Opportunistic DMRS or CSI-RS assisted beam prediction accuracy improvement

Abstract

Methods and apparatus for accuracy improvement for opportunistic DMRS or CSI-RS assisted beam prediction. In one embodiment, an apparatus receives a TCI state configuration with respect to a target reference signal, the TCI state configuration including at least one QCL configuration, the at least one QCL configuration including a spatial transmission parameter shared with a source signal. The apparatus receives, from the network entity, a target reference signal associated with the TCI state configuration, wherein a transmit spatial filter of the target reference signal corresponds to a source signal from the TCI state configuration. The apparatus may send a report of the source signal and the predicted channel characteristics for the TCI configuration to a network entity. The apparatus may send, to a network entity, an indication of support of UE capabilities associated with at least one QCL configuration including spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates generally to communication systems, and more specifically to configurations for improving the accuracy of opportunistic DMRS or CSI-RS-assisted beam prediction. Background Technology

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunications services, such as telephone, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access technologies include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems, and Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0003] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate at the city, national, regional, and even global levels. An example telecommunications standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of the Continuous Evolution of Mobile Broadband (CEM) program issued by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with the Internet of Things (IoT),) and other requirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC). Some aspects of 5G NR can be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. Further improvements to 5G NR technology are needed. Furthermore, these improvements can also be applied to other multiple access technologies and telecommunications standards that adopt these technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The following is a simplified summary of one or more aspects to provide a basic understanding of these aspects. This summary is not a comprehensive overview of all conceived aspects. It neither identifies key or essential elements of all aspects nor describes the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed descriptions that follow.

[0005] In one aspect of this disclosure, a method, computer-readable medium, and apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a device at a UE. The device may be a processor and / or modem at the UE, or the UE itself. The apparatus receives a Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) state configuration for a target reference signal, the TCI state configuration including at least one Quasi-Co-location (QCL) configuration, the at least one QCL configuration including spatial transmission parameters shared with a source signal. The apparatus receives the target reference signal associated with the TCI state configuration from a network entity, wherein the transmission spatial filter of the target reference signal corresponds to the source signal from the TCI state configuration.

[0006] In one aspect of this disclosure, a method, computer-readable medium, and apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a device at a network node. The device may be a processor and / or modem at the network node, or the network node itself. The apparatus configures a TCI state configuration for a target reference signal, the TCI state configuration including at least one QCL configuration, the at least one QCL configuration including spatial transmission parameters shared with a source signal. The apparatus provides the TCI state configuration for the target reference signal to a user equipment (UE), the TCI state configuration including the at least one QCL configuration, the at least one QCL configuration including the spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal. The apparatus provides the UE with the target reference signal associated with the TCI state configuration, wherein the transmission spatial filter of the target reference signal corresponds to the source signal from the TCI state configuration.

[0007] To achieve the foregoing and related objectives, one or more aspects include the features fully described below and specifically pointed out in the claims. The following description and drawings illustrate some exemplary features of one or more aspects in detail. However, these features indicate only a few of the various ways in which the principles of the various aspects may be employed. Attached Figure Description

[0008] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network.

[0009] Figure 2A This is an illustration of an example of the first frame according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0010] Figure 2B This is a diagram illustrating examples of downlink (DL) channels within a subframe according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0011] Figure 2C This is an illustration of an example of a second frame according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0012] Figure 2DThis is a diagram illustrating examples of uplink (UL) channels within a subframe according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0013] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating examples of base stations and user equipment (UEs) in an access network.

[0014] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating an example of an artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) algorithm.

[0015] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the QCL type.

[0016] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating another example of the QCL type.

[0017] Figure 7 This is a call flow diagram of signaling between the UE and the base station.

[0018] Figure 8 This is a flowchart of a wireless communication method.

[0019] Figure 9 This is a flowchart of a wireless communication method.

[0020] Figure 10 These are illustrations illustrating specific hardware implementations used for example devices and / or network entities.

[0021] Figure 11 This is a flowchart of a wireless communication method.

[0022] Figure 12 This is a flowchart of a wireless communication method.

[0023] Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation used for an example network entity. Detailed Implementation

[0024] Sometimes, beam prediction can have reduced accuracy due to insufficient measurement or observation. In some instances, DMRS and CSI-RS can be used to improve prediction accuracy. For example, DMRS and / or CSI-RS can be transmitted to provide more opportunistic measurement resources, thereby improving beam prediction accuracy. Alternatively, the added reference signal enables more opportunistic performance monitoring opportunities for UE measurements transmitted via the same beam as the beam predicted by the UE based on L1-RSRP to attempt to verify the L1-RSRP predicted by the UE. In another example, aperiodic CSI-RS (AP CSI-RS) transmitted via the same beam that has been used by the UE as an AI / ML input for beam prediction can be used to refine or improve beam prediction accuracy or verify the L1-RSRP predicted by the UE.

[0025] QCL Type D can be associated with spatial reception parameters, and the network can determine the associated spatial transmission parameters. For example, a base station can use a narrower beam than the QCL source for transmission to improve transmission throughput. The UE may not assume that the same transmission beam is used to transmit this transmission and the DMRS / CSI-RS QCL Type D source reference signal. The UE can derive the reception beam for receiving this DMRS / CSI-RS based on the reception beam already used to receive the corresponding QCL Type D source reference signal. Therefore, the UE may not assume that this DMRS / CSI-RS can be used as an additional AI / ML input for the transmission beam, nor as a prediction verification resource for the transmission beam.

[0026] Overall, various aspects relate to improving the accuracy of beam prediction. Some aspects are more specifically related to defining the QCL type of spatial transmission parameters. In some examples, the UE may receive a TCI state configuration corresponding to a target reference signal, which includes a QCL configuration that includes spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal. The UE may receive a target reference signal with a TCI state configuration such that the transmission spatial filter of the target reference signal corresponds to the source signal from the TCI state configuration.

[0027] Specific aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to achieve one or more of the following potential advantages. At least one advantage of this disclosure is that a QCL configuration including spatial transmission parameters allows for improvement in beam prediction accuracy based on these spatial transmission parameters. The QCL configuration may include spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal, which may allow for additional or opportunistic AI / ML inputs to refine or improve beam prediction, or may allow for opportunistic AI / ML performance monitoring.

[0028] The detailed descriptions following, illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings, describe various configurations and do not represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein can be practiced. To provide a thorough understanding of the various concepts, the detailed descriptions include specific details. However, these concepts can be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring these concepts.

[0029] Various apparatuses and methods are presented with reference to several aspects of a telecommunications system. These apparatuses and methods are described in detail below and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively, “elements”). These elements can be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether these elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the system as a whole.

[0030] As an example, an element, any part of an element, or any combination of elements may be implemented as a “processing system” including one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, system-on-a-chip (SoCs), baseband processors, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gate logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionalities described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in a processing system may execute software. Whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or other terms, software should be broadly interpreted as instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subroutines, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, or any combination thereof.

[0031] Therefore, in one or more example aspects, specific implementations, and / or use cases, the described functionality may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functionality may be stored or encoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include computer storage media. Storage media can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, such computer-readable media may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disc storage devices, magnetic disk storage devices, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of these types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer-executable code in the form of instructions or data structures accessible by a computer.

[0032] While aspects, implementations, and / or use cases are described herein by way of example, additional or different aspects, implementations, and / or use cases may arise in many different arrangements and scenarios. The aspects, implementations, and / or use cases described herein can be implemented across many different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and package arrangements. For example, aspects, implementations, and / or use cases may arise via integrated chip implementations and other devices based on non-modular components (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchasing devices, medical devices, AI-enabled devices, etc.). While some examples may or may not be specific to a use case or application, the described examples may exhibit broad applicability. Aspects, implementations, and / or use cases can range from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level implementations, and further to aggregated, distributed, or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems incorporating one or more of the technologies described herein. In some practical settings, devices incorporating the described aspects and features may also include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the claimed and described aspects. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily involve multiple components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders / summers, etc.). The techniques described herein can be practiced in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, aggregated or decomposed components, end-user equipment, etc., of various sizes, shapes, and configurations.

[0033] Communication systems, such as 5G NR systems, can be deployed in various ways with a variety of components or parts. In a 5G NR system or network, network nodes, network entities, network mobility elements, radio access network (RAN) nodes, core network nodes, network elements or network equipment (such as base stations (BS)), or one or more units (or components) performing base station functions can be implemented in aggregated or decomposed architectures. For example, BSs (such as Node B (NB), evolved NB (eNB), NR BS, 5G NB, access point (AP), transmit / receive point (TRP), or cell, etc.) can be implemented as aggregated base stations (also known as standalone BS or monolithic BS) or decomposed base stations.

[0034] Aggregated base stations can be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. Decomposed base stations can be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed across two or more units, such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs). In some respects, the CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed across one or more other RAN nodes. DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, namely a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0035] Base station operation or network design can take into account the aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, decomposed base stations can be utilized in Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) networks, Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN (such as network configurations initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or Virtualized Radio Access Networks (vRAN, also known as Cloud Radio Access Networks (C-RAN)). Decomposition can include distributing functionality across two or more units in various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing the functionality of at least one unit, which enables flexibility in network design. The various units of a decomposed base station or decomposed RAN architecture can be configured to communicate wirelessly with at least one other unit.

[0036] Figure 1 Figure 100 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system and access network. The illustrated wireless communication system includes a decomposed base station architecture. The decomposed base station architecture may include one or more CUs 110, which may communicate directly with the core network 120 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 120 via one or more decomposed base station units, such as a near real-time (near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 125 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC 115 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) framework 105, or both. CUs 110 may communicate with one or more DUs 130 via a corresponding midhaul link (such as an F1 interface). DUs 130 may communicate with one or more RUs 140 via a corresponding fronthaul link. RUs 140 may communicate with a corresponding UE 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 140.

[0037] Each of the units (i.e., CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and near-RT RIC 125, non-RT RIC 115, and SMO frame 105) may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via wired or wireless transmission media. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communication interfaces of these units, may be configured to communicate with one or more other units via transmission media. For example, these units may include wired interfaces configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more other units via wired transmission media. Additionally, these units may include wireless interfaces that may include receivers, transmitters, or transceivers (such as RF transceivers) configured to receive signals via wireless transmission media or transmit signals to one or more other units, or both.

[0038] In some aspects, the CU 110 can host one or more higher-level control functions. Such control functions may include Radio Resource Control (RRC), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), Serving Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function can be implemented using an interface configured to signal to other control functions hosted by the CU 110. The CU 110 can be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit-User Plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit-Control Plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 110 can be logically divided into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP units can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP units via an interface such as an E1 interface. The CU 110 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 130 for network control and signaling as needed.

[0039] DU 130 may correspond to a logic unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RU 140s. In some aspects, DU 130 may at least partially host one or more of the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Media Access Control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.) according to functional splits (such as those defined by 3GPP). In some aspects, DU 130 may also host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signaling with other layers (and modules) hosted by DU 130 or with control functions hosted by CU 110.

[0040] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RU 140s. In some deployments, an RU140 controlled by a DU 130 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or both, based at least in part on functional decomposition (such as lower-layer functional decomposition). In such architectures, the RU 140 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UE 104s. In some specific implementations, the real-time and non-real-time aspects of control plane and user plane communications with the RU 140 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 130. In some scenarios, this configuration enables the implementation of the DU 130 and CU 110 in cloud-based RAN architectures such as vRAN architectures.

[0041] SMO framework 105 can be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of both non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, SMO framework 105 can be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which can be managed via operation and maintenance interfaces such as the O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, SMO framework 105 can be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform such as Open Cloud (O-Cloud) 190 to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface such as the O2 interface. Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and near-RT RIC 125. In some implementations, SMO framework 105 can communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN, such as Open eNB (O-eNB) 111, via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, SMO framework 105 can communicate directly with one or more RU 140s via the O1 interface. SMO framework 105 may also include a non-RT RIC 115 configured to support the functionality of SMO framework 105.

