Coupling energy supply and heat storage system based on geothermal energy, solar energy and air source

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of renewable energy sources, and particularly relates to a coupled energy supply and heat storage system based on geothermal energy, solar energy and an air source. The system comprises a middle-deep layer coaxial sleeve heat exchange subsystem, a shallow layer geothermal buried pipe heat exchange subsystem, a solar heat collection subsystem, an air source heat pump subsystem, a water source heat pump subsystem, a water supplementing subsystem, a water segregator and a water collector, and the water source heat pump subsystem comprises a deep heat pump unit and a shallow heat pump unit. The middle-deep layer coaxial sleeve heat exchange subsystem is communicated with the deep heat pump unit, the shallow layer geothermal buried pipe heat exchange subsystem is communicated with the shallow heat pump unit, the solar heat collection subsystem is communicated with the air source heat pump subsystem, and the deep heat pump unit, the shallow heat pump unit and the air source heat pump subsystem are communicated with the water segregator and the water collector respectively. The water segregator and the water collector are connected with a user. Through coupled energy supply and heat storage of geothermal energy, solar energy and an air source, multi-energy complementation is achieved, and the heat supply efficiency and stability are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of comprehensive utilization technology of renewable energy, and specifically relates to a coupled energy supply and heat storage system based on geothermal energy, solar energy and air source. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, building energy consumption accounts for approximately 22.8% of China's total social energy consumption, with heating energy consumption in northern regions accounting for over 30%, becoming the core load of building energy use. Traditional fossil fuel heating models face severe challenges. To balance heating demand and energy consumption, developing and utilizing renewable energy has become an essential path for energy transformation and achieving dual-carbon goals. Geothermal energy, solar energy, and air source heat pumps are all common forms of renewable energy.

[0003] In existing technologies, medium-deep coaxial shell geothermal wells are 1000-3000m deep. A sealed coaxial shell heat exchanger is installed inside the well. Based on the principle of "extracting heat but not water," circulating fluid is continuously introduced into the heat exchanger to achieve heat exchange with the surrounding rock and soil. This method has advantages such as strong adaptability, protection of groundwater and geothermal resources, and stable operation. However, the outlet water temperature is much lower than that of hydrothermal geothermal systems, resulting in lower heat extraction. Solar heating mainly heats the heat medium (usually water) through solar collectors to supply heat to end users. However, in winter, frost conditions can easily cause collector pipe bursts, leading to frequent pipe freezing problems. Air source heat pumps utilize the phase change of refrigerant through cyclic compression to convert low-grade air heat energy into high-grade heat energy to meet building heating needs. However, in low temperature and high humidity conditions in winter, frost may occur, leading to reduced unit efficiency. Most existing heating methods rely on a single heat source, which puts the stability of the heating system to a significant challenge. Because different regions have different needs for heat and cold sources, existing technologies are prone to causing thermal imbalances when considering the utilization of geothermal energy, which affects the efficiency of geothermal heat exchange and its long-term use. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, the purpose of this invention is to provide a coupled energy supply and heat storage system based on geothermal energy, solar energy, and air source heat pumps. This invention integrates three energy sources: geothermal energy, solar energy, and air source heat pumps. Through a medium-deep coaxial tube heat exchange subsystem, a shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange subsystem, an air source heat pump subsystem, and a solar thermal collection subsystem, it achieves multi-energy complementarity, thereby improving heating efficiency and stability.

[0005] The technical solution of this invention is: a coupled energy supply and heat storage system based on geothermal energy, solar energy, and air source, comprising a medium-deep coaxial tube heat exchange subsystem, a shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange subsystem, a solar collector subsystem, an air source heat pump subsystem, a water source heat pump subsystem, a water supply subsystem, a water distributor, and a water collector. The water source heat pump subsystem includes a deep heat pump unit and a shallow heat pump unit. The medium-deep coaxial tube heat exchange subsystem is connected to the deep heat pump unit via a pipeline. The shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange subsystem... The thermal subsystem is connected to the shallow heat pump unit via pipes. The solar thermal collector subsystem is connected to the air source heat pump subsystem via pipes. The deep heat pump unit, shallow heat pump unit, and air source heat pump subsystem are connected to the water distributor and water collector via pipes, respectively. The water replenishment subsystem is connected to the medium-deep coaxial tube heat exchange subsystem, the shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange subsystem, the solar thermal collector subsystem, the air source heat pump subsystem, and the water source heat pump subsystem. The water distributor and water collector are connected to the user via pipes.

