Method for out-of-season regulation and control of blooming of curcuma alismatifolia

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for out-of-season regulation and control of blooming of curcuma alismatifolia. Comprising the following steps: after planting curcuma alismatifolia, applying a gibberellin antagonist or a gibberellin inhibitor in a vegetative growth period; light supplementation is started before the illumination in the greenhouse is lower than a light compensation point, light supplementation is conducted for 3.5-4.5 hours every day, and the light supplementation intensity is 80-100 mu mol / m < 2 > s; after field planting, the temperature of the greenhouse in the daytime is not lower than 20 DEG C, and the temperature at night is not lower than 15 DEG C. By controlling the temperature and prolonging the illumination, the method for regulating and controlling the blooming of the curcuma alismatifolia in an out-of-season mode is established, out-of-season cultivation of the curcuma alismatifolia is achieved, the curcuma alismatifolia can bloom before the spring festival and appear on the market during the spring festival, the requirements of people for flower appreciation and flower using in festivals are met, and the flower market in the festivals is enriched.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of flower cultivation technology, and in particular to a method for regulating the flowering of ginger lily out of season. Background Technology

[0002] Ginger lotus ( Curcuma alismafotia Ginger lily (Curcuma longa) is a tropical perennial herbaceous bulbous flowering plant belonging to the genus Curcuma in the ginger family (Zingiberaceae). Native to the Chiang Mai area of ​​Thailand, it is a typical tropical plant that thrives in warm, humid climates and is not cold-hardy. Its optimal growth temperature is 20-32℃, with 20-25℃ being the most suitable. High temperatures and long days are necessary for its flowering. Due to its unique flower shape, vibrant colors, beautiful bracts, and long blooming period, it is highly favored and is one of the most ornamental high-end cut flowers in the genus Curcuma. In the Netherlands, the flower kingdom, ginger lily is considered a rare and high-end flower variety, known as the "tropical tulip." Currently, ginger lily has become one of the main cut flower varieties in Guangdong, Fujian, and Hainan provinces of my country.

[0003] In Guangdong, ginger lilies bloom from June to October. In November, as temperatures drop, the above-ground parts wither and leaves fall, while the underground bulbs enter dormancy. The flowering season coincides with the off-season for flower sales, which doesn't align with people's holiday flower-buying habits. The Spring Festival is the peak season for flower sales. How to extend the flowering period of ginger lilies, delay winter dormancy, or even prevent them from going dormant during winter, through innovative cultivation techniques, so that ginger lilies can be available during the Spring Festival, is a direction that current and future research on ginger lilies needs to focus on. This invention uses a comprehensive temperature and light control technology to enable ginger lilies to bloom during the Spring Festival, meeting people's needs for enjoying and using flowers during the holiday. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a method for regulating the flowering of ginger lily out of season, so that ginger lily can bloom and be sold before the Spring Festival.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: A method for regulating the flowering of ginger lily flowers out of season, characterized by the following steps: In the greenhouse, after planting ginger lilies, apply gibberellin antagonists or gibberellin inhibitors during the vegetative growth period. Supplemental lighting should begin before the light intensity inside the greenhouse falls below the light compensation point, for 3.5–4.5 hours per day, at an intensity of 80–100 μmol / m². 2 •s; After transplanting, ensure that the temperature in the greenhouse is not lower than 20℃ during the day and not lower than 18℃ at night.

[0006] The excessive growth of ginger lily caused by low winter light can be regulated by applying gibberellin antagonists or gibberellin inhibitors.

[0007] Supplemental lighting is done before sunset, before the light intensity inside the greenhouse drops below the light compensation point. The purpose is to start supplemental lighting before sunset to prevent the stomata from being completely closed and then being induced to open again, which would take a long time and thus waste light.

[0008] Preferably, the ginger lily variety is 'Purple Shadow', 'Butterfly', 'Green Chocolate', 'Sunset', 'Sunrise', 'Evening Glow', 'Samba', 'Stone', or 'Spring'.

[0009] Preferably, ginger lilies are planted in early June, and a final pruning is carried out 25 to 30 days before the expected flowering time.

[0010] Preferably, ginger lilies are planted 90 to 100 days before their expected flowering time, and no pruning is required afterward.

[0011] Preferably, the gibberellin antagonist is chlormequat chloride, and the applied concentration is diluted 750 to 850 times.

[0012] Preferably, the gibberellin inhibitor is 5% uniconazole, and the applied concentration is diluted 1400 to 1600 times.

