A flexible assembly of perovskite and crystalline silicon cell laminated combination and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of laminated battery, and particularly relates to a flexible assembly of perovskite and crystalline silicon battery laminated combination and a preparation method thereof, which comprises a glass substrate, a perovskite battery combination with a plurality of perovskite battery units, a crystalline silicon back contact battery combination with a plurality of crystalline silicon battery units, a flexible circuit board provided with solder points and conductive circuits, and the edge of the perovskite battery combination continues to extend outward along the parallel direction of the edge of the crystalline silicon back contact battery combination, the extended part of the perovskite battery combination is soldered on the flexible circuit board, the back of the crystalline silicon back contact battery combination is attached and soldered on the flexible circuit board, and the crystalline silicon battery units and the perovskite battery units are connected in series or parallel through the solder points and the conductive circuits in the flexible circuit board. The present application can significantly improve the conversion efficiency and stability of the laminated battery, simplify the process, reduce the cost, and have the flexibility setting capability.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of laminated batteries, and particularly relates to a flexible assembly of a perovskite and a crystalline silicon battery laminated combination and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of solar cells, the laminated technology of perovskite and crystalline silicon batteries has attracted much attention due to its high efficiency and low cost. However, the mismatch of current density between perovskite and crystalline silicon batteries has always been a key factor limiting the improvement of the conversion efficiency of laminated batteries. Perovskite batteries have higher light absorption and shorter carrier recombination lifetime, while crystalline silicon batteries have lower light absorption and longer carrier recombination lifetime. This difference leads to a higher current density generated by perovskite batteries than by crystalline silicon batteries in the laminated structure, resulting in current loss and affecting the overall battery conversion efficiency.

[0003] Currently, in order to solve the problem of mismatch of current density between perovskite and crystalline silicon batteries, the main measures taken include adjusting the battery structure, optimizing the material formula and improving the battery manufacturing process. For example, by changing the thickness of the perovskite layer or the doping concentration of the crystalline silicon layer to adjust the current density; or by introducing an intermediate layer material to balance the current output of the two batteries. However, these methods often require complex process adjustments, and it is difficult to accurately control the matching of the current density, resulting in limited improvement of the efficiency of laminated batteries.

[0004] In summary, although the existing technology attempts to solve the problem of mismatch of current density between perovskite and crystalline silicon batteries to some extent, there are still some problems and deficiencies: First, the existing structure adjustment and material optimization methods often require complex process flow, which is costly and difficult to achieve large-scale production. Second, these methods are difficult to accurately control the matching of the current density in practical applications, resulting in limited improvement of the efficiency of laminated batteries. In addition, the stability and reliability of the current density matching of the existing technical solutions in response to different light conditions and temperature changes also have problems. At the same time, in order to expand the use scenarios of solar cells, it is also necessary to obtain a flexible laminated battery. Therefore, it is of great practical significance and application value to develop a new type of flexible perovskite and crystalline silicon laminated battery and achieve good current matching.

[0005] It should be noted that this part of the present application only provides background technology related to the present application, and does not necessarily constitute prior art or known technology. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application aims to overcome the defects of low current density matching precision and insufficient stability of perovskite and crystalline silicon cells in the existing technology, which leads to limited efficiency improvement and complex preparation process and high cost, and provides a flexible assembly of perovskite and crystalline silicon cell stack combination and a preparation method thereof. The flexible assembly of perovskite and crystalline silicon cell stack combination can significantly improve the conversion efficiency and stability of the stacked battery, simplify the process, reduce the cost, and has the flexibility setting capability, and is suitable for solar power generation, building integrated photovoltaics and portable energy equipment fields.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, in a first aspect, the present application provides a flexible assembly of perovskite and crystalline silicon cell stack combination, comprising a glass substrate, a perovskite cell combination with a plurality of perovskite cell units, a crystalline silicon back contact cell combination with a plurality of crystalline silicon cell units, and a flexible circuit board provided with solder points and conductive circuits, the perovskite cell combination is attached to the glass substrate, and the edge of the perovskite cell combination continues to extend outward along the parallel direction of the edge of the crystalline silicon back contact cell combination, the extended part of the perovskite cell combination is soldered to the flexible circuit board through the solder points, the back of the crystalline silicon back contact cell combination is attached and soldered to the flexible circuit board through the solder points, and the crystalline silicon cell units and the perovskite cell units are connected in series or parallel through the solder points and the conductive circuits in the flexible circuit board, and the crystalline silicon cell units contain a plurality of crystalline silicon sub-cells connected in series or parallel, and the perovskite cell units contain a plurality of perovskite sub-cells connected in series or parallel; wherein the absolute value of the difference between the total working current density of the crystalline silicon sub-cells contained in a single crystalline silicon cell unit and the total working current density of the perovskite sub-cells contained in a single perovskite cell unit is less than 2.0 mA.