[0006] The medium-deep coaxial casing heat exchange subsystem includes a medium-deep coaxial casing heat exchange well, a medium-deep primary side circulation pump, and a medium-deep secondary side circulation pump. The medium-deep coaxial casing heat exchange well is connected to the medium-deep primary side circulation pump via a pipeline. The medium-deep primary side circulation pump is connected to the deep heat pump unit via a pipeline. The deep heat pump unit is connected to the medium-deep secondary side circulation pump and the water collector via a pipeline.

[0007] The shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange subsystem includes a shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange well, a shallow primary side circulation pump, and a shallow secondary side circulation pump. The shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange well is connected to the shallow primary side circulation pump through a pipeline, and the shallow primary side circulation pump is connected to the shallow secondary side circulation pump and a water collector through a pipeline.

[0008] The solar thermal collector subsystem includes a solar thermal panel and an aluminum conveying tube. The solar thermal panel is composed of special tempered glass, a graphene layer, a copper-aluminum heat collection tube channel, and an EVA film. The solar thermal panels are connected in series or in parallel, with no more than 12 panels connected in series. The medium in the copper-aluminum heat collection tube channel is R410a refrigerant.

[0009] The air source heat pump subsystem includes an air source heat pump unit and an air source heat pump circulation pump. The air source heat pump unit includes an evaporator, a condenser, a compressor, an expansion valve, and a four-way reversing valve. The air source heat pump unit is connected to the solar thermal collector subsystem. The input end of the air source heat pump unit is sequentially connected to the air source heat pump circulation pump and a water collector, and the output end of the air source heat pump unit is connected to a water distributor.

[0010] The deep heat pump unit includes a medium-deep water source heat pump and a plate heat exchanger. The input end of the medium-deep water source heat pump is connected to a medium-deep coaxial tube heat exchange well, a plate heat exchanger, and a water distributor. The output end of the medium-deep water source heat pump is connected to a medium-deep primary side circulation pump and a water distributor. The input end of the plate heat exchanger is connected to a water collector and a medium-deep coaxial tube heat exchange well. The output end of the plate heat exchanger is connected to a water distributor and the medium-deep water source heat pump.

[0011] The shallow heat pump unit includes a shallow water source heat pump and a hot water storage tank. The input end of the shallow water source heat pump is connected to a shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange well and a water collector via pipes. The output end of the shallow water source heat pump is connected to a shallow primary side circulation pump and a water distributor via pipes. The input end of the hot water storage tank is connected to a shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange well, an air source heat pump subsystem, and a water distributor via pipes. The output end of the hot water storage tank is connected to a shallow primary side circulation pump, a shallow water source heat pump, an air source heat pump subsystem, and a water collector via pipes.

[0012] The water replenishment subsystem includes a water replenishment tank and a water processor connected in sequence. The water replenishment tank is connected to an air source heat pump subsystem and a water collector via pipes.

[0013] The technical advantages of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention integrates three energy sources: geothermal energy, solar energy, and air source heat pumps. Through a medium-deep coaxial tube heat exchange subsystem, a shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange subsystem, an air source heat pump subsystem, and a solar collector subsystem, it achieves multi-energy complementarity, improving heating efficiency and stability. 2. The solar thermal panel used in this invention is a novel collector panel. Compared to traditional media, R410a refrigerant, as the heat exchange medium, can acquire more heat through phase change. During the non-heating season, the system utilizes the heat absorbed by the solar collectors, stores it through a heat storage device (such as a hot water storage tank), and releases it during the heating season, solving the problem of supply and demand imbalance in solar energy over time. 3. This invention features an intelligent heat source switching mechanism. Based on heat load demand, the system switches between different heat sources by controlling the opening and closing of valves, optimizing heating efficiency. When the user's heat load is low, medium-deep geothermal energy is used first; when the heat load increases, shallow geothermal energy, air source heat pumps, and solar collectors are gradually introduced to achieve tiered energy supply.

