Planting method of selenium-rich rhizoma polygonati

Abstract

The invention provides a planting method of selenium-enriched rhizoma polygonati, and belongs to the technical field of planting of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. The planting method of the selenium-rich rhizoma polygonati comprises the following steps: cleaning forest land, deeply ploughing, applying a selenium-rich additive as a base fertilizer, bedding or punching according to topographic conditions, planting rhizoma polygonati seedlings, and watering 3-5 days after planting; weeding is carried out once in the seedling emergence stage and the early flowering stage from April to October respectively; topdressing is conducted after weeding, the first time of topdressing is conducted in early spring in combination with intertillage, ditch cleaning and ridging, selenium-rich additives are applied, the second time of topdressing is conducted after the overground part is withered in autumn, and the selenium-rich additives are applied continuously and circularly for 3 years. By adding the selenium-rich additive, the growth cycle of the rhizoma polygonati can be shortened, the biomass of the rhizoma polygonati can be increased, meanwhile, the polysaccharide content and the protein content of the rhizoma polygonati are high, and large-scale enrichment of organic selenium can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of Chinese medicinal herb cultivation technology, and in particular relates to a method for cultivating selenium-enriched Polygonatum sibiricum. Background Technology

[0002] Polygonatum, belonging to the genus Polygonatum in the family Liliaceae, is a perennial herb, commonly known as Qiannianyun, Jiuzhengjiang, Yuzhu Huangjing, Jiangxing Huangjing, and Yeshanjiang, and occupies a pivotal position in traditional Chinese medicine. Its dried rhizome is widely used to treat various ailments, such as spleen and stomach qi deficiency, fatigue, stomach yin deficiency, dry mouth and poor appetite, lung deficiency and dry cough, consumptive cough with hemoptysis, deficiency of essence and blood, soreness and weakness of the lower back and knees, premature graying of hair, and internal heat and thirst. With the increasing health awareness and growing acceptance of traditional Chinese medicine, the demand for Polygonatum in the Chinese medicinal materials market and the health food sector continues to grow due to its significant medicinal effects and its "medicine and food homology" characteristics.

[0003] Selenium, an essential trace element for the human body, possesses important physiological functions such as anti-oxidation, enhanced immunity, and cancer prevention. Meanwhile, Polygonatum sibiricum itself has medicinal value, including tonifying qi and nourishing yin, strengthening the spleen and moistening the lungs. The combination of these two elements makes selenium-enriched Polygonatum sibiricum exhibit even greater value in the fields of medicine, health care, and food. However, cultivating selenium-enriched Polygonatum sibiricum presents more specific technical requirements and challenges. Insufficient selenium supplementation will not meet the selenium enrichment standard, while excessive supplementation may have toxic effects on its growth. Furthermore, the timing and method of selenium supplementation also affect the absorption and utilization rate of selenium by Polygonatum sibiricum. Currently, there is no unified and efficient selenium supplementation technical standard. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for cultivating selenium-enriched Polygonatum.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention provides a method for cultivating selenium-enriched Polygonatum, comprising the following steps:

[0007] 1) Clear the forest land, deep plow it, apply selenium-enriched additives as base fertilizer, make ridges or dig holes according to the terrain, plant Solomon's seal seedlings, and water them 3-5 days after planting.

[0008] 2) Weeding should be carried out once each during the seedling emergence period and the pre-flowering period, from April to October;

[0009] 3) Apply topdressing after weeding. The first topdressing is applied in early spring in conjunction with cultivation, ditch clearing and hilling, with selenium-enriched additives. The second topdressing is applied in autumn after the above-ground parts wither, with selenium-enriched additives applied continuously for 3 years.

[0010] The selenium-enriched additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 150-250 parts of plantain, 150-250 parts of astragalus, 150-250 parts of yam, 150-250 parts of ginseng leaf, 150-250 parts of poria cocos, and 0.1-0.3 parts of selenium-enriched material; the selenium-enriched material comprises sodium selenite and sodium selenate, wherein the mass ratio of sodium selenite to sodium selenate is 1:1-3.

