Automatic Measurement and Alarm Device for TBM Tunnel Arch Settlement and its Operation Method

Abstract

This invention provides an automatic measurement and alarm device and operating method for the settlement of the arch crown in TBM tunneling. It includes an arch frame with multiple sets of supports evenly distributed on it, each set extending radially outwards along the arch frame; multiple sets of arch plates, each set arranged at intervals along the circumference of the arch frame; multiple sets of detection units, each set of detection units spaced along its length on each arch plate; each detection unit includes a mounting component detachably connected to the corresponding arch plate, a trigger component movably mounted on the mounting component, and a reference component mounted on the mounting component; and an alarm unit, including a sensor mounted on the mounting component and an alarm and power supply system electrically connected to the sensor. By having the trigger component move synchronously with the arch crown settlement, and using the reference component as a reference, the settlement of the arch crown can be directly observed without manual intervention. The sensor detects abnormal movement of the trigger component in real time; once the movement exceeds a safety threshold, the alarm immediately sounds.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel engineering monitoring technology, and in particular to an automatic measurement and alarm device for settlement of the arch of a TBM tunnel and its operation method. Background Technology

[0002] During tunnel construction, TBM excavation is widely used due to its advantages such as high efficiency and stable construction. However, due to geological conditions, safety hazards are prone to occur in the shallow buried section at the tunnel entrance and in the fractured rock zone.

[0003] These areas have poor surrounding rock stability and weak resistance to deformation, and may also have problems such as groundwater seepage and weak interlayers, which can easily cause the arch to crack and sink. If not detected and dealt with in time, it can easily lead to a collapse accident, causing casualties and property damage. Especially in areas with broken and shallowly buried surrounding rock, the danger and suddenness of the accident are even higher.

[0004] Currently, tunnel arch settlement measurement mainly relies on manual monitoring methods, such as using total stations and levels, with monitoring personnel periodically going to the site to collect and analyze data. However, this traditional monitoring method has significant drawbacks: firstly, it cannot achieve 24-hour real-time continuous monitoring, and if a sudden and severe deformation of the arch occurs during the monitoring interval, it is difficult to detect in time; secondly, manual monitoring suffers from data lag, and for severe deformations exceeding safety thresholds, it cannot quickly and effectively trigger alarms, leading to delays in on-site personnel evacuation and emergency response, further exacerbating the risk of accidents. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an automatic measurement and alarm device and operating method for tunnel arch settlement in TBM excavation, which solves the problems of existing technologies such as reliance on manual monitoring of tunnel arch settlement, inability to monitor continuously in real time, and delayed alarm response.

[0006] On one hand, according to an embodiment of the present invention, an automatic measurement and alarm device for settlement of the tunnel arch in a TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) includes an arched frame with multiple sets of support arms evenly distributed on it, each set of support arms extending radially outward along the arched frame; multiple sets of arched plates, each set of arched plates being spaced apart along the upper circumference of the arched frame, and each arched plate having its two ends detachably connected to two corresponding sets of support arms to form an arc-shaped surface adapted to the contour of the tunnel arch; and multiple sets of detection units, each set of detection units being spaced apart along its length on each arched plate, each detection unit including a mounting device detachably connected to the corresponding arched plate. The device includes a trigger element, which is movably mounted on the mounting component, and a reference element mounted on the mounting component. The trigger element is used to abut against the tunnel arch to synchronously sense the settlement displacement of the tunnel arch. The reference element is arranged opposite to the trigger element and is used to indicate the initial reference position when the trigger element abuts against the tunnel arch. The alarm unit includes a sensor mounted on the mounting component and an alarm device that alarms based on the sensing signal emitted by the sensor. The sensor is arranged on the mounting component to indicate the position of the tunnel arch settlement warning threshold so that it emits a sensing signal when the trigger element approaches it.