[0014] The following will provide further explanation in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a coupled energy supply and heat storage system based on geothermal energy, solar energy and air source according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of a coupled energy supply and heat storage system based on geothermal energy, solar energy and air source according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure reference numerals: 1-Medium-deep coaxial casing heat exchange subsystem; 2-Shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange subsystem; 3-Solar collector subsystem; 4-Air source heat pump subsystem; 5-Water source heat pump subsystem; 6-Water replenishment subsystem; 7-Water distributor; 8-Water collector; 11-Medium-deep coaxial casing heat exchange well; 12-Medium-deep primary side circulation pump; 13-Medium-deep secondary side circulation pump; 21-Shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange well; 22-Shallow primary side circulation pump; 23-Shallow secondary side circulation pump; 31-Solar thermal panel; 32-Transmitting aluminum pipe; 41-Air source heat pump unit; 42-Air source heat pump circulation pump; 51-Deep heat pump unit; 52-Shallow heat pump unit; 511-Medium-deep water source heat pump; 512-Plate heat exchanger; 521-Shallow water source heat pump; 522-Hot water storage tank; 61-Makeup water tank; 62-Water processor. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Example 1

[0019] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, a coupled energy supply and heat storage system based on geothermal energy, solar energy, and air source includes a medium-deep coaxial tube heat exchange subsystem 1, a shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange subsystem 2, a solar collector subsystem 3, an air source heat pump subsystem 4, a water source heat pump subsystem 5, a water supply subsystem 6, a water distributor 7, and a water collector 8. The water source heat pump subsystem 5 includes a deep heat pump unit 51 and a shallow heat pump unit 52. The medium-deep coaxial tube heat exchange subsystem 1 is connected to the deep heat pump unit 51 via a pipeline, and the shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange subsystem 2 is connected to... The solar thermal collector subsystem 3 is connected to the shallow heat pump unit 52 via a pipe. The solar thermal collector subsystem 3 is connected to the air source heat pump subsystem 4 via a pipe. The deep heat pump unit 51, the shallow heat pump unit 52, and the air source heat pump subsystem 4 are connected to the water distributor 7 and the water collector 8 via pipes, respectively. The water replenishment subsystem 6 is connected to the medium-deep coaxial sleeve heat exchange subsystem 1, the shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange subsystem 2, the solar thermal collector subsystem 3, the air source heat pump subsystem 4, and the water source heat pump subsystem 5. The water distributor 7 and the water collector 8 are connected to the user via pipes.

[0020] More preferably, the intermediate-deep coaxial casing heat exchange subsystem 1 includes an intermediate-deep coaxial casing heat exchange well 11, an intermediate-deep primary side circulation pump 12, and an intermediate-deep secondary side circulation pump 13. The intermediate-deep coaxial casing heat exchange well 11 is connected to the intermediate-deep primary side circulation pump 12 through a pipeline. The intermediate-deep primary side circulation pump 12 is connected to the deep heat pump unit 51 through a pipeline. The deep heat pump unit 51 is connected to the intermediate-deep secondary side circulation pump 13 and the water collector 8 through a pipeline.

[0021] More preferably, the shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange subsystem 2 includes a shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange well 21, a shallow primary side circulation pump 22, and a shallow secondary side circulation pump 23. The shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange well 21 is connected to the shallow primary side circulation pump 22 through a pipeline, and the shallow primary side circulation pump 22 is connected to the shallow secondary side circulation pump 23 and the water collector 8 through a pipeline.

[0022] More preferably, the solar thermal collector subsystem 3 includes a solar thermal panel 31 and an aluminum conveying pipe 32. The solar thermal panel 31 is composed of special tempered glass, a graphene layer, a copper-aluminum heat collection pipe channel, and an EVA film. The solar thermal panels 31 are connected in series or in parallel, with no more than 12 panels connected in series. The transmission medium in the copper-aluminum heat collection pipe channel is R410a refrigerant.