[0011] Preferably, the application rate of the selenium-enriched additive in steps 1) and 3) is 0.5–1.5 kg / m³. 2 .

[0012] Preferably, the light transmittance of the forest in step 1) is 35% to 55%, and the depth of deep tillage is 20 to 30 cm.

[0013] Preferably, the width of the ridge in step 1) is 120-140cm and the height of the ridge is 10-20cm.

[0014] Preferably, when digging holes, the terrain described in step 1) is a high mountain with a large slope or a forest that is not suitable for digging.

[0015] Preferably, the planting spacing in step 1) is 15-35 × 20-40 cm.

[0016] Preferably, the tree species in the forest mentioned in step 1) include coniferous forests and broad-leaved forests, and the coniferous forests include Chinese fir and Masson pine.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] The production technology of this invention is economical and convenient, and can be cultivated in inexpensive mountainous and hilly areas, without being limited by the availability of selenium-rich soil. Adding selenium-enriched additives not only shortens the growth cycle of Polygonatum sibiricum but also increases its biomass. Simultaneously, Polygonatum sibiricum has high polysaccharide and protein content, enabling the large-scale enrichment of organic selenium. The produced Polygonatum sibiricum is rich in selenium; after selenium-enriched cultivation, its own medicinal active substances levels increase, resulting in rich nutritional value, high yield, good taste, and greater health benefits, making it suitable for long-term consumption and addressing selenium deficiency in most people. The selenium in selenium-enriched Polygonatum sibiricum mainly exists in the form of selenium polysaccharides, selenoproteins, and selenonucleic acid, possessing antioxidant and immune-enhancing effects, and can improve human immunity and resistance, leveraging the multiple benefits of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides and selenium. Detailed Implementation

[0019] This invention provides a method for cultivating selenium-enriched Polygonatum, comprising the following steps:

[0020] 1) Clear the forest land, deep plow it, apply selenium-enriched additives as base fertilizer, make ridges or dig holes according to the terrain, plant Solomon's seal seedlings, and water them 3-5 days after planting.

[0021] 2) Weeding should be carried out once each during the seedling emergence period and the pre-flowering period, from April to October;

[0022] 3) Apply topdressing after weeding. The first topdressing is applied in early spring in conjunction with cultivation, ditch clearing and hilling, with selenium-enriched additives. The second topdressing is applied in autumn after the above-ground parts wither, with selenium-enriched additives applied continuously for 3 years.

[0023] The selenium-enriched additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 150-250 parts of plantain, 150-250 parts of astragalus, 150-250 parts of yam, 150-250 parts of ginseng leaf, 150-250 parts of poria cocos, and 0.1-0.3 parts of selenium-enriched material; the selenium-enriched material comprises sodium selenite and sodium selenate, wherein the mass ratio of sodium selenite to sodium selenate is preferably 1:1-3, more preferably 1:1.5-2.5, and even more preferably 1:2;

[0024] The preferred dosage of the plantain is 180-220 parts, more preferably 200 parts; the preferred dosage of the astragalus is 180-220 parts, more preferably 200 parts; the preferred dosage of the yam is 180-220 parts, more preferably 200 parts; the preferred dosage of the ginseng leaf is 180-220 parts, more preferably 200 parts; the preferred dosage of the poria is 180-220 parts, more preferably 200 parts; and the preferred dosage of the selenium is 0.15 parts.