[0013] Preferably, the application of gibberellin antagonists or gibberellin inhibitors during the vegetative growth period is performed twice within 30 days after transplanting, with an interval of 6 to 8 days between the two applications.

[0014] More preferably, the interval between the two is 7 days.

[0015] Preferably, in Guangdong Province, the supplemental lighting times are: 17:00-21:00 in early to mid-November, 16:30-20:30 from late November to late January, and 17:00-21:00 in early February.

[0016] Preferably, during the vegetative growth period, apply a balanced NPK compound fertilizer every 7-10 days; during the reproductive growth period, apply a high-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer every 7-10 days.

[0017] More preferably, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer has a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of 20% each, and the application concentration is a dilution ratio of 800 to 1200 times; most preferably, the application concentration is a dilution ratio of 1000 times.

[0018] More preferably, the high-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer has a nitrogen content of 10%, a phosphorus content of 30%, and a potassium content of 20%, and the application concentration is a dilution ratio of 800 to 1200 times; most preferably, the application concentration is a dilution ratio of 1000 times.

[0019] Preferably, the cultivation environment has a humidity of 50-100%. Preferably, the method is used to regulate the flowering of ginger lily before the Spring Festival.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention establishes a method for regulating the flowering of ginger lilies out of season by controlling temperature and extending light exposure, enabling the off-season cultivation of ginger lilies so that they can bloom during the Spring Festival and be available on the market during this period, thus meeting people's demand for flowers during the festival and enriching the holiday flower market. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 The light response curves of 'Purple Shadow' ginger lily at different temperatures.

[0022] Figure 2 The net photosynthetic rate of the two varieties under natural light intensity in winter is given.

[0023] Figure 3 In Example 4, the flowering rate of the 'Purple Shadow', 'Butterfly', and 'Green Chocolate' varieties all reached 100%.

[0024] Figure 4 In Example 4, the flowering rate of 'Chiang Mai Pink' was less than 50%.

[0025] Figure 5 In Example 4, the flowering rate of 'Nana' was less than 50%.

[0026] Figure 6 In Example 5, the flowering rate of the 'Purple Shadow' variety reached 100%.

[0027] Figure 7 In Example 6, the flowering rate of the 'Purple Shadow' variety reached 100%.

[0028] Figure 8 The leaves of the 'Purple Shadow' variety in Comparative Example 1 showed obvious yellowing. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following embodiments are conventional methods; the materials and reagents used, unless otherwise specified, are commercially available.

[0030] Example 1: Selection of ginger lily varieties for off-season regulation I. Experimental Methods 1. Variety selection Ginger lily varieties include 'Chiang Mai Pink', 'Purple Shadow', 'Butterfly', 'Green Chocolate', 'Wheat', 'Nana', and 'Solo'.

[0031] 2. Planting methods On June 10, 2021, after the bulbs naturally broke dormancy, they were transplanted. Ginger Lily bulbs with 4 storage roots were selected for transplanting in pots. 170cm (diameter) flower pots and imported peat moss with a length of 10-30mm were used. The flower pots were placed on the seedbed of a greenhouse with fans, water curtains and shade nets. The seedbed was 1.5 meters wide.

[0032] Cultivation and Management Methods: Water every 2-3 days (when the temperature is high) or 3-4 days (when the temperature is low or it is raining), depending on the weather conditions; within 30 days after transplanting, when the above-ground plant height reaches 20cm, spray twice with an 800-fold dilution of chlormequat chloride; during the vegetative growth period (from transplanting to before the flower stalk emerges), apply Flower More 20-20-20 balanced fertilizer (20% nitrogen, 20% phosphorus, and 20% potassium) every 10 days, diluted 1000 times; during the reproductive growth period (from the emergence of the flower stalk to the end of flowering), apply 10-30-20 high phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (10% nitrogen, 30% phosphorus, and 20% potassium) every 10 days, diluted 1000 times; maintain humidity at 50-70% throughout the entire process.

[0033] After each flowering period, prune the spent flower stalks and flower stems one and a half to two months later, cutting the flower stems completely off from the base.

[0034] Supplemental lighting: Starting in November, administer 100 μmol / m² light daily from 17:00 to 21:00. 2 •s Use light intensity to supplement light.

[0035] Temperature adjustment: Daytime temperature should not be lower than 20℃, and nighttime temperature should not be lower than 18℃. If the temperature is lower than this, turn on the air conditioner to heat up. Record the flowering time and calculate the flowering rate. The calculation method for the flowering rate is: flowering rate = number of flowering pots / total number of pots × 100%.