[0007] Compared with existing technologies, this invention has the following advantages: The trigger moves synchronously with the arch settlement, and the initial reference position of the trigger is indicated by a reference piece. The greater the distance between the trigger and the reference piece, the more severe the arch settlement. This allows for direct observation of whether arch settlement has occurred. Preferably, the settlement movement can be read by setting scale lines on the installation piece, eliminating the need for manual intervention. Simultaneously, multiple detection units operate continuously 24 hours a day, with the trigger sensing settlement displacement in real time, capturing even minute deformations. Multiple arch plates and detection units form a planar monitoring network covering the arch axis and key areas on both sides, simultaneously acquiring settlement data from multiple points. This not only monitors the overall settlement trend in real time but also accurately locates local deformation areas, providing precise location guidance for subsequent emergency response. Finally, sensors detect abnormal movement of the trigger in real time; once the movement exceeds a preset safety threshold, an alarm is immediately triggered, significantly shortening emergency response time and saving valuable time for on-site personnel evacuation and maintenance.

[0008] Preferably, each arm has a connecting plate at its outward extension end, and each arched plate has a first slot at both ends, with each connecting plate being engaged in the corresponding first slot.

[0009] Preferably, the mounting components all include a mounting base that can be detachably connected to the arched plate, and a mounting plate is provided on one side of the mounting base, with a travel groove extending through the left and right sides on the mounting plate.

[0010] Preferably, the triggering element includes a telescopic column movably mounted on the mounting base. The end of the telescopic column away from the mounting plate is adjustablely provided with a trigger plate, and the end away from the trigger plate is provided with a limit plate. A compression spring is sleeved on the telescopic column, and the compression spring is located between the trigger plate and the mounting base.

[0011] Preferably, a screw is provided on one side of the trigger plate, and the screw is threadedly connected to the telescopic column.

[0012] Preferably, each reference component includes two first T-blocks, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the stroke groove, and one end of each first T-block extends into the stroke groove. A first stud is rotatably connected to one of the first T-blocks, and one end of the first stud is threadedly connected to the other first T-block. Reference arms are provided on both first T-blocks.

[0013] Preferably, two second T-shaped blocks are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the stroke groove, and one end of each second T-shaped block extends into the stroke groove. A second stud is rotatably connected to one of the second T-shaped blocks, and one end of the second stud is threadedly connected to the other second T-shaped block. A mounting bracket is provided on any one of the second T-shaped blocks, and the sensor is mounted on the mounting bracket.

[0014] Preferably, a mounting box is provided on the side of the mounting plate away from the telescopic column, an opening is formed on one side of the mounting box and a cover is provided at the opening, and the alarm is located on the upper side of the mounting box; the alarm device also includes: a main board, which is located inside the mounting box, for receiving sensor sensing signals and triggering the alarm to emit an alarm signal; and a battery, which is located inside the mounting box, for powering the main board.

[0015] Preferably, the mounting plate has scale lines on the side closest to the telescopic column.

[0016] On the other hand, according to embodiments of the present invention, the present invention also provides an operation method for an automatic measurement and alarm device for settlement of the arch of a TBM tunnel boring machine, comprising the following steps:

[0017] Arch frame installation: Move the arch frame to the pre-set testing area inside the tunnel, and after completing the assembly of the arch plate and the arch frame, position and fix the arch frame.

[0018] Detection unit assembly: Install each set of detection units in the preset installation positions on the arched plate;

[0019] Trigger adjustment: Adjust the position of the trigger plate according to the actual height of the tunnel arch so that the trigger plate is in close contact with the tunnel arch under the elastic force of the compression spring, forming the initial reference position;

[0020] Reference component calibration: Based on the initial reference position of the trigger component, adjust the relative position of the two first T-blocks by adjusting the first stud, so that the reference arm and the limiting plate of the trigger component are precisely aligned. After the debugging is completed, lock and fix the two first T-blocks.