[0025] In this invention, forest land is cleared, deeply tilled, and a selenium-enriched additive is applied as base fertilizer. Depending on the terrain, raised beds or holes are made, and *Polygonatum sibiricum* seedlings are planted. Watering is done 3-5 days after planting. The forest tree species include coniferous and broad-leaved forests, with the coniferous forests including *Cunninghamia lanceolata* and *Pinus massoniana*. The light transmittance of the forest is preferably 35%-55%, more preferably 40%-50%, and even more preferably 45%. The depth of deep tillage is preferably 20-30 cm, more preferably 22-28 cm, and even more preferably 25 cm. The application rate of the selenium-enriched additive is preferably 0.5-1.5 kg / m². 2 Further preferred is 0.8–1.2 kg / m³. 2 A further preferred value is 1kg / m 2The planting holes should be dug in mountainous areas with steep slopes or in forest land where digging is not advisable. The width of the planting bed is preferably 120-140cm, more preferably 125-135cm, and even more preferably 130cm. The height of the planting bed is preferably 10-20cm, more preferably 12-18cm, and even more preferably 15cm. The planting time is from October to early December. The planting spacing is preferably 15-35×20-40cm, more preferably 20-30×25-35cm, and even more preferably 25×30cm. The Solomon's seal seedlings are preferably free from disease and rot, with robust sprouts and well-developed root systems.

[0026] In this invention, weeding is carried out once each during the seedling stage and the pre-flowering stage, from April to October.

[0027] In this invention, topdressing is applied after weeding. The first topdressing is done in early spring, combined with cultivation, ditch clearing, and hilling, using a selenium-enriched additive. The second topdressing is done in autumn after the above-ground parts have withered, using the selenium-enriched additive again. This fertilization cycle is repeated for three years. The preferred application rate of the selenium-enriched additive is 0.5–1.5 kg / m³. 2 Further preferred is 0.8–1.2 kg / m³. 2 A further preferred value is 1kg / m 2 Harvesting takes place 3 years after fertilization, with the harvest season being autumn, specifically from September to November.

[0028] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] Selenium-enriched additives: 200g plantain, 200g astragalus, 200g yam, 200g ginseng leaves, 200g poria cocos, 150mg selenium (sodium selenite and sodium selenate in a mass ratio of 1:2).

[0031] Polygonatum seedlings

[0032] Free from disease and rot, with robust sprouts and well-developed root systems, the rhizomes of Polygonatum multiflorum are free from disease and rot.

[0033] Origin Environment

[0034] The area has a subtropical humid monsoon climate, characterized by cool, shady, and humid mountainous terrain. The climate is mild, with an average annual temperature of 17±0.2℃ and an average frost-free period of 220±10 days. It enjoys abundant sunshine, with an average annual sunshine duration exceeding 1900 hours. Rainfall is plentiful, with an average annual precipitation exceeding 1400 mm and an average annual relative humidity of around 79%. The soil type is primarily sandy loam, supplemented by clay. The soil is fertile; the soil pH value is 5.5–6.5; and the soil environment should comply with the requirements of GB15618.

[0035] Planting methods

[0036] Choose shady mountainous or forested areas at an altitude of 100–800m with a slope of less than 25 degrees. Tree species should be coniferous forests such as Chinese fir and Masson pine, and broad-leaved forests such as Fagaceae plants.

[0037] Thin out excess trees, prune branches below 2 meters, clear shrubs and weeds, and adjust the light transmittance of the forest stand to 45%. Where possible, deep plow the soil to a depth of 25 cm to mix the subsoil with the topsoil and improve soil aeration. Before planting, deep plow the soil to a depth of 25 cm and apply 1 kg of selenium-enriched additive per square meter as base fertilizer during land preparation. Make raised beds according to the terrain, 130 cm wide and 15 cm high. For areas with steep slopes or forest land unsuitable for plowing, to prevent soil erosion, remove weeds and shrubs according to the natural topography, and plant large seedlings directly in holes while maintaining light penetration, planting sequentially from the bottom of the mountain upwards, leaving a 5-meter interval for management access.

