multiple energy storage units at equal intervals, where equal intervals refer to the mechanical power cycle of the energy storage unit.

[0032] In this embodiment, the duty cycle D represents the ratio of the duration of high mechanical power of the gravity energy storage unit to the mechanical power cycle of the energy storage unit, and the expression is as follows:

[0033]

[0034] In the formula, t hmp The duration of high mechanical power in the energy storage unit is denoted by T, where T is the mechanical power cycle of the energy storage unit.

[0035] By defining the duty cycle, the proportion of time that an energy storage unit is in a high-power output state during its mechanical power cycle can be determined.

[0036] The switching time δ is calculated based on the duty cycle D. The switching time is the interval between two consecutive energy storage units operating at high mechanical power, and it can be controlled by adjusting the duty cycle. If the system is designed to operate multiple units simultaneously, the switching time δ can be calculated using the total cycle T and the duty cycle D. Calculating the time interval between switching between two consecutive energy storage units ensures continuous and smooth power output of the system.

[0037] Based on the calculated switching time, the number of energy storage mass blocks in multiple energy storage units is controlled to switch at equal intervals. This means that the high-power operation time and low-power operation time of each energy storage unit are equal, thus achieving equal-periodic operation. The control system needs to precisely control the start-up and stop time of each unit to ensure that at any given time, at least one unit in the system is in a high-power output state, while other energy storage units are in a low-power or no-power state.

[0038] Based on the switching time, the synchronous operation of multiple energy storage units can be ensured through equal-period switching control, thereby achieving smooth power output without the need for any additional smoothing control compensation equipment. This simplifies the structure, reduces costs, and improves reliability, making it particularly suitable for applications such as renewable energy grid connection and grid frequency regulation.

[0039] In a gravity energy storage system, each energy storage unit stores and releases energy by raising and lowering a mass block. Once one energy storage unit completes its energy release cycle, the next energy storage unit needs to begin its energy release cycle within a predetermined switching time to ensure that the system's power output is not interrupted.

[0040] Based on the duty cycle, gravity energy storage units are divided into two cases: one where the duty cycle is half of the energy storage unit's mechanical power cycle and the other where the duty cycle is not half of the energy storage unit's mechanical power cycle.

[0041] If the duty cycle is 1 / 2, then two energy storage units are set up.

[0042] If the duty cycle D is 1 / 2, that is, the duration of high mechanical power of the gravity energy storage unit is half of the mechanical power cycle of the energy storage unit, and the time length of the number of energy storage mass blocks on the track is set to N blocks as t1, and the time length of the number of energy storage mass blocks on the track is set to N-1 blocks as t2, then the mechanical power T of a single gravity energy storage unit can be expressed as shown in equation (2):

[0043] T = t1 + t2 (2).

[0044] This means that each energy storage unit spends half of its mechanical power cycle T in a high-power output state and the other half in a low-power or no-power state. By setting up two energy storage units, it is possible to ensure that at any given time, at least one unit is in a high-power state, thus achieving continuous power output. In this case, the two energy storage units can be coordinated and controlled to achieve smooth power output of the system.

[0045] When one energy storage unit in the system is unable to provide the expected power output due to some reason, such as maintenance, failure, or other changes in operating conditions, the system needs to compensate for this power deficit by adjusting the operation of other energy storage units.

[0046] Specifically, step S105 involves switching the number of energy storage quality units across multiple energy storage units at equal intervals based on the switching time, specifically including:

[0047] Step S1051: Monitor the power output of each energy storage unit in real time and identify energy storage units that have power deficits;

[0048] Step S1053: Adjust the running time of the energy storage mass block on the track of the energy storage unit with power deficit so that when the energy storage mass block on the track of the energy storage unit with power deficit switches over the switching time, the other energy storage unit has no energy storage mass block to switch over.

[0049] By monitoring power output in real time, units with insufficient power output can be identified and adjusted promptly. Based on the magnitude of the power deficit, the operating time of the energy storage mass blocks requiring adjustment can be calculated. By executing the calculated adjustments, the operating time of the energy storage mass blocks can be changed, thereby enabling the switching of multiple energy storage units at equal cycles with varying switching times.

[0050] Through this dynamic adjustment and coordinated control, gravity energy storage systems can effectively manage power output, ensure system stability and reliability, and optimize energy utilization efficiency.

[0051] More specifically, the mechanical power of energy storage units experiencing power deficits must meet the following requirements:

[0052]

[0053] In the formula, N is the number of energy storage mass blocks on the fixed track, m is the mass of a single energy storage mass block, V is the operating speed of the energy storage mass block, and T is the mechanical power cycle of the energy storage unit.

