Flame-retardant functional aluminum alloy conductor cable

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of cable, and discloses a kind of flame-retardant function aluminum alloy conductor cable;The present application is provided with cable inner expansion layer, cable outer expansion layer and function layer, when cable sheath is damaged by flame, cable outer expansion layer is contacted with flame at this time, expandable graphite in cable outer expansion layer starts to expand at this time, and the missing part of cable sheath is filled, then sodium bicarbonate in function layer starts to occur thermal decomposition reaction, carbon dioxide and water vapor produced by thermal decomposition reaction pass through cable outer expansion layer and directly contact with flame at the gap, which can play the role of auxiliary fire extinguishing, with the continuous combustion of flame, heat is transferred to cable inner expansion layer at this time, expandable graphite in cable inner expansion layer starts to expand, which plays the role of pushing, and the expandable graphite is pushed out at the gap of cable sheath, so that flame is away from cable insulation layer, which plays the role of blocking flame.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cable technology, and in particular to a flame-retardant aluminum alloy conductor cable. Background Technology

[0002] A cable is a flexible conductor assembly used to transmit electrical energy, electrical signals, or realize electromagnetic energy conversion. Its core function is to establish a stable electrical connection between different devices, circuits, or areas. At the same time, through a multi-layer structure, the conductor is protected from the influence of the external environment, ensuring safe, efficient, and reliable transmission.

[0003] In Chinese Patent Publication No. CN215450929U, this application relates to the field of cables, and in particular to a cold-resistant and flame-retardant rubber-sheathed cable with an aluminum alloy conductor for wind power generation. The cold-resistant and flame-retardant rubber-sheathed cable with an aluminum alloy conductor for wind power generation includes an aluminum alloy conductor, an insulation layer wrapped around the aluminum alloy conductor, an outer sheath layer wrapped around the insulation layer, and tensile steel wire. The aluminum alloy conductor is made of multiple aluminum alloy monofilaments twisted together, and the twisting structure adopts a profiled wire compression hinge structure. The tensile steel wire is wrapped inside the aluminum alloy monofilaments. This application has the effect of reducing the cost of wind power cables.

[0004] Regarding the above and existing related technologies, the inventors believe that the following defects often exist: When an open flame is present in the external environment, the fireproof layer inside the existing flame-retardant aluminum alloy conductor cable can effectively prevent the flame from entering. However, as the flame continues to burn, the fire resistance of the fireproof layer will decrease, and the flame may enter the inside of the cable, causing the cable insulation layer to melt and decompose, resulting in leakage and short circuit. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is that the fire resistance of the fireproof layer in the prior art is not enough to prevent flame intrusion for a long time. To address this, we propose a flame-retardant aluminum alloy conductor cable.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution: a flame-retardant functional aluminum alloy conductor cable, comprising: an aluminum alloy conductor, an outer cable insulation layer fixedly connected to the outer side of the aluminum alloy conductor, a cable support layer fixedly connected to the outer side of the cable insulation layer, a cable perforated groove opened inside the cable support layer, an inner expansion layer fixedly connected to the outer side of the cable support layer, an expansion layer connecting plate fixedly connected to the outer wall of the inner expansion layer, an outer expansion layer fixedly connected to the outer wall of the expansion layer connecting plate, barbs fixedly connected to the side of the expansion layer connecting plate, a functional layer fixedly connected to the outer wall of the barbs, a cable stabilizing layer fixedly connected to the outer side of the outer expansion layer, and a cable sheath fixedly connected to the outer side of the cable stabilizing layer.

[0007] Preferably, the cable support layer is a double-layer structure, and the cross-section of the cable slot is triangular.

[0008] Preferably, the upper layer thickness of the cable support layer is the same as the lower layer thickness, and the sum of the upper and lower layer thicknesses of the cable support layer is equal to the height of the cable perforation groove.

[0009] Preferably, both the inner and outer expansion layers of the cable are made of expandable graphite, and the thickness of the inner expansion layer is five times that of the outer expansion layer.

[0010] Preferably, the barbs of the connecting plate are evenly spaced on the sides of the expansion layer connecting plate, and the expansion layer connecting plate is evenly spaced on the outer wall of the inner expansion layer of the cable.