[0038] Planting should be done on October 30th. Rake the soil finely and level it to create raised beds, spaced 25 x 30 cm apart. Plant in furrows 6 cm deep. When planting, place the seedlings with the root bud facing upwards, cover with soil until level with the bed surface, and water again 4 days after planting to promote survival. A layer of sawdust or crushed straw can be used as a base.

[0039] From April 10th to October 20th, weed as needed based on the weed condition in the field. Generally, weeding should be done once during the seedling stage and once before flowering. Weeding is not recommended during the high temperatures of July and August. When weeding and loosening the soil, try to avoid damaging the roots and mound soil around the roots appropriately.

[0040] The field should be kept moist. In summer, sprinkler irrigation or watering is recommended to ensure soil moisture. Before the rainy season, deep ditches should be cleared, and attention should be paid to drainage and waterlogging prevention. Topdressing should be carried out annually in conjunction with weeding and cultivation. The first topdressing should be done in early spring in conjunction with cultivation, ditch clearing, and hilling, with 1 kg of selenium-enriched additive per square meter. The second topdressing should be done in autumn after the above-ground parts have withered, with 1 kg of selenium-enriched additive per square meter. This fertilization cycle should be repeated for 3 years.

[0041] Harvesting is done in autumn, starting on November 5th when the above-ground stems and leaves of plants that have been cultivated for more than 3 years wither. When harvesting the rhizomes, dig them up along the planting direction with soil attached, allow them to air dry briefly, then remove the soil, taking care not to damage the rhizomes. Harvesting should be done on sunny or partly cloudy days.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] Selenium-enriched additives: 150g plantain, 150g astragalus, 150g yam, 150g ginseng leaves, 150g poria cocos, and 100mg selenium (sodium selenite and sodium selenate in a 1:1 mass ratio).

[0044] Polygonatum seedlings

[0045] Free from disease and rot, with robust sprouts and well-developed root systems, the rhizomes of Polygonatum multiflorum are free from disease and rot.

[0046] Origin Environment

[0047] The area has a subtropical humid monsoon climate, characterized by cool, shady, and humid mountainous terrain. The climate is mild, with an average annual temperature of 17±0.2℃ and an average frost-free period of 220±10 days. It enjoys abundant sunshine, with an average annual sunshine duration exceeding 1900 hours. Rainfall is plentiful, with an average annual precipitation exceeding 1400 mm and an average annual relative humidity of around 79%. The soil type is primarily sandy loam, supplemented by clay. The soil is fertile; the soil pH value is 5.5–6.5; and the soil environment should comply with the requirements of GB15618.

[0048] Planting methods

[0049] Choose shady mountainous or forested areas at an altitude of 100–800m with a slope of less than 25 degrees. Tree species should be coniferous forests such as Chinese fir and Masson pine, and broad-leaved forests such as Fagaceae plants.

[0050] Thin out excess trees, prune branches below 2 meters, clear shrubs and weeds, and adjust the light transmittance of the forest stand to 35%. Where possible, deep plow the soil to a depth of 20 cm to mix the subsoil with the topsoil and improve soil aeration. Before planting, deep plow the soil to a depth of 20 cm and apply 0.5 kg of selenium-enriched additive per square meter as base fertilizer during land preparation. Make raised beds according to the terrain, 120 cm wide and 10 cm high. For areas with steep slopes or forest land unsuitable for plowing, to prevent soil erosion, remove weeds and shrubs according to the natural topography, and plant large seedlings directly in holes while maintaining light penetration, planting sequentially from the bottom of the mountain upwards, leaving a 4-meter interval for access and management.

[0051] Planting should be done on October 30th. Rake the soil finely and level it to create raised beds, spaced 15 x 20 cm apart. Plant in furrows 5 cm deep. When planting, place the seedlings with the root bud facing upwards, cover with soil until level with the bed surface, and water again 3 days after planting to promote survival. A layer of sawdust or crushed straw can be used as a base.