[0008] In some preferred embodiments of the present application, the number of crystalline silicon sub-cells contained in a single crystalline silicon cell unit is n, the working current density of a single crystalline silicon sub-cell is J1, the effective working area of a single crystalline silicon sub-cell is S1, the number of perovskite sub-cells contained in a single perovskite cell unit is m, the working current density of a single perovskite sub-cell is J2, and the effective working area of a single perovskite sub-cell is S2, which satisfies: J1x n x S1 = J2x m x S2.

[0009] In some preferred embodiments of the present application, n is 1-10, m is 1-10; and / or, J1 is 30-40 mA / cm 2 , J2 is 20-26 mA / cm 2 .

[0010] In some preferred embodiments of the present application, S1 is 0.5-5 cm 2 , S2 is 0.8-8 cm 2 .

[0011] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the overall area of ​​a single crystalline silicon sub-cell is the same as or different from the overall area of ​​a single perovskite sub-cell, and when the overall areas of the two are the same, the length or width of the single crystalline silicon sub-cell is different from that of the single perovskite sub-cell.

[0012] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the overall area of ​​a single perovskite sub-cell is larger than the overall area of ​​a single crystalline silicon sub-cell.

[0013] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, crystalline silicon solar cell units and perovskite solar cell units are connected in series or in parallel through solder joints and conductive lines in a flexible circuit board. The specific structure includes: connecting the conductive lines sequentially to the positive electrode of the crystalline silicon solar cell unit, the negative electrode of the crystalline silicon solar cell unit, the positive electrode of the perovskite solar cell unit, and the negative electrode of the perovskite solar cell unit.

[0014] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the crystalline silicon cell unit and the perovskite cell unit are connected in series through solder joints and conductive lines in a flexible circuit board. The number of crystalline silicon sub-cells contained in a single crystalline silicon cell unit is n, and the number of perovskite sub-cells contained in a single perovskite cell unit is m; wherein n=m, and the conductive lines are connected in series sequentially with a single crystalline silicon sub-cell and a single perovskite sub-cell, or the single crystalline silicon sub-cell and the single perovskite sub-cell are connected in series alternately; or, n is not equal to m, and the conductive lines are first connected in series with n crystalline silicon sub-cells, then with m perovskite sub-cells, or the n crystalline silicon sub-cells and the m perovskite sub-cells are connected in series alternately.

[0015] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the flexible component of the perovskite and crystalline silicon cell stack combination also has at least one of the following structures: Structure 1, a plurality of perovskite cell units are attached to the glass substrate by an adhesive layer; Structure 2, the perovskite cell combination and the crystalline silicon back contact cell combination are connected by an adhesive layer; Structure 3, a plurality of crystalline silicon sub-cells contained in the crystalline silicon cell unit are connected to the flexible circuit board by solder paste or conductive silver paste; Structure 4, the side of the glass substrate away from the perovskite cell combination has glass substrate cleavage grooves that correspond to and overlap with the overall pattern formed by the plurality of perovskite sub-cells so as to flexibly move with the plurality of perovskite sub-cells; Structure 5, an insulating adhesive layer is provided between the flexible circuit board and the crystalline silicon back contact cell combination.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for fabricating a flexible component consisting of a perovskite and crystalline silicon solar cell stack, which is used to fabricate a flexible component consisting of a perovskite and crystalline silicon solar cell stack as described in the first aspect. The fabrication method specifically includes the following steps: S1, attaching the back side of the crystalline silicon back contact solar cell stack to the side of the flexible circuit board where solder joints and conductive lines are set, and attaching the perovskite solar cell stack to a glass substrate; S2, aligning the side of the perovskite solar cell stack attached to the glass substrate close to the front side of the crystalline silicon back contact solar cell stack, such that the edge of the perovskite solar cell stack continues to extend outward in a direction parallel to the edge of the crystalline silicon back contact solar cell stack; S3, then soldering the extended portion of the perovskite solar cell stack to the flexible circuit board via solder joints.

[0017] Beneficial effects:

[0018] This invention, through the above-mentioned technical solution, particularly by setting the edge of the perovskite solar cell assembly to extend outward in a direction parallel to the edge of the crystalline silicon back contact solar cell assembly, and soldering the extended portion of the perovskite solar cell assembly to a flexible circuit board, connects the crystalline silicon solar cell unit and the perovskite solar cell unit to the flexible circuit board respectively, and connects the two solar cell units in series through the solder points and conductive lines in the flexible circuit board. This eliminates the need for an insulating connection layer between the perovskite solar cell assembly and the crystalline silicon back contact solar cell assembly, reducing the complexity of the fabrication process and its adverse effects, thereby significantly improving the stability of the tandem solar cell. Combined with the design... The crystalline silicon solar cell unit and the perovskite solar cell unit are each divided into several corresponding sub-cells. The absolute value of the difference in the total operating current density between the crystalline silicon solar cell unit and the perovskite solar cell unit is controlled to be less than 2.0mA. This achieves a high degree of current density matching between the perovskite solar cell and the crystalline silicon solar cell, effectively solving the efficiency loss problem caused by current mismatch and significantly improving the overall conversion efficiency of the tandem solar cell. By adopting a small-cell structure and flexible circuit board welding and wiring connection method, the complex material formulation optimization or structural adjustment process is replaced, which simplifies the production process, reduces production costs, and makes it easier to achieve large-scale industrial production.