[0023] More preferably, the air source heat pump subsystem 4 includes an air source heat pump unit 41 and an air source heat pump circulation pump 42. The air source heat pump unit 41 includes an evaporator, a condenser, a compressor, an expansion valve, and a four-way reversing valve. The air source heat pump unit 41 is connected to the solar thermal collector subsystem 3. The input end of the air source heat pump unit 41 is sequentially connected to the air source heat pump circulation pump 42 and a water collector 8. The output end of the air source heat pump unit 41 is connected to a water distributor 7.

[0024] More preferably, the deep heat pump unit 51 includes a medium-deep water source heat pump 511 and a plate heat exchanger 512. The input end of the medium-deep water source heat pump 511 is connected to a medium-deep coaxial tube heat exchange well 11, a plate heat exchanger 512, and a water distributor 7, respectively. The output end of the medium-deep water source heat pump 511 is connected to a medium-deep primary side circulation pump 12 and a water distributor 7, respectively. The input end of the plate heat exchanger 512 is connected to a water collector 8 and a medium-deep coaxial tube heat exchange well 11, respectively. The output end of the plate heat exchanger 512 is connected to the water distributor 7 and the medium-deep water source heat pump 511, respectively.

[0025] More preferably, the shallow heat pump unit 52 includes a shallow water source heat pump 521 and a hot water storage tank 522. The input end of the shallow water source heat pump 521 is connected to a shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange well 21 and a water collector 8 via pipes. The output end of the shallow water source heat pump 521 is connected to a shallow primary side circulation pump 22 and a water distributor 7 via pipes. The input end of the hot water storage tank 522 is connected to the shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange well 21, an air source heat pump subsystem 4, and a water distributor 7 via pipes. The output end of the hot water storage tank 522 is connected to the shallow primary side circulation pump 22, the shallow water source heat pump 521, the air source heat pump subsystem 4, and the water collector 8 via pipes.

[0026] More preferably, the water replenishment subsystem 6 includes a water replenishment tank 61 and a water processor 62 connected in sequence, and the water replenishment tank 61 is connected to an air source heat pump subsystem 4 and a water collector 8 through pipes.

[0027] In practical use, this invention can provide energy to buildings under multiple operating conditions, as follows:

[0028] The medium-deep coaxial casing heat exchange subsystem 1 directly heats the building in winter. The specific process is as follows: circulating water is sent from the makeup water tank 61 into the system pipeline, transported to the outer casing of the medium-deep coaxial casing geothermal well 11, and after heat exchange in the well, hot water is extracted from the central pipe. It undergoes primary heat exchange via plate heat exchanger 511, followed by secondary heat exchange via medium-deep water source heat pump 511, and then is transported back to the medium-deep coaxial casing geothermal well 11 via medium-deep primary side circulation pump 12. The absorption plate heat exchanger 511 and... The circulating water from the secondary side of the medium-deep geothermal heat pump 511 is transported to the distributor 7, where it is mixed and transported to the user end. The return water is distributed by the collector 8 to the plate heat exchanger 511 and the medium-deep geothermal heat pump 511 via the medium-deep secondary side circulating pump 21. When the outlet water temperature of the medium-deep coaxial casing geothermal well 11 is less than 40°C, the primary side valve of the plate heat exchanger 511 is closed, and hot water is directly transported from the medium-deep coaxial casing geothermal well 11 to the medium-deep geothermal heat pump 511 for heat exchange.

[0029] The medium-deep coaxial tube heat exchange subsystem 1 is coupled with the shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange subsystem 2 to provide heating for the building in winter. The specific process is as follows: On the basis of direct heating by the medium-deep coaxial tube heat exchange subsystem 1, the valve on the side of the shallow water source heat pump 521 is opened. The circulating water absorbs soil heat in the shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange well 21 and is then transported to the shallow water source heat pump 521 for heat exchange. The secondary circulating water also gathers in the distributor 7 and mixes with the medium-deep secondary circulating water before being transported to the user end. The return water is distributed by the collector 8 to the plate heat exchanger 511, the medium-deep water source heat pump 511, and the shallow water source heat pump 521 via the medium-deep secondary circulating pump 13.