[0052] From April 10th to October 20th, weed as needed based on the weed condition in the field. Generally, weeding should be done once during the seedling stage and once before flowering. Weeding is not recommended during the high temperatures of July and August. When weeding and loosening the soil, try to avoid damaging the roots and mound soil around the roots appropriately.

[0053] The field should be kept moist. In summer, sprinkler irrigation or watering is recommended to ensure soil moisture. Before the rainy season, deep ditches should be cleared to ensure drainage and prevent waterlogging. Topdressing should be applied annually in conjunction with weeding and cultivation. The first topdressing should be done in early spring, combined with cultivation, ditch clearing, and hilling, with 0.5 kg of selenium-enriched additive per square meter. The second topdressing should be done in autumn after the above-ground parts have withered, with 0.5 kg of selenium-enriched additive per square meter. This fertilization cycle should be repeated for 3 years.

[0054] Harvesting is done in autumn, starting on November 5th when the above-ground stems and leaves of plants that have been cultivated for more than 3 years wither. When harvesting the rhizomes, dig them up along the planting direction with soil attached, allow them to air dry briefly, then remove the soil, taking care not to damage the rhizomes. Harvesting should be done on sunny or partly cloudy days.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] Selenium-enriched additives: 250g plantain, 250g astragalus, 250g yam, 250g ginseng leaves, 250g poria cocos, and 300mg selenium (sodium selenite and sodium selenate in a mass ratio of 1:3).

[0057] Polygonatum seedlings

[0058] Free from disease and rot, with robust sprouts and well-developed root systems, the rhizomes of Polygonatum multiflorum are free from disease and rot.

[0059] Origin Environment

[0060] The area has a subtropical humid monsoon climate, characterized by cool, shady, and humid mountainous terrain. The climate is mild, with an average annual temperature of 17±0.2℃ and an average frost-free period of 220±10 days. It enjoys abundant sunshine, with an average annual sunshine duration exceeding 1900 hours. Rainfall is plentiful, with an average annual precipitation exceeding 1400 mm and an average annual relative humidity of around 79%. The soil type is primarily sandy loam, supplemented by clay. The soil is fertile; the soil pH value is 5.5–6.5; and the soil environment should comply with the requirements of GB15618.

[0061] Planting methods

[0062] Choose shady mountainous or forested areas at an altitude of 100–800m with a slope of less than 25 degrees. Tree species should be coniferous forests such as Chinese fir and Masson pine, and broad-leaved forests such as Fagaceae plants.

[0063] Thin out excess trees, prune branches below 2 meters, clear shrubs and weeds, and adjust the light transmittance of the forest stand to 55%. Where possible, deep plow the soil to a depth of 30 cm to mix the subsoil with the topsoil and improve soil aeration. Before planting, deep plow the soil to a depth of 30 cm and apply 1.5 kg of selenium-enriched additive per square meter as base fertilizer during land preparation. Make raised beds according to the terrain, 140 cm wide and 20 cm high. For areas with steep slopes or forest land unsuitable for plowing, to prevent soil erosion, remove weeds and shrubs according to the natural topography, and plant large seedlings directly in holes while maintaining light penetration, planting sequentially from the bottom of the mountain upwards, leaving a 5-meter interval for management access.

[0064] Planting should be done on October 30th. Rake the soil finely and level it to create raised beds, spaced 25 x 30 cm apart. Plant in furrows 7 cm deep. When planting, place the seedlings with the root bud facing upwards, cover with soil until level with the bed surface, and water again 5 days after planting to promote survival. A layer of sawdust or crushed straw can be used as a base.

[0065] From April 10th to October 20th, weed as needed based on the weed condition in the field. Generally, weeding should be done once during the seedling stage and once before flowering. Weeding is not recommended during the high temperatures of July and August. When weeding and loosening the soil, try to avoid damaging the roots and mound soil around the roots appropriately.