[0021] Alarm unit settings: Adjust the sensor to the position of the tunnel arch settlement warning threshold and fix it; when the tunnel arch settles and causes the trigger to move, and the amount of displacement reaches the warning threshold, the limit plate triggers the sensor and starts the alarm mechanism. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the arched plate in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the detection unit in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the detection unit in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the sensor installation structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 7 This is a front view of the detection unit in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the alarm unit in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the working state of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] In the above attached figures:

[0032] 10. Arched frame; 11. Base plate; 12. Support arm; 121. Connecting plate; 13. Through hole;

[0033] 20. Arched plate; 21. First slot;

[0034] 30. Trigger plate; 31. Screw; 32. Compression spring; 33. Telescopic column; 34. Limit plate;

[0035] 40. Mounting base; 41. Mounting plate; 42. Stroke groove; 43. Scale marks;

[0036] 50. First T-block; 51. Reference arm; 52. First stud;

[0037] 60. Second T-block; 61. Mounting bracket; 62. Second stud; 63. Sensor;

[0038] 70. Mounting box; 71. Cover plate;

[0039] 80. Alarm device; 81. Mainboard; 82. Storage battery. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0041] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown in the figure, this invention proposes an automatic measurement and alarm device for settlement of the tunnel arch in a TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) tunnel, including an arch frame 10 with multiple sets of support arms 12 evenly distributed on the arch frame 10, each set of support arms 12 extending outward along the radial direction of the arch frame 10; multiple sets of arch plates 20, each set of arch plates 20 being arranged at intervals along the upper circumference of the arch frame 10, and each arch plate 20 having its two ends detachably connected to two corresponding sets of support arms 12 to form an arc-shaped surface adapted to the contour of the tunnel arch; and multiple sets of detection units, each arch plate 20 having multiple sets of detection units spaced at intervals along its length direction, each detection unit including a corresponding arch plate 20. The system includes a detachable mounting component, a trigger movably mounted on the mounting component, and a reference component mounted on the mounting component. The trigger is used to abut against the tunnel arch to synchronously sense the settlement displacement of the tunnel arch. The reference component is arranged opposite to the trigger and is used to indicate the initial reference position when the trigger abuts against the tunnel arch. An alarm unit is also included, comprising a sensor 63 mounted on the mounting component and an alarm 80 that triggers an alarm based on the sensing signal emitted by the sensor 63. The sensor 63 is arranged on the mounting component to indicate the position of the tunnel arch settlement warning threshold so that it emits a sensing signal when the trigger approaches it. It is readily understood that the sensor 63 is mounted closer to the lower end of the mounting component than the reference component (this can be combined with...). Figure 5 (and subsequent detailed descriptions for understanding) When settlement occurs in the tunnel arch, the trigger will be forced to move down on the mounting piece, causing the trigger to deviate from its original initial reference position and gradually move towards the warning threshold position. When it gets close to the sensor's detection range, it will trigger an alarm.

[0042] By having the trigger move synchronously with the arch settlement, and using the reference point indicating the initial baseline position of the trigger as a basis, the greater the distance between the trigger and the reference point, the more severe the arch settlement. This allows for direct observation of arch settlement without the need for manual intervention. Simultaneously, multiple detection units operate 24 hours a day, with the trigger sensing settlement displacement in real time, capturing even the smallest deformations. Multiple arch plates 20 and multiple detection units form a planar monitoring network, covering the arch axis and key areas on both sides, simultaneously acquiring settlement data from multiple points. This not only allows for real-time monitoring of the overall settlement trend but also precise location of local deformation areas, providing accurate location guidance for subsequent emergency response. Finally, sensor 63 senses abnormal movement of the trigger in real time. Once the movement exceeds a preset safety threshold, alarm 80 immediately sounds an alarm, significantly shortening emergency response time and buying valuable time for on-site personnel evacuation and maintenance.

[0043] Meanwhile, under the support of the arch frame 10 and the arch plate 20, even if the settlement rate accelerates or a sudden collapse occurs, the arch frame 10 and the arch plate 20 can still support the collapsed part. When the detection area of ​​the arch top experiences local subsidence due to the weakness of the surrounding rock, the corresponding arch plate 20 will first contact the surrounding rock and bear the load. The arch frame 10 and the arch plate 20 can play a temporary support role. Through the overall force of the arch frame 10, the load is distributed to the surrounding area, avoiding the acceleration of the settlement rate in this area and causing a full-section collapse.