[0019] Furthermore, the small-cell battery structure of this invention facilitates flexible configuration of the number, area, and series / parallel connections of perovskite and crystalline silicon sub-cells, enabling effective adaptation to perovskite and crystalline silicon cells with different performance parameters, significantly improving the adaptability and universality of the technical solution. By employing a glass substrate and flexible circuit board, combined with the small-cell battery structure and glass substrate (preferably a split-cell groove structure), the flexible characteristics of the stacked battery are achieved, expanding its application scenarios in portable energy devices and other areas requiring flexibility. Through the series and parallel configuration of the small-cell batteries, the circuit can be adjusted at will, enabling precise optimization of the current / voltage matching of perovskite and crystalline silicon cells, giving it broad application prospects and market demand in multiple fields such as solar power generation, building-integrated photovoltaics, and portable energy devices.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, by setting the area of ​​a single crystalline silicon sub-cell to be the same as or different from the area of ​​a single perovskite sub-cell, and when the areas are the same, the lengths or widths of the single crystalline silicon sub-cell and the single perovskite sub-cell are different, the flexibility of area adjustment required for current density matching is ensured, and sufficient space is provided for the solder joint connection of the flexible circuit board, ensuring the reliability and stability of the connection between battery cells, and further improving the practicality and assembly convenience of the stacked battery structure. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is an exploded view of a specific embodiment of the flexible component of the perovskite and crystalline silicon solar cell stacked combination of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of a specific embodiment of the flexible component of the perovskite and crystalline silicon solar cell stack combination of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the conductive lines of a unit module after welding, representing a specific embodiment of the flexible component of the perovskite and crystalline silicon battery stack combination of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the current flow direction of a specific embodiment of the flexible component of the perovskite and crystalline silicon solar cell stack combination of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5This is a unit module conductive circuit diagram of a specific embodiment of the flexible component of the perovskite and crystalline silicon cell stack combination of the present invention (wherein, the ratio of the number of crystalline silicon sub-cells to the number of perovskite sub-cells is not 1:1, but specifically 2:3).

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the series and parallel combination of the battery cells of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the overall assembly of the flexible circuit board and battery unit of the present invention.

[0029] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0030] 1. Glass substrate; 2. Perovskite solar cell assembly; 3. Crystalline silicon back contact solar cell assembly; 4. First conductive line; 5. Second conductive line; 6. Flexible circuit board; 7. Positive electrode of perovskite solar cell unit; 8. Negative electrode of crystalline silicon solar cell unit; 9. Positive electrode of crystalline silicon solar cell unit; 10. Negative electrode of perovskite solar cell unit; 11. First solder joint; 12. Second solder joint; 13. Perovskite solar cell unit; 14. Crystalline silicon solar cell unit; 15. Perovskite sub-cell; 16. Crystalline silicon sub-cell; 17. Peripheral circuitry. A. Intermediate adhesive layer. Detailed Implementation

[0031] In this invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0032] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0033] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the ranges and individual point values, and individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed herein. The terms "optional" and "optional" mean that they may or may not be included (or may or may not be present).

[0034] In this invention, the area closer to the silicon wafer is considered the inside, and the area farther from the silicon wafer is considered the outside.

[0035] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a flexible component comprising a perovskite and crystalline silicon solar cell stack, including a glass substrate, a perovskite solar cell assembly having a plurality of perovskite solar cell units, a crystalline silicon back contact solar cell assembly having a plurality of crystalline silicon solar cell units, and a flexible circuit board having solder joints and conductive lines, wherein the perovskite solar cell assembly is attached to the glass substrate, and the edge of the perovskite solar cell assembly extends outward in a direction parallel to the edge of the crystalline silicon back contact solar cell assembly. The extended portion of the perovskite solar cell assembly is soldered to the flexible circuit board via solder joints, and the crystalline silicon back contact solar cell assembly... The back side is attached to the flexible circuit board by solder joints, and the crystalline silicon cell unit and the perovskite cell unit are connected in series or in parallel through solder joints and conductive lines in the flexible circuit board. The crystalline silicon cell unit contains several crystalline silicon sub-cells connected in series or in parallel, and the perovskite cell unit contains several perovskite sub-cells connected in series or in parallel. The absolute value of the difference between the total operating current density of the crystalline silicon sub-cells contained in a single crystalline silicon cell unit and the total operating current density of the perovskite sub-cells contained in a single perovskite cell unit is less than 2.0 mA, preferably 0.