[0036] II. Experimental Results Observations revealed that all varieties bloom for the first time in mid-August and are pruned for the first time in mid-October; they bloom for the second time in late November with a 100% success rate, and are pruned for the second time in mid-December; they bloom for the third time in mid-January of the following year, but only four varieties, 'Purple Shadow', 'Butterfly', 'Green Chocolate', and 'Nana', have a success rate of over 90%, while 'Chiang Mai Pink', 'Wheat', and 'Solo' have a success rate of less than 50%, and most of their flowers are not ornamental.

[0037] Example 2: Light response curves of 'Purple Shadow' ginger lily during flowering period at different temperatures I. Experimental Methods Between mid-February and the end of March, 'Purple Shadow' ginger lilies planted in June 2024 were used as materials (cultivation and management methods are the same as in Example 1). The light response curves of the 'Purple Shadow' ginger lily during its flowering period were measured on two days at different temperatures. The measuring instrument used was a LI-6400 photosynthesis measurement system. The light response curves were measured using red and blue light sources to control the incident light intensity. The light intensities, from high to low, were 350, 300, 200, 100, 80, 60, 40, 20, 10, and 0 μmol / m². 2 •s, the light response curve was measured using the system's built-in automatic measurement program. The experimental results of the light response curve were fitted using a rectangular hyperbola model, and the results were analyzed for significance using SPSS 26.0. The average measured temperatures on the day of measurement were 21.44℃ and 26.23℃, respectively.

[0038] II. Experimental Results The results are as follows Figure 1 As shown, ginger lily flowers at concentrations of 0–100 μmol / m 2 Within the photosynthetically active radiation range of •s, the net photosynthetic rate increases linearly with increasing incident light intensity. When the incident light intensity exceeds 100 μmol / m 2 At 1000 s, the net photosynthetic rate begins to rise slowly.

[0039] A rectangular hyperbola model was used to fit the light response curves of 'Purple Shadow' at different temperatures. The results are shown in Table 1. At 26.63℃, all photosynthetic parameters were higher than those at 21.44℃. With increasing temperature, both the dark respiration rate and the light compensation point increased. On the one hand, the increase in temperature and the increase in the light compensation point mean that under the same light conditions, the net photosynthetic rate decreases, resulting in a decrease in photosynthetic products, which affects plant growth. Increasing the light intensity means increasing energy consumption. On the other hand, it is difficult and energy-intensive to raise the temperature in a greenhouse to 26℃ in winter.

[0040] Table 1: Differences in photosynthetic characteristics of 'Purple Shadow' at different temperatures

[0041] 'Purple Shadow' in 0–100 μmol / m 2 The significance analysis of the differences in net photosynthetic rate under photosynthetically active radiation is shown in Table 2. The results show that, in the range of 0–100 μmol / m 2 Under photosynthetically active radiation conditions, the net photosynthetic rate of 'Ziying' showed no significant difference between 21.44℃ and 26.23℃.

[0042] Table 2 'Purple Shadow' at 0–100 μmol / m 2 •difference in net photosynthetic rate under photosynthetically active radiation

[0043] Example 3 I. Experimental Methods In early June 2024, 'Purple Shadow' and a hybrid variety tentatively named 'Pink Lady' were used as planting materials. The planting, cultivation management and supplemental lighting were carried out according to the method of Example 1, except that supplemental heating was not carried out.

[0044] Among them, the average outdoor temperature in the greenhouses where the plants were planted in November was 27℃, the average outdoor temperature was 18℃, the extreme high temperature was 33℃ (November 12), and the extreme low temperature was 11℃ (November 27).

[0045] On November 29, 2024, both varieties flowered normally. The average measured temperature that day was approximately 29.20℃, and the weather was sunny. Real-time photosynthetically active radiation (RAE) was measured in the greenhouse for 'Purple Shadow' and 'Pink Lady' varieties. Six pots of each variety were randomly selected to measure their photosynthesis under natural light intensity. The measuring instrument used was a LI-6400 photosynthesis measurement system, and the measurement was conducted in a transparent leaf chamber. Measurements were taken. From planting to flowering, both varieties grew normally, and the marketable rate met the standards.