[0030] The deep coaxial tube heat exchange subsystem, the shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange subsystem, the air source heat pump subsystem, and the solar collector subsystem are coupled together to provide heating for the building in winter: On the basis of heating provided by the deep coaxial tube heat exchange subsystem coupled with the shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange subsystem, the valve on the side of the air source heat pump unit 41 is opened, and the condenser side of the air source heat pump unit 41 exchanges heat with the return water delivered by the water collector 8, and then sends the hot water to the water distributor 7 for unified delivery to the user end. The solar collector subsystem is connected in parallel with the evaporator side of the air source heat pump unit 41, and the solar thermal panels 31 are first connected in series and then in parallel.

[0031] The air source heat pump subsystem provides cooling for the building in summer. The specific process is as follows: the four-way reversing valve of the air source heat pump unit 41 is opened to change the direction of refrigerant flow. The air source heat pump unit 41 switches to cooling mode and delivers chilled water to the indoor terminals.

[0032] Cross-seasonal heat storage: During the non-heating season, solar thermal panels 31 absorb heat, converting light energy into heat energy to heat the R410a medium, which then exchanges heat with circulating water and stores the hot water in the hot water storage tank 522. The recirculated hot water then flows to the shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange well 21, where it exchanges heat with the soil, accelerating the recovery of soil temperature, and simultaneously storing some heat energy in the shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange well 21.

[0033] In multi-energy coupled operation of medium-deep coaxial tube heat exchange subsystems, shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange subsystems, air source heat pump subsystems, and solar collector subsystems, energy priority must be considered. Balancing valves should be used to adjust the energy supply ratio between primary and secondary systems, and the outlet water temperature of each system should be adjusted to ensure a reasonable temperature difference to avoid increasing overall energy consumption. In cross-seasonal thermal storage systems, the imbalance between heat storage in the non-heating season and heat extraction in the heating season will cause the temperature of the soil and rock in the buried pipe area to continuously rise or fall, thus affecting the heat exchange energy of the buried pipe heat exchanger and reducing the operating efficiency of the buried pipe heat exchange system. Therefore, the relationship between the heat stored underground in the non-heating season and the winter heating load should follow as follows:

[0034]

[0035] In the formula: Q c —Heat stored underground during the non-heating season (kWh); Q a —Design heating load for winter heating (kW); T a.max —Maximum load utilization hours in winter (h); COP —Coefficient of performance for water source heat pump in winter.

[0036] Furthermore, in actual use, specifically:

[0037] The primary circulating water in the medium-deep layer originates from the central tube of the medium-deep coaxial heat exchange well 11. After temperature measurement by a thermometer, when the circulating water temperature exceeds 45℃, valve V1 closes and V2 opens, allowing the circulating water to flow through the plate heat exchanger 512 for primary heat exchange before flowing into the medium-deep water source heat pump 512. When the circulating water temperature is below 45℃, valve V1 opens and V2 closes, allowing the circulating water to flow directly into the evaporator side of the medium-deep heat pump for heat exchange. After flowing out of the medium-deep water source heat pump 512, the primary circulating water passes through the primary circulating pump 12 and flows into the outer wall of the central tube of the medium-deep coaxial heat exchange well 11, completing well-side circulation. The secondary circulating water in the medium-deep layer exits from the collector 8, passes through the secondary circulating pump 13, completes heat exchange on the condenser side of the heat pump, and is then transported to the distributor 7.

[0038] Figure reference numerals: 1-Medium-deep coaxial casing heat exchange subsystem; 2-Shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange subsystem; 3-Solar collector subsystem; 4-Air source heat pump subsystem; 5-Water source heat pump subsystem; 6-Water replenishment subsystem; 7-Water distributor; 8-Water collector; 11-Medium-deep coaxial casing heat exchange well; 12-Medium-deep primary side circulation pump; 13-Medium-deep secondary side circulation pump; 21-Shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange well; 22-Shallow primary side circulation pump; 23-Shallow secondary side circulation pump; 31-Solar thermal panel; 32-Transmitting aluminum pipe; 41-Air source heat pump unit; 42-Air source heat pump circulation pump; 51-Deep heat pump unit; 52-Shallow heat pump unit; 511-Medium-deep water source heat pump; 512-Plate heat exchanger; 521-Shallow water source heat pump; 522-Hot water storage tank; 61-Makeup water tank; 62-Water processor.

