Method for building orchard of pear, plum or apricot germplasm resource by strip cutting in bud zone soil

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of fruit tree propagation, in particular to a pear, plum or apricot germplasm resource nursery strip soil cutting method in cold and arid regions, first, one-year-old branches are selected, after disinfection, soaked in rooting mud containing humic acid and growth regulator, then, a cubic soil nub is dug in the rhizosphere of the mother plant, wrapped with non-woven fabric, injected with water-retaining agent, sprayed with humic acid potassium and chitin mixed solution, and inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi, finally, a planting hole is dug according to the set plant spacing, a straw root protection cover is set, the strip with soil is planted, water is poured thoroughly and slow-release fertilizer is buried. The technology effectively protects the root system and promotes rooting through comprehensive treatment, ensuring the rapid and high-quality construction of the resource nursery under the harsh conditions in the cold and arid regions. Through the triple root protection soil cutting technology, the survival rate of pear, plum, apricot and other deciduous fruit tree germplasm resource strips in cold and arid regions is increased from less than 60% of the traditional method to more than 85%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fruit tree propagation technology, specifically relating to a method for establishing a nursery by cutting with soil attached, suitable for preserving germplasm resources of deciduous fruit trees such as pear, plum, and apricot in cold and arid regions. In particular, it relates to a cutting propagation method that achieves a high survival rate through a triple root protection technology of rhizosphere microenvironment protection, straw degradation root protection cover, and precise water and fertilizer management. Background Technology

[0002] Fruit tree germplasm resources are an important component of agricultural biodiversity and hold significant strategic importance for fruit tree breeding and sustainable development. Cold and arid regions, as unique ecological environments, possess abundant stress-resistant fruit tree germplasm resources, which typically exhibit excellent resistance to cold, drought, and pests. However, the harsh environmental conditions in these regions—low average annual temperatures, little rainfall, large diurnal temperature variations, and severe wind and sand damage—pose numerous challenges to traditional fruit tree propagation methods.

[0003] Chinese patent CN117223534A discloses a method for improving the fruit set rate of sweet cherries in cold and arid regions. This method utilizes greenhouse temperature control, S gene regulation technology, and the application of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer combined with boron fertilizer to increase the fruit set rate from the traditional 23% to over 67%. The patent employs VIGS technology to construct the pTRV2-S3 vector to silence the same S gene, or constructs the pRI101-S1 / S6 vector to overexpress different S genes, overcoming gametophyte self-incompatibility through Agrobacterium infection of the stigma. Simultaneously, the patent uses a water-soluble fertilizer containing 157.9 g / L of animal-derived amino acids and 54.8 g / L of humic acid, combined with boron fertilizer at a concentration of 11 g / L, for drip irrigation every 7 to 10 days. While this method achieves significant results in improving the fruit set rate, it primarily addresses fruit set after grafting and requires greenhouse facilities and complex genetic engineering operations, making it difficult to directly apply to open-field propagation of germplasm resources under cold and arid conditions.

[0004] Currently, fruit tree propagation by cuttings in cold and arid regions faces the following technical challenges: First, in traditional cutting methods, the low soil moisture content and unstable temperature in cold and arid environments lead to slow root development in the cuttings, resulting in a survival rate generally below 60%. Second, the separation of roots from the original soil during transplanting damages the symbiotic microbial community, reducing the plant's adaptability to the environment. Third, transplanted seedlings have low survival rates in extreme environments such as cold, drought, and sandstorms, often dying due to sudden temperature changes or sandstorms. Finally, traditional methods are inefficient in preserving and propagating valuable germplasm resources, failing to meet the needs of germplasm resource preservation. While traditional grafting methods can achieve a survival rate of 65%, they suffer from complex operations, high technical requirements, and difficulty in large-scale implementation.

[0005] Therefore, developing an efficient propagation method suitable for preserving germplasm resources of deciduous fruit trees such as pear, plum, and apricot in cold and arid regions is of great significance for improving the efficiency of germplasm resource preservation and promoting fruit tree breeding and production development. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for establishing a germplasm resource nursery for pear, plum, or apricot in cold and arid regions by cuttings with soil attached. This method achieves full protection of the rhizosphere microenvironment through a triple root protection technique of cutting pretreatment, digging with soil attached, and planting management, which significantly improves the survival rate and stress resistance of cuttings of deciduous fruit tree germplasm resources such as pear, plum, and apricot in cold and arid regions, and ensures the effective preservation of precious germplasm resources.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a method for establishing a pear, plum, or apricot germplasm resource nursery using cuttings with soil attached, comprising the following steps: First, pre-treat the cuttings by selecting one-year-old branches with a diameter of 0.8cm to 1.2cm, making a 45-degree oblique cut at the base of the cutting, and disinfecting them by soaking them in a 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 3 to 5 minutes. After disinfection, soak them in rooting slurry containing humic acid and growth regulators to a depth of 3cm to 5cm, wrapping them with a thickness of 0.3cm to 0.5cm; then, excavate with soil attached, digging out a soil ball within a 15cm radius of the original plant's root zone, forming a cubic soil ball with sides of 20cm, and using... Wrap the soil ball with polypropylene nonwoven fabric, inject 100mL of 0.2% polyacrylamide water-retaining agent solution into the soil ball, spray a mixture of 5g / L potassium humate and 3g / L chitin on the surface of the soil ball, and add 10g of mycorrhizal fungi inoculant. Finally, carry out planting management, dig planting holes according to a grid layout of 3m×4m, with a diameter of 30cm and a depth of 40cm, and set up a straw biodegradable root protection cover around the planting hole. Water immediately after planting, with the amount of water being 1.5 times the volume of the soil ball, and bury 10g of slow-release fertilizer strips per plant between the root protection cover and the soil ball.