[0011] Preferably, the expansion layer connecting plate is used to connect the inner expansion layer and the outer expansion layer of the cable, and the expansion layer connecting plate divides the functional layers at equal intervals.

[0012] Preferably, the functional layer is made of sodium bicarbonate, which undergoes a thermal decomposition reaction when heated.

[0013] Preferably, the chemical equation for the thermal decomposition reaction of sodium bicarbonate is as follows: , and Both are gases.

[0014] Preferred, and It can play an auxiliary role in fire extinguishing, as the solid volume of sodium bicarbonate decreases after thermal decomposition.

[0015] Preferably, the cable stabilizing layers are staggered and made of stainless steel.

[0016] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows: This invention comprises an inner expansion layer, an outer expansion layer, and a functional layer. When the cable sheath is damaged by flames, the outer expansion layer comes into contact with the flames. At this time, the expandable graphite in the outer expansion layer begins to expand, filling the missing part of the cable sheath. Subsequently, the sodium bicarbonate in the functional layer begins to undergo a thermal decomposition reaction. The carbon dioxide and water vapor produced by the thermal decomposition reaction pass through the outer expansion layer and come into direct contact with the flames at the gap, which can play an auxiliary role in extinguishing the fire. As the flames continue to burn, heat is transferred to the inner expansion layer, and the expandable graphite in the inner expansion layer begins to expand, playing an upward pushing role. This pushes the expandable graphite outward at the gap in the cable sheath, causing the flames to move away from the cable insulation layer and thus blocking the flames. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The disclosure of this invention is illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this invention. In the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to refer to the same parts:

[0018] Figure 1 This is a front view structural diagram of the flame-retardant aluminum alloy conductor cable of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the flame-retardant aluminum alloy conductor cable of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the flame-retardant aluminum alloy conductor cable of the present invention. Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point A; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the functional layer portion of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the wastewater recycling tank portion of the present invention; Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 5 Enlarged structural diagram at point B; Figure 8 This is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of the cable stabilization layer portion of the present invention.

[0019] Legend: 1. Cable aluminum alloy conductor; 2. Cable insulation layer; 3. Cable support layer; 4. Cable perforated groove; 5. Cable inner expansion layer; 6. Expansion layer connecting plate; 7. Cable outer expansion layer; 8. Connecting plate barbs; 9. Functional layer; 10. Cable stabilizing layer; 11. Cable sheath. Detailed Implementation

[0020] It is readily understood that, based on the technical solution of this invention, those skilled in the art can propose various interchangeable structural methods and implementations without altering the essential spirit of the invention. Therefore, the following detailed embodiments and accompanying drawings are merely illustrative examples of the technical solution of this invention and should not be considered as the entirety of the invention or as limitations or restrictions on the technical solution of this invention.

[0021] According to one embodiment of the present invention, Figures 1 to 8 As shown.

[0022] Aluminum alloy conductor cables are cables that use aluminum alloy as the core conductive carrier. By adding alloying elements such as magnesium, silicon, iron, and copper to pure aluminum, the defects of pure aluminum, such as low strength, easy oxidation, and poor fatigue resistance, are optimized, while retaining the advantages of aluminum's lightweight and low cost. Ultimately, this achieves transmission functions that meet conductivity standards, reliable mechanical properties, and controllable installation costs. It is an important alternative to traditional copper conductor cables and pure aluminum conductor cables. Existing flame-retardant aluminum alloy conductor cables, during use, can effectively cope with short-term, localized fires due to the lightweight and economical nature of the aluminum alloy conductor and the initial fire-retardant capability of the fire-resistant layer. The cable is protected against open flames. When an open flame appears in the external environment, the fireproof layer inside the cable can effectively prevent the flame from entering. In the early stages of an open flame, the fireproof layer blocks the flame from entering the cable, ensuring the structural integrity of the conductor and insulation layer and maintaining normal power transmission function. However, as the flame continues to burn, the fire resistance of the fireproof layer will gradually decrease due to long-term high-temperature erosion and the consumption of flame-retardant components. This may lead to the flame entering the cable, causing the cable insulation layer 2 to melt and decompose, resulting in leakage and short circuit. To solve this problem, the present invention has made the following design in the flame-retardant aluminum alloy conductor cable.