[0054] The mechanical efficiency of the other energy storage unit satisfies:

[0055]

[0056] If the duty cycle D is 1 / 2, and the time from 0 to T / 2 is when the number of energy storage mass blocks N on the track of the first unit is N-1, and the time from T / 2 to T is N-1, then the mechanical power of the first unit is as shown in equation (3).

[0057] When the number of energy storage mass blocks on the track of the first energy storage unit is N, and the time is from 0 to T / 2, its mechanical power is NmgV.

[0058] When the quantity is N-1 and the time is from T / 2 to T, its mechanical power is (N-1)mgV.

[0059] As can be seen from equation (3), the first unit will experience a power deficit during the time interval from T / 2 to T. Therefore, the second unit should ensure that the number of energy storage mass blocks on the track is N during the time interval from T / 2 to T, and that the number of energy storage mass blocks on the track is N-1 during the time interval from 0 to T / 2. The mechanical power of the second unit can be obtained as shown in equation (4).

[0060] During the time interval from T / 2 to T, the second unit should ensure that the number of energy storage mass blocks on the track is N to compensate for the power deficit of the first unit.

[0061] During the time interval from 0 to T / 2, the number of energy storage mass blocks on the orbit is guaranteed to be N-1.

[0062] If the duty cycle is 1 / 2, the switching time between the two energy storage units satisfies:

[0063]

[0064] In the formula, T is the mechanical power cycle of the energy storage unit.

[0065] According to formula (5), in this example, since the duty cycle D is 1 / 2, then And if only one energy storage unit is in high power state at any given time, then n a =1.

[0066] Therefore, switching time

[0067] The two energy storage units operate in a periodic switching manner, meaning that the high-power operation time and low-power operation time of each energy storage unit are equal.

[0068] For example, if the first energy storage unit is at time 0 to If the second energy storage unit is in a high-power state during the period, then the second energy storage unit will be in the high-power state during the period. It is in a high-power state during the T period.

[0069] This switching method ensures that one energy storage unit is always in a high-power state throughout the entire cycle T, thus enabling smooth power output.

[0070] By setting up two energy storage units and adopting a control strategy with a duty cycle of 1 / 2, the gravity energy storage system can achieve continuous and smooth power output, improving the stability and reliability of the power grid.

[0071] The interval δ between two consecutive units operating at full power is T / 2, which ensures that at the switching time, one unit switches while the other does not.

[0072] like Figure 2 As shown, smooth power output is achieved by superimposing peaks and troughs. Specifically, when a power deficit occurs in the mechanical power of the first unit, the operating time of the energy storage mass blocks on the track of the first unit is adjusted. This ensures that when the energy storage mass blocks of the first unit switch at the switching point, no energy storage mass blocks in the second unit switch. This guarantees that even during energy storage mass block switching, the gravity energy storage system maintains the required power level, thus achieving smooth power generation between the two units of the gravity energy storage system. At this point, the mechanical power p provided by the energy storage mass blocks of the entire gravity energy storage system... m and the system's power generation p e As shown in equations (6) and (7).

[0073] At this time, the switching time δ between the two consecutive units is as shown in equation (5).

[0074] The mechanical power and power generation provided by the energy storage mass blocks of the entire gravity energy storage multi-unit system are:

[0075] P m =(2N-1)mgv (6);

[0076] P e =η(2N-1)mgv(7);

[0077] In the formula, η is the overall system efficiency.

[0078] The duty cycle D is not 1 / 2; for example, D = 1 / 3.

[0079] If the duty cycle is 1 / 3, and the number of energy storage units is three, namely the first energy storage unit, the second energy storage unit, and the third energy storage unit, and the time t1 when the number of mass blocks on the track of the first energy storage unit is N is from 0 to T / 3, and the time t2 when the number of mass blocks is N-1 is from T / 3 to T, then the mechanical power of the first energy storage unit is as shown in equation (8), and the mechanical efficiency of the first energy storage unit satisfies:

[0080]

[0081] The time t1 when the number of mass blocks on the track of the second energy storage unit is N is from T / 3 to 2T / 3, and the time t2 when the number of mass blocks is N-1 is from 2T / 3 to 4T / 3. Then the mechanical power of the second energy storage unit is as shown in equation (9).

[0082] The mechanical efficiency of the second energy storage unit satisfies:

[0083]

[0084] From equations (8), (9) and Figure 3 It is known that using two gravity energy storage units in alternating operation cannot smooth the overall mechanical power of the system. Therefore, a third energy storage unit is used for smoothing. The third energy storage unit should satisfy the requirement that the number of mass blocks on the track is N within the time interval from 2T / 3 to T. The power expression of the third energy storage unit can be obtained as shown in equation (10). Figure 4 As shown.