[0046] II. Experimental Results The results are as follows Figure 2 As shown, the 'Purple Shadow' and 'Pink Lady' varieties, in winter at an temperature of 29℃, had photosynthetically active radiation of 261 μmol / m², respectively. 2 ·s and 266μmol / m 2 At ·s, the net photosynthetic rates of the two varieties were 4.93 μmol / m 2 ·s and 2.89μmol / m 2 ·s, 'Purple Shadow' still has a significantly higher net photosynthetic rate than 'Pink Lady' under lower light intensity, which shows that 'Purple Shadow' has a high light energy utilization rate.

[0047] Example 4: A method for regulating the flowering of ginger lily out of season I. Experimental Methods In early June 2024, ginger lilies of the varieties 'Purple Shadow', 'Butterfly', 'Green Chocolate', 'Chiang Mai Pink', 'Wheat', 'Nana', and 'Solo' were used as cultivation materials and planted and managed according to the method in Example 1.

[0048] The difference is that the final pruning is carried out 30 days before the expected market launch time of the ginger lily. Supplemental lighting: Starting from early to mid-November, supplemental lighting should begin before the light intensity in the greenhouse falls below the light compensation point, and should last for 4 hours at an intensity of 80-100 μmol / m². 2 •s.

[0049] In Guangdong, the specific times for supplemental lighting are: 17:00-21:00 in early to mid-November, 16:30-20:30 from late November to late January, and 17:00-21:00 in early February. Temperature supplementation: After transplanting, ensure that the temperature in the greenhouse is not lower than 20℃ during the day and not lower than 15℃ at night, with a humidity of 50-100%. When the temperature drops, use air conditioning to raise the temperature to above 18℃.

[0050] II. Experimental Results In late January 2025, the flowering rates of the 'Purple Shadow', 'Butterfly', and 'Green Chocolate' varieties all reached 100% (e.g. Figure 3 ); 'Chiang Mai Powder' (e.g.) Figure 4 ), 'Nana' Figure 5 'Sorrow' has a flowering rate of less than 50%, and most of the flowers are not ornamental. Since the Spring Festival falls on January 28, 2025, the 5 to 15 days before the festival are the peak season for flower sales. Ginger lilies bloom in late January, which can meet the demand for potted plants or cut flowers.

[0051] Example 5: A method for regulating the flowering of ginger lily out of season I. Experimental Methods The 'Purple Shadow' variety of ginger lily was cultivated according to the method in Example 4, except that chlormequat chloride was not applied, and instead, 1500 times diluted 5% uniconazole was used at the same time. A control group was also set up where neither chlormequat chloride nor uniconazole was applied.

[0052] II. Experimental Results The effect of controlling plant height in the 'Purple Shadow' variety of ginger lily was significantly lower than that in the control (e.g., Figure 6 The 'Purple Shadow' variety achieved a flowering rate of 100%; and its plant height was significantly lower than the control.

[0053] Example 6: A method for regulating the flowering of ginger lily out of season I. Experimental Methods The bulbs harvested the previous year were stored in sand at a low temperature of 10-15℃ and planted in late October 2024. The 'Purple Shadow' variety of ginger lily was used as the cultivation material. Planting and cultivation management were carried out according to the method of Example 1. No pruning was required after planting.

[0054] The supplemental lighting and temperature treatments are the same as in Example 4.

[0055] II. Experimental Results The 'Purple Shadow' variety blooms from late January to early February 2025, and the flowering rate of the 'Purple Shadow' variety reaches 100% (e.g., Figure 7 ).

[0056] Example 7: A method for regulating the flowering of ginger lily out of season I. Experimental Methods In June 2024, potted plants of three varieties—Purple Shadow, Butterfly, and Green Chocolate—that were growing normally during the summer and autumn were selected as test materials in the greenhouse of the Machong Base of Dongguan Agricultural Science Research Center. Cultivation management and supplemental heating were carried out according to the method in Example 4. Each variety was divided into a supplemental lighting group and a non-supplemental lighting group. Treatment was carried out in early to mid-November. The supplemental lighting group used LED light sources, employing red and white lamps, with a light intensity of 50 μmol / m². 2 • 1.5 lamps per square meter, supplemental lighting from 17:30 to 22:00 daily; no supplemental lighting: natural light. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with three replicates for each treatment, 20 pots of flowers per replicate, and 3 pots randomly selected from each replicate to investigate the following indicators: Plant height: The height from the base of the plant to the highest point of the plant; Flower scape thickness: the diameter of the unswollen portion of the flower branch below the inflorescence; Flowering rate: Number of pots that flowered / Total number of pots × 100%; Number of flower branches: Randomly select 9 potted plants that have already blossomed to investigate the number of flower branches in each pot.