[0042] The non-RT RIC 115 can be configured to include logical functions enabling non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, including artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) workflows for model training and updates, or policy-based guidance for applications / features in the near-RT RIC 125. The non-RT RIC 115 can be coupled to or communicate with the near-RT RIC 125, such as via an A1 interface. The near-RT RIC 125 can be configured to include logical functions enabling near real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via an interface, such as an E2 interface, connecting one or more CU 110s, one or more DU 130s, or both, and O-eNBs to the near-RT RIC 125.

[0043] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 125, the non-RT RIC 115 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. This information can be utilized by the near-RT RIC 125 and can be received from non-network data sources or network functions at the SMO framework 105 or the non-RT RIC 115. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 115 or the near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 115 may monitor long-term trends and patterns of performance and use AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO framework 105 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or by creating RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0044] At least one of CU 110, DU 130, and RU 140 may be referred to as base station 102. Therefore, base station 102 may include one or more of CU 110, DU 130, and RU 140 (each component is indicated by a dashed line to indicate that each component may or may not be included in base station 102). Base station 102 provides UE 104 with an access point to core network 120. Base station 102 may include macro cells (high-power cellular base stations) and / or small cells (low-power cellular base stations). Small cells include femtocells, picocells, and microcells. A network that includes both small cells and macro cells may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include an evolved home node B (eNB) (HeNB), which can provide service to a restricted group referred to as a closed subscriber group (CSG). The communication link between RU 140 and UE 104 may include uplink (UL) transmission (also known as reverse link) from UE 104 to RU 140 and / or downlink (DL) transmission (also known as forward link) transmission from RU 140 to UE 104. The communication link may utilize multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna techniques, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link may use one or more carriers. For each carrier allocated in a total of up to Yx MHz (x component carriers) for transmission in each direction, base station 102 / UE 104 may use a spectrum with a bandwidth of up to Y MHz (e.g., 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz, 20MHz, 100MHz, 400MHz, etc.). Carriers may be adjacent to each other or may not be adjacent to each other. Carrier allocation may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to DL compared to UL). Component carriers may include primary component carriers and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier can be referred to as the primary cell (PCell) and the secondary component carrier can be referred to as the secondary cell (SCell).

[0045] Some UEs 104 can communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. D2D communication link 158 can use DL / UL wireless wide area network (WWAN) spectrum. D2D communication link 158 can use one or more sidelink channels, such as Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH), Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel (PSDCH), Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), and Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH). D2D communication can be performed through various wireless D2D communication systems, such as Bluetooth. ™ (Bluetooth is a trademark of the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG), and is based on the IEEE 802.11 standard for Wi-Fi.) ™(Wi-Fi is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance), LTE, or NR.

[0046] The wireless communication system may also include a Wi-Fi AP 150, which communicates with the UE 104 (also referred to as a Wi-Fi station (STA)) via a communication link 154, for example, in an unlicensed spectrum such as 5 GHz. When communicating in unlicensed spectrum, the UE 104 / AP 150 may perform a free channel assessment (CCA) to determine whether a channel is available before communication.

[0047] The electromagnetic spectrum is typically subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc., based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been designated as frequency ranges FR1 (410MHz-7.125GHz) and FR2 (24.25GHz-52.6GHz). Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6GHz, in various documents and articles, FR1 is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "sub-6GHz" band. Similar naming issues sometimes occur with FR2, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "millimeter wave" band in documents and articles, although this is distinct from the Extremely High Frequency (EHF) band (30GHz–300GHz) designated as "millimeter wave" by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0048] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR studies have designated the operating bands for these mid-band frequencies as the frequency range designation FR3 (7.125GHz-24.25GHz). Bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 and / or FR2 characteristics, thus effectively extending the features of FR1 and / or FR2 to mid-band frequencies. Additionally, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been designated as the frequency range designations FR2-2 (52.6GHz-71GHz), FR4 (71GHz-114.25GHz), and FR5 (114.25GHz-300GHz). Each of these higher bands falls within the EHF band.

[0049] In view of the above, unless otherwise specifically stated, the term "below 6 GHz" as used herein can broadly refer to frequencies less than 6 GHz, within FR1, or including intermediate frequency band frequencies. Furthermore, unless otherwise specifically stated, the term "millimeter wave" as used herein can broadly refer to frequencies that can include intermediate frequency band frequencies, within FR2, FR4, FR2-2 and / or FR5, or within the EHF band.

[0050] Base station 102 and UE 104 may each include multiple antennas (such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays) to facilitate beamforming. Base station 102 may transmit beamformed signals 182 to UE 104 in one or more transmit directions. UE 104 may receive beamformed signals from base station 102 in one or more receive directions. UE 104 may also transmit beamformed signals 184 to base station 102 in one or more transmit directions. Base station 102 may receive beamformed signals from UE 104 in one or more receive directions. Base station 102 / UE 104 may perform beamforming training to determine the optimal receive and transmit directions for each of base station 102 / UE 104. The transmit and receive directions of base station 102 may be the same or different. The transmit and receive directions of UE 104 may be the same or different.

[0051] Base station 102 may include and / or be referred to as gNB, Node B, eNB, access point, base transceiver, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, basic service set (BSS), extended service set (ESS), TRP, network node, network entity, network equipment, or some other suitable terminology. Base station 102 may be implemented as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, relay node, sidelink node, aggregated (monolithic) base station with baseband units (BBU) (including CU and DU) and RU, or may be implemented as a decomposed base station including one or more of CU, DU, and / or RU. A collection of base stations that may include decomposed base stations and / or aggregated base stations may be referred to as Next Generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN).

[0052] The core network 120 may include Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 161, Session Management Function (SMF) 162, User Plane Function (UPF) 163, Unified Data Management (UDM) 164, one or more location servers 168, and other functional entities. AMF 161 is the control node that handles signaling between UE 104 and the core network 120. AMF 161 supports registration management, connection management, mobility management, and other functions. SMF 162 supports session management and other functions. UPF 163 supports packet routing, packet forwarding, and other functions. UDM 164 supports authentication and key agreement (AKA) credential generation, user identity processing, access authorization, and subscription management. One or more location servers 168 are exemplified as including a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) 165 and a Location Management Function (LMF) 166. However, generally, one or more location servers 168 may include one or more location / positioning servers, which may include one or more of GMLC 165, LMF 166, Position Determination Entity (PDE), Serving Mobile Location Center (SMLC), Mobile Location Center (MPC), etc. GMLC 165 and LMF 166 support UE location services. GMLC 165 provides an interface for clients / applications (e.g., emergency services) to access UE location information. LMF 166 receives measurement and auxiliary information from NG-RAN and UE 104 via AMF 161 to calculate the location of UE 104. NG-RAN may use one or more positioning methods to determine the location of UE 104. Positioning UE 104 may involve signal measurement, location estimation, and optional speed calculation based on these measurements. Signal measurement may be performed by UE 104 and / or base station 102 serving UE 104. The measured signals may be based on one or more of the following: Satellite Positioning System (SPS) 170 (e.g., one or more of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Global Positioning System (GPS), Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) or other satellite positioning / location systems), LTE signals, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) signals, Bluetooth signals, Terrestrial Beacon System (TBS), sensor-based information (e.g., barometric pressure sensor, motion sensor), NR Enhanced Cell ID (NR E-CID) method, NR signals (e.g., multiple round-trip time (multiple RTT), DL departure angle (DL-AoD), DL time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA), UL time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA), and UL angle of arrival (UL-AoA) positioning) and / or other systems / signals / sensors.

[0053] Examples of UE 104 include cellular phones, smartphones, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, GPS devices, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, tablet devices, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electricity meters, air pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare devices, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, or any other similarly functional device. Some UEs in UE 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meters, air pumps, toasters, vehicles, heart monitors, etc.). UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, mobile station, subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, mobile phone, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology. In some scenarios, the term UE may also be applied to one or more companion devices, such as in a device constellation arrangement. One or more of these devices may access the network together and / or individually.

[0054] Refer again Figure 1 In some respects, UE 104 may include QCL component 198, which is configured to: receive a TCI state configuration for a target reference signal, the TCI state configuration including at least one QCL configuration including spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal; and receive a target reference signal associated with the TCI state configuration from a network entity, wherein the transmission spatial filter of the target reference signal corresponds to the source signal from the TCI state configuration.

[0055] Refer again Figure 1 In some aspects, base station 102 may include QCL component 199, which is configured to: configure a TCI state configuration for a target reference signal, the TCI state configuration including at least one QCL configuration including spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal; provide the UE with the TCI state configuration for the target reference signal, the TCI state configuration including at least one QCL configuration including spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal; and provide the UE with a target reference signal associated with the TCI state configuration, wherein the transmission spatial filter of the target reference signal corresponds to the source signal from the TCI state configuration.

[0056] While the following description may focus on 5G NR, the concepts described herein may be applicable to other similar areas, such as LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, GSM, and other wireless technologies.

[0057] Figure 2A Figure 200 illustrates an example of the first subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2B Figure 230 illustrates an example of a DL channel within a 5G NR subframe. Figure 2C Figure 250 is an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2D Figure 280 illustrates an example of a UL channel within a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure can be Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) (where subframes within a specific set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth) are dedicated to either DL or UL) or Time Division Duplex (TDD) (where subframes within a specific set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth) are dedicated to both DL and UL). Figure 2A , Figure 2C In the provided example, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, where subframe 4 is configured with slot format 28 (most of which are DL), where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexible between DL / UL, and subframe 3 is configured with slot format 1 (all of which are UL). Although subframes 3 and 4 are shown as having slot formats 1 and 28 respectively, any particular subframe can be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0-61. Slot formats 0 and 1 are both DL and UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2-61 include a mixture of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. The slot format is configured for the UE via the received Slot Format Indicator (SFI) (dynamically configured via DL Control Information (DCI) or semi-statically / statically configured via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling). Note that the following description also applies to the 5G NR frame structure as TDD.

[0058] Figures 2A to 2DThe frame structure is illustrated, and aspects of this disclosure are applicable to other wireless communication technologies that may have different frame structures and / or different channels. A frame (10 ms) can be divided into 10 equal-sized subframes (1 ms). Each subframe may include one or more time slots. Subframes may also include micro-time slots, which may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each time slot may include 14 or 12 symbols, depending on whether the cyclic prefix (CP) is normal or extended. For normal CP, each time slot may include 14 symbols, and for extended CP, each time slot may include 12 symbols. Symbols on the DL may be CP Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) (CP-OFDM) symbols. Symbols on the UL may be CP-OFDM symbols (for high-throughput scenarios) or Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) Extended OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols (for power-constrained scenarios; limited to single-stream transmission). The number of time slots within a subframe is based on the CP and a parameter set. The parameter set defines the subcarrier spacing (SCS) (see Table 1). Symbol length / duration can be scaled with 1 / SCS.

[0059]

[0060] Table 1: Parameter Set, SCS, and CP

[0061] For a normal CP (14 symbols / slot), different parameter sets µ 0 through 4 allow 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. For an extended CP, parameter set 2 allows 4 slots per subframe. Therefore, for a normal CP and parameter set µ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2... µ One time slot / subframe. Subcarrier spacing can be equal to ,in The parameter sets are 0 to 4. Therefore, the subcarrier spacing is 15 kHz for parameter set µ=0 and 240 kHz for parameter set µ=4. The symbol length / duration is negatively correlated with the subcarrier spacing. Figures 2A to 2D Examples of a normal frequency division multiplexing (CP) with 14 symbols per time slot and a parameter set of µ=2 with 4 time slots per subframe are provided. The time slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs. Within the frame set, there may be one or more distinct bandwidth portions (BWPs) of frequency division multiplexing (see [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 2B Each BWP can have a specific set of parameters and CP (normal or extended).