[0044] The arch frame 10 has through holes 13 on both legs and a base plate 11 at the bottom end. The through holes 13 allow the arch frame 10 to be tightly fixed to the tunnel sidewall and ground by bolts and other connecting parts, avoiding displacement of the arch frame 10 due to tunnel construction vibration or arch pressure, and ensuring the stability of support and monitoring. The base plate 11 increases the contact area between the arch frame 10 and the ground, further dispersing the force, preventing the ground from sinking due to excessive local pressure, and strengthening the fixing effect. Anchor bolts can also be drilled in the base plate 11 to replace the connecting parts at the two legs of the arch frame 10 for fixing the arch frame 10, or both can be used at the same time.

[0045] like Figure 2 As shown, each arm 12 has a connecting plate 121 at its outward extension end, and each arched plate 20 has a first slot 21 at both ends, with each connecting plate 121 being engaged in the corresponding first slot 21.

[0046] The structure of the connecting plate 121 engaging with the first slot 21 restricts the displacement of the arched plate 20 along the extension direction of the support arm 12, preventing the arched plate 20 from loosening and falling off due to tunnel vibration or arch pressure. Simultaneously, the close contact between the slot and the connecting plate 121 ensures more even stress distribution, reducing localized stress concentration and guaranteeing the stability of support and monitoring. No complex assembly process is required, nor is welding or multiple sets of bolts needed. Assembly is completed simply by aligning the slots at both ends of the arched plate 20 with the connecting plate 121 of the support arm 12, significantly shortening installation time and reducing the difficulty of high-altitude operations within the tunnel. This is particularly suitable for TBM excavation scenarios with fast construction paces.

[0047] like Figure 3 As shown and combined Figure 5 It is understood that each mounting component includes a mounting base 40 detachably connected to the arched plate 20. A mounting plate 41 is provided on one side of the mounting base 40, and the mounting plate 41 has stroke grooves 42 extending through both sides. Here, the mounting base 40 and the arched plate 20 are detachable. During assembly, the mounting base 40 is simply fixed to the corresponding position on the arched plate 20. After disassembly, the device can be broken down into individual components, reducing the overall volume and weight in the non-operating state. No large equipment is required for handling; it can be operated by one or two people, reducing the difficulty of handling in the narrow space of a tunnel and facilitating storage and transportation.

[0048] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the trigger element is designed as follows. For example... Figure 4 As shown, the triggering element of this invention includes a telescopic column 33 that is vertically and movably installed on the mounting base 40. A trigger plate 30 is adjustablely mounted at the end of the telescopic column 33 away from the mounting plate 41, and a limit plate 34 is mounted at the end away from the trigger plate 30. A compression spring 32 is sleeved on the telescopic column 33, located between the trigger plate 30 and the mounting base 40. The reference element is mainly aligned with the limit plate 34 to indicate the initial reference position when the triggering element is in close contact with the tunnel arch. When the telescopic column 33, carrying the limit plate 34, moves downwards away from the reference element, it indicates that settlement has occurred in the tunnel arch. When the limit plate 34 descends to the position aligned with the sensor 63, the system triggers a settlement alarm mechanism (see reference). Figure 6 ).

[0049] The trigger plate 30 is in direct contact with the arch. When the arch settles, it pushes the telescopic column 33 to move. The staff can observe the position change of the limit plate 34 connected to the telescopic column 33 relative to the reference piece, or read the scale line on the installation piece directly with the reference piece to obtain the amount of arch settlement displacement. No complicated data conversion is required, which can more quickly and intuitively grasp the arch settlement situation, and is especially suitable for real-time on-site inspection.

[0050] like Figure 4As shown, a screw 31 is provided on one side of the trigger plate 30, and the screw 31 is threadedly connected to the telescopic column 33. Through the threaded engagement between the screw 31 and the telescopic column 33, the extension length of the trigger plate 30 can be rotated and adjusted. The position of the trigger plate 30 can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual curvature and flatness of the tunnel arch, ensuring that all trigger plates 30 can fit tightly against the arch, avoiding the problem of some trigger plates 30 being suspended and unable to sense settlement due to unevenness of the arch, thus adapting to the arch environment of different tunnels.

[0051] The telescopic column 33 is a polygonal column structure. This structure restricts the telescopic column 33 to move only along the axis and prevents it from rotating, providing a stable foundation for precise adjustment of the trigger plate 30 (through the threaded engagement of the screw 31).