[0008] Preferably, the selection of scions in the scion pretreatment is as follows: for pear trees, semi-lignified middle branch segments, 25-30 cm in length, with 4-6 plump buds are selected; for plum trees, lignified basal branch segments, 25-30 cm in length, with 4-6 plump buds are selected; and for apricot trees, terminal branch segments with apical buds, 25-30 cm in length, with 4-6 plump buds are selected. This differentiated selection is based on the physiological characteristics of different fruit trees. The middle branch segments of pear trees have sufficient nutrient accumulation and a moderate degree of differentiation, the basal branch segments of plum trees have well-developed xylem which is conducive to nutrient storage, and the terminal buds of apricot trees have strong apical dominance.

[0009] Preferably, the rooting slurry is formulated from the following components by dry weight percentage: a rhizosphere microbial activator containing phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. Potassium-solubilizing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria The humic acid matrix comprises 15% sodium humate, 5% lignite-derived activated carbon, and 2% sodium alginate. Growth regulators include 0.3% indolebutyric acid, 0.1% naphthaleneacetic acid, and 1.5% seaweed extract. Moisturizing binders include 3% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 1% polyvinyl alcohol, and 2% glycerin. The pH of the rooting slurry is adjusted to 6.3-6.7, and the moisture content is controlled at 65%-70%. This compound formula significantly promotes root primordia formation and root development through the synergistic effect of microorganisms, hormones, and moisturizers.

[0010] Furthermore, the mycorrhizal fungi inoculum contains 50 spores / g of mycorrhizal fungi. After excavation with soil, the process includes a soil clod fixation and protection step. Biodegradable hemp rope is used to wrap and secure the soil clod in a crisscross pattern. A 1cm thick layer of water-retaining cotton is placed at the bottom of the soil clod, and a 1.5cm thick layer of coconut coir substrate is wrapped around the outside of the soil clod. The pH value of the coconut coir substrate is 5.8 to 6.2. This multi-layered protective structure effectively prevents the soil clod from loosening and moisture loss.

[0011] Preferably, a 5cm thick layer of river sand with a particle size of 0.5mm to 2mm is laid at the bottom of the planting hole. A 1.5g / L solution of photocarbon polysaccharide is sprayed onto the walls of the planting hole, with the amount sprayed enough to cover the entire wall. The river sand layer has good drainage properties, preventing root rot caused by waterlogging, while the photocarbon polysaccharide forms a protective film on the hole walls, reducing lateral water loss.

[0012] The straw degradation root protection cover in this invention is made using bio-fermentation technology. Wheat straw is crushed to a length of 3cm to 5cm, soaked in a 2% potassium hydroxide solution for 12 hours, and inoculated with white rot fungus at a concentration of 0.5% of the dry weight of the straw. Fermentation is carried out at 25℃ to 28℃ for 7 days, with the moisture content maintained at 60% to 65%. The fermented straw is then mixed with 5% montmorillonite, 3% humic acid, and 2% sepiolite, with the moisture content of the mixture controlled at 50% to 55%. The mixture is then pressed into a cylindrical root protection cover with a diameter of 25cm, a height of 15cm, and a wall thickness of 2cm. When in use, the root protection cover is placed around the planting hole, with the top 2cm above the ground surface.

[0013] Regarding water and fertilizer management, the nutrient ratio of the slow-release fertilizer strips is N:P:K = 15:10:15. 15 to 20 days after transplanting, spray a mixture of 2 g / L sodium humate and 1 g / L amino acids every 7 days for 3 consecutive applications, with each application being 2-3 L per plant. After the plants have established themselves, apply a 1 g / L alginic acid solution according to their phenological stage. This phased water and fertilizer management strategy can meet the nutritional needs of the plants at different growth stages.

[0014] In response to the special climatic conditions in cold and arid regions, this invention also includes countermeasures: during the cold season, a mixture of sawdust and sheep manure is filled inside the root cover, with a volume ratio of sawdust to sheep manure of 3:1. This mixture slowly ferments and generates heat under the action of microorganisms; during the dry season, 200 mL of moisturizing gel is injected into the root cover, which is a 0.3% potassium polyacrylate solution; during windy and sandy weather, a 40 cm high windbreak board is set up 1 m above the root cover.

[0015] In addition, during the pretreatment of the cuttings, after disinfection with potassium permanganate solution and before soaking in rooting mud, the cut ends of the cuttings were soaked in a 500 mg / L amylase solution for 10 minutes. This innovative step hydrolyzes the starch near the cut end into soluble sugars through enzymatic reaction, providing sufficient energy for initial rooting. After treatment with rooting mud, the cuttings were pre-cultured in an environment of 18°C ​​to 22°C for 24 hours to promote callus formation.