[0062] A resource grid can be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot consists of a resource block (RB) extending for 12 consecutive subcarriers (also known as a physical RB (PRB)). The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0063] like Figure 2A As illustrated, some REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE. RS may include demodulation RS (DM-RS) (indicated as R for a particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. RS may also include beam measurement RS (BRS), beam refinement RS (BRRS), and phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0064] Figure 2B Examples of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) carries the DCI within one or more Control Channel Elements (CCEs) (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs), each CCE comprising six RE Groups (REGs), each REG comprising 12 consecutive REs in the OFDM symbol of the RB. A PDCCH within a BWP can be referred to as a Control Resource Set (CORESET). The UE is configured to monitor PDCCH candidates in the PDCCH search space (e.g., the common search space, the UE-specific search space) during PDCCH monitoring timing on the CORESET, where the PDCCH candidates have different DCI formats and different aggregation levels. Additional BWPs may be located at higher and / or lower frequencies on the channel bandwidth. The Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) may be located within symbol 2 of a specific subframe of the frame. The PSS is used by the UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identification. The Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) may be located within symbol 4 of a specific subframe of the frame. The SSS is used by the UE to determine the Physical Layer Cell Identifier Group Number and radio frame timing. Based on the Physical Layer Identifier and the Physical Layer Cell Identifier Group Number, the UE can determine the Physical Cell Identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the DM-RS. The Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), carrying the Master Information Block (MIB), can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a Synchronization Signal (SS) / PBCH block (also known as an SS block (SSB)). The MIB provides the number of RBs in the system bandwidth and the System Frame Number (SFN). The Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted via the PBCH (such as System Information Blocks (SIBs)), and paging messages.

[0065] like Figure 2CAs illustrated, some REs in the REs carry DM-RS (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE can transmit DM-RS for the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) and DM-RS for the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS can be transmitted in the first or second symbol of the PUSCH. Depending on whether a short or long PUCCH is transmitted and depending on the specific PUCCH format used, the PUCCH DM-RS can be transmitted in different configurations. The UE can transmit a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS). The SRS can be transmitted in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS can have a comb structure, and the UE can transmit the SRS on one of the comb teeth. The SRS can be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling of the UL.

[0066] Figure 2D Examples of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The PUCCH may be located as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, channel quality indicators (CQI), pre-decoding matrix indicators (PMI), rank indicators (RI), and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgment (ACK) (HARQ-ACK) feedback (i.e., one or more HARQ ACK bits indicating one or more ACKs and / or negative ACKs (NACKs)). The PUCCH carries data and may also be used to carry buffer status reports (BSR), power clearance reports (PHR), and / or UCI.

[0067] Figure 3This is a block diagram illustrating communication between base station 310 and UE 350 in the access network. In the DL, Internet Protocol (IP) packets can be provided to controller / processor 375. Controller / processor 375 implements Layer 3 and Layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, and Layer 2 includes the Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and Media Access Control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting system information (e.g., MIB, SIB), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-Radio Access Technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with the delivery of upper-layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel priority ordering.

[0068] Transmit (TX) processor 316 and receive (RX) processor 370 implement Layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1 (which includes the physical (PHY) layer) may include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) decoding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. TX processor 316 processes the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-order phase shift keying (M-PSK), M-order quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The decoded and modulated symbols can then be divided into parallel streams. Each stream can then be mapped to OFDM subcarriers, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., a pilot) in the time and / or frequency domains, and subsequently combined using inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a stream of time-domain OFDM symbols. The OFDM stream is spatially pre-decoded to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from channel estimator 374 can be used to determine decoding and modulation schemes, as well as for spatial processing. Channel estimates can be derived from reference signals and / or channel condition feedback transmitted by UE 350. Each spatial stream can then be provided to different antennas 320 via a separate transmitter 318Tx. Each transmitter 318Tx can use the corresponding spatial stream to modulate a radio frequency (RF) carrier for transmission.

[0069] At UE 350, each receiver 354Rx receives signals via its corresponding antenna 352. Each receiver 354Rx recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides that information to the receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and RX processor 356 implement Layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 can perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial stream destined for UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for UE 350, the RX processor 356 can combine them into a single OFDM symbol stream. The RX processor 356 then uses a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to transform the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain. The frequency domain signal consists of a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier, along with the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the most probable signal constellation point transmitted by base station 310. These soft decisions can be based on a channel estimate calculated by channel estimator 358. Subsequently, the soft decision is decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally transmitted by base station 310 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[0070] The controller / processor 359 may be associated with a memory 360 that stores program code and data. The memory 360 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing between transport and logical channels to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operation.

[0071] Similar to the functionality described in conjunction with DL transmission performed by base station 310, controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connectivity, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with upper-layer PDU delivery, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel priority ordering.

[0072] The TX processor 368 can use the channel estimate derived from the reference signal or feedback transmitted by the channel estimator 358 from the base station 310 to select an appropriate decoding and modulation scheme and facilitate spatial processing. The spatial stream generated by the TX processor 368 can be provided to different antennas 352 via individual transmitters 354Tx. Each transmitter 354Tx can use the corresponding spatial stream to modulate an RF carrier for transmission.

[0073] UL transmission is processed at base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver function at UE 350. Each receiver 318Rx receives signals via its corresponding antenna 320. Each receiver 318Rx recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides that information to RX processor 370.

[0074] The controller / processor 375 may be associated with a memory 376 that stores program code and data. The memory 376 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets between transport and logical channels. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operation.

[0075] At least one of the TX processor 368, RX processor 356, and controller / processor 359 can be configured to perform and Figure 1 The QCL component 198 is related to various aspects.

[0076] At least one of the TX processor 316, RX processor 370, and controller / processor 375 can be configured to perform and Figure 1 The QCL component 199 is related to various aspects.

[0077] The UE and network can perform various aspects of beam management to select beams for transmission and reception, such as combining... Figure 1 As described in sections 182 and 184. The base station and the UE can perform beam training to determine the optimal receive and transmit directions for each. The base station's transmit and receive directions may be the same or different. The UE's transmit and receive directions may be the same or different.

[0078] The beam used for transmitting and receiving communication between the UE and the base station can be switched in response to different conditions. In some examples, the base station may transmit a signal that triggers a beam switching by the UE. For example, the base station may indicate a TCI state change, and in response, the UE may switch to a new TCI state that uses the new beam for the base station. Beam switching allows for improved communication exchange between the UE and the base station by ensuring that the transmitter and receiver communicate using the same configured beam set.

[0079] The TCI state may include quasi-co-location (QCL) information, which the UE can use to derive timing / frequency errors and / or transmit / receive spatial filtering for transmitting / receiving signals. Two antenna ports are said to be quasi-co-located if the properties of a channel transmitting symbols on one antenna port can be inferred from a channel transmitting symbols on another antenna port. The base station may indicate the TCI state to the UE as a transmit configuration indicating the QCL relationship between a signal (e.g., a reference signal) and the signal to be transmitted / received. For example, the TCI state may indicate the QCL relationship between the DL RS and the PDSCH / PDCCH DM-RS ports in a set of RSs. The TCI state can provide information about the different beam selections the UE uses to transmit / receive various signals.

[0080] In some aspects, such as for a UE in an RRC inactive or RRC idle state, beam management can be performed using a Tracking Reference Signal (TRS). For initial access, the UE can use an SSB (e.g., utilizing a wide beam scan procedure) to identify the beam for initial access. For contention-based random access (CBRA), the UE can use a random access timing (RO) and a preamble corresponding to the selected SSB / beam. In the RRC connected state, the UE and / or network can perform various aspects of beam management, including, for example, procedures P1, P2, and P3 using SSB measurements or CSI-RS measurements; and procedures U1, U2, and U3 using SRS transmission and measurements, and L1-RSRP reporting. P1 can be referred to as beam selection, P2 as beam refinement for the transmitter (e.g., base station), and P3 as beam refinement for the receiver (e.g., UE). For P1, the base station can scan transmissions on a beam set. The UE performs measurements against the beam set and reports one or more beams from the beam set with the best measurements. In some respects, P1 beam scanning can be performed using beams wider than those in P2 and P3. At P2, the network transmits signals over a narrower set of beams over a narrower range, and the UE reports one or more beams from this narrower set to the base station. At P3, the base station can use fixed beams for transmission (e.g., instead of the beam scanning performed in P1 and P2), for example, repeatedly transmitting using the same beam. The UE can then perform measurements in beam scanning mode to determine the received beam, such as spatial filters on the receiver antenna array.

[0081] The network can configure one or more TCI state configurations for the UE and can indicate the TCI state for the UE from the configured TCI state set. In some aspects, the UE can provide L1-SINR reporting, which reduces overhead and latency and allows CC group beam updates or faster UL beam updates. In some aspects, the UE can use unified TCI states, L1 / L2-centric mobility (which may also be referred to as L1 / L2-triggered mobility (LTM)), dynamic TCI updates and / or uplink multi-panel selection, maximum permissible exposure (MPE) migration to communicate with the network. Beam management can be used in specific scenarios such as high-speed (e.g., high-speed trains (HST)), single-frequency networks (SNF), multiple transmit / receive points (mTRP), etc. Based on measurements, the UE can identify beam fault detection (BFD) and perform beam fault recovery (BFD). In some aspects, BFD or BFR can be used for primary cells (PCell) or primary / secondary cells (PSCell). BFD can be based on the BFD reference signal (BFD-RS) and PDCCH block error rate (BLER). BFR can be based on contention-free random access (CFRA). For SCell, BFD and BFR can include a link recovery request via a scheduling request (SR), or a MAC-CE based BFR for SCell. If BFR fails, the UE can identify a radio link failure.

[0082] Some wireless communications may include the use of AI or ML at the network and / or UE. In various examples, AI / ML can be used for beam management at the UE and / or network, including for performing beam prediction in the temporal and / or spatial domains. The use of AI / ML models can reduce latency or overhead and improve beam selection accuracy. Models are available that support various levels of network and UE collaboration and support a wide range of use cases. The use of AI / ML models can include various aspects such as model training, model deployment, model inference, model monitoring, and model updates.

[0083] Figure 4 This is an example of an AI / ML algorithm 400 using wireless communication methods, illustrating various aspects of model training, model inference, model feedback, and model updating. The AI / ML algorithm 400 may include various functions, including data collection 402, model training function 404, model inference function 406, and participants 408.

[0084] Data collection 402 can be a function that provides input data to the model training function 404 and the model inference function 406. The data collection 402 function can include any form of data preparation, and it does not have to be a specific implementation of an AI / ML algorithm (e.g., data preprocessing and cleaning, formatting, and transformation).

[0085] Examples of input data may include, but are not limited to, measurements from entities including UEs or network nodes (such as RSRP measurements, channel measurements, or other uplink / downlink transmissions), feedback from participant 408 (e.g., which may be a UE or a network node), and outputs from another AI / ML model. Data collection 402 may include training data and inference data, where training data refers to data to be transmitted as input to AI / ML model training function 404, and inference data refers to data transmitted as input to AI / ML model inference function 406.

[0086] Model training function 404 can be a function that performs ML model training, validation, and testing, and can generate model performance metrics as part of the model testing process. Model training function 404 can also be responsible for data preparation (e.g., data preprocessing and cleaning, formatting, and transformation) based on training data delivered or received from data collection function 402. Model training function 404 can deploy or update the trained, validated, and tested AI / ML model to model inference function 406, and receive model performance feedback from model inference function 406. As described above, various functionalities may exist to be performed by AI / ML models used for wireless communication.

[0087] Model inference function 406 may be a function that provides AI / ML model inference output (e.g., prediction or decision). Model inference function 406 may also perform data preparation (e.g., data preprocessing and cleaning, formatting and transformation) based on inference data delivered from data collection function 402. The output of model inference function 406 may include the inference output of the AI / ML model generated by model inference function 406. The details of the inference output may be use-use specific. As an example, the output may include beam prediction for beam management. The prediction may be network-specific or UE-specific. In some aspects, the participant may be a component of the base station or core network. In other aspects, the participant may be a UE communicating with a wireless network.

[0088] Model performance feedback can refer to information derived from model inference function 406 that can be adapted to improve the AI / ML model trained in model training function 404. Feedback from participants 408 or other network entities (via data collection function 402) can be implemented in model inference function 406 to create model performance feedback.

[0089] Participant 408 can be a function that receives output from model inference function 406 and triggers or executes corresponding actions. Participant 408 can trigger actions against network entities, including other network entities or itself. Participant 408 can also provide feedback information from model training function 404 or model inference function 406, exporting training or inference data or performance feedback. Feedback can be sent back to data collection 402.

[0090] Networks can use machine learning algorithms, deep learning algorithms, neural networks, reinforcement learning, regression, boosting, or advanced signal processing methods for various aspects of wireless communication, including functions such as beam management, CSF, or positioning.