[0023] A flame-retardant aluminum alloy conductor cable includes: an aluminum alloy conductor 1, which is the core conductive component of the cable responsible for transmission. It is made of high-purity aluminum as the base material, with precise addition of alloying elements such as magnesium, silicon, iron, and copper, through processes such as smelting, drawing, and stranding. Its core objective is to retain the lightweight and low-cost advantages of aluminum while addressing the shortcomings of pure aluminum conductors, such as low strength, poor fatigue resistance, and easy oxidation, ultimately becoming a conductive carrier suitable for cable transmission requirements. An insulation layer 2 is fixedly connected to the outside of the aluminum alloy conductor 1. The insulation layer 2 is a crucial layer wrapped around the outside of the cable conductor for electrical isolation. Its core function is to prevent current leakage from the conductor to the outside and to protect the conductor from external environmental corrosion. It is a core barrier ensuring safe power transmission and stable signals. Without the insulation layer, direct exposure of the conductor can lead to leakage, short circuits, and even serious accidents such as electric shock and fire. A cable support layer 3 is fixedly connected to the outside of the insulation layer 2. The cable support layer 3 is a structural skeleton layer located inside the cable, between the core layer and the outer protective layer. Its core function is to provide mechanical support. To maintain the overall stability of the cable, balance internal and external pressures, and isolate different functional layers, the cable support layer 3 has a cable perforated groove 4 inside. An inner cable expansion layer 5 is fixedly connected to the outside of the cable support layer 3. An expansion layer connecting plate 6 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the inner cable expansion layer 5. An outer cable expansion layer 7 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the expansion layer connecting plate 6. Barbs 8 are fixedly connected to the sides of the expansion layer connecting plate 6. A functional layer 9 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the barbs 8. A cable stabilizing layer 10 is fixedly connected to the outside of the outer cable expansion layer 7. A cable sheath 11 is fixedly connected to the outside of the cable stabilizing layer 10. The cable sheath 11 is the outermost protective barrier wrapped around the cable, directly in contact with the external environment. Its core function is to resist external threats such as mechanical damage, environmental corrosion, and biological damage, while protecting the core components inside the cable, such as the conductor, insulation layer, and support layer, from harm. This ensures the cable's long-term stable operation in complex environments. It is the cable's outer garment; without the sheath's protection, the internal structure will be quickly damaged, leading to cable leakage, short circuits, or even failure.

[0024] The cable support layer 3 has a double-layer structure. The cross-section of the cable perforation groove 4 is triangular. The upper and lower layers of the cable support layer 3 have the same thickness, and the sum of their thicknesses equals the height of the cable perforation groove 4. Both the inner expansion layer 5 and the outer expansion layer 7 are made of expandable graphite. The thickness of the inner expansion layer 5 is five times that of the outer expansion layer 7. The barbs 8 of the connecting plate are evenly spaced along the sides of the expansion layer connecting plate 6, and the expansion layer connecting plate 6 is evenly spaced along the outer wall of the inner expansion layer 5. The expansion layer connecting plate 6 connects the inner expansion layer 5 and the outer expansion layer 7. The expansion layer connecting plate 6 divides the functional layer 9 at equal intervals. The functional layer 9 is made of sodium bicarbonate. Sodium bicarbonate undergoes a thermal decomposition reaction when heated. The chemical equation for the thermal decomposition reaction of sodium bicarbonate is: , and It can play an auxiliary role in fire extinguishing. After the thermal decomposition reaction of sodium bicarbonate, the solid volume becomes smaller. The cable stabilization layer 10 is staggered and made of stainless steel.