[0016] For different fruit tree species, parameters can be adjusted: When preserving plum germplasm, add 0.5% trehalose to the rooting mud to enhance frost resistance, increase the size of the soil ball to a cube with a side length of 25cm, and add a 2.5cm thick straw mat insulation layer outside the root protection cover; When preserving apricot germplasm, add a 2cm thick sand barrier straw grid to the outside of the straw root protection cover, increase the height of the root protection cover to 20cm, and set a 50cm high triangular windbreak near the spikelet.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: First, by employing a triple-root-protection, soil-bearing cutting technique, the survival rate of cuttings of deciduous fruit tree germplasm resources such as pear, plum, and apricot in cold and arid regions is increased from less than 60% in the traditional method to over 85%, significantly improving the preservation efficiency of germplasm resources. Second, soil-bearing cuttings preserve the integrity of the root system and the symbiotic microbial community in the soil, promoting rapid root development, with new root formation occurring more than 40% faster than traditional methods. Third, the straw-degradable root cover provides temperature buffering and wind and sand protection for seedlings, increasing plant survival rate by 65% ​​and reducing wind and sand damage by 80% under extreme temperature conditions. Fourth, each germplasm resource can yield 4 to 6 surviving plants, increasing preservation efficiency by 300% and significantly increasing the number of precious germplasm resources preserved. Fifth, the use of biodegradable biomaterials to make the root cover reduces the use of non-degradable materials such as plastics, meeting the requirements of ecological agriculture and sustainable development. Sixth, by adjusting the component ratio and process parameters, it can be applied to cold and arid environments with different climate types, demonstrating good adaptability and promotional value. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and should not be considered as limiting the invention.

[0019] Example 1: Soil-lined cutting propagation of pear germplasm resources in cold and arid regions

[0020] This embodiment selects a typical cold and arid region for the experiment. The region has an average annual temperature of 5.2℃, an annual precipitation of 245mm, a minimum winter temperature of -28℃, a maximum summer temperature of 37℃, a large diurnal temperature range, a soil organic matter content of less than 1.5%, and often experiences drought and strong winds in spring.

[0021] One-year-old pear branches, 1.0 cm in diameter, were collected in mid-March before sap flow, from the semi-lignified middle section. The branches were cut to 28 cm in length, with each section retaining 5 plump buds. A 45-degree oblique cut was made at the base of the branch, and it was immediately immersed in a 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 4 minutes for disinfection. After disinfection, the cut was immersed in a 500 mg / L amylase solution for 10 minutes. This step hydrolyzes the starch near the cut into soluble sugars, increasing the soluble sugar content by approximately 40%, providing an energy basis for root primordia formation.

[0022] The rooting slurry was prepared with the following composition by dry weight percentage: phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. Potassium-solubilizing bacteria Nitrogen-fixing bacteria The formula consists of 15% sodium humate, 5% lignite-derived activated carbon, 2% sodium alginate, 0.3% indolebutyric acid, 0.1% naphthaleneacetic acid, 1.5% seaweed extract, 3% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 1% polyvinyl alcohol, and 2% glycerol. Among these, *Bacillus megaterium* is used for phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, *Bacillus mucilaginosus* for potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and *Azotobacter* strains for nitrogen-fixing bacteria; all of which can be purchased from the China Agricultural Microbiological Culture Collection Center. The sodium humate used is a product containing more than 70% humic acid. The lignite-derived activated carbon has a specific surface area of... The above-mentioned components are as follows: sodium alginate viscosity ≥ 300 mPa·s; indolebutyric acid and naphthaleneacetic acid purity ≥ 98%; seaweed extract containing ≥ 10% fucoidan; sodium carboxymethyl cellulose viscosity 500 mPa·s to 800 mPa·s; polyvinyl alcohol degree of hydrolysis ≥ 88%; and glycerol purity ≥ 99%. The above components are thoroughly mixed, and sterile water is added to form a paste with a water content controlled at 67%. The pH is adjusted to 6.5 using 0.1 mol / L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate buffer.

[0023] Immerse the base of the treated cuttings in rooting mud to a depth of 4 cm, wrap them with a thickness of 0.4 cm, ensuring even wrapping without air bubbles and completely covering the cut. Place the treated cuttings in a 20℃ environment for pre-culture for 24 hours to allow initial callus tissue structure to form.

[0024] Precisely excavate within a 15cm radius of the mother plant's root zone, to a depth of 20cm, forming a cubic soil mound with sides of 20cm. Polypropylene nonwoven fabric is wrapped around the soil clump from bottom to top to prevent moisture evaporation and soil loosening. 100 mL of a 0.2% polyacrylamide water-retaining agent solution is evenly injected into different locations on the soil clump. This water-retaining agent can absorb hundreds of times its own weight in water, increasing the soil clump's water retention rate to over 90%. A mixture of 5 g / L potassium humate and 3 g / L chitosan is sprayed onto the surface of the soil clump. Potassium humate promotes soil colloid formation, while chitosan forms a protective film to reduce moisture evaporation. 10 g of mycorrhizal fungus inoculum is added to the soil clump. The mycorrhizal fungus spore concentration is 50 spores / g. The mycorrhizal fungi are strains of the genus *Gloydius*, which can be obtained from commercially available formulations.

[0025] Biodegradable hemp rope is used to secure the soil clump in a crisscross pattern, applying appropriate force to stabilize the clump without excessively compressing the soil structure. A 1cm thick layer of water-retaining cotton, made of biodegradable cellulose material, is placed at the bottom of the clump and pre-soaked in a solution containing trace elements such as iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, and molybdenum. A 1.5cm thick layer of coconut coir substrate, with a pH of 6.0, is then wrapped around the outside of the clump and thoroughly moistened before use.