[0091] In some aspects described herein, a network can be trained to train one or more neural networks to learn the dependence of the measured quality on individual parameters. Furthermore, examples of machine learning models or neural networks that can be included in a network entity include artificial neural networks (ANNs); decision tree learning; convolutional neural networks (CNNs); deep learning architectures where the output of a first layer of neurons becomes the input of a second layer of neurons, and so on; support vector machines (SVMs), for example, which include a separating hyperplane (e.g., a decision boundary) for classifying the data; regression analysis; Bayesian networks; genetic algorithms; deep convolutional networks (DCNs) configured with additional pooling and normalization layers; and deep belief networks (DBNs).

[0092] Machine learning models (such as artificial neural networks (ANNs)) may comprise a set of interconnected artificial neurons (e.g., neuron models) and may be computing devices or represent methods to be performed by computing devices. The connections in a neuron model can be modeled as weights. Machine learning models can be trained via datasets to provide predictive models, adaptive control, and other applications. The model can adapt based on external or internal information processed by the machine learning model. Machine learning can provide nonlinear statistical data models or decision-making and can model complex relationships between input data and output information.

[0093] Machine learning models may include multiple layers and / or operations, which can be formed by cascading one or more of the cited operations. Examples of operations that may be involved include: extraction of various features of the data, convolution operations, fully connected operations that can be activated or deactivated, compression, decompression, quantization, flattening, etc. As used herein, the term "layer" in a machine learning model can be used to refer to an operation on the input data. For example, convolutional layers, fully connected layers, etc., can be used to refer to associated operations on the data input into the layer. A convolution AxB operation refers to the operation that transforms multiple input features A into multiple output features B. "Kernel size" can refer to the number of neighboring coefficients combined in a dimension. As used herein, "weight" can be used to refer to one or more coefficients used in operations in each layer to combine various rows and / or columns of the input data. For example, a fully connected layer operation may have an output y that is determined at least in part based on the sum of the product of the input matrix x and the weights A (which may be matrices) and the bias B (which may be matrices). The term "weight" is generally used herein to refer to both weights and biases. Weights and biases are examples of parameters trained on a machine learning model. Different layers of a machine learning model can be trained individually.

[0094] Machine learning models can include various connectivity patterns, such as any feedforward network, hierarchy, recursive architecture, feedback connections, etc. Connections between layers of a neural network can be fully connected or locally connected. In a fully connected neural network, neurons in the first layer can pass their outputs to every neuron in the second layer, and every neuron in the second layer can receive inputs from every neuron in the first layer. In a locally connected network, neurons in the first layer can connect to a limited number of neurons in the second layer. In some aspects, convolutional networks can be locally connected and configured with shared connection strengths associated with the inputs of each neuron in the second layer. Locally connected layers of a network can be configured such that each neuron in the layer has the same or similar connectivity pattern but different connection strengths.

[0095] Machine learning models, or neural networks, can be trained. For example, a machine learning model can be trained based on supervised learning. During training, the machine learning model is presented with the inputs it uses to compute to produce the output. The actual output can be compared to the target output, and the difference can be used to adjust the parameters of the machine learning model, such as weights and biases, to provide an output that is closer to the target output. Before training, the output may be incorrect or less accurate, and the error or difference between the actual output and the target output can be calculated. The weights of the machine learning model can then be adjusted so that the output is more closely aligned with the target. To adjust the weights, the learning algorithm can compute gradient vectors over the weights. The gradient indicates the amount by which the error will increase or decrease with slight adjustments to the weights. At the top layers, the gradient corresponds directly to the values ​​of the weights connecting the activated neurons in the penultimate layer to the neurons in the output layer. In lower layers, the gradient may depend on the values ​​of the weights and the error gradient computed in the higher layers. The weights can then be adjusted to reduce the error or move the output closer to the target. This method of adjusting the weights can be called backpropagation through the neural network. The process can continue until the achievable error rate stops decreasing, or until the error rate has reached the target level.

[0096] These machine learning models can include computational complexity and a large number of processors used to train them. The output of one node is connected as input to another node. Connections between nodes can be called edges, and weights can be applied to the connections / edges to adjust the output from one node used as input to another. Nodes can be thresholded to determine whether or when to provide output to connected nodes. The output of each node can be computed as a non-linear function of the sum of the inputs to that node. Neural networks can include any number of nodes and any type of connection between them. Neural networks can include one or more hidden nodes. Nodes can be aggregated into layers, and different layers of the neural network can perform different kinds of transformations on the input. A signal can travel from the input at the first layer through multiple layers of the neural network to the output at the last layer, and can traverse these layers multiple times.

[0097] For AI / ML-based beam management, spatial downlink beam prediction for a first set of beams can be based on measurements from a second set of beams, or temporal downlink beam prediction for a first set of beams can be based on historical measurements from the second set of beams for characterization and / or baseline performance evaluation. In some instances, the first and second sets of beams may be in the same frequency range. In some instances, the second set of beams may be a subset of the first set of beams. In some instances, the first and second sets of beams may be different. For example, the first set of beams may consist of narrow beams, while the second set of beams may consist of wide beams. The first set of beams can be used for downlink beam prediction, while the second set of beams can be used for downlink beam measurements.

[0098] In an instance where spatial domain downlink beam prediction is performed on a first set of beams based on measurements from a second set of beams, the UE can report information inferred from the AI / ML model to the network. For example, the UE can report information related to one or more beams based on the output of the AI / ML model. In an instance where temporal downlink beam prediction is performed on a first set of beams based on historical measurements from a second set of beams, the UE can report information related to one or more beams for future time instances, which can be based on the output of the AI / ML model. In instances where beam prediction consists of spatial domain downlink beam prediction and temporal downlink beam prediction, the UE can perform UE-side model monitoring, or the network can perform network-side model monitoring. For example, for UE-side model monitoring, the UE can monitor performance metrics and make decisions on model selection, activation, deactivation, handover, or rollback operations. For network-side model monitoring, the network can monitor performance metrics or make decisions on model selection, activation, deactivation, handover, or rollback operations. In some instances, hybrid model monitoring methods may occur, where the UE monitors performance metrics while the network makes decisions such as model selection, activation, deactivation, switching, or rollback.

[0099] In instances where beam prediction comprises spatial domain downlink beam prediction and temporal domain downlink beam prediction and includes network-side AI / ML models, the network can monitor performance metrics and make decisions regarding model selection, activation, deactivation, switching, or fallback operations. In such instances, the network can monitor beam measurements for model monitoring. In these instances, regarding enhancements to Layer 1 (L1) beam reporting used for AI / ML model inference, the UE can report measurement results for multiple beams in a single reporting instance.

[0100] In wireless communication, beam prediction can be inaccurate due to insufficient measurement or observation. In some instances, DMRS and CSI-RS can be used to improve prediction accuracy. For example, DMRS can be used for more opportunistic measurement resources, or more opportunistic performance monitoring opportunities, based on DMRS transmitted via the same beam as the beam predicted by the UE based on L1-RSRP, in an attempt to verify the UE's predicted L1-RSRP. In some instances, aperiodic CSI-RS (AP CSI-RS) can also be used to improve prediction accuracy. For example, AP CSI-RS transmitted via the same beam that the UE has used as an AI / ML input for beam prediction can also be used to refine or improve beam prediction accuracy. In another example, AP CSI-RS transmitted via the same beam as the beam predicted by the UE based on L1-RSRP can be used to verify the UE's predicted L1-RSRP.

[0101] In some instances, QCL type D may be associated with spatial receive parameters but not with spatial transmit parameters. QCL type D can be associated with spatial receive parameters, and the associated spatial transmit parameters can be determined by the specific base station implementation. For example, the base station may utilize a narrower beam than the QCL source to improve throughput. However, the UE may not assume that the same transmit beam is used to transmit the DMRS / CSI-RS QCL type D source reference signal. The UE may derive the receive beam used to receive such DMRS / CSI-RS based on the receive beam already used to receive the corresponding QCL type D source reference signal. Therefore, the UE may not assume that such DMRS / CSI-RS can be used as an additional AI / ML input or as a prediction verification resource. The aspects presented herein provide new or modified QCL types for defining spatial transmit parameters.

[0102] The aspects presented in this paper provide accuracy improvements for assisted beam prediction under opportunistic DMRS or CSI-RS. These aspects allow for improvements in beam prediction accuracy based on spatial transmission parameters. They enable the UE to receive a TCI state configuration corresponding to a target reference signal, which includes at least one QCL configuration. The at least one QCL configuration may include spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal. The UE can receive a target reference signal corresponding to the TCI state configuration, such that the transmission spatial filter of the target reference signal corresponds to that of the source signal.

[0103] Figure 5 This is a diagram 500 illustrating QCL types. QCL type 502 may include type A 504, type B 506, type C 508, type D 510, and type E 512. Type A 504 may include information related to Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, or delay spread. Type B 506 may include information related to Doppler shift or Doppler spread. Type C 508 may include information related to Doppler shift or average delay. Type D 510 may include information related to spatial reception parameters. Type E 512 may include information related to spatial transmission parameters. QCL type AD may be the type of QCL source reference signal (e.g., SSB or CSI-RS). QCL Type E can also be a type of QCL source (e.g., SSB or CSI-RS) that can be used as additional and / or opportunistic AI / ML inputs, but QCL Type E may also include virtual resources that are not pre-transmitted but can be used as UE beam prediction targets for opportunistic AI / ML performance monitoring.

[0104] In some aspects, the UE can be configured to identify QCL type E from a TCI state configuration such that, for a target DMRS / CSI-RS associated with a TCI state including QCL type E, the UE can expect the target DMRS / CSI-RS to include the same or equivalent spatial transmission parameters as those used to transmit the associated QCL type E source configured in the corresponding TCI state. The target reference signal (e.g., DMRS) may be associated with a PDCCH or PDSCH. The QCL type E source may include an SSB, periodic or semi-periodic CSI-RS, or a virtual resource (e.g., a resource not actually transmitted). In some aspects, RRC, MAC-CE, or DCI TCI state configurations can be reused to identify QCL type E.

[0105] In some aspects, QCL type E sources in TCI status can be virtual resources (e.g., resources not yet actually transmitted), but can be reported by the UE along with predicted channel characteristics. Predicted channel characteristics may include one or more of the predicted L1 RSRP, L1 SINR, RI, CQI, PMI, or one of the best predicted resources. Virtual resources can be used for opportunistic AI / ML performance monitoring. In some aspects, QCL type E sources in TCI status may include SSBs or CSI-RS that have been configured or indicated by the network for channel measurement or alternatively as prediction targets. SSBs or CSI-RS that have been configured or indicated by the network for channel measurement or prediction targets can be used for additional or opportunistic AI / ML input or performance monitoring.

[0106] In some aspects, UE capabilities may relate to improving the accuracy of DMRS-based beam prediction. For example, a UE may be configured to report its support capabilities for QCL Type E. In some instances, the UE may indicate support for a first capability for QCL Type E, with sources including virtual resources not yet transmitted by the network. In such instances, the UE may be able to perform opportunistic AI / ML performance monitoring, but its AI / ML model may not take opportunistic measurements as input. In some instances, the UE may indicate support for a second capability for QCL Type E, with sources including SSB or CSI-RS. In such instances, the UE may be able to take opportunistic measurements as input but cannot perform opportunistic AI / ML performance monitoring. In some instances, the UE may indicate support for a third capability for QCL Type E, with sources including SSB / CSI-RS or virtual resources not yet transmitted by the network. In such instances, the UE may be able to take opportunistic measurements as input and perform opportunistic AI / ML performance monitoring. In some instances, the UE may indicate a fourth capability indicating a lack of support for QCL Type E. In such instances, the UE cannot use opportunistic measurements as input or perform opportunistic AI / ML performance monitoring.

[0107] In some aspects, UE capabilities can be reported partially per frequency range, per component carrier, or per bandwidth. In other aspects, UE capabilities can be reported per AI / ML use case, scenario, or function, or based on AI / ML operating modes, parameters, or details. For example, a UE capability might indicate support for time-domain beam prediction but not support for spatial or frequency-domain prediction. In another example, a UE capability might indicate support for instances where the source reference signal or source virtual resource is delivered by a beamwidth of a specific range (e.g., less than 15 degrees). In yet another example, a UE capability might indicate support for instances where the UE has addressed virtual resources in the prediction report (e.g., within a predefined window), otherwise, if the virtual resource has not been addressed (e.g., within a predefined window), then no support exists.