[0052] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the reference component was designed as follows. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the reference components of this invention each include two first T-shaped blocks 50, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the travel groove 42 of the mounting plate. One end of each first T-shaped block 50 extends into the travel groove 42. A first stud 52 is rotatably connected to one of the first T-shaped blocks 50, and one end of the first stud 52 is threadedly connected to the other first T-shaped block 50. Reference arms 51 are provided on both first T-shaped blocks 50. Figure 6 As can be seen, in this embodiment, the part of the first stud 52 that connects the two first T-blocks 50 is hidden inside the travel groove 42 of the mounting plate, that is, the two first T-blocks 50 are detachably connected in the hollow part inside the mounting plate 41, which can effectively avoid the external connection affecting the settlement of the telescopic column 33.

[0053] By adjusting the tightness of the first stud 52, the installation position of the first T-blocks 50 on both sides on the mounting plate 41 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the distance and position of the two reference arms 51. During installation, the reference benchmark can be flexibly set according to the initial position of the telescopic column 33 and the monitoring accuracy requirements, solving the problem that fixed reference parts cannot be adapted to different monitoring scenarios.

[0054] In order to install sensor 63 and enable the sensor positions on each group of detection units to be adjustable according to the actual conditions of the corresponding tunnel arch, such as Figure 5 As shown, the present invention symmetrically arranges two second T-shaped blocks 60 on both sides of the travel groove 42 of the mounting plate, and one end of each second T-shaped block 60 extends into the travel groove 42. A second stud 62 is rotatably connected to one of the second T-shaped blocks 60, and one end of the second stud 62 is threadedly connected to the other second T-shaped block 60. A mounting bracket 61 is provided on any one of the second T-shaped blocks 60, and the sensor 63 is mounted on the mounting bracket 61. Figure 5As can be seen, the sensor 63 is installed closer to the lower end of the mounting plate 41 than the reference components (first T-block 50, reference arm 51). Furthermore, the portion of the second stud 62 connecting the two second T-blocks 60 is also hidden inside the travel groove 42 of the mounting plate (the design concept is the same as that for the reference components mentioned above).

[0055] By rotating the second stud 62, the tightness of the second T-blocks 60 on both sides of the stroke groove 42 can be adjusted, and they can slide up and down along the stroke groove 42, causing the sensor 63 on the mounting bracket 61 to move synchronously. The position of the sensor 63 can be adjusted according to the initial position of the telescopic column 33, ensuring that it is fixed and maintained in the corresponding position, thereby accurately detecting the telescopic column 33 that exceeds the displacement threshold range.

[0056] In this embodiment, sensor 63 is a proximity sensor, which is used to detect and send a signal in a timely manner when the trigger moves to the limit position; in other embodiments, appropriate detection elements may be selected according to actual application requirements.

[0057] like Figure 8 As shown, a mounting box 70 is provided on the side of the mounting plate 41 away from the telescopic column 33. An opening is formed on one side of the mounting box 70 and a cover plate 71 is provided at the opening. The alarm 80 is located on the upper side of the mounting box 70. The alarm device also includes: a main board 81, which is located inside the mounting box 70, for receiving the sensing signal from the sensor 63 and triggering the alarm 80 to emit an alarm signal; and a battery 82, which is located inside the mounting box 70, for supplying power to the main board 81.

[0058] The mounting box 70 can isolate the motherboard 81 and battery 82 from the dust and humid air in the tunnel. After the cover plate 71 is closed, it can further prevent the impact of gravel or the seepage of construction sewage, avoid short circuits and rust of electronic components, ensure stable power supply of the power supply system and normal operation of the alarm 80, and solve the problem of damage to electrical equipment caused by the harsh environment of the tunnel.

[0059] The electrical connection between sensor 63, alarm 80, motherboard 81 and battery 82, as well as the basic functional logic of each component working together to achieve data transmission, alarm triggering and power supply protection, are all conventional technical means that are generally known and mastered by personnel in the relevant technical field. The relevant details will not be elaborated here.