[0036] In this invention, the total operating current density refers to the sum of the current densities generated within the effective operating area of ​​a number of sub-cells. For example, the total operating current density of a number of crystalline silicon sub-cells contained in a single crystalline silicon cell unit refers to the sum of the current densities generated within the effective operating area of ​​the number of crystalline silicon sub-cells contained in the single crystalline silicon cell unit.

[0037] This flexible module combining perovskite and crystalline silicon solar cells sets up crystalline silicon and perovskite solar cells as having several sub-cells connected in series or in parallel. These sub-cells are connected in series or in parallel using solder joints and conductive lines on a flexible circuit board. The absolute value of the difference in the total operating current density between the two cells is controlled within a specific range. This structural configuration allows for flexible adjustment of the number of sub-cells and precise control of current density, which is conducive to achieving a high degree of current density matching to reduce efficiency loss and improve overall conversion efficiency. Furthermore, the simplified connection method, such as flexible circuit board soldering, helps to reduce process complexity and production costs, facilitating large-scale industrial production.

[0038] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the number of crystalline silicon sub-cells contained in a single crystalline silicon cell unit is n, the operating current density of a single crystalline silicon sub-cell is J1, and the effective operating area of ​​a single crystalline silicon sub-cell is S1. The number of perovskite sub-cells contained in a single perovskite cell unit is m, the operating current density of a single perovskite sub-cell is J2, and the effective operating area of ​​a single perovskite sub-cell is S2, which satisfies: J1×n×S1=J2×m×S2. The present invention preferably provides a precise calculation basis and control standard for a high degree of matching of the current densities of the two by adopting a quantitative relationship where the number, operating current density, and effective operating area of ​​suitable crystalline silicon and perovskite sub-cells must satisfy J1×n×S1=J2×m×S2. This further effectively solves the efficiency loss caused by current mismatch, and is more conducive to improving the overall conversion efficiency. Moreover, this quantitative adjustment method based on quantity and volume does not require complex processes, which is more conducive to reducing production costs and realizing large-scale industrial production.

[0039] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, n is 1-10, more preferably 1-5, and m is 1-10, more preferably 1-5. The present invention employs an appropriate number of crystalline silicon sub-cells and perovskite sub-cells, which is more conducive to matching the operating currents of the two types of cells, such as perovskite cells and crystalline silicon cells, reducing current loss and power consumption.

[0040] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, J1 is 30-40 mA / cm 2 J2 is at 20-26 mA / cm 2 The change in current density can be achieved by adjusting existing processes, such as by adjusting the absorption layer process of a single perovskite sub-cell to obtain the target current density.

[0041] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, S1 is 0.5-5 cm. 2 S2 is 0.8-8cm 2 The effective working area can be adjusted by changing the size of the corresponding battery.

[0042] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the overall area of ​​a single crystalline silicon sub-cell may be the same as or different from the overall area of ​​a single perovskite sub-cell, and when their overall areas are the same, the lengths or widths of the single crystalline silicon sub-cell and the single perovskite sub-cell may differ. The overall area includes the effective working area of ​​the corresponding cell and other non-working areas. By allowing the areas of a single crystalline silicon sub-cell and a perovskite sub-cell to be the same or different, and adjusting for the same area through differences in length or width, the present invention provides a flexible area control space for current density matching. This facilitates the adaptation of different sub-cell performance parameters to reduce efficiency loss and improve conversion efficiency. Furthermore, this flexible setting eliminates the need for complex process adjustments, reducing production difficulty and facilitating large-scale industrial production.

[0043] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the overall area of ​​a single perovskite sub-cell is larger than the overall area of ​​a single crystalline silicon sub-cell. This preferred approach effectively matches the operating currents of the two types of cells, further improving the overall conversion efficiency of the tandem cell. Moreover, this area difference setting eliminates the need for complex processes, reducing production control difficulties and facilitating large-scale industrial production.

[0044] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, crystalline silicon solar cell units and perovskite solar cell units are connected in series or parallel via solder joints and conductive lines in a flexible circuit board. Specifically, the structure includes sequentially connecting the conductive lines to the positive electrode of the crystalline silicon solar cell unit, the negative electrode of the crystalline silicon solar cell unit, the positive electrode of the perovskite solar cell unit, and the negative electrode of the perovskite solar cell unit. By sequentially connecting the positive and negative electrodes of the crystalline silicon solar cell unit and the perovskite solar cell unit in series via solder joints and conductive lines in the flexible circuit board, a stable current transmission path is ensured. This provides a reliable circuit basis for a high degree of matching of current densities between the two units, reducing efficiency loss and improving conversion efficiency. Furthermore, this standardized series structure simplifies the connection process, reduces production complexity, and is more conducive to large-scale industrial production.