[0026] Dig planting holes in a rectangular grid layout with a plant spacing of 3m × 4m. The planting holes should be 30cm in diameter and 40cm deep. Lay a 5cm thick layer of medium-coarse river sand (1.0mm particle size) at the bottom of each hole, and wash it thoroughly to remove salt and impurities. Spray a 1.5g / L solution of photocarbon polysaccharide onto the hole walls, covering the entire wall to form a protective film and reduce lateral water seepage.

[0027] To make a biodegradable straw root cover, wheat straw is crushed to a length of 4cm and soaked in a 2% potassium hydroxide solution for 12 hours, then thoroughly washed. White-rot fungus, specifically *Procambarus chrysospora*, is inoculated at 0.5% of the straw's dry weight. This fungus can be purchased from the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), strain number CCTCC AF 93015. The inoculated straw is then fermented at 27℃ for 7 days, maintaining a moisture content of 62%, turning it every two days to ensure even fermentation. The fermented straw is brown and elastic to the touch. The fermented straw is then mixed with 5% montmorillonite, 3% fulvic acid, and 2% sepiolite. The montmorillonite should have a cation exchange capacity of over 90 cmol / kg, the fulvic acid content over 60%, and the sepiolite content over 95%. The moisture content of the mixture should be controlled at 52%. Use a mold to press the mixture into a cylindrical root cover with a diameter of 25cm, a height of 15cm, and a wall thickness of 2cm. After molding, place it in a cool place to dry for 2 to 3 days until the moisture content drops to 32%. Place the root cover around the planting hole, surrounding the soil ball, with the inner diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the soil ball, ensuring a 6cm gap between the soil ball and the root cover, and the top of the cover protruding 2cm above the ground surface.

[0028] Immediately after transplanting, water thoroughly with 1.5 times the volume of the root ball using drip irrigation, ensuring the water temperature is close to the soil temperature (approximately 18°C). Bury 10g of slow-release fertilizer strips per plant between the root cover and the root ball. The slow-release fertilizer should have a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 15:10:15, be effective for 6 months, and be buried 6cm deep, 12cm away from the root ball. Eighteen days after transplanting, spray with a mixture of 2g / L sodium humate and 1g / L amino acids. The sodium humate should contain over 70% humic acid and over 40% amino acids. Use 2.5L per plant, every 7 days for 3 consecutive applications, in the evening. After the plant has established itself, during the bud break period, apply a 1g / L alginic acid solution by spraying or drenching every 10 days for 2 consecutive applications.

[0029] The control group used the traditional cutting method, selecting one-year-old branches of the same size pear, cutting them into 28cm long sections, making a 45-degree oblique cut at the base, disinfecting them by soaking them in a 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 3 minutes, dipping the cut ends in commercially available rooting powder containing 0.1% indolebutyric acid, and directly inserting them into garden soil. The garden soil formula was a mixture of garden soil, river sand, and well-rotted organic fertilizer in a ratio of 5:3:2. The cutting depth was 10cm, with a row spacing of 30cm × 20cm. After planting, the cuttings were thoroughly watered, covered with mulch to retain moisture, and watered once every 7 days.

[0030] After 60 days of observation, the survival rate of the method in this embodiment reached 88.5%, while the survival rate of the traditional method was 56.2%, representing an improvement of 57.5%. Root development measurements showed that the method in this embodiment produced 15.3 new roots per plant with a root length of 12.7 cm, while the traditional method produced 7.2 new roots per plant with a root length of 5.4 cm. In the stress resistance test, under the combined stress conditions of continuous low temperature of -15℃ for 7 days and no irrigation for 15 days, the relative leaf water content of the method in this embodiment was 83.5%, and the relative chlorophyll content was 91.2%, while the relative leaf water content of the traditional method was 58.3%, and the relative chlorophyll content was 63.7%.

[0031] Example 2: Cutting propagation of Black Gem Plum germplasm resources in cold and arid regions using soil-lined cuttings

[0032] Select the same cold and arid environment as in Example 1, and choose one-year-old branches of Black Gem Plum with a diameter of 0.9 cm. Select lignified basal branches and cut them into 27 cm long sections, retaining 5 plump buds on each section. Make a 45-degree oblique cut at the base, disinfect by soaking in a 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 3 minutes, and then soak in a 500 mg / L amylase solution for 10 minutes.

[0033] The rooting slurry was prepared with the same formulation as in Example 1, but with an additional 0.5% trehalose by mass to enhance its antifreeze properties. Trehalose is a natural antifreeze agent that can protect the integrity of cell membranes under low-temperature conditions. The pH of the rooting slurry was adjusted to 6.3, and the water content was 68%. The base of the cuttings was immersed in the slurry to a depth of 4 cm, wrapped with a thickness of 0.4 cm, and pre-cultured at 20°C for 24 hours.

[0034] A soil ball was dug within a 15cm radius of the mother tree's root zone. Considering the plum tree's sensitivity to extremely cold environments, the soil ball size was increased to a cube with sides of 25cm. Wrap the soil ball with polypropylene nonwoven fabric, then inject 100 mL of a 0.25% polyacrylamide water-retaining agent solution. The concentration of the water-retaining agent should be slightly higher to enhance water retention. Spray with a mixture of 5 g / L potassium humate and 3 g / L chitin, and add 10 g of mycorrhizal fungus inoculum, with a mycorrhizal fungus spore concentration of 50 spores / g.

[0035] The soil clod is fixed by a double-layer grid-shaped wrapping method to enhance the fixing effect. The thickness of the bottom water-retaining cotton layer is increased to 1.5cm, the thickness of the coconut coir substrate is increased to 2cm, and the pH value of the coconut coir substrate is 5.9.