[0108] In some respects, if the UE reports support for the first, second, or third capability discussed above, the UE may further report the maximum number of TCI states with QCL type E that can be simultaneously activated via MAC-CE. For example, if the third capability is reported as supported, the maximum number of TCI states with QCL type E that can be simultaneously activated via MAC-CE may be based on a first maximum number taking both SSB / CSI-RS as QCL type E source types and the reporting of virtual resources. The UE may then report a second maximum number less than the first maximum number by taking SSB / CSI-RS as QCL type E source types and / or a third maximum number less than the second maximum number by taking virtual resources as QCL type E source types, such that MAC-CE activation of TCI states with respect to QCL type E does not violate any of the reported maximum numbers. In another example, if a third capability is reported as supported, the maximum number of TCI states of QCL type E that can be simultaneously activated via MAC-CE can be based on a single maximum number that takes both SSB / CSI-RS as source types of QCL type E and the reporting of virtual resources, such that MAC-CE activation of TCI states for QCL type E does not violate that single maximum number. The arrangement of SSB / CSI-RS and virtual resources among such MAC-CE activation of TCI states for QCL type E can be determined by the specific network implementation.

[0109] In instances where the first capability is reported as supported, a single maximum number of virtual resources considered can be reported, such that the MAC-CE activation TCI state for QCL type E does not violate the reported maximum number. In instances where the second capability is reported as supported, a single maximum number of SSB / CSI-RS considered can be reported, such that the MAC-CE activation TCI state for QCL type E does not violate the reported maximum number. In some aspects, the maximum number of TCI states with QCL type E that can be simultaneously activated by MAC-CE can be preconfigured or predefined. For example, the preconfigured or predefined maximum number can be based on different maximum numbers for different functions, use cases, or scenarios. In some aspects, when a TCI state with QCL type E is activated, the UE can be configured to activate additional AI / ML model inference features, such as, but not limited to, opportunistic measurements based on additional or alternative AI / ML models that may consume higher power. Therefore, the maximum number of TCI states with QCL type E that can be simultaneously activated can be a UE capability or can be preconfigured.

[0110] In some aspects, the UE may actively request to receive a target reference signal (e.g., DMRS or CSI-RS) based on QCL type E. The UE may request the network whether it will signal the target reference signal (e.g., DMRS or CSI-RS) based on QCL type E. For example, the UE may use MAC-CE or UCI to transmit such a request to the network. The UE may use a CSI report including beam prediction results to indicate to the network whether it will receive a PDSCH with DMRS of QCL type E, which has a connection management request (CMR) or prediction target regarding the corresponding CSI report settings. The indication sent to the network to indicate how the UE will receive the PDSCH may be included in an additional report (e.g., reportQuantity), which may be configured by the associated CSI report settings. In some aspects, the UE may send a request for a target channel for PDSCH-DMRS, PDCCH-DMRS, or CSI-RS, or any combination thereof. This request may include periodic, semi-periodic, or aperiodic CSI-RS requests. In some aspects, the UE may use a CSI report including beam prediction results to indicate whether the UE will receive a PDSCH with a DMRS having a QCL type E, which has a CMR or prediction target with respect to the corresponding CSI report settings. The indication sent to the network to indicate how the UE will receive the PDSCH may be included in an additional report (e.g., reportQuantity), which may be configured by the associated CSI report settings. In some aspects, the UE may utilize a bitmap, where each bit of the bitmap is associated with a component that can be used to send such a request. In some aspects, the UE may utilize a dedicated MAC-CE to send the request. The MAC-CE may indicate that the UE may request a specific CMR identifier (ID) or virtual resource ID addressed to a QCL type E source S for the corresponding DMRS / CSI-RS.

[0111] In some respects, a UE can proactively request the disabling of QCL Type E. A UE can request the disabling of QCL Type E for certain channels. A UE can request the disabling of QCL Type E in a manner similar to requesting the reception of a target reference signal (e.g., DMRS or CSI-RS). In some respects, if a UE does not request or expect QCL Type E (e.g., if predictions are already very confident without such additional DMRS / CSI-RS), the network can be more flexible in its use of its transmit beams (e.g., using narrower beams for better throughput). Therefore, a UE proactively requesting the enabling / disabling of QCL Type E can assist the network or the UE in achieving better end-to-end performance.

[0112] Figure 6This is a diagram 600 illustrating QCL types. QCL type 602 may include type A 604, type B 606, type C 608, and type D 610. Type A 604 may include information related to Doppler frequency shift, Doppler spread, average delay, or delay spread. Type B 606 may include information related to Doppler frequency shift or Doppler spread. Type C 608 may include information related to Doppler frequency shift or average delay. Figure 6 Type AC is similar to Figure 5 Type AC. However, type D 610 may include type D 610-1, which includes information related to space receiving parameters, and type D 610 may also include type D 610-2, which may include information related to both space receiving parameters and space transmitting parameters. Type D 610-2 may indicate whether space transmitting parameters are included together with space receiving parameters. Figure 6 Type D 610 can be configured to have Type D 610-1 and / or Type D 610-2. Type D 610-2 can be used with... Figure 5 The type E 512 is configured similarly.

[0113] Type D 610-2 may indicate whether spatial transmission parameters are included based on at least one of RRC signaling, MAC-CE, or DCI. For example, RRC signaling, MAC-CE, or DCI may be used to identify spatial transmission parameters. In some aspects, when configuring a TCI state for at least QCL Type D via RRC, the TCI state may include additional information or sub-information elements that indicate whether the UE should interpret a target reference signal (e.g., DMRS or CSI-RS) as including spatial transmission parameters that are the same as or equivalent to those used for transmitting an associated QCL Type D source configured in the corresponding TCI state. In some aspects, when activating a TCI state for at least QCL Type D via MAC-CE, MAC-CE may indicate whether the UE should interpret a target reference signal (e.g., DMRS or CSI-RS) as including spatial transmission parameters that are the same as or equivalent to those used for transmitting an associated QCL Type D source configured in the corresponding TCI state. In some respects, when switching to a TCI state with respect to at least QCL type D via DCI, DCI may indicate whether the UE should interpret the target reference signal (e.g., DMRS or CSI-RS) as including spatial transmission parameters that are the same as or equivalent to the spatial transmission parameters used to transmit the associated QCL type D source configured in the corresponding TCI state. RRC, MAC-CE, or DCI may be used to indicate spatial transmission parameters in combination or independently. For example, MAC-CE may override transmission parameters indicated via RRC, while DCI may override transmission parameters indicated via RRC and / or MAC-CE.

[0114] In some aspects, QCL type D sources in TCI status can be virtual resources (e.g., resources not yet actually transmitted), but can be reported by the UE along with predicted channel characteristics. Predicted channel characteristics may include one or more of the predicted L1 RSRP, L1 SINR, RI, CQI, PMI, or one of the best predicted resources. Virtual resources can be used for opportunistic AI / ML performance monitoring. In some aspects, QCL type D sources in TCI status may include SSBs or CSI-RS that have been configured or indicated by the network for channel measurement or alternatively as prediction targets. SSBs or CSI-RS that have been configured or indicated by the network for channel measurement or prediction targets can be used for additional or opportunistic AI / ML input or performance monitoring.

[0115] In some aspects, UE capabilities may relate to improving the accuracy of DMRS-based beam prediction. For example, a UE may be configured to report its support capabilities for QCL Type D. In some instances, the UE may indicate support for a first capability for QCL Type D, with sources including virtual resources not yet transmitted by the network. In such instances, the UE may be able to perform opportunistic AI / ML performance monitoring, but its AI / ML model may not take opportunistic measurements as input. In some instances, the UE may indicate support for a second capability for QCL Type D, with sources including SSB or CSI-RS. In such instances, the UE may be able to take opportunistic measurements as input but cannot perform opportunistic AI / ML performance monitoring. In some instances, the UE may indicate support for a third capability for QCL Type D, with sources including SSB / CSI-RS or virtual resources not yet transmitted by the network. In such instances, the UE may be able to take opportunistic measurements as input and perform opportunistic AI / ML performance monitoring. In some instances, the UE may indicate a fourth capability indicating a lack of support for QCL Type D. In such instances, the UE cannot use opportunistic measurements as input or perform opportunistic AI / ML performance monitoring.

[0116] In some aspects, UE capabilities can be reported partially per frequency range, per component carrier, or per bandwidth. In other aspects, UE capabilities can be reported per AI / ML use case, scenario, or function, or based on AI / ML operating modes, parameters, or details. For example, a UE capability might indicate support for time-domain beam prediction but not support for spatial or frequency-domain prediction. In another example, a UE capability might indicate support for instances where the source reference signal or source virtual resource is delivered by a beamwidth of a specific range (e.g., less than 15 degrees). In yet another example, a UE capability might indicate support for instances where the UE has addressed virtual resources in the prediction report (e.g., within a predefined window), otherwise, if the virtual resource has not been addressed (e.g., within a predefined window), then no support exists.

[0117] In some respects, if the UE reports support for the first, second, or third capability discussed above, the UE may further report the maximum number of TCI states with QCL type D that can be simultaneously activated via MAC-CE. For example, if the third capability is reported as supported, the maximum number of TCI states with QCL type D that can be simultaneously activated via MAC-CE may be based on a first maximum number taking both SSB / CSI-RS as QCL type D source types and the reporting of virtual resources. The UE may then report a second maximum number less than the first maximum number by taking SSB / CSI-RS as QCL type D source types into account, and / or a third maximum number less than the second maximum number by taking virtual resources as QCL type D source types into account, such that the MAC-CE activation of TCI states with respect to QCL type D does not violate any of the reported maximum numbers. In another example, if a third capability is reported as supported, the maximum number of TCI states with QCL type D that can be simultaneously activated via MAC-CE can be based on a single maximum number that takes both SSB / CSI-RS as source types of QCL type D and the reporting of virtual resources, such that MAC-CE activation of TCI states with respect to QCL type D does not violate that single maximum number. The arrangement of SSB / CSI-RS and virtual resources among such MAC-CE activation of TCI states with respect to QCL type D can be determined by the specific network implementation.

[0118] In instances where the first capability is reported as supported, a single maximum number of virtual resources considered can be reported, such that the MAC-CE activation TCI state for QCL type D does not violate the reported maximum number. In instances where the second capability is reported as supported, a single maximum number of SSB / CSI-RS considered can be reported, such that the MAC-CE activation TCI state for QCL type D does not violate the reported maximum number. In some aspects, the maximum number of TCI states with QCL type D that can be simultaneously activated by MAC-CE can be preconfigured or predefined. For example, the preconfigured or predefined maximum number can be based on different maximum numbers for different functions, use cases, or scenarios. In some aspects, when a TCI state with QCL type D is activated, the UE can be configured to activate additional AI / ML model inference features, such as, but not limited to, opportunistic measurements based on additional or alternative AI / ML models that may consume higher power. Therefore, the maximum number of TCI states with QCL type D that can be simultaneously activated can be a UE capability or can be preconfigured.

[0119] In some aspects, the UE may actively request to receive a target reference signal (e.g., DMRS or CSI-RS) based on QCL type D. The UE may request the network whether it will signal the target reference signal (e.g., DMRS or CSI-RS) based on QCL type D. For example, the UE may use MAC-CE or UCI to transmit such a request to the network. The UE may use a CSI report including beam prediction results to indicate to the network whether it will receive a PDSCH with DMRS of QCL type D, which has a CMR or prediction target with respect to the corresponding CSI report settings. The indication sent to the network to indicate how the UE will receive the PDSCH may be included in an additional report (e.g., reportQuantity), which may be configured by the associated CSI report settings. In some aspects, the UE may send a request for a target channel for PDSCH-DMRS, PDCCH-DMRS, or CSI-RS, or any combination thereof. This request may include a periodic, semi-periodic, or aperiodic CSI-RS request. In some aspects, the UE may use a CSI report including beam prediction results to indicate whether the UE will receive a PDSCH with a DMRS having a QCL type D, which has a CMR or prediction target with respect to the corresponding CSI report settings. The indication sent to the network to indicate how the UE will receive the PDSCH may be included in an additional report (e.g., reportQuantity), which may be configured by the associated CSI report settings. In some aspects, the UE may utilize a bitmap, where each bit of the bitmap is associated with a component that can be used to send such a request. In some aspects, the UE may utilize a dedicated MAC-CE to send the request. The MAC-CE may indicate that the UE may request a specific CMR identifier (ID) or virtual resource ID addressed to a QCL type D source S for the corresponding DMRS / CSI-RS.