[0045] Preferably, in this invention, the crystalline silicon solar cell unit and the perovskite solar cell unit are connected in series via solder joints and conductive lines in a flexible circuit board.

[0046] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the number of crystalline silicon sub-cells contained in a single crystalline silicon cell unit is n, and the number of perovskite sub-cells contained in a single perovskite cell unit is m. In one embodiment, n=m, and the conductive lines are connected in series sequentially with a single crystalline silicon sub-cell and a single perovskite sub-cell, and the single crystalline silicon sub-cell and the single perovskite sub-cell are connected in series alternately.

[0047] In another implementation, n is not equal to m, and the conductive circuit first connects n crystalline silicon sub-cells in series, then connects m perovskite sub-cells in series, with the n crystalline silicon sub-cells and m perovskite sub-cells being connected in series alternately.

[0048] This invention, by flexibly setting the number of crystalline silicon sub-cells and perovskite sub-cells (n and m can be equal or different) and alternating series connection, can precisely control the current matching degree according to the performance difference between the two to reduce efficiency loss and improve conversion efficiency. Moreover, this modular series structure simplifies the circuit setting and assembly process, reduces production difficulty, and is more conducive to large-scale industrial production.

[0049] In this invention, the materials of the solder joints and their conductive lines can be, for example, copper foil.

[0050] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of perovskite solar cell units are attached to a glass substrate by an adhesive layer. Attaching the perovskite solar cell units to the glass substrate by an adhesive layer helps ensure the stability of the perovskite solar cell assembly structure, providing a reliable structural basis for achieving a high degree of matching of operating current density with crystalline silicon solar cell units to improve overall conversion efficiency. Furthermore, the adhesive layer attachment process is simple and easy to implement, reducing production difficulty and facilitating large-scale industrial production.

[0051] In this invention, the specific structures of the crystalline silicon sub-cells, the perovskite sub-cells, and their series and parallel connections can be achieved as long as they can realize the series and parallel connections between the crystalline silicon cell units and the perovskite cell units required by this invention.

[0052] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the perovskite solar cell assembly and the crystalline silicon back contact solar cell assembly are connected by an adhesive layer. The adhesive layer further improves the stability of the stacked solar cell assembly composed of the perovskite solar cell assembly and the crystalline silicon back contact solar cell assembly.

[0053] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of crystalline silicon sub-cells contained in a crystalline silicon cell unit are connected to a flexible circuit board via solder paste or conductive silver paste.

[0054] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the side of the glass substrate away from the perovskite cell assembly has glass substrate cleavage grooves that correspond to and overlap with the overall pattern formed by the plurality of perovskite sub-cells, allowing for flexible movement with the plurality of perovskite sub-cells. The connection between its flexible circuit board and its crystalline silicon cell units can be, for example, as described in CN118073429B.

[0055] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, an insulating adhesive layer is provided between the flexible circuit board and the crystalline silicon back contact battery assembly. By providing an insulating adhesive layer between the flexible circuit board and the crystalline silicon back contact battery assembly, the risk of short circuit is avoided, which is more conducive to ensuring the stability of current transmission. It provides a reliable circuit environment for the precise matching of current density between perovskite and crystalline silicon batteries to improve conversion efficiency. Moreover, the process of setting the insulating adhesive layer is simple, reducing the circuit protection cost in production and making it more conducive to large-scale industrial production.

[0056] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for fabricating a flexible component consisting of a perovskite and crystalline silicon solar cell stack, which is used to fabricate a flexible component consisting of a perovskite and crystalline silicon solar cell stack as described in the first aspect. The fabrication method specifically includes the following steps: S1, attaching the back side of the crystalline silicon back contact solar cell stack to the side of the flexible circuit board where solder joints and conductive lines are set, and attaching the perovskite solar cell stack to a glass substrate; S2, aligning the side of the perovskite solar cell stack attached to the glass substrate close to the front side of the crystalline silicon back contact solar cell stack, such that the edge of the perovskite solar cell stack continues to extend outward in a direction parallel to the edge of the crystalline silicon back contact solar cell stack; S3, then soldering the extended portion of the perovskite solar cell stack to the flexible circuit board via solder joints.

[0057] This fabrication method achieves the bonding of crystalline silicon back contact cell assembly to flexible circuit board, bonding of perovskite cell assembly to glass substrate, and precise alignment welding in steps, which is more conducive to ensuring stable connection of stacked structure and provides reliable process guarantee for high matching of current density between the two to improve conversion efficiency. Moreover, the steps are simple and easy to operate, reducing production complexity and making it more conducive to large-scale industrial production.

[0058] Preferably, the preparation method of the present invention further includes, in the S3 process, setting an adhesive layer in the middle of the perovskite solar cell assembly to fix it to the front side of the crystalline silicon back contact solar cell assembly.