[0039] The shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchanger is a U-tube heat exchanger. The outlet pipe is connected to the evaporator side of the shallow heat pump, and the return water flows into the return water inlet through the shallow primary side circulation pump 22. The shallow water source heat pump 521 connects to the outlet and return water pipes of the shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchanger on the evaporator side, and connects to the water distributor 7 and water collector 8 on the condenser side to complete the shallow secondary side circulating water heat exchange.

[0040] The circulating water of the air source heat pump subsystem exchanges heat with the condenser side of the air source heat pump unit 41. The water supply pipeline is connected to the water distributor 7. The circulating water return is transported back to the condenser side of the air source heat pump unit 41 by the water collector 8 and the air source heat pump circulating pump 42 to complete the loop circulation.

[0041] The water distributor 7 is connected to the deep-water source heat pump 511, the plate heat exchanger 512, the shallow-water source heat pump 521, and the air-source heat pump unit 41 via pipelines, delivering hot water to the user end. The water collector 8 is connected to the deep-water source heat pump 511, the plate heat exchanger 512, the shallow-water source heat pump 521, and the air-source heat pump unit 41 via pipelines, delivering the return water from the user end to the heat source end respectively. The user end is the actual load consumption end.

[0042] When the user-side heat load demand is low, the building is directly heated by the medium-deep coaxial heat exchange subsystem 1, with valves V3, V4, V7, and V8 open and valves V5, V6, V9, and V10 closed. The need for secondary heat exchange is determined by the outlet temperature of the medium-deep coaxial heat exchange well 1. When the heat load demand increases, valves V5 and V9 are opened again, switching to the winter heating mode of medium-deep geothermal coupled with shallow geothermal. When the heat load demand reaches its maximum, valves V6 and V10 are opened again, switching to the winter heating mode of the medium-deep coaxial heat exchange subsystem, the shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange subsystem, the air source heat pump subsystem, and the solar collector subsystem coupled together.

[0043] During the non-heating season, valves V11, V12, V15, and V16 are opened, while valves V13, V14, V17, and V18 are closed. The circulating hot water exchanges heat with the solar collector subsystem 3, and is then transported by the air-source heat pump unit 41 to the hot water storage tank 522. Once the water temperature in the storage tank 522 reaches a certain level, the circulating hot water flows to the buried pipe heat exchanger, where it exchanges heat with the soil, heating the underground rock and soil for heat storage before returning to the storage tank 522 for further heating. This cycle repeats, achieving cross-seasonal heat storage during the non-heating season. During the heating season, valves V11 and V12 are closed, and valves V13, V14, V15, V16, V17, and V18 are opened. The shallow primary circulation pump 22 is started, extracting the heat from the storage tank 522 and storing it underground, which is then fed into the evaporator side of the shallow water source heat pump 521, thus achieving heat recycling.

[0044] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coupled energy supply and thermal storage system based on geothermal energy, solar energy, and air source, characterized in that: The system includes a medium-deep coaxial tube heat exchange subsystem (1), a shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange subsystem (2), a solar collector subsystem (3), an air source heat pump subsystem (4), a water source heat pump subsystem (5), a water supply subsystem (6), a water distributor (7), and a water collector (8). The water source heat pump subsystem (5) includes a deep heat pump unit (51) and a shallow heat pump unit (52). The medium-deep coaxial tube heat exchange subsystem (1) is connected to the deep heat pump unit (51) through a pipe, and the shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange subsystem (2) is connected to the shallow heat pump unit (52) through a pipe. The solar thermal collector subsystem (3) is connected to the air source heat pump subsystem (4) through a pipe. The deep heat pump unit (51), the shallow heat pump unit (52) and the air source heat pump subsystem (4) are connected to the water distributor (7) and the water collector (8) through pipes respectively. The water replenishment subsystem (6) is connected to the medium-deep coaxial sleeve heat exchange subsystem (1), the shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange subsystem (2), the solar thermal collector subsystem (3), the air source heat pump subsystem (4) and the water source heat pump subsystem (5). The water distributor (7) and the water collector (8) are connected to the user through pipes.