[0025] The thermal decomposition of sodium bicarbonate refers to the chemical reaction in which, under heating conditions, the chemical bonds of sodium bicarbonate break, decomposing into more stable sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide gas, and water vapor. Carbon dioxide does not support combustion and, being denser than air, forms a gas barrier around the flame, isolating the flame from oxygen and diluting the oxygen concentration in the air, thus suffocating the fire. Water vapor rapidly vaporizes upon contact with the high-temperature flame, absorbing a large amount of heat in the process, significantly lowering the temperature of the flame and its surrounding environment, disrupting the combustion temperature conditions, and assisting in fire extinguishing. The resulting sodium carbonate is a white solid powder that adheres to the surface of combustible materials, forming a solid... The thermal insulation layer further blocks heat transfer and delays flame reignition. The core benefit of the sodium bicarbonate thermal decomposition reaction lies in its ability to address the fundamental conditions of combustion, achieving multiple values ​​of fire extinguishing and protection through the characteristics of its products. It is particularly suitable for scenarios with high safety and specific requirements, such as flame-retardant cables. In terms of fire extinguishing efficiency, it does not simply block combustion, but rather works through the synergistic effect of three products. The carbon dioxide produced by decomposition is denser than air, forming a gas barrier around the flame, both isolating oxygen and diluting the ambient oxygen concentration, thus cutting off combustion at its oxygen source. When water vapor comes into contact with the high-temperature flame, it rapidly vaporizes, absorbing a large amount of heat and precisely reducing the flame's intensity. The flame and surrounding temperature lowers the ignition point of the combustible material, disrupting the combustion temperature conditions. The resulting sodium carbonate powder adheres to the surface of the combustible material, forming a non-combustible insulating layer that prevents the flame from contacting the internal combustible material. This triple action works simultaneously for more thorough and rapid fire extinguishing. From a safety perspective, it completely avoids the shortcomings of traditional flame-retardant materials. The only byproducts are carbon dioxide, water vapor, and sodium carbonate, all of which are non-toxic and harmless. Carbon dioxide is a natural component of air, and sodium carbonate is a common edible alkali. Even in enclosed or densely populated areas such as subways and cable shafts, it will not release irritating toxic gases or harmful residues, ensuring both safe evacuation and... To avoid environmental pollution, and because the sodium carbonate residue after fire extinguishing is easily soluble in water and can be easily cleaned up, there is no need to worry about equipment corrosion or cleaning difficulties. In addition, the controllability of the reaction and the ability to prevent reignition are particularly outstanding. Sodium bicarbonate is stable and does not decompose at room temperature, and only starts to react when the temperature rises. The larger the fire and the higher the temperature, the faster the decomposition rate, which can accurately match the pace of fire development and avoid premature failure or delayed reaction. After the fire is extinguished, the residual carbon dioxide can maintain a low-oxygen environment, and the sodium carbonate solid layer provides continuous heat insulation. The double protection greatly extends the time to prevent reignition and reduces the risk of secondary flame spread, providing long-term safety protection for cable, building and other scenarios.

[0026] When a flame-retardant aluminum alloy conductor cable is in use, if an external flame appears, the flame will begin to burn the cable sheath 11. When a tear appears in the cable sheath 11, the outer expansion layer 7 of the cable will come into direct contact with the flame. At this time, the outer expansion layer 7 will expand due to heat, and the expanded portion will fill the gap in the cable sheath 11 to prevent the flame from penetrating. During the expansion of the outer expansion layer 7, the cable stabilizing layer 10 adopts a mesh structure to cover the outer expansion layer 7 and ensure its stability during the expansion process. As the flame continues to burn, the temperature will penetrate to the functional layer 9. The functional layer 9 is mainly made of sodium bicarbonate. Sodium bicarbonate undergoes a thermal decomposition reaction when heated, producing carbon dioxide and water vapor. The carbon dioxide and water vapor will then release water under pressure. Under the action of carbon dioxide and water vapor, the flames pass through the outer expansion layer 7 of the cable and are discharged directly from the damaged area of ​​the cable sheath 11. At this time, the flames are in the vicinity. Carbon dioxide and water vapor extinguish the flames at the damaged area of ​​the cable sheath 11, increasing the heat resistance time of the cable body. When the fire is large, the inner expansion layer 5 of the cable begins to expand under the action of high temperature. The cable support layer 3 is provided with a cable perforated groove 4. The cable perforated groove 4 adopts a triangular design and has strong support force, which can effectively counteract the squeezing force of the inner expansion layer 5 of the cable, causing the inner expansion layer 5 of the cable to squeeze outward. The force generated by the expansion pushes the outer structure upward, causing the flames at the damaged area of ​​the cable sheath 11 to move away from the cable insulation layer 2, playing a flame-retardant role, and at the same time making the cable withstand the high temperature for a longer time.