[0036] The planting hole depth was increased to 45cm, with a 5cm thick layer of river sand (1.0mm particle size) laid at the bottom, and a 3cm thick layer of humus soil added on top to improve insulation. A 1.5g / L solution of photocarbon polysaccharide was sprayed onto the hole walls.

[0037] The method for making the straw root protection cover is the same as in Example 1, but a 2.5cm thick straw mat insulation layer is added outside the root protection cover. The straw mat is made of rice straw or wheat straw and fixed with thin rope to prevent it from being blown away by the wind. To cope with the extremely cold environment, a mixture of sawdust and sheep manure is filled inside the root protection cover. The sawdust is selected from pine sawdust with a particle size of 2mm and a moisture content of 22%. The sheep manure is selected from fully decomposed dry sheep manure that has been crushed. The volume ratio of sawdust to sheep manure is 3:1. This mixture slowly ferments under the action of microorganisms and continuously generates heat for 15 days, making the temperature in the root zone 3°C to 5°C higher than the outside temperature.

[0038] Immediately after transplanting, water thoroughly with 1.8 times the volume of the soil ball at a water temperature of 20℃. Reduce the amount of slow-release fertilizer to 8g per plant to prevent fertilizer burn in low-temperature environments, and bury it to a depth of 6cm. Starting 18 days after transplanting, spray with a mixture of 2g / L sodium humate and 1g / L amino acids, 2.5L per plant each time, once every 7 days, for a total of 3 times.

[0039] The control group used the same traditional cutting propagation method as in Example 1. After 60 days of observation, the survival rate of this example was 85.3%, while the survival rate of the traditional method was 55.4%, representing an improvement of 54.0%. Post-wintering investigation showed that the frost-free rate of this example was 92.6%, while the frost-free rate of the traditional method was 45.3%. The first-year shoot growth after transplanting was 35.7 cm in this example and 16.2 cm in the traditional method.

[0040] Example 3: Soil-lined cuttings of Golden Sun Apricot germplasm resources in cold and arid regions

[0041] The same cold and arid environment as in Example 1 was selected, characterized by strong winds and abundant sand, with an average annual wind speed of 5.7 m / s and a maximum wind speed exceeding 15 m / s. One-year-old branches of the Golden Sun Apricot, 1.1 cm in diameter, were selected, with terminal buds at the top. These branches were cut to 28 cm in length, retaining 5 plump buds on each section. The base was cut at a 45-degree angle, disinfected by soaking in a 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 4 minutes, and then soaked in a 500 mg / L amylase solution for 10 minutes.

[0042] Rooting slurry was prepared with slight adjustments to the formula. The polyvinyl alcohol content was increased to 1.5% to enhance the protective film's toughness and resistance to wind and sand abrasion, and the sepiolite content was increased to 3% to improve drought resistance. Other components remained the same as in Example 1. The pH of the rooting slurry was adjusted to 6.7 to suit the physiological characteristics of apricot trees, and the water content was 67%. The base of the scion was immersed in the slurry to a depth of 4 cm, wrapped with a thickness of 0.4 cm, and pre-cultured at 18°C ​​for 24 hours.

[0043] Dig a cubic soil ball with sides of 20cm within a 15cm radius around the root zone of the mother plant, and use... The soil was wrapped with polypropylene nonwoven fabric. The water-retaining agent concentration was increased to 0.3%, and 100 mL was injected. In addition to spraying a mixture of 5 g / L potassium humate and 3 g / L chitosan on the surface of the soil mound, a silica sol with a mass concentration of 2 g / L was also sprayed. The silica sol formed a wind-erosion resistant protective layer on the surface of the soil mound. 10 g of mycorrhizal fungus inoculum was added, with a mycorrhizal fungus spore concentration of 50 spores / g.

[0044] The soil clods are secured using a reinforced grid-like wrapping method, the thickness of the coconut coir substrate is increased to 2cm, and 5% bentonite is added to enhance wind erosion resistance. The pH value of the coconut coir substrate is 6.0.

[0045] The planting holes are laid out using a trapezoidal grid with a plant spacing of 5m × 3m to reduce the wind tunnel effect and lower wind speed. In addition to a 5cm thick layer of river sand at the bottom of the holes, a 3cm thick layer of sand barrier soil is added. This sand barrier soil is made of a mixture of fine sand, clay, and organic matter in a 6:3:1 ratio, and has windbreak and sand-fixing properties. The holes are sprayed with a 1.5g / L solution of photocarbon polysaccharide.

[0046] The height of the straw root protection cover was increased to 20cm, and a 2cm thick layer of sand-barrier straw grids was added to the outer layer. This structure can effectively block wind and sand and reduce physical damage to seedlings. A 50cm high triangular windbreak was set up near the ears of seedlings, facing the prevailing wind direction, to further reduce wind and sand damage.

[0047] After transplanting, increase watering to twice the volume of the soil clump, taking into account the high evaporation environment. Cover the topsoil with a 3cm layer of gravel to reduce water evaporation. Increase the burial depth of slow-release fertilizer to 10cm to prevent wind erosion from carrying away the topsoil fertilizer, using 10g per plant. Starting 18 days after transplanting, spray with a mixture of 2g / L sodium humate and 1g / L amino acids, 2.5L per plant each time, once every 7 days, for 3 consecutive times.