[0085] The mechanical efficiency of the third energy storage unit meets the following requirements:

[0086]

[0087] In the formula, N is the number of energy storage mass blocks on the fixed track, m is the mass of a single energy storage mass block, V is the operating speed of the energy storage mass block, and T is the mechanical power cycle of the energy storage unit.

[0088] After adding the third energy storage unit, in order to smooth the power generation of the entire gravity energy storage system, the switching time δ of each gravity energy storage unit is as shown in equation (11).

[0089] If the duty cycle is 1 / 3, then the switching time satisfies:

[0090]

[0091] In the formula, T is the mechanical power cycle of the energy storage unit.

[0092] Extending the above method based on D=1 / 3, further, each energy storage unit includes multiple energy storage mass blocks, and the switching time satisfies the following relationship:

[0093]

[0094] In the formula, δ is the switching time, and n a t1 represents the number of energy storage units operating at high mechanical power at the same time, and t1 represents the time when the number of energy storage mass blocks on the track of the energy storage unit is N.

[0095] If the interval between two consecutive units operating at high power is δ, then for a gravity energy storage unit that switches at equal periods, the relationship that should be satisfied to achieve power smoothing is shown in Equation (12).

[0096] By precisely controlling the switching time, smooth power output can be achieved, power fluctuations can be reduced, and system stability and reliability can be improved. A reasonable switching time can also optimize the use of energy storage units, improving the overall energy efficiency of the system.

[0097] In gravity energy storage systems, precise control of the energy storage unit's operation is necessary to ensure system stability and reliability. This is especially true when the duty cycle D is not 1 / 2, meaning the ratio of high-power output time to low-power output time within the energy storage unit's mechanical power cycle T is not 1:1. In such cases, adjustments to the energy storage unit's operation scheduling are required.

[0098] Furthermore, if the duty cycle is not 1 / 2, the number of energy storage units satisfies the condition that the time interval between all gravity energy storage units operating at full power is greater than or equal to the time of the entire mechanical power cycle, expressed as:

[0099] T×n a ≤t1×n u (13);

[0100] In the formula, n u Let n be the number of energy storage units, t1 be the time when the number of energy storage mass blocks on the orbit of the energy storage unit is N, and n a The number of energy storage units operating at high mechanical power at the same time, where T is the mechanical power cycle of the energy storage unit.

[0101] By monitoring the power output of each energy storage unit in real time, units with insufficient power output can be identified. When the time interval between all gravity energy storage units operating at full power is greater than or equal to the entire mechanical power cycle, it can be ensured that at any given time, at least one energy storage unit is in a high-power output state to meet the system's power requirements.

[0102] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a vertical gravity energy storage power smoothing control system, comprising: a vertical gravity energy storage control module, adapted to control the operation of energy storage units; a processor, communicatively connected to the vertical gravity energy storage control module, the processor defining a duty cycle and calculating the switching time of continuous energy storage units based on the duty cycle, and the processor using the vertical gravity energy storage control module to perform equal-periodic switching control on multiple energy storage units based on the switching time.

[0103] The main function of the vertical gravity energy storage control module is to control the operation of the energy storage unit. It mainly includes all hardware and software components related to the energy storage unit, such as motors, control systems, sensors, etc., as well as tracks and mechanical structures used to lift and lower the energy storage mass block.

[0104] The processor is mainly used to process data and issue control commands. The communication system between the processor and the vertical gravity energy storage control module is responsible for transmitting control commands and feedback information to ensure the real-time response and coordinated operation of the system.

[0105] Examples of the present invention

[0106] Taking a gravity energy storage system containing three energy storage units as an example for analysis, the mechanical power duty cycle of each energy storage unit is 2 / 3. Figure 5 A simulation model of a gravity energy storage system with three energy storage units is provided. Each energy storage unit includes an asynchronous generator motor module and an energy storage mass block module, namely, the first asynchronous generator motor module, the second asynchronous generator motor module, the third asynchronous generator motor module, the first energy storage mass module, the second energy storage mass module, and the third energy storage mass module. The structural parameters of each energy storage unit are used as shown in Table 1. Assuming that the mechanical power cycle of each unit is 6 seconds, the switching time of the energy storage mass block in each unit is 2 seconds.

[0107] Table 1 Structural parameters of gravity energy storage system

[0108]

[0109]

[0110] When the mechanical power duty cycle of each energy storage unit is 2 / 3, the number of energy storage units operating at full power at any given time is 2. The interval between two consecutive energy storage units operating at full power is t1 / 2. Within the time interval from 0 to 2T / 3, the first energy storage unit operates at full power, and equation (a) represents the mechanical power expression for the first energy storage unit. Within the time interval from T / 3 to T, the second energy storage unit operates at full power, and equation (b) represents the mechanical power expression for the second energy storage unit. Within the time interval from 2T / 3 to 4T / 3, the third energy storage unit operates at full power, and equation (c) represents the mechanical power expression for the third energy storage unit.