[0060] In conjunction with the foregoing, a further preferred embodiment of the present invention is, as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the mounting plate 41 has a scale line 43 on the side near the telescopic column 33.

[0061] The scale line 43 is directly marked on the side near the expansion column 33. By observing the corresponding position of the upper limit plate 34 of the expansion column 33 and the scale line 43, the staff can quickly read the settlement displacement of the arch without relying on additional measuring tools.

[0062] When the sensor 63 is transmitting data or the alarm system is not triggered, the scale line 43 can be used as a backup monitoring basis. If the limit plate 34 is found to move significantly along the scale line 43, the abnormal settlement of the arch can be judged in time. At the same time, the accuracy of the sensor 63 data can be directly verified to avoid misjudgment due to data deviation.

[0063] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, an operation method for an automatic measurement and alarm device for settlement of the tunnel arch in a TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) is also provided, including the following steps:

[0064] Arch frame installation: Move the arch frame 10 to the preset testing area inside the tunnel, and after completing the assembly of the arch plate 20 and the arch frame 10, position and fix the arch frame 10.

[0065] Detection unit assembly: Install each group of detection units at the preset installation positions on the arched plate 20;

[0066] Trigger adjustment: Adjust the position of the trigger plate 30 according to the actual height of the tunnel arch so that the trigger plate 30 is in close contact with the tunnel arch under the elastic force of the compression spring 32, forming the initial reference position;

[0067] Reference component calibration: Based on the initial reference position of the trigger component, adjust the relative position of the two first T-blocks 50 by adjusting the first stud 52, so that the reference arm 51 is precisely aligned with the limiting plate 34 of the trigger component. After the debugging is completed, lock and fix the two first T-blocks 50.

[0068] Alarm unit settings: Adjust sensor 63 to the position of the tunnel arch settlement early warning threshold and fix it; when the tunnel arch settles and causes the trigger to move, and the amount of displacement reaches the early warning threshold, limit plate 34 triggers sensor 63 to start the alarm mechanism.

[0069] The detailed working process of this operation method is as follows: First, complete the overall assembly of the arch frame 10 and the arch plate 20 and then position and fix them; then assemble the testing unit step by step, which conforms to the construction logic of frame first and components later, adapts to the environment of limited space and complex working conditions in the tunnel, reduces the installation difficulty and improves the assembly efficiency.

[0070] Trigger adjustment involves adjusting the position of trigger plate 30 and using the spring force of compression spring 32 to ensure it is in close contact with the arch, thus ensuring the initial reference position matches the actual arch state. Reference calibration, combined with adjusting the reference arm 51 based on the initial position of the trigger, ensures the accuracy of the reference reference, reduces initial errors, and provides a foundation for the accuracy of subsequent settlement monitoring.

[0071] The sensor 63 is fixed at the warning threshold position in advance. When the settlement of the arch causes the trigger to move to the threshold, the limit plate 34 directly triggers the sensor 63 to start the alarm, forming a direct response logic of "settlement displacement - triggering sensor 63 - starting alarm", which ensures timely alarm. At the same time, the threshold position can be flexibly adjusted according to the tunnel geological conditions to adapt to different risk scenarios.