[0048] The control group used the same traditional cutting method as in Example 1. After 60 days of observation, the survival rate of this example was 87.2%, while the survival rate of the traditional method was 54.6%, representing an improvement of 59.7%. After the sandstorm period, the leaf integrity of this example was 85.7%, while that of the traditional method was 36.8%. One year after planting, the crown width of this example was 45.3 cm, while that of the traditional method was 23.7 cm.

[0049] Comparative Example 1: Treatment with non-rooting mud

[0050] The same cold and arid environment and pear variety were selected as in Example 1. The scion treatment, soil-bearing excavation, and planting management were all the same as in Example 1. However, the base of the scions was only dipped in commercially available rooting powder containing 0.3% indolebutyric acid, and the composite rooting slurry of this invention was not used. After 60 days of observation, the survival rate was only 65.4%, with 8.5 new roots per plant and a root length of 6.8 cm, significantly lower than the 88.5% survival rate, 15.3 new roots, and 12.7 cm root length of Example 1. This result indicates that the synergistic effect of the microbial activator, humic acid matrix, and moisturizing binder in the rooting slurry is crucial for promoting root development.

[0051] Comparative Example 2: Inoculation with aseptic fungi

[0052] The same environment and the Golden Sun apricot variety were selected as in Example 3. The pretreatment of the cuttings and the planting management were the same as in Example 3, except that no mycorrhizal fungal inoculant was added during the excavation with soil attached. All other treatments were the same. After 60 days of observation, the survival rate was 73.6%, lower than the 87.2% in Example 3. Under continuous drought conditions for 30 days, the relative water content of the leaves in this comparative example was 67.3%, while that in Example 3 was 82.5%, a difference of 15.2 percentage points. This difference verifies the crucial role of mycorrhizal fungi in water absorption and drought resistance. Mycorrhizal fungi form a symbiotic relationship with plant roots, and the mycelium significantly expands the root absorption area, increasing water and nutrient absorption capacity by more than 40%.

[0053] Comparative Example 3: Straw-free biodegradable root protection cover

[0054] The same environment and pear variety were selected as in Example 1. The pretreatment of the cuttings and the digging with soil were also the same as in Example 1. However, in the planting management stage, the straw-degradable root cover was not used; only a 5cm thick organic mulch, i.e., rice straw powder, was laid around the soil ball. All other treatments were the same. After 60 days of observation, the survival rate was 76.3%, lower than the 88.5% of Example 1. Under conditions of 30 consecutive days without effective rainfall during the spring drought, the survival rate of this comparative example was only 63.4%, while that of Example 1 was as high as 95.3%, a difference of 31.9 percentage points. This significant difference indicates that the straw-degradable root cover played a key role in regulating the rhizosphere microenvironment, reducing water evaporation, and providing protection. The soil moisture content inside the root cover was 12 percentage points higher than the outside, and the temperature fluctuation was controlled within 3℃.

[0055] Comparative Example 4: Traditional transplanting method with soil

[0056] Using the traditional method of transplanting with soil, a root ball approximately 20cm in diameter was dug from the base of the mother plant, simply tied with straw rope, and transplanted directly to the new location without any special treatment. The planting hole was the same size as the root ball. After planting, the soil was thoroughly watered, and the hole was covered with straw. Watering was done every 10 days, with no other special management measures. After 60 days of observation, the survival rate was 48.7%, far lower than the 88.5% of Example 1. One year later, the average root length was only 19.5cm, less than half of the 46.7cm of Example 1. The plants showed obvious physiological disorders in the cold and drought environment, such as leaf margin scorching and slow growth, while the plants treated in Example 1 showed good adaptability and growth vigor.

[0057] To comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of the triple-root-protection cutting technique of this invention, systematic tests were conducted on each embodiment and comparative example. The main indicators included survival rate, root development, stress resistance, and long-term growth potential. The test results are summarized in Tables 1 to 3.

[0058] Table 1 Comparison of survival rates for different treatment methods

[0059]

[0060] Table 2 Comparison of root development under different treatments

[0061]

[0062] Note: The number of new roots is measured in units of one root per plant, and the root length is measured in cm.

[0063] Table 3 Comparison of stress resistance performance of different treatment methods

[0064]

[0065] Note: The stress resistance index is a comprehensive score of indicators such as relative water content, chlorophyll content, and root activity of plants after 14 days of continuous exposure to specific adverse conditions, with a full score of 1.0.

[0066] The test results above show that the triple-root-protection cutting technique of this invention significantly improved the survival rate of fruit tree germplasm resources under various cold and arid environmental conditions, with an average increase of over 50%. Regarding root development, the cuttings treated with this invention showed an average increase of over 100% in both the number and length of new roots, laying a solid foundation for long-term plant growth. Stress resistance tests showed that under various adverse conditions such as drought, low temperature, and wind erosion, the plants treated with this invention exhibited significantly higher stress resistance than the control, with an average increase in the stress resistance index of approximately 70%.