2. The coupled energy supply and heat storage system based on geothermal energy, solar energy, and air source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The medium-deep coaxial casing heat exchange subsystem (1) includes a medium-deep coaxial casing heat exchange well (11), a medium-deep primary side circulation pump (12), and a medium-deep secondary side circulation pump (13). The medium-deep coaxial casing heat exchange well (11) is connected to the medium-deep primary side circulation pump (12) through a pipeline. The medium-deep primary side circulation pump (12) is connected to the deep heat pump unit (51) through a pipeline. The deep heat pump unit (51) is connected to the medium-deep secondary side circulation pump (13) and the water collector (8) through a pipeline.

3. The coupled energy supply and heat storage system based on geothermal energy, solar energy, and air source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange subsystem (2) includes a shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange well (21), a shallow primary side circulation pump (22), and a shallow secondary side circulation pump (23). The shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange well (21) is connected to the shallow primary side circulation pump (22) through a pipeline. The shallow primary side circulation pump (22) is connected to the shallow secondary side circulation pump (23) and the water collector (8) through a pipeline.

4. The coupled energy supply and heat storage system based on geothermal energy, solar energy, and air source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solar thermal collector subsystem (3) includes a solar thermal plate (31) and an aluminum conveying tube (32). The solar thermal plate (31) is made of special tempered glass, a graphene layer, a copper-aluminum heat collection tube channel, and an EVA film. The solar thermal plates (31) are connected in series or in parallel, and the number of plates connected in series does not exceed 12. The medium in the copper-aluminum heat collection tube channel is R410a refrigerant.

5. The coupled energy supply and heat storage system based on geothermal energy, solar energy, and air source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air source heat pump subsystem (4) includes an air source heat pump unit (41) and an air source heat pump circulation pump (42). The air source heat pump unit (41) includes an evaporator, a condenser, a compressor, an expansion valve, and a four-way reversing valve. The air source heat pump unit (41) is connected to the solar thermal collector subsystem (3). The input end of the air source heat pump unit (41) is connected in sequence to the air source heat pump circulation pump (42) and the water collector (8). The output end of the air source heat pump unit (41) is connected to the water distributor (7).

6. The coupled energy supply and heat storage system based on geothermal energy, solar energy, and air source according to claim 2, characterized in that: The deep heat pump unit (51) includes a medium-deep water source heat pump (511) and a plate heat exchanger (512). The input end of the medium-deep water source heat pump (511) is connected to a medium-deep coaxial casing heat exchange well (11), a plate heat exchanger (512), and a water distributor (7). The output end of the medium-deep water source heat pump (511) is connected to a medium-deep primary side circulation pump (12) and a water distributor (7). The input end of the plate heat exchanger (512) is connected to a water collector (8) and a medium-deep coaxial casing heat exchange well (11). The output end of the plate heat exchanger (512) is connected to a water distributor (7) and the medium-deep water source heat pump (511).

7. The coupled energy supply and heat storage system based on geothermal energy, solar energy, and air source according to claim 3, characterized in that: The shallow heat pump unit (52) includes a shallow water source heat pump (521) and a hot water storage tank (522). The input end of the shallow water source heat pump (521) is connected to a shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange well (21) and a water collector (8) through pipes. The output end of the shallow water source heat pump (521) is connected to a shallow primary side circulation pump (22) and a water distributor (7) through pipes. The input end of the hot water storage tank (522) is connected to a shallow geothermal buried pipe heat exchange well (21), an air source heat pump subsystem (4), and a water distributor (7) through pipes. The output end of the hot water storage tank (522) is connected to a shallow primary side circulation pump (22), a shallow water source heat pump (521), an air source heat pump subsystem (4), and a water collector (8) through pipes.

8. The coupled energy supply and heat storage system based on geothermal energy, solar energy, and air source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water replenishment subsystem (6) includes a water replenishment tank (61) and a water processor (62) connected in sequence. The water replenishment tank (61) is connected to an air source heat pump subsystem (4) and a water collector (8) through pipes.

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