[0120] In some respects, a UE can proactively request the disabling of QCL Type D. A UE can request the disabling of QCL Type D for certain channels. A UE can request the disabling of QCL Type D in a manner similar to requesting the reception of a target reference signal (e.g., DMRS or CSI-RS). In some respects, if a UE does not request or expect QCL Type D (e.g., if predictions are already highly confident without such additional DMRS / CSI-RS), the network can be more flexible in its use of its transmit beams (e.g., using narrower beams for better throughput). Therefore, a UE proactively requesting the enabling / disabling of QCL Type D can assist the network or the UE in achieving better end-to-end performance.

[0121] Figure 7This is a call flow diagram 700 showing the signaling between UE 702 and base station 704. Base station 704 can be configured to provide at least one cell. UE 702 can be configured to communicate with base station 704. For example, in Figure 1 In the context of UE 704, base station 704 may correspond to base station 102, and UE 702 may correspond to at least UE 104. In another example, in Figure 3 In the context of UE 704, UE 704 may correspond to UE 310, and UE 702 may correspond to UE 350.

[0122] At 706, base station 704 can be configured with a TCI state configuration relating to a target reference signal or a TCI state configuration corresponding to the target reference signal. This TCI state configuration includes at least one QCL configuration, which includes spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal. In some aspects, the at least one QCL configuration may include a QCL type D configuration. At least one of MAC-CE, RRC signaling, or DCI associated with the QCL type D configuration may indicate that the target reference signal corresponds to spatial transmission parameters used for transmitting the source signal in the type D configuration of the TCI state configuration. In some aspects, the at least one QCL configuration includes a QCL type E, wherein QCL type E may include spatial transmission parameters.

[0123] At 708, base station 704 may provide UE 702 with a TCI state configuration regarding a target reference signal, the TCI state configuration including at least one QCL configuration, the at least one QCL configuration including spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal. The base station may provide the UE with a TCI state configuration regarding the target reference signal, the TCI state configuration including at least one QCL configuration, the at least one QCL configuration including spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal. UE 702 may receive the TCI state configuration regarding the target reference signal from base station 704, the TCI state configuration including at least one QCL configuration, the at least one QCL configuration including spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal.

[0124] At 710, UE 702 may send a report of the source signal and predicted channel characteristics configured for TCI. The UE may send this report to base station 704. The base station may receive the report from UE 702. For example, the predicted channel characteristics may include the predicted Layer 1 (L1) Reference Received Power (RSRP), L1 Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR), Rank Indicator (RI), Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), Pre-decoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), or one of the predicted optimal resources.

[0125] At 712, UE 702 may send an indication of support for UE capabilities associated with at least one QCL configuration that may include spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal. The UE may send the indication of support for the UE capability to base station 704. Base station 704 may obtain the indication of support for the UE capability from UE 702. In some aspects, the UE capability may indicate at least one of the following: support for at least one QCL configuration including virtual resources; support for at least one QCL configuration including a source based on Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) or Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS); support for at least one QCL configuration including virtual resources or a source based on SSB or CSI-RS; or lack of support for at least one QCL configuration. In some aspects, support for the UE capability may be indicated for at least one of a use case scenario or functionality related to at least one QCL configuration. In some aspects, the UE capability may indicate the maximum number of MAC-CE activated TCI states having at least one QCL configuration including spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal.

[0126] At 714, UE 702 may send a request to receive or disable the target reference signal. The UE may send the request to base station 704. The UE may send the request to receive or disable the target reference signal based on at least one QCL configuration including spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal. In some aspects, the request may be sent via MAC-CE or uplink control information (UCI). In some aspects, the request may correspond to the target channel of the target reference signal.

[0127] At 716, base station 704 can provide a target reference signal associated with the TCI state configuration. The base station can provide the target reference signal associated with the TCI state configuration to UE 702. UE 702 can receive the target reference signal associated with the TCI state configuration from base station 704. The transmission spatial filter of the target reference signal can correspond to the source signal from the TCI state configuration. In some aspects, the transmission spatial filter of the target reference signal can be the same as or equivalent to the source signal of at least one QCL configuration.

[0128] At 718, UE 702 can measure the target reference signal. At 720, UE 702 can predict beam measurements based on the transmit spatial filter of the target reference signal corresponding to the source signal configured with at least one QCL. In some aspects, the accuracy of beam prediction can be refined based at least on at least one QCL configuration from the TCI state configuration with respect to the target reference signal.

[0129] At 722, UE 702 can monitor beam prediction performance based at least one QCL configuration from the TCI state configuration with respect to the target reference signal.

[0130] After measuring, predicting, and / or reporting beam information at 718, 720, and 722, at 724, the UE can use the QCL configuration of the TCI state, which indicates the spatial transmission parameters of the communication, to communicate with the base station 704.

[0131] Figure 8 This is a flowchart 800 of a wireless communication method. The method can be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 104; device 1004). One or more of the illustrated operations can be omitted, interchanged, or performed simultaneously. This method allows for improved beam prediction accuracy based on spatial transmission parameters.

[0132] At 802, the UE may receive a TCI state configuration. For example, 802 may be performed by the QCL component 198 of device 1004. The TCI state configuration may relate to a target reference signal and includes at least one QCL configuration that includes spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal. In some aspects, the at least one QCL configuration may include a QCL type D configuration. At least one of MAC-CE, RRC signaling, or DCI associated with the QCL type D configuration may indicate that the target reference signal corresponds to spatial transmission parameters used for transmitting the source signal in the type D configuration of the TCI state configuration. In some aspects, the at least one QCL configuration includes a QCL type E, wherein the QCL type E may include spatial transmission parameters.

[0133] At point 804, the UE may receive a target reference signal associated with the TCI state configuration. For example, 804 may be performed by the QCL component 198 of device 1004. The UE may receive the target reference signal associated with the TCI state configuration from a network entity. The transmission spatial filter of the target reference signal may correspond to the source signal from the TCI state configuration. In some aspects, the transmission spatial filter of the target reference signal may be the same as or equivalent to the source signal of at least one QCL configuration.

[0134] Figure 9 This is a flowchart 900 of a wireless communication method. The method can be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 104; device 1004). One or more of the illustrated operations can be omitted, interchanged, or performed simultaneously. This method allows for improved beam prediction accuracy based on spatial transmission parameters.

[0135] At 902, the UE may receive a TCI state configuration. For example, 902 may be performed by the QCL component 198 of device 1004. The TCI state configuration may relate to a target reference signal and includes at least one QCL configuration that includes spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal. In some aspects, the at least one QCL configuration may include a QCL type D configuration. At least one of MAC-CE, RRC signaling, or DCI associated with the QCL type D configuration may indicate that the target reference signal corresponds to spatial transmission parameters used for transmitting the source signal in the type D configuration of the TCI state configuration. In some aspects, the at least one QCL configuration includes a QCL type E, wherein the QCL type E may include spatial transmission parameters.

[0136] At point 904, the UE may send a report on the source signal and predicted channel characteristics configured for the TCI. For example, point 904 may be performed by the QCL component 198 of device 1004. The UE may send the report on the source signal and predicted channel characteristics configured for the TCI to the network entity. For example, the predicted channel characteristics may include predicted L1 RSRP, L1 SINR, RI, CQI, PMI, or one of the predicted optimal resources.

[0137] At 906, the UE may send an indication of support for UE capabilities associated with at least one QCL configuration that may include spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal. For example, 906 may be performed by the QCL component 198 of apparatus 1004. The UE may send the indication of support for the UE capability to a network entity. In some aspects, the UE capability may indicate at least one of the following: support for at least one QCL configuration including virtual resources, support for at least one QCL configuration including a source based on SSB or CSI-RS, support for at least one QCL configuration including virtual resources or a source based on SSB or CSI-RS, or lack of support for at least one QCL configuration. In some aspects, support for the UE capability may be indicated for at least one of a use case scenario or functionality relating to at least one QCL configuration. In some aspects, the UE capability may indicate the maximum number of MAC-CE activated TCI states having at least one QCL configuration including spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal.

[0138] At point 908, the UE may send a request to receive or disable the target reference signal. For example, 908 may be performed by the QCL component 198 of device 1004. The UE may send the request to a network entity to receive or disable the target reference signal. The UE may send the request to receive or disable the target reference signal based on at least one QCL configuration including spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal. In some aspects, the request may be sent via MAC-CE or UCI. In some aspects, the request may correspond to the target channel of the target reference signal.

[0139] At 910, the UE may receive a target reference signal associated with the TCI state configuration. For example, 910 may be performed by the QCL component 198 of device 1004. The UE may receive the target reference signal associated with the TCI state configuration from a network entity. The transmission spatial filter of the target reference signal may correspond to the source signal from the TCI state configuration. In some aspects, the transmission spatial filter of the target reference signal may be the same as or equivalent to the source signal of at least one QCL configuration.

[0140] At 912, the UE can measure the target reference signal. For example, 912 can be performed by the QCL component 198 of device 1004.

[0141] At point 914, the UE can predict beam measurements. For example, 914 can be performed by the QCL component 198 of device 1004. The UE can predict beam measurements based on a transmit spatial filter of a target reference signal corresponding to a source signal configured with at least one QCL. In some aspects, the accuracy of beam prediction can be refined based at least on at least one QCL configuration from a TCI state configuration regarding the target reference signal.

[0142] At point 916, the UE can monitor the performance of beam prediction. For example, 916 can be performed by the QCL component 198 of device 1004. The UE can monitor the performance of beam prediction based at least on at least one QCL configuration from the TCI state configuration with respect to the target reference signal.

[0143] Figure 10Figure 1000 illustrates an example of a hardware implementation for device 1004. Device 1004 may be a UE, a component of a UE, or implement UE functionality. In some aspects, device 1004 may include a cellular baseband processor 1024 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers 1022 (e.g., cellular RF transceivers). Cellular baseband processor 1024 may include on-chip memory 1024'. In some aspects, device 1004 may also include one or more Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) cards 1020 and an application processor 1006 coupled to a Secure Digital Card (SD) card 1008 and a screen 1010. Application processor 1006 may include on-chip memory 1006'. In some aspects, device 1004 may also include a Bluetooth module 1012, a WLAN module 1014, an SPS module 1016 (e.g., a GNSS module), one or more sensor modules 1018 (e.g., an atmospheric pressure sensor / altimeter; motion sensors such as an inertial measurement unit (IMU), a gyroscope, and / or an accelerometer; light detection and ranging (LIDAR), radio-assisted detection and ranging (RADAR), sound navigation and ranging (SONAR), a magnetometer, audio, and / or other technologies for positioning), an additional memory module 1026, a power source 1030, and / or a camera 1032. Bluetooth module 1012, WLAN module 1014, and SPS module 1016 may include on-chip transceivers (TRX) (or in some cases, only receivers (RX)). Bluetooth module 1012, WLAN module 1014, and SPS module 1016 may include their own dedicated antennas and / or communicate using antenna 1080. Cellular baseband processor 1024 communicates with UE 104 and / or RU associated with the same network entity 1002 via transceiver 1022 through one or more antennas 1080. Cellular baseband processor 1024 and application processor 1006 may each include computer-readable media / memory 1024', 1006'. Additional memory module 1026 may also be considered computer-readable media / memory. Each computer-readable media / memory 1024', 1006', 1026 may be non-transitory. Cellular baseband processor 1024 and application processor 1006 are each responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable media / memory. When executed by cellular baseband processor 1024 / application processor 1006, the software causes cellular baseband processor 1024 / application processor 1006 to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable media / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by cellular baseband processor 1024 / application processor 1006 during software execution.Cellular baseband processor 1024 / application processor 1006 may be a component of UE 350 and may include memory 360 and / or at least one of TX processor 368, RX processor 356, and controller / processor 359. In one configuration, device 1004 may be a processor chip (modem and / or application) and may only include cellular baseband processor 1024 and / or application processor 1006, and in another configuration, device 1004 may be the entire UE (see, for example). Figure 3 (350) and includes an additional module of device 1004.