[0027] The cable is equipped with an inner expansion layer 5, an outer expansion layer 7, and a functional layer 9. When the cable sheath 11 is damaged by flames, the outer expansion layer 7 comes into contact with the flames. At this time, the expandable graphite in the outer expansion layer 7 begins to expand. The expanded carbon layer tightly adheres to the edge of the sheath gap, gradually filling the missing part of the cable sheath 11 and forming a ring-shaped sealing barrier. This initially blocks the flames from further intruding into the cable, buying time for subsequent fire extinguishing actions. Subsequently, the sodium bicarbonate in the functional layer 9 begins to undergo a thermal decomposition reaction. The carbon dioxide and water vapor produced by the thermal decomposition reaction pass through the outer expansion layer 7 and come into direct contact with the flames at the gap, which can play an auxiliary role in fire extinguishing. As the flames continue to burn, heat is transferred to the inner expansion layer 5, and the expandable graphite in the inner expansion layer 5 begins to expand, which has an upward pushing effect, pushing the expandable graphite outward at the gap in the cable sheath 11, so that the flames are away from the cable insulation layer 2, thus blocking the flames.

[0028] The moment a tear appears in the cable sheath 11, the expandable graphite in the outer expansion layer 7 immediately expands due to heat, quickly filling the gap in the sheath. This is equivalent to temporarily repairing the gap, immediately blocking the intrusion of flames and high-temperature gases into the cable, and preventing the insulation layer and aluminum alloy conductor from coming into premature contact with the flames. This buys crucial reaction time for subsequent fire extinguishing. While the outer expansion layer is sealing the gap, heat is conducted to the functional layer 9. The carbon dioxide and water vapor generated by sodium bicarbonate pass through the porous channels of the outer expansion layer and directly rush towards the root of the flame at the gap. The carbon dioxide dilutes the oxygen, and the water vapor absorbs heat and cools down. The two work together to precisely extinguish the flames, preventing the flames from expanding along the gap or spreading axially towards the cable. If the fire is large, the expandable graphite in the inner expansion layer generates thrust, pushing the outer expansion layer and the remaining structure of the functional layer 9 outwards from the gap. This causes the fire barrier to move outwards, extending the distance between the root of the flames and the insulation layer and aluminum alloy conductor of the cable core, completely removing them from the direct burning range of the flames, upgrading from passive fire blocking to active isolation.

[0029] The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the content described above. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the above embodiments without departing from the technical concept of this invention, and all such modifications and variations should fall within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A flame-retardant aluminum alloy conductor cable, characterized in that, include: The cable has an aluminum alloy conductor, an outer cable insulation layer, and an outer cable support layer. The cable support layer has internal cable perforations. An inner cable expansion layer is fixedly connected to the outer side of the support layer. An expansion layer connecting plate is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the inner expansion layer. An outer cable expansion layer is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the connecting plate. Barbs are fixedly connected to the sides of the connecting plate. A functional layer is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the barbs. A cable stabilizing layer is fixedly connected to the outer side of the outer expansion layer. A cable sheath is fixedly connected to the outer side of the stabilizing layer. Both the inner and outer expansion layers are made of expandable graphite. The thickness of the inner expansion layer is five times that of the outer expansion layer. The functional layer is made of sodium bicarbonate, which undergoes thermal decomposition upon heating. The chemical equation for the sodium bicarbonate thermal decomposition reaction is as follows: The and All are gases, the and It can play an auxiliary role in fire extinguishing, and the solid volume of sodium bicarbonate decreases after thermal decomposition.

2. The flame-retardant aluminum alloy conductor cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cable support layer has a double-layer structure, and the cross-section of the cable slot is triangular.

3. The flame-retardant aluminum alloy conductor cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper and lower layers of the cable support layer have the same thickness, and the sum of the upper and lower layers of the cable support layer is equal to the height of the cable perforation groove.

4. The flame-retardant aluminum alloy conductor cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The barbs on the connecting plate are evenly spaced along the sides of the expansion layer connecting plate, and the expansion layer connecting plate is evenly spaced along the outer wall of the inner expansion layer of the cable.

5. The flame-retardant aluminum alloy conductor cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The expansion layer connecting plate is used to connect the inner expansion layer and the outer expansion layer of the cable, and the expansion layer connecting plate divides the functional layers at equal intervals.

6. The flame-retardant aluminum alloy conductor cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cable stabilizing layers are staggered and are made of stainless steel.

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