[0066] The field should be kept moist. In summer, sprinkler irrigation or watering is recommended to ensure soil moisture. Before the rainy season, deep ditches should be cleared to ensure drainage and prevent waterlogging. Topdressing should be applied annually in conjunction with weeding and cultivation. The first topdressing should be done in early spring, combined with cultivation, ditch clearing, and hilling, with 1.5 kg of selenium-enriched additive per square meter. The second topdressing should be done in autumn after the above-ground parts have withered, with 1.5 kg of selenium-enriched additive per square meter. This fertilization cycle should be repeated for 3 years.

[0067] Harvesting is done in autumn, starting on November 5th when the above-ground stems and leaves of plants that have been cultivated for more than 3 years wither. When harvesting the rhizomes, dig them up along the planting direction with soil attached, allow them to air dry briefly, then remove the soil, taking care not to damage the rhizomes. Harvesting should be done on sunny or partly cloudy days.

[0068] Comparative Example 1

[0069] The difference from Example 1 is that "selenium-enriched additives" are replaced with "selenium-free fertilizer (200g plantain, 200g astragalus, 200g yam, 200g ginseng leaves, 200g poria cocos)".

[0070] Experimental Example 1

[0071] The Polygonatum harvested in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were rinsed with clean water to remove impurities such as soil and fibrous roots, drained, and sorted by size. After washing, they were sun-dried or oven-dried, and the fibrous roots were removed. Each batch of harvested Polygonatum should be randomly sampled for selenium content testing according to standard requirements. The selenium content detection method was based on GB 5009.93-2017 National Food Safety Standard - Determination of Selenium in Food.

[0072] Experimental results are shown in Table 1.

[0073] Table 1. Total selenium content in Polygonatum sibiricum under different treatment groups

[0074] deal with Total selenium content Example 1 0.2 mg / kg Comparative Example 1 Not detected

[0075] As shown in Table 1, the total selenium content of Polygonatum grown using the method in Example 1 is significantly higher than that in Comparative Document 1. This demonstrates that the present invention, by adding selenium-enriched additives, not only shortens the growth cycle of Polygonatum but also increases its biomass. Furthermore, the high content of Polygonatum polysaccharides and proteins allows for the large-scale enrichment of organic selenium, significantly increasing the selenium content in Polygonatum.

[0076] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating selenium-enriched Polygonatum, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Clear the forest land, deep plow it, apply selenium-enriched additives as base fertilizer, make ridges or dig holes according to the terrain, plant Solomon's seal seedlings, and water them 3-5 days after planting. 2) Weeding should be carried out once each during the seedling emergence period and the pre-flowering period, from April to October; 3) Apply topdressing after weeding. The first topdressing is applied in early spring in conjunction with cultivation, ditch clearing and hilling, with selenium-enriched additives. The second topdressing is applied in autumn after the above-ground parts wither, with selenium-enriched additives applied continuously for 3 years. The selenium-enriched additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 150-250 parts of plantain, 150-250 parts of astragalus, 150-250 parts of yam, 150-250 parts of ginseng leaf, 150-250 parts of poria cocos, and 0.1-0.3 parts of selenium-enriched material; the selenium-enriched material comprises sodium selenite and sodium selenate, wherein the mass ratio of sodium selenite to sodium selenate is 1:1-3.

2. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The application rate of the selenium-enriched additive in steps 1) and 3) is 0.5–1.5 kg / m³. 2 .

3. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 1) The light transmittance in the forest is 35% to 55%, and the depth of deep tillage is 20 to 30 cm.

4. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 1) The width of the ridge is 120-140cm and the height of the ridge is 10-20cm.

5. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 1) describes digging holes in areas with high mountains and steep slopes, or in woodlands where digging is not advisable.

6. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The planting spacing in step 1) is 15-35 cm × 20-40 cm.

7. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 1) The tree species in the forest include coniferous forests and broad-leaved forests, and the coniferous forests include Chinese fir and Masson pine.