[0111]

[0112] Figure 6 The figure shows the power generation waveforms of each of the three gravity energy storage units and the entire gravity energy storage system. As can be seen from the figure, the method proposed in this patent can effectively achieve power smoothing of multi-unit systems.

[0113] This invention utilizes time-coordinated control with a fixed period to enable the power fluctuations of multiple energy storage units to complement and superimpose in the time domain, thereby reducing the overall power output fluctuation of the system. This invention requires no additional power smoothing device, has a simple structure, and is low in cost. It is suitable for large-scale gravity energy storage power plants and can effectively improve grid stability and the absorption capacity of renewable energy.

[0114] The above embodiments are merely illustrative examples and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for smooth control of power in vertical gravity energy storage, characterized in that, The energy storage unit comprises multiple energy storage mass blocks, and the control methods include: Define the duty cycle of the mechanical power of the energy storage unit, which is the ratio of the duration of high mechanical power of the energy storage unit to the cycle of the mechanical power of the energy storage unit; The switching time of the continuous energy storage unit is calculated based on the duty cycle. The switching time is the interval between two consecutive energy storage units operating at high mechanical power. Based on the switching time, the number of energy storage mass blocks is switched at equal intervals for multiple energy storage units, where the equal interval is the mechanical power cycle of the energy storage unit.

2. The vertical gravity energy storage power smoothing control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching time satisfies the following relationship: In the formula, δ is the switching time, and n a t1 represents the number of energy storage units operating at high mechanical power at the same time, and t1 represents the time when the number of energy storage mass blocks on the track of the energy storage unit is N.

3. The vertical gravity energy storage power smoothing control method according to claim 2, characterized in that, If the duty cycle is 1 / 2, then two energy storage units are provided.

4. The vertical gravity energy storage power smoothing control method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Based on the switching time, the number of energy storage mass blocks is switched at equal intervals for multiple energy storage units, specifically including: Real-time monitoring of the power output of each energy storage unit to identify energy storage units experiencing power deficits; The operating time of the energy storage mass block on the track of the energy storage unit experiencing a power deficit is adjusted so that when the energy storage mass block on the track of the energy storage unit experiencing a power deficit switches at the switching time, no energy storage mass block of the other energy storage unit switches.

5. The vertical gravity energy storage power smoothing control method according to claim 4, characterized in that, If the duty cycle is 1 / 2, the mechanical power of the energy storage unit experiencing power deficit satisfies: In the formula, N is the number of energy storage mass blocks on the fixed track, m is the mass of a single energy storage mass block, V is the operating speed of the energy storage mass block, and T is the mechanical power cycle of the energy storage unit. The mechanical efficiency of the other energy storage unit satisfies:

6. The vertical gravity energy storage power smoothing control method according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that, The switching time between the two energy storage units satisfies: In the formula, T is the mechanical power cycle of the energy storage unit.

7. The vertical gravity energy storage power smoothing control method according to claim 2, characterized in that, If the duty cycle is not 1 / 2, the number of energy storage units satisfies the following condition: the time interval between all gravity energy storage units operating at full power is greater than or equal to the time of the entire mechanical power cycle, expressed as: T×n a ≤t1×n u ; In the formula, n u Let n be the number of energy storage units, t1 be the time when the number of energy storage mass blocks on the orbit of the energy storage unit is N, and n a The number of energy storage units operating at high mechanical power at the same time, where T is the mechanical power cycle of the energy storage unit.

8. The vertical gravity energy storage power smoothing control method according to claim 7, characterized in that, If the duty cycle is 1 / 3, then the switching time satisfies: In the formula, T is the mechanical power cycle of the energy storage unit.

9. The vertical gravity energy storage power smoothing control method according to claim 2, characterized in that, If the duty cycle is 1 / 3, and the number of energy storage units is three, namely a first energy storage unit, a second energy storage unit, and a third energy storage unit, the mechanical efficiency of the first energy storage unit satisfies: The mechanical efficiency of the second energy storage unit satisfies: The mechanical efficiency of the third energy storage unit satisfies: In the formula, N is the number of energy storage mass blocks on the fixed track, m is the mass of a single energy storage mass block, V is the operating speed of the energy storage mass block, and T is the mechanical power cycle of the energy storage unit.

10. A vertical gravity energy storage power smoothing control system, characterized in that, include: A vertical gravity energy storage control module is suitable for controlling the operation of energy storage units; The processor is communicatively connected to the vertical gravity energy storage control module. The processor defines the duty cycle and calculates the switching time of the continuous energy storage unit based on the duty cycle. Based on the switching time, the processor uses the vertical gravity energy storage control module to perform equal-period switching control on multiple energy storage units.

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