[0144] As discussed above, component 198 is configured to: receive a TCI state configuration regarding a target reference signal, the TCI state configuration including at least one QCL configuration including spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal; and receive a target reference signal associated with the TCI state configuration from a network entity, wherein the transmission spatial filter of the target reference signal corresponds to the source signal from the TCI state configuration. Component 198 may be within cellular baseband processor 1024, application processor 1006, or both cellular baseband processor 1024 and application processor 1006. Component 198 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to execute the stated process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to execute the stated process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. As shown, apparatus 1004 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, apparatus 1004 (and specifically, cellular baseband processor 1024 and / or application processor 1006) includes components for receiving a TCI state configuration regarding a target reference signal, the TCI state configuration including at least one QCL configuration including spatial transmission parameters shared with a source signal. The apparatus includes components for receiving the target reference signal associated with the TCI state configuration from a network entity, wherein the transmission spatial filter of the target reference signal corresponds to the source signal from the TCI state configuration. The apparatus also includes components for transmitting to the network entity a report of the source signal and predicted channel characteristics for the TCI configuration. The apparatus further includes components for transmitting to the network entity an indication of support for UE capabilities associated with at least one QCL configuration including these spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal. The apparatus also includes components for transmitting to the network entity a request to receive or disable the target reference signal based on at least one QCL configuration including spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal. The apparatus also includes components for measuring the target reference signal. The apparatus also includes components for predicting beam measurements based on a transmit spatial filter of a target reference signal corresponding to a source signal configured with at least one QCL. The apparatus also includes components for monitoring the performance of beam prediction based at least on at least one QCL configuration from a TCI state configuration regarding the target reference signal. The component may be component 198 of apparatus 1004 configured to perform the functions described therein. As described above, apparatus 1004 may include a TX processor 368, an RX processor 356, and a controller / processor 359. Therefore, in one configuration, the component may be the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and / or the controller / processor 359 configured to perform the functions described therein.

[0145] Figure 11This is a flowchart 1100 of a wireless communication method. The method can be performed by a base station (e.g., base station 102; network entity 1302). One or more of the illustrated operations can be omitted, interchanged, or performed simultaneously. This method can configure the UE to improve beam prediction accuracy based on spatial transmission parameters.

[0146] At 1102, the network entity can configure a TCI state configuration. For example, 1102 can be performed by the QCL component 199 of network entity 1302. The TCI state configuration may relate to a target reference signal and includes at least one QCL configuration that includes spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal. In some aspects, the at least one QCL configuration may include a QCL type D configuration. At least one of MAC-CE, RRC signaling, or DCI associated with the QCL type D configuration may indicate that the target reference signal corresponds to the spatial transmission parameters used for transmission of the source signal in the type D configuration of the TCI state configuration. In some aspects, the at least one QCL configuration includes a QCL type E, wherein the QCL type E may include spatial transmission parameters.

[0147] At 1104, the network entity can provide a TCI state configuration for the target reference signal, which includes at least one QCL configuration that includes spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal. For example, 1104 can be performed by the QCL component 199 of network entity 1302. The network entity can provide the UE with a TCI state configuration for the target reference signal, which includes at least one QCL configuration that includes spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal.

[0148] At 1106, the network entity may provide a target reference signal associated with the TCI state configuration. For example, 1106 may be performed by the QCL component 199 of network entity 1302. The network entity may provide the target reference signal associated with the TCI state configuration to the UE. The transmission spatial filter of the target reference signal may correspond to the source signal from the TCI state configuration. In some aspects, the transmission spatial filter of the target reference signal may be the same as or equivalent to the source signal of at least one QCL configuration.

[0149] Figure 12 This is a flowchart 1200 of a wireless communication method. The method can be performed by a base station (e.g., base station 102; network entity 1302). One or more of the illustrated operations can be omitted, interchanged, or performed simultaneously. This method can configure the UE to improve beam prediction accuracy based on spatial transmission parameters.

[0150] At 1202, the network entity can configure a TCI state configuration. For example, 1202 can be performed by the QCL component 199 of network entity 1302. The TCI state configuration may relate to a target reference signal and includes at least one QCL configuration that includes spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal. In some aspects, the at least one QCL configuration may include a QCL type D configuration. At least one of MAC-CE, RRC signaling, or DCI associated with the QCL type D configuration may indicate that the target reference signal corresponds to the spatial transmission parameters used for transmission of the source signal in the type D configuration of the TCI state configuration. In some aspects, the at least one QCL configuration includes a QCL type E, wherein the QCL type E may include spatial transmission parameters.

[0151] At 1204, the network entity can provide a TCI state configuration for the target reference signal, which includes at least one QCL configuration that includes spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal. For example, 1204 can be performed by the QCL component 199 of network entity 1302. The network entity can provide the UE with a TCI state configuration for the target reference signal, which includes at least one QCL configuration that includes spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal.

[0152] At 1206, the network entity can obtain a report on the source signal and predicted channel characteristics configured for TCI. For example, 1206 can be performed by the QCL component 199 of network entity 1302. The network entity can obtain a report on the source signal and predicted channel characteristics configured for TCI from the UE. For example, the predicted channel characteristics may include the predicted Layer 1 (L1) Reference Received Power (RSRP), L1 Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR), Rank Indicator (RI), Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), Pre-decoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), or one of the predicted optimal resources.

[0153] At 1208, the network entity may obtain an indication of support for UE capabilities associated with at least one QCL configuration that may include spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal. For example, 1208 may be performed by QCL component 199 of network entity 1302. The network entity may obtain an indication of support for UE capabilities from the UE. In some aspects, UE capabilities may indicate at least one of the following: support for at least one QCL configuration including virtual resources, support for at least one QCL configuration including an SSB-RS based source, support for at least one QCL configuration including virtual resources or an SSB-RS based source, or lack of support for at least one QCL configuration. In some aspects, support for UE capabilities may be indicated for at least one of a use case scenario or functionality related to at least one QCL configuration. In some aspects, UE capabilities may indicate the maximum number of MAC-CE activated TCI states having at least one QCL configuration including spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal.

[0154] At 1210, the network entity may obtain a request to receive or disable a target reference signal. For example, 1210 may be performed by the QCL component 199 of network entity 1302. The network entity may obtain the request to receive or disable the target reference signal from the UE. The network entity may obtain the request to receive or disable the target reference signal based on at least one QCL configuration including spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal. In some aspects, the request may be included within MAC-CE or UCI. In some aspects, the request may correspond to the target channel of the target reference signal.

[0155] At 1212, the network entity may provide a target reference signal associated with the TCI state configuration. For example, 1212 may be performed by the QCL component 199 of network entity 1302. The network entity may provide the target reference signal associated with the TCI state configuration to the UE. The transmission spatial filter of the target reference signal may correspond to the source signal from the TCI state configuration. In some aspects, the transmission spatial filter of the target reference signal may be the same as or equivalent to the source signal of at least one QCL configuration.

[0156] Figure 13Figure 1300 illustrates an example of a hardware implementation for network entity 1302. Network entity 1302 may be a BS, a component of a BS, or implement BS functionality. Network entity 1302 may include at least one of CU 1310, DU 1330, or RU 1340. For example, depending on the layer functionality handled by component 199, network entity 1302 may include CU 1310; both CU 1310 and DU 1330; each of CU 1310, DU 1330, and RU 1340; DU 1330; both DU 1330 and RU 1340; or RU 1340. CU 1310 may include CU processor 1312. CU processor 1312 may include on-chip memory 1312'. In some aspects, CU 1310 may also include an additional memory module 1314 and a communication interface 1318. CU 1310 communicates with DU 1330 via a midhaul link, such as an F1 interface. DU 1330 may include a DU processor 1332. DU processor 1332 may include on-chip memory 1332'. In some aspects, DU 1330 may also include an additional memory module 1334 and a communication interface 1338. DU 1330 communicates with RU 1340 via a fronthaul link. RU 1340 may include an RU processor 1342. RU processor 1342 may include on-chip memory 1342'. In some aspects, RU 1340 may also include an additional memory module 1344, one or more transceivers 1346, an antenna 1380, and a communication interface 1348. RU 1340 communicates with UE 104. On-chip memories 1312', 1332', 1342' and additional memory modules 1314, 1334, 1344 may each be considered as computer-readable media / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory can be non-transitory. Each of processors 1312, 1332, and 1342 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. When executed by the corresponding processor, the software causes that processor to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable medium / memory can also be used to store data manipulated by the processor while executing the software.

[0157] As discussed above, component 199 is configured to: configure a TCI state configuration for a target reference signal, the TCI state configuration including at least one QCL configuration including spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal; provide the UE with the TCI state configuration for the target reference signal, the TCI state configuration including at least one QCL configuration including spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal; and provide the UE with the target reference signal associated with the TCI state configuration, wherein the transmission spatial filter of the target reference signal corresponds to the source signal from the TCI state configuration. Component 199 may be located within one or more processors of one or more of CU 1310, DU 1330, and RU 1340. Component 199 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to execute the stated process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to execute the stated process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. Network entity 1302 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, network entity 1302 includes components for configuring a TCI state configuration for a target reference signal, the TCI state configuration including at least one QCL configuration including spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal. The network entity includes components for providing the UE with the TCI state configuration for the target reference signal, the TCI state configuration including at least one QCL configuration including spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal. The network entity includes components for providing the UE with the target reference signal associated with the TCI state configuration, wherein the transmission spatial filter of the target reference signal corresponds to the source signal from the TCI state configuration. The network entity also includes components for obtaining a report from the UE of the source signal and predicted channel characteristics for the TCI configuration. The network entity also includes components for obtaining from the UE an indication of support for UE capabilities associated with at least one QCL configuration including these spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal. The network entity also includes components for obtaining from the UE a request to receive or disable the target reference signal based on at least one QCL configuration including spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal. The component may be a component 199 of network entity 1302 configured to perform the functions described therein. As described above, network entity 1302 may include a TX processor 316, an RX processor 370, and a controller / processor 375. Therefore, in one configuration, the component may be the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and / or the controller / processor 375 configured to perform the functions described therein.

[0158] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the boxes in the disclosed process / flowcharts is merely an example of the exemplary method. It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the boxes in the process / flowcharts may be rearranged based on design preferences. Furthermore, some boxes may be combined or omitted. The appended method claims present the elements of various boxes in a sample order, but are not limited to the given specific order or hierarchy.

[0159] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not limited to the aspects described herein but should be given the full scope consistent with the language of the claims. Unless specifically stated otherwise, references to elements in the singular form do not mean “one and only one” but rather “one or more.” Terms such as “if,” “when,” and “simultaneously” do not imply a direct temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases, such as “when…”, do not imply an immediate action in response to the occurrence of an action or during the occurrence of an action, but simply suggest that if a condition is met, then the action will occur, without requiring a specific or immediate time limit for the occurrence of the action. The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or superior to other aspects. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. Combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C", "one or more of A, B, or C", "at least one of A, B, and C", "one or more of A, B, and C", and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" include any combination of A, B, and / or C, which may include multiple A, multiple B, or multiple C. Specifically, combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C", "one or more of A, B, or C", "at least one of A, B, and C", "one or more of A, B, and C", and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" can be only A, only B, only C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combination may contain one or more members of A, B, or C. A set should be interpreted as a collection of elements, where the number of elements is one or more. Therefore, for a set of X, X will include one or more elements. If the first device receives data from or sends data to the second device, data can be received / sent directly between the first and second devices, or indirectly between the first and second devices via a set of devices. A device configured to "output" data (such as transmission, signaling, or messaging) can, for example, transmit the data using a transceiver, or can transmit the data to the device that sent the data. A device configured to "receive" data (such as transmission, signaling, or messaging) can, for example, receive the data using a transceiver, or can obtain the data from the device that received the data. All structural and functional equivalents of the elements throughout the various aspects described herein that are known to those skilled in the art or will later be known are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are covered by the claims.Furthermore, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be offered to the public, whether or not such disclosure is explicitly stated in the claims. Terms such as “module,” “mechanism,” “element,” and “device” cannot replace the term “component.” Therefore, no claim element will be interpreted as a functional component unless the element is explicitly stated using the phrase “component for…”.