[0059] The embodiments of the present invention described below are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] A flexible module combining perovskite and crystalline silicon solar cells, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4As shown, the assembly includes a glass substrate 1, a perovskite battery assembly 2 with three perovskite battery cells 13, a crystalline silicon back contact battery assembly 3 with two crystalline silicon battery cells 14, and a flexible circuit board 6 with solder joints and conductive lines arranged sequentially. The perovskite battery assembly 2 is attached to the glass substrate 1, and the edge of the perovskite battery assembly 2 extends outward in a direction parallel to the edge of the crystalline silicon back contact battery assembly 3. The extended portion of the perovskite battery assembly 2 is soldered to the flexible circuit board 6 through solder joints to form a first conductive line 4. The back side of the crystalline silicon back contact battery assembly 3 is attached to the flexible circuit board 6 through solder joints to form a second conductive line 5. Crystalline silicon solar cell 14 and perovskite solar cell 13 are connected in series via corresponding solder points and conductive lines in the flexible circuit board 6 and peripheral lines 17. The specific structure includes: crystalline silicon solar cell positive electrode 9, crystalline silicon solar cell negative electrode 8, perovskite solar cell positive electrode 7, and perovskite solar cell negative electrode 10 are sequentially connected in series via corresponding conductive lines. Crystalline silicon solar cell 14 and perovskite solar cell 13 are thus alternately connected in series (i.e., crystalline silicon solar cell 14, perovskite solar cell 13, crystalline silicon solar cell 14, perovskite solar cell 13, crystalline silicon solar cell 14, perovskite solar cell 13, crystalline silicon solar cell 14). Figure 5 As shown, and as Figure 6 As shown, the flexible module, which is electrically connected via peripheral line 17, has the following overall structure: a combination of perovskite and crystalline silicon solar cells. Figure 7 As shown. The glass substrate 1, on the side away from the perovskite cell assembly 2, has glass substrate cleft grooves that correspond to and overlap with the overall pattern formed by the plurality of perovskite sub-cells 15, allowing for flexible movement with the plurality of perovskite sub-cells 15. An insulating adhesive layer is provided between the flexible circuit board 6 and the crystalline silicon back contact cell assembly 3. The plurality of perovskite cell units 13 are attached to the glass substrate 1 via the adhesive layer. The perovskite cell assembly 2 and the crystalline silicon back contact cell assembly 3 are connected via an intermediate adhesive layer A. The plurality of crystalline silicon sub-cells 16 contained in the crystalline silicon cell unit 14 are connected to the flexible circuit board via solder paste.

[0062] Furthermore, the crystalline silicon cell unit 14 contains two crystalline silicon sub-cells 16 connected in parallel, and the voltage of the crystalline silicon cell unit 14 after parallel connection is 0.6V. The perovskite cell unit 13 contains three perovskite sub-cells 15 connected in parallel, and the voltage of the perovskite cell unit 13 after parallel connection is 1.1V. The total voltage of a single crystalline silicon cell unit 14 and a single perovskite cell unit 13 is 1.1V + 0.6V = 1.7V.

[0063] Specifically, the absolute value of the difference between the total operating current density of the two crystalline silicon sub-cells 16 contained in the crystalline silicon cell unit 14 and the total operating current density of the three perovskite sub-cells 15 contained in the perovskite cell unit 13 is 0 mA. The current flow of the perovskite cell unit 13 and the crystalline silicon cell unit 14 is as follows: Figure 4 As shown.

[0064] The overall area of ​​a single perovskite sub-cell 15 is larger than that of a single crystalline silicon sub-cell 16, and the two have the same thickness.

[0065] The number n of crystalline silicon sub-cells 16 contained in the crystalline silicon cell unit 14 is 2, and the operating current density J1 of a single crystalline silicon sub-cell 16 is 30 mA / cm². 2 The effective working area S1 is 1 cm². 2 The number m of perovskite sub-cells 15 contained in the perovskite solar cell unit 13 is 3, and the operating current density J2 of a single perovskite sub-cell 15 is 20 mA / cm². 2 The effective working area S2 is 1cm² 2 It satisfies: J1×n×S1=J2×m×S2, that is, 20mA / cm 2 × 3×1cm 2 =30mA / cm 2 × 2×1cm 2 = 60mA, meaning the total operating current density is the same.

[0066] Example 2

[0067] Refer to Example 1, except that, as Figure 3 As shown, n=m=1. The extension of the perovskite cell assembly 2 is soldered to the flexible circuit board 6 via the first solder point 11 to form the first conductive line 4. The back side of the crystalline silicon back-contact cell assembly 3 is attached to the flexible circuit board 6 via the second solder point 12 to form the second conductive line 5. In this case, the corresponding conductive lines in the flexible circuit board 6 are connected in series with a single crystalline silicon sub-cell 16 and a single perovskite sub-cell 15, and the single crystalline silicon sub-cell 16 and the single perovskite sub-cell 15 are connected in series alternately. The current density J2 of the single perovskite sub-cell 15 is adjusted to 24 mA / cm². 2 The effective working area S1 of a single crystalline silicon sub-cell 16 was adjusted to 0.8 cm². 2 Under these conditions, calculations show that the perovskite solar cell unit 13 has an A / cm² value of 24 mA. 2 ×1×1cm 2 = 30mA / cm in crystalline silicon cell 14 2 ×1×0.8cm 2 = 24mA, meaning the total operating current density is the same.