[0057] Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and Excel. Data conforming to a normal distribution were subjected to independent samples t-tests, expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and significance was tested using Duncan's new multiple range test (P < 0.05; P < 0.01). Data not conforming to a normal distribution were subjected to nonparametric tests, expressed as median and quartiles, and significance was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test (P < 0.05; P < 0.01).

[0058] II. Experimental Results Table 3 Effects of supplemental lighting on the growth and development of different varieties of ginger lily

[0059] The results, shown in Table 3, indicate that after supplemental lighting, the overall plant height of the three varieties decreased while the diameter of the flower stalks increased. Specifically, the plant height of 'Ziying' decreased significantly by 13.46%, while the diameter of the flower stalks increased significantly by 11.34%, 20.80%, and 12.93% in the three varieties, respectively. The flowering rate of 'Ziying' and 'Hudie' reached a significant level, with 'Ziying' achieving a 100% flowering rate under supplemental lighting, reaching a highly significant level. After supplemental lighting, the number of fertile bracts in 'Hudie' increased significantly, while the number of sterile bracts remained unchanged in all three varieties. Only 'Ziying' showed a highly significant increase in the number of flowering branches per pot after supplemental lighting; the other varieties showed no significant difference in the number of flowering branches after supplemental lighting, although an increase in the number of flowering branches per pot was still observed. Simply increasing the temperature without supplemental lighting, although preventing leaf yellowing and dormancy in ginger lilies, resulted in excessive vegetative growth, thinner flower stalks, lower flowering rates, and flowers that did not meet commercial standards.

[0060] This study used 50 μmol / m 2 While the supplemental light intensity of s improved the flowering rate of off-season cultivation to some extent, many other indicators did not change significantly. For example, the number of fertile bracts of 'Purple Shadow' did not increase significantly. An increase in the number of fertile bracts means a longer flowering period. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the supplemental light intensity on this basis to improve the product quality in a greater sense.

[0061] Comparative Example 1: A method for regulating the flowering of ginger lily out of season I. Experimental Methods The 'Ziying' variety was used as the test material and cultivated and managed in the same way as in Example 4, except that no supplemental heating was performed, only supplemental lighting was performed.

[0062] II. Experimental Results Observations at the end of December showed that, without greenhouse heating and only supplemental lighting, the leaves of 'Purple Shadow' ginger lily exhibited significant yellowing (e.g., Figure 8 The final flowering rate was less than 30%.

[0063] The results showed that simply supplementing light without controlling the temperature resulted in a low flowering rate for ginger lilies, and the leaves would turn yellow and enter a semi-dormant state.

Claims

1. A method for regulating the flowering of ginger lily flowers out of season, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: After planting ginger lilies, apply gibberellin antagonists or gibberellin inhibitors during the vegetative growth period. Supplemental lighting should begin before the light intensity inside the greenhouse falls below the light compensation point, for 3.5–4.5 hours per day, at an intensity of 80–100 μmol / m². 2 •s; After transplanting, ensure that the temperature in the greenhouse is not lower than 20℃ during the day and not lower than 18℃ at night.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The varieties of ginger lily mentioned are 'Purple Shadow', 'Butterfly', 'Green Chocolate', 'Sunset', 'Sunrise', 'Evening Glow', 'Samba', 'Stone', or 'Spring'.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Planting of ginger lilies should be carried out in early June, and a final pruning should be done 25 to 30 days before the expected flowering time.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Plant the ginger lily 90-100 days before its expected flowering time, and no pruning is required afterward.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gibberellin antagonist is chlormequat chloride, and the concentration applied is diluted 750 to 850 times.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gibberellin inhibitor is 5% uniconazole, and the application concentration is diluted 1400 to 1600 times.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the vegetative growth period, gibberellin antagonists or gibberellin inhibitors should be applied twice within 30 days after transplanting, with an interval of 6-8 days between the two applications.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In Guangdong, the recommended times for supplemental lighting are: 17:00-21:00 in early to mid-November, 16:30-20:30 from late November to late January, and 17:00-21:00 in early February.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the vegetative growth period, apply a balanced NPK compound fertilizer every 7-10 days; during the reproductive growth period, apply a high-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer every 7-10 days.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method described above is used to regulate the flowering of ginger lilies before the Spring Festival.

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