[0072] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for automatic measurement and alarm of vault settlement in tunneling by TBM, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a tunnel vault settlement displacement synchronous sensing device and method, including: An arch frame (10) is uniformly distributed with multiple groups of support arms (12), and each group of support arms (12) extends outward along the radial direction of the arch frame (10); Multiple groups of arch plates (20) are arranged along the upper circumferential side of the arch frame (10), and the two ends of each arch plate (20) are detachably connected with the corresponding two groups of support arms (12) to form an arc surface that matches the contour of the tunnel vault; Multiple groups of detection units are arranged along the length direction of each arch plate (20), each detection unit includes a mounting member detachably connected with the corresponding arch plate (20), a trigger member movably arranged on the mounting member, and a reference member arranged on the mounting member, the trigger member is used for abutting contact with the tunnel vault to synchronously sense the settlement displacement of the tunnel vault, and the reference member is arranged opposite to the trigger member and is used for indicating the initial reference position when the trigger member abuts against the tunnel vault; An alarm unit includes a sensor (63) arranged on the mounting member and an alarm (80) that alarms based on the sensing signal emitted by the sensor (63), the sensor (63) is arranged on the mounting member to indicate the position of the tunnel vault settlement early warning threshold to emit a sensing signal when the trigger member approaches it; Each mounting member includes a mounting seat (40) detachably connected with the arch plate (20), one side of the mounting seat (40) is provided with a mounting plate (41), and the mounting plate (41) is provided with a stroke slot (42) penetrating through the left and right sides; Each trigger member includes a telescopic column (33) movably arranged on the mounting seat (40), one end of the telescopic column (33) away from the mounting plate (41) is adjustably provided with a trigger plate (30), one end away from the trigger plate (30) is provided with a limiting plate (34), wherein a compression spring (32) is sleeved on the telescopic column (33), and the compression spring (32) is located between the trigger plate (30) and the mounting seat (40); Each reference member includes two first T-shaped blocks (50), the two first T-shaped blocks (50) are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the stroke slot (42), one end of each first T-shaped block (50) extends into the stroke slot (42), one of the first T-shaped blocks (50) is rotatably connected with a first threaded column (52), one end of the first threaded column (52) is threadedly connected with the other first T-shaped block (50), and each of the first T-shaped blocks (50) is provided with a reference arm (51).

2. The automatic TBM tunneling arch crown settlement measuring and alarming device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each support arm (12) is provided with a connecting plate (121) at the outward extending end, each arch plate (20) is provided with a first clamping slot (21) at both ends, and each connecting plate (121) is clamped in the corresponding first clamping slot (21).

3. The automatic TBM tunneling arch crown settlement measuring and alarming device according to claim 1, characterized in that: One side of the trigger plate (30) is provided with a screw rod (31), and the screw rod (31) is threadedly connected with the telescopic column (33).

4. The automatic TBM tunneling arch crown settlement measuring and alarming device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two second T-shaped blocks (60) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the stroke slot (42), and one end of each second T-shaped block (60) extends into the stroke slot (42), wherein one second T-shaped block (60) is rotatably connected with a second stud (62), one end of the second stud (62) is threadedly connected with another second T-shaped block (60), and each second T-shaped block (60) is provided with a mounting rack (61), and the sensor (63) is arranged on the mounting rack (61).

5. The automatic TBM tunneling arch crown settlement measuring and alarming device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting plate (41) is provided with a mounting box (70) on the side away from the telescopic column (33), one side of the mounting box (70) is formed with an opening and provided with a cover plate (71), and the alarm device (80) is arranged on the upper side of the mounting box (70); the alarm device further comprises: a main board (81) located in the mounting box (70) and used for receiving the sensing signal of the sensor (63) and triggering the alarm device (80) to send an alarm signal; a storage battery (82) located in the mounting box (70) and used for supplying power to the main board (81).

6. The automatic TBM tunneling arch crown settlement measuring and alarming device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting plate (41) is provided with a scale line (43) on the side close to the telescopic column (33).

7. The operation method of the automatic TBM tunneling vault settlement measuring and alarming device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Arch frame installation: moving the arch frame (10) to the preset detection area in the tunnel, and positioning and fixing the arch frame (10) after completing the assembly of the arch plate (20) and the arch frame (10); Detection unit assembly: each group of detection units is installed in the preset installation position of the arch plate (20); Trigger adjustment: adjusting the position of the trigger plate (30) according to the actual height of the tunnel vault, so that the trigger plate (30) is in close abutment with the tunnel vault under the elastic force of the compression spring (32), and an initial reference position is formed; Reference calibration: according to the initial reference position of the trigger, the relative position of the two first T-shaped blocks (50) is adjusted by adjusting the first stud (52), so that the reference arm (51) is accurately aligned with the limiting plate (34) of the trigger, and the two first T-shaped blocks (50) are locked and fixed after the adjustment is completed; Alarm unit setting: adjust the sensor (63) to the tunnel vault settlement early warning threshold position and fix it; when the tunnel vault settlement drives the trigger to displace, and the displacement reaches the early warning threshold, the limiting plate (34) triggers the sensor (63), and the alarm mechanism is started.

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