[0068] Example 3

[0069] The same procedure is followed as in Example 1, except that the area of ​​a single perovskite sub-cell 15 is adjusted to equal the area of ​​a single crystalline silicon sub-cell 16, but the length of a single perovskite sub-cell 15 is greater than the length of a single crystalline silicon sub-cell 16. Specifically, the length of a single perovskite sub-cell 15 is adjusted to 1.25 times that of a single crystalline silicon sub-cell 16.

[0070] Comparative Example 1

[0071] The process is carried out in accordance with Example 1, except that the edges of the perovskite solar cell assembly are aligned with the edges of the crystalline silicon back contact solar cell assembly, meaning that their overall coverage areas are the same, and an insulating connection layer is provided between the perovskite solar cell assembly and the crystalline silicon back contact solar cell assembly.

[0072] Comparative Example 2

[0073] The procedure was carried out in accordance with Example 1, except that the total operating current density (60 mA) of the crystalline silicon cell unit was different from that of the perovskite cell unit. Specifically, the number of perovskite cell units in the perovskite cell unit was m=2, and the total operating current density of the perovskite cell units was 20 mA / cm². 2 ×2×1cm 2 = 40mA.

[0074] Test case

[0075] The perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells obtained in the above embodiments and comparative examples were tested for performance, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0076] The evaluation method and standard for stability are as follows: If the attenuation value after 1000 hours of continuous light exposure stability testing (50℃ / 60% RH) is less than 3%, and the attenuation value after 1000 hours of high temperature and high humidity environment (85℃ / 85% RH) is less than 3%, then the stability is excellent. If the attenuation value W1 after 1000 hours of continuous light exposure stability testing (50℃ / 60% RH) is between 3% and 5%, and the attenuation value W2 after 1000 hours of high temperature and high humidity environment (85℃ / 85% RH) is less than 3%, then the stability is good; or, if the attenuation value W1 after 1000 hours of continuous light exposure stability testing (50℃ / 60% RH) is less than 3%, and the attenuation value W2 after 1000 hours of high temperature and high humidity environment (85℃ / 85% RH) is within 3% to 5%, then the stability is good.

[0077] The reliability evaluation method and standard are as follows: After 200 cycles of testing in an extreme temperature difference environment (-40℃~85℃), the degradation value is less than 2%. Furthermore, after applying a static mechanical load (2400 Pa, simulated snow pressure) or a dynamic load (1000 Pa, simulated wind pressure) to the battery surface for 1 hour, there are no short circuits, open circuits, no cracks in the appearance, and the degradation value is less than 0.5%, indicating excellent reliability. After 200 cycles of testing in an extreme temperature difference environment (-40℃~85℃), the degradation value is 2%-3%. Alternatively, after applying a static mechanical load (2400 Pa, simulated snow pressure) or a dynamic load (1000 Pa, simulated wind pressure) to the battery surface for 1 hour, there are no short circuits, open circuits, no cracks in the appearance, and the degradation value is 0.5%-1%. In other words, if either of these conditions exceeds the excellent range, the reliability is good.

[0078] Table 1

[0079]

[0080] The results above show that, compared with the comparative example, the embodiment of the present invention is beneficial to improving the current density matching accuracy between the perovskite sub-cell and the crystalline silicon sub-cell in the tandem solar cell, while significantly improving the long-term stability and reliability of the device, thereby significantly improving the cell conversion efficiency.

[0081] Furthermore, as can be seen from Examples 1 and 2-3, the preferred scheme of the present invention is more conducive to achieving precise matching of current density, and significantly improves the conversion efficiency, long-term stability and reliability of the tandem battery.