[0067] The significant technical effect of this invention stems from the synergistic mechanism of the triple root protection technology. The first layer of protection is the scion pretreatment system, which hydrolyzes starch near the cut into soluble sugars through amylase pretreatment. These soluble sugars, as energy substances, directly participate in root primordia differentiation and simultaneously act as osmotic regulators to enhance cellular stress resistance. The combination of indolebutyric acid and naphthaleneacetic acid in the rooting slurry triggers root primordia formation and differentiation. The synergistic effect of these two growth regulators increases the rooting rate by 35% compared to using either one alone. The phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the rhizosphere microbial activator constitute a synergistic micro-ecosystem. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria secrete organic acids to soluble... Phosphate is converted into soluble phosphate, potassium-solubilizing bacteria decompose potassium minerals to release potassium, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria fix nitrogen from the air. The synergistic effect of these three bacteria increases the concentration of available nutrients in the rhizosphere by more than 50%. The humic acid matrix has good chelating ability and can promote the activation of trace elements. The porous structure of lignite-derived activated carbon provides attachment sites for microorganisms. Sodium alginate's gel-forming ability stabilizes the rooting mud structure. The moisturizing adhesive forms a semi-permeable membrane on the cut surface, which can both keep the soil moist and facilitate gas exchange. This membrane structure reduces the transpiration rate of water at the cut by 60%.

[0068] The second layer of protection is the soil-in-place excavation technique, which preserves the original micro-ecosystem around the plant roots, including the root symbiotic microorganisms and mycorrhizal fungi network. Mycorrhizal fungi mycelia, with a diameter of only 2 to 5 micrometers, can penetrate tiny soil pores, expanding the effective absorption range of the roots by 5 to 10 times. Mycorrhizal fungi can also secrete substances such as globulin to improve soil structure, increasing soil aggregate stability by 40%. The carboxyl and amide groups on the polyacrylamide water-retaining agent molecular chain can adsorb a large number of water molecules through hydrogen bonding, forming a three-dimensional network structure. Under drought conditions, this slowly releases water, extending the effective moisture content of the soil clump for 7 to 10 days without external water supply. Potassium humate not only promotes soil colloid formation, but its aromatic structure and active groups such as carboxyl groups can adsorb and slowly release nutrients. The acetylglucosamine unit in chitin molecules can induce plant defense responses and improve disease resistance. The fibrous structure of coconut coir substrate provides good air permeability, while its high water-holding porosity of over 60% provides a water-air balanced growth environment for the roots.

[0069] The third layer of protection is the straw degradation root protection cover. Through fermentation treatment with white rot fungi, the lignin in the straw is degraded into small molecule phenolic compounds. These compounds have antioxidant and antibacterial effects, increasing the straw's water-holding capacity by 80% and aeration by 45%. Montmorillonite's layered silicate structure has strong adsorption and slow-release capabilities, with a cation exchange capacity exceeding 90 cmol / kg, enabling it to adsorb nutrients and release them slowly. Fulvic acid, as the active component of humic acid, has a molecular weight of less than 2000 Daltons, making it easily absorbed by plants, promoting microbial activity, and accelerating organic matter transformation. Sepiolite's fibrous structure and abundant pores provide excellent water retention, with a specific surface area reaching [missing information]. The above describes the composite root protection cover. Under conditions where the external temperature fluctuates by more than 10°C, the internal temperature fluctuation is controlled within 3°C. Under continuous drought conditions, the soil moisture content inside the root protection cover is 10 to 15 percentage points higher than that outside. At the same time, the porous structure ensures the gas exchange required for root respiration, and the soil oxygen concentration is maintained above 15%.

[0070] The synergistic effect of the triple root protection technology is manifested in the following ways: pretreatment of the panicle establishes the physiological basis for root development; digging with soil maintains the integrity of the rhizosphere microecology; and the straw-degradable root cover provides a stable external environment. These three elements work together to form a comprehensive protection system from the microscopic to the macroscopic level. At the molecular level, rooting regulators and endogenous hormones synergistically regulate gene expression, promoting a 2-3 fold increase in the expression of root primordia-related genes such as WOX and LBD. At the cellular level, soluble sugars provide energy to support cell division, and microbial metabolites such as cytokinins promote root cell proliferation. At the tissue level, the mycorrhizal fungal network expands the nutrient absorption range, and water-retaining agents maintain the water balance around the roots. At the individual level, the root cover stabilizes the above-ground and below-ground environments, reducing the impact of environmental stress on the plant. This multi-level synergistic mechanism enables the technology of this invention to maintain a high survival rate of over 85% even in extreme environments of cold and arid regions, significantly better than the lower than 60% survival rate of traditional methods.