[0160] As used in this article, the phrase “based on” should not be interpreted as referring to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, etc. In other words, the phrase “based on A” (where “A” can be information, conditions, factors, etc.) should be interpreted as “based on at least A”, unless specifically stated differently.

[0161] The following aspects are merely illustrative and may be combined with other aspects or teachings described herein without limitation.

[0162] Aspect 1 is a method for wireless communication at a UE, the method comprising: receiving a TCI state configuration for a target reference signal, the TCI state configuration including at least one QCL configuration, the at least one QCL configuration including spatial transmission parameters shared with a source signal; and receiving the target reference signal associated with the TCI state configuration from a network entity, wherein a transmission spatial filter of the target reference signal corresponds to the source signal from the TCI state configuration.

[0163] Aspect 2 is the method according to aspect 1, the method further comprising sending a report to the network entity of the source signal and predicted channel characteristics configured for the TCI state.

[0164] Aspect 3 is the method according to any one of Aspects 1 and 2, the method further comprising sending to the network entity an indication of support for UE capabilities associated with the at least one QCL configuration including spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal.

[0165] Aspect 4 is the method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 3, the method further comprising the UE capability indicating at least one of the following: support for the at least one QCL configuration including a virtual resource, support for the at least one QCL configuration including a source based on SSB or CSI-RS, support for the at least one QCL configuration including the virtual resource or the source based on the SSB or the CSI-RS, or lack of support for the at least one QCL configuration.

[0166] Aspect 5 is the method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 4, the method further comprising that the support for the UE capability is indicated for at least one of a use case scenario or functionality relating to the at least one QCL configuration.

[0167] Aspect 6 is a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 5, the method further comprising the UE capability indicating a maximum number of MAC-CE active TCI states having the at least one QCL configuration including the spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal.

[0168] Aspect 7 is the method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, the method further comprising sending a request to the network entity to receive or deactivate the target reference signal based on the at least one QCL configuration including the spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal.

[0169] Aspect 8 is the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 7, the method further comprising that the request is sent via MAC-CE or UCI.

[0170] Aspect 9 is the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 8, the method further comprising the request corresponding to a target channel of the target reference signal.

[0171] Aspect 10 is the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 9, the method further comprising the at least one QCL configuration including QCL type E.

[0172] Aspect 11 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 10, the method further comprising the at least one QCL configuration including a QCL type D configuration, wherein at least one of MAC-CE, RRC signaling or DCI associated with the QCL type D configuration indicates that the target reference signal corresponds to the spatial transmission parameters for transmitting the source signal of the QCL type D configuration in the TCI state configuration.

[0173] Aspect 12 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 11, the method further comprising that the transmit spatial filter of the target reference signal is the same as the source signal configured by the at least one QCL.

[0174] Aspect 13 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 12, the method further comprising: measuring the target reference signal; and predicting beam measurements based on the transmit spatial filter of the target reference signal corresponding to the source signal of the at least one QCL configuration, wherein the accuracy of the beam prediction is refined at least based on the at least one QCL configuration from the TCI state configuration of the target reference signal.

[0175] Aspect 14 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 13, the method further comprising monitoring the performance of beam prediction based at least on the at least one QCL configuration from the TCI state configuration with respect to the target reference signal.

[0176] Aspect 15 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, the apparatus comprising: at least one processor coupled to a memory; and at least one transceiver configured to enable the UE to implement any one of aspects 1 to 14.

[0177] Aspect 16 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, the apparatus including components for implementing any one of aspects 1 to 14.

[0178] Aspect 17 is a computer-readable medium storing computer-executable code, wherein the code, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement any one of aspects 1 to 14.

[0179] Aspect 18 is a method for wireless communication at a network entity, the method comprising: configuring a TCI state configuration for a target reference signal, the TCI state configuration including at least one QCL configuration, the at least one QCL configuration including spatial transmission parameters shared with a source signal; providing a UE with the TCI state configuration for the target reference signal, the TCI state configuration including the at least one QCL configuration, the at least one QCL configuration including the spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal; and providing the UE with the target reference signal associated with the TCI state configuration, wherein a transmission spatial filter of the target reference signal corresponds to the source signal from the TCI state configuration.

[0180] Aspect 19 is the method according to aspect 18, the method further comprising obtaining from the UE a report of the source signal and predicted channel characteristics configured for the TCI state.

[0181] Aspect 20 is a method according to any one of aspects 18 and 19, the method further comprising obtaining from the UE an indication of support for UE capabilities associated with the at least one QCL configuration including spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal.

[0182] Aspect 21 is a method according to any one of aspects 18 to 20, the method further comprising the UE capability indicating at least one of the following: support for the at least one QCL configuration including a virtual resource, support for the at least one QCL configuration including a source based on SSB or CSI-RS, support for the at least one QCL configuration including the virtual resource or the source based on the SSB or the CSI-RS, or lack of support for the at least one QCL configuration.

[0183] Aspect 22 is the method according to any one of aspects 18 to 21, the method further comprising that the support for the UE capability is indicated for at least one of a use case scenario or functionality relating to the at least one QCL configuration.

[0184] Aspect 23 is a method according to any one of aspects 18 to 22, the method further comprising the UE capability indicating a maximum number of MAC-CE active TCI states having the at least one QCL configuration including the spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal.

[0185] Aspect 24 is a method according to any one of aspects 18 to 23, the method further comprising obtaining from the UE a request to receive or disable the target reference signal based on the at least one QCL configuration including the spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal.

[0186] Aspect 25 is the method according to any one of aspects 18 to 24, the method further comprising the request being included in MAC-CE or UCI.

[0187] Aspect 26 is a method according to any one of aspects 18 to 25, the method further comprising the request corresponding to a target channel of the target reference signal.

[0188] Aspect 27 is a method according to any one of aspects 18 to 26, the method further comprising the at least one QCL configuration including QCL type E.

[0189] Aspect 28 is a method according to any one of aspects 18 to 27, the method further comprising the at least one QCL configuration including a QCL type D configuration, wherein at least one of MAC-CE, RRC signaling or DCI associated with the QCL type D configuration indicates that the target reference signal corresponds to the spatial transmission parameters for transmitting the source signal of the QCL type D configuration in the TCI state configuration.

[0190] Aspect 29 is a method according to any one of aspects 18 to 28, the method further comprising that the transmit spatial filter of the target reference signal is the same as the source signal configured by the at least one QCL.

[0191] Aspect 30 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity, the apparatus comprising: at least one processor coupled to a memory; and at least one transceiver configured to cause the network entity to implement any one of aspects 18 to 28.

[0192] Aspect 31 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity, the apparatus including components for implementing any one of aspects 18 to 28.

[0193] Aspect 32 is a computer-readable medium storing computer-executable code, wherein the code, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement any one of aspects 18 to 28.

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: Memory; and At least one processor, coupled to the memory, and configured, at least in part, based on information stored in the memory, to cause the UE to: Receive a Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) status configuration regarding a target reference signal, the TCI status configuration including at least one Quasi-Co-location (QCL) configuration, the at least one QCL configuration including spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal; and The target reference signal associated with the TCI state configuration is received from the network entity, wherein the transmission spatial filter of the target reference signal corresponds to the source signal from the TCI state configuration.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the UE to: Send a report to the network entity on the source signal and predicted channel characteristics configured for the TCI state.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the UE to: Send an indication to the network entity of support for UE capabilities associated with at least one QCL configuration, including spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the UE capability indicates at least one of the following: Support for at least one QCL configuration including virtual resources, Support for at least one QCL configuration including sources based on Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) or Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), Support for at least one QCL configuration including the virtual resource or the source based on the SSB or the CSI-RS, or There is a lack of support for at least one of the QCL configurations.

6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the support for the UE capability is indicated for at least one of a use case scenario or functionality relating to the at least one QCL configuration.

7. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the UE capability indicates the maximum number of MAC-CE activated TCI states having the at least one QCL configuration including the spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the UE to: The network entity sends a request to receive or deactivate the target reference signal based on at least one QCL configuration including the spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the request is sent via a Media Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE) (MAC-CE) or Uplink Control Information (UCI).

10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the request corresponds to the target channel of the target reference signal.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one QCL configuration includes QCL type E.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one QCL configuration includes a QCL type D configuration, wherein at least one of a Media Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE) (MAC-CE), Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, or Downlink Control Information (DCI) associated with the QCL type D configuration indicates that the target reference signal corresponds to the spatial transmission parameters for transmitting the source signal of the QCL type D configuration in the TCI state configuration.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the transmit spatial filter of the target reference signal is the same as the source signal configured by the at least one QCL.

14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the UE to: Measure the target reference signal; and Beam measurement is predicted based on the transmit spatial filter of the target reference signal corresponding to the source signal of the at least one QCL configuration, wherein the accuracy of beam prediction is refined based at least on the at least one QCL configuration from the TCI state configuration of the target reference signal.

15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the UE to: The performance of beam prediction is monitored based at least on the at least one QCL configuration derived from the TCI state configuration with respect to the target reference signal.

16. A method for conducting wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: Receive a Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) status configuration regarding a target reference signal, the TCI status configuration including at least one Quasi-Co-location (QCL) configuration, the at least one QCL configuration including spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal; and The target reference signal associated with the TCI state configuration is received from the network entity, wherein the transmission spatial filter of the target reference signal corresponds to the source signal from the TCI state configuration.

17. An apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity, the apparatus comprising: Memory; and At least one processor, coupled to the memory, and configured, at least in part, based on information stored in the memory, to cause the network entity to: Configure a Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) state configuration for a target reference signal, the TCI state configuration including at least one Quasi-Co-location (QCL) configuration, the at least one QCL configuration including spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal; Provide the user equipment (UE) with the TCI state configuration regarding the target reference signal, the TCI state configuration including the at least one QCL configuration, the at least one QCL configuration including the spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal; as well as The target reference signal associated with the TCI state configuration is provided to the UE, wherein the transmission spatial filter of the target reference signal corresponds to the source signal from the TCI state configuration.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, further comprising a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor.

19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the network entity to: The UE obtains a report of the source signal and predicted channel characteristics configured for the TCI state.

20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the network entity to: The UE receives an indication of support for UE capabilities associated with at least one QCL configuration, including spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the UE capability indicates at least one of the following: Support for at least one QCL configuration including virtual resources, Support for at least one QCL configuration including sources based on Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) or Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), Support for at least one QCL configuration including the virtual resource or the source based on the SSB or the CSI-RS, or There is a lack of support for at least one of the QCL configurations.

22. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the support for the UE capability is indicated for at least one of a use case scenario or functionality relating to the at least one QCL configuration.

23. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the UE capability indicates the maximum number of MAC-CE activated TCI states having the at least one QCL configuration including the spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal.

24. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the network entity to: The request to receive or disable the target reference signal is obtained from the UE based on at least one QCL configuration including the spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal.

25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the request is included in a Media Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE) (MAC-CE) or Uplink Control Information (UCI).

26. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the request corresponds to the target channel of the target reference signal.

27. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the at least one QCL configuration includes QCL type E.

28. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the at least one QCL configuration includes a QCL type D configuration, wherein at least one of a Media Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE) (MAC-CE), Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, or Downlink Control Information (DCI) associated with the QCL type D configuration indicates that the target reference signal corresponds to the spatial transmission parameters for transmitting the source signal of the QCL type D configuration in the TCI state configuration.

29. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the transmit spatial filter of the target reference signal is the same as the source signal configured by the at least one QCL.

30. A method for wireless communication at a network entity, the method comprising: Configure a Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) state configuration for a target reference signal, the TCI state configuration including at least one Quasi-Co-location (QCL) configuration, the at least one QCL configuration including spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal; Provide the user equipment (UE) with the TCI state configuration regarding the target reference signal, the TCI state configuration including the at least one QCL configuration, the at least one QCL configuration including the spatial transmission parameters shared with the source signal; as well as The target reference signal associated with the TCI state configuration is provided to the UE, wherein the transmission spatial filter of the target reference signal corresponds to the source signal from the TCI state configuration.

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