[0082] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above; however, the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the inventive concept, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable manner. These simple modifications and combinations should also be considered as the content disclosed in the present invention and are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A flexible module combining perovskite and crystalline silicon solar cells, characterized in that, The device comprises, in sequence, a glass substrate, a perovskite solar cell assembly with several perovskite solar cell units, a crystalline silicon back-contact solar cell assembly with several crystalline silicon solar cell units, and a flexible circuit board with solder joints and conductive lines. The glass substrate employs a split-groove structure. The perovskite solar cell assembly is attached to the glass substrate, and the edge of the perovskite solar cell assembly extends outward in a direction parallel to the edge of the crystalline silicon back-contact solar cell assembly. The extended portion of the perovskite solar cell assembly is soldered to the flexible circuit board via solder joints. The back side of the crystalline silicon back-contact solar cell assembly is attached to the flexible circuit board via solder joints. The crystalline silicon solar cell units and the perovskite solar cell units are connected in series or parallel via solder joints and conductive lines in the flexible circuit board. Each crystalline silicon solar cell unit contains several crystalline silicon sub-cells connected in series or parallel. A cell unit comprises several perovskite sub-cells connected in series or parallel. The absolute value of the difference between the total operating current density of the crystalline silicon sub-cells in a single crystalline silicon cell unit and the total operating current density of the perovskite sub-cells in a single perovskite cell unit is less than 2.0 mA. The number of crystalline silicon sub-cells in a single crystalline silicon cell unit is n, the operating current density of a single crystalline silicon sub-cell is J1, and the effective operating area of ​​a single crystalline silicon sub-cell is S1. The number of perovskite sub-cells in a single perovskite cell unit is m, the operating current density of a single perovskite sub-cell is J2, and the effective operating area of ​​a single perovskite sub-cell is S2, satisfying: J1×n×S1=J2×m×S2, where n is 1-10 and m is 1-10; J1 is between 30-40 mA / cm². 2 J2 is at 20-26 mA / cm 2 S1 is 0.5-5cm 2 S2 is 0.8-8cm 2 .

2. The flexible module of perovskite and crystalline silicon solar cell stacked assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The overall area of ​​a single crystalline silicon sub-cell may be the same as or different from that of a single perovskite sub-cell, and when the overall areas of the two are the same, the length or width of the single crystalline silicon sub-cell and the single perovskite sub-cell may be different.

3. The flexible module of perovskite and crystalline silicon solar cell stacked assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The total area of ​​a single perovskite subcell is larger than that of a single crystalline silicon subcell.

4. The flexible module of perovskite and crystalline silicon solar cell stacked assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The crystalline silicon solar cell and the perovskite solar cell are connected in series or in parallel through solder joints and conductive lines in the flexible circuit board. The specific structure includes: the conductive lines are connected in sequence to the positive electrode of the crystalline silicon solar cell, the negative electrode of the crystalline silicon solar cell, the positive electrode of the perovskite solar cell, and the negative electrode of the perovskite solar cell.

5. The flexible module of the perovskite and crystalline silicon solar cell stacked combination according to claim 4, characterized in that, The crystalline silicon solar cell units and perovskite solar cell units are connected in series via solder joints and conductive lines on a flexible circuit board. The number of crystalline silicon sub-cells in a single crystalline silicon solar cell unit is n, and the number of perovskite sub-cells in a single perovskite solar cell unit is m. n=m, and the conductive circuit is connected in series with a single crystalline silicon sub-cell, a single perovskite sub-cell, and then the single crystalline silicon sub-cell and the single perovskite sub-cell are connected in series alternately. Alternatively, n is not equal to m, and the conductive circuit first connects n crystalline silicon sub-cells in series, then connects m perovskite sub-cells in series, with the n crystalline silicon sub-cells and m perovskite sub-cells connected in series alternately.

6. The flexible module of the perovskite and crystalline silicon solar cell stacked combination according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible module combining perovskite and crystalline silicon solar cells also has at least one of the following structures: Structure 1: Several perovskite solar cell units are attached to the glass substrate by an adhesive layer; Structure 2: The perovskite cell assembly and the crystalline silicon back contact cell assembly are connected by an adhesive layer.

7. The flexible module of perovskite and crystalline silicon solar cell stacked assembly according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Several crystalline silicon sub-cells contained in a crystalline silicon cell unit are connected to a flexible circuit board via solder paste or conductive silver paste.

8. The flexible module of perovskite and crystalline silicon solar cell stacked assembly according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The glass substrate has glass substrate cleavage grooves on the side away from the perovskite cell assembly that correspond to and overlap with the overall pattern formed by the perovskite sub-cells, so as to flexibly move with the perovskite sub-cells.

9. The flexible module of perovskite and crystalline silicon solar cell stacked assembly according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, An insulating adhesive layer is placed between the flexible circuit board and the crystalline silicon back contact battery assembly.

10. A method for fabricating a flexible module consisting of a perovskite and crystalline silicon solar cell stack, characterized in that, It is used to prepare flexible components of perovskite and crystalline silicon solar cell stacks as described in any one of claims 1-9, and the preparation method specifically includes the following steps: S1. The back side of the crystalline silicon back contact cell assembly is attached to the side of the flexible circuit board with solder joints and conductive lines, and the perovskite cell assembly is attached to the glass substrate. S2. Place one side of the perovskite solar cell assembly with the glass substrate attached close to the front side of the crystalline silicon back contact solar cell assembly, so that the edge of the perovskite solar cell assembly continues to extend outward in a direction parallel to the edge of the crystalline silicon back contact solar cell assembly. S3. Then, the extended portion of the perovskite solar cell assembly is soldered onto the flexible circuit board via solder joints.

Images