[0071] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for establishing a pear, plum or apricot germplasm resource orchard by soil cutting of branch strips, characterized in that, It comprises the following steps: The cutting is pre-treated by selecting one-year-old branches with a diameter of 0.8 cm to 1.2 cm, making a 45-degree bevel cut at the base of the cutting, and soaking the cutting in a 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 3 minutes to 5 minutes for disinfection. After disinfection, the cutting incision is soaked in a 500 mg / L amylase solution for 10 minutes to hydrolyze the starch near the incision into soluble sugar to provide initial rooting energy. Then, the cutting is soaked in a rooting mud containing humic acid and growth regulators to a depth of 3 cm to 5 cm, with a wrapping thickness of 0.3 cm to 0.5 cm. The rooting mud is prepared by the following components in dry weight percentage: rhizosphere microbial activator, including phosphorus solubilizing bacteria , potassium solubilizing bacteria , and nitrogen-fixing bacteria ; humic acid matrix, including 15% sodium humate, 5% activated carbon from lignite, and 2% sodium alginate; growth regulators, including 0.3% indole-3-butyric acid, 0.1% naphthaleneacetic acid, and 1.5% seaweed extract; and a moisture-retaining adhesive, including 3% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 1% polyvinyl alcohol, and 2% glycerol. The pH value of the rooting mud is adjusted to 6.3 to 6.7, and the water content is controlled at 65% to 70%. The treated cutting is placed in an environment of 18°C to 22°C for pre-culture for 24 hours to promote callus formation. The soil digging, the soil block is dug in the range of 15 cm radius of the original plant rhizosphere, a cube soil block with 20 cm side length is formed, the soil block is wrapped with 40 g / m2 polypropylene non-woven fabric, 100 mL of polyacrylamide water retaining agent solution with mass concentration of 0.2% is injected into the soil block, a mixed solution of potassium humate 5 g / L and chitin 3 g / L is sprayed on the surface layer of the soil block, and mycorrhizal fungus inoculant 10 g is added, the mycorrhizal fungus spore concentration in the mycorrhizal fungus inoculant is 50 spores / g, the soil digging further comprises a soil block fixing and protecting step, the soil block is fixed by being wrapped with a well-shaped degradable hemp rope, a 1 cm thick water retaining cotton layer is laid at the bottom of the soil block, a 1.5 cm thick coconut coir substrate is wrapped outside the soil block, and the pH value of the coconut coir substrate is 5.8 to 6.2; The planting management, planting holes are dug according to the grid layout of 3 m x 4 m spacing, the planting hole has a diameter of 30 cm and a depth of 40 cm, a 5 cm thick river sand layer is laid at the bottom of the planting hole, the river sand particle size is 0.5 mm to 2 mm, a light carbon polysaccharide solution with a mass concentration of 1.5 g / L is sprayed on the hole wall of the planting hole to cover the whole hole wall to form a protective film to reduce water side seepage loss, a straw degradable root protection cover is arranged around the planting hole, the straw degradable root protection cover is made by: the wheat straw is crushed to a length of 3 cm to 5 cm, soaked in a potassium hydroxide solution with a mass concentration of 2% for 12 hours, inoculated with white rot fungi, the inoculation amount of the white rot fungi is 0.5% of the dry weight of the straw, fermented in an environment of 25 DEG C to 28 DEG C for 7 days, and the water content is kept at 60% to 65%; the fermented straw is mixed with montmorillonite 5%, fulvic acid 3% and sepiolite 2%, and the water content of the mixture is controlled at 50% to 55%; the mixture is pressed into a cylindrical root protection cover with a diameter of 25 cm, a height of 15 cm and a wall thickness of 2 cm; during use, the root protection cover is placed around the planting hole, the top end is 2 cm above the ground, and immediately after planting, water is poured, the amount is 1.5 times the volume of the soil block, and 10 g of slow-release fertilizer strip is buried between the root protection cover and the soil block per plant; The three steps of the ear strip pretreatment, soil digging and planting management form a three-layer root protection soil cutting technology system, the ear strip pretreatment establishes the physiological energy basis of root development by amylase pretreatment, and cooperates with the synergistic effect of rhizosphere microorganism activator, humic acid substrate and moisture retaining adhesive in the rooting mud, the soil digging retains the original plant rhizosphere microecosystem and mycorrhizal fungus network, and cooperates with a multi-layer protection structure to maintain the rhizosphere microecological integrity, and the planting management drains water through the river sand layer, prevents water side seepage through the light carbon polysaccharide protective film, adjusts the rhizosphere temperature and humidity and prevents wind and sand through the straw degradable root protection cover, three links from the microcosmic physiological and biochemical basis, the medium rhizosphere microecological protection to the macroscopic environmental regulation, through the synergistic effect of the rhizosphere microenvironment protection, the straw degradable root protection cover heat preservation and wind prevention and the precise water and fertilizer management, the survival rate of the ear cutting of the pear, plum and apricot deciduous fruit tree germplasm resources in the cold and arid region is increased from less than 60% of the traditional method to more than 85%.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, The selection of the scion in the pre-treatment of the scion is as follows: the semi-lignified middle branch of the pear tree is selected, the length is 25cm to 30cm, and 4 to 6 full bud points are provided; the lignified base branch of the plum tree is selected, the length is 25cm to 30cm, and 4 to 6 full bud points are provided; the top branch with the terminal bud of the apricot tree is selected, the length is 25cm to 30cm, and 4 to 6 full bud points are provided.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, The nutrient mass ratio of the slow-release fertilizer strip is 15:10:15 of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; 15 to 20 days after planting, a mixed solution of humic acid sodium 2g / L and amino acid 1g / L is sprayed, which is applied once every 7 days, and is continuously applied for 3 times, and the dosage is 2L to 3L per plant each time; after survival, seaweed acid solution with a mass concentration of 1g / L is applied according to the phenophase.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, Special climate response measures are also included: in cold seasons, the mixture of sawdust and sheep manure with a volume ratio of 3:1 is filled in the root protection cover; in dry seasons, 200mL of moisturizing gel, which is a polyacrylic acid potassium solution with a mass concentration of 0.3%, is injected into the root protection cover; in windy and sandy weather, a windproof board with a height of 40cm is set 1m above the root protection cover.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the method is characterized by, Parameter adjustment is made for different fruit tree species: when the plum tree germplasm is preserved, trehalose with a mass concentration of 0.5% is added to the rooting mud, the size of the soil lump is increased to a cube with a side length of 25cm, and a grass curtain heat preservation layer with a thickness of 2.5cm is added outside the root protection cover; when the apricot tree germplasm is preserved, a sand barrier grass square with a thickness of 2cm is added outside the root protection cover, the height of the root protection cover is increased to 20cm, and a triangular windproof baffle with a height of 50cm is set near the scion.

Images