Relay device, relay method, and base station

Abstract

A relay device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is provided with: a reception unit that receives angle information and distance information relating to a terminal; and a control unit that determines, on the basis of at least one of the angle information and the distance information, a precoder that is applied to a signal facing the terminal and that is calculated on the basis of a multiplication of a first matrix and a second matrix. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, communication in a wireless communication system using a high-frequency band can be appropriately performed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to relay devices, relay methods, and base stations in next-generation mobile communication systems. Background Technology

[0002] In Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) networks, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was standardized with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Furthermore, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was standardized with the aim of further increasing capacity and improving the height of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project) (3GPP (registered trademark)) Releases (Rel.) 8 and 9.

[0003] The research is also on successor systems to LTE (e.g., also known as the 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), the 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel.15 and later, etc.).

[0004] Existing technical documents

[0005] Non-patent literature

[0006] Non-patent document 1: 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010 Summary of the Invention

[0007] The problem that the invention aims to solve

[0008] The use of the sub-Terahertz band is being studied in future wireless communication systems (e.g., after NR).

[0009] However, the details of utilizing such high-frequency bands to achieve high data rates and wide coverage have not been fully investigated. Without clarifying these details, there are concerns about reduced communication quality and system throughput.

[0010] Therefore, one of the purposes of this disclosure is to provide a relay device, relay method, and base station for properly conducting communications in a wireless communication system using the Asia-Pacific Hertz band.

[0011] Methods for solving problems

[0012] One aspect of the relay device disclosed herein includes: a receiving unit for receiving angle information and distance information related to a terminal; and a control unit for determining, based on at least one of the angle information and the distance information, a precoder calculated based on a multiplication operation of a first matrix and a second matrix for a signal directed toward the terminal.

[0013] Invention Effects

[0014] According to one aspect of this disclosure, communication in a wireless communication system using a high-frequency band can be appropriately performed. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1A and Figure 1B This is a diagram representing an example of a user in the high-frequency domain.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating an example of communication utilizing the NCR structure.

[0017] Figure 3 This diagram illustrates an example of communication utilizing RIS.

[0018] Figures 4A-4C This diagram illustrates an example of beamforming methods for long and short distances.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a system architecture that incorporates RIS.

[0020] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the pre-encoder involved in implementation method 1-1-1.

[0021] Figure 7 This is a diagram representing an example of a reference point.

[0022] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the pre-encoder involved in implementation method 1-1-2.

[0023] Figure 9This is a diagram representing an example of a uniform grid in orthogonal coordinates.

[0024] Figure 10 This is a diagram representing an example of a non-uniform grid in spherical coordinates.

[0025] Figure 11 This is a diagram illustrating an example of aperture adaptation involved in implementation 2-1-1.

[0026] Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating an example of aperture adaptation involved in implementation method 2-1-2.

[0027] Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating another example of aperture adaptation involved in implementation 2-1-2.

[0028] Figures 14A-14C This is a diagram illustrating an example of a pattern related to aperture.

[0029] Figures 15A-15C This is a diagram showing an example of the RIS implementations involved in options 3-1-1 to 3-1-3.

[0030] Figure 16 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the schematic structure of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment.

[0031] Figure 17 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a base station according to one embodiment.

[0032] Figure 18 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a user terminal according to one embodiment.

[0033] Figure 19 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware structure of a base station and a user terminal according to one embodiment.

[0034] Figure 20 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0035] (Utilization of Asia-Pacific Hertz Waves)

[0036] In future wireless communication systems (e.g., 6G and beyond), there is research into utilizing the Asia-Pacific Hertz (e.g., 100GHz to 300GHz) band (spectrum) at higher frequencies than existing systems (e.g., NRRel.15 / 16 / 17) to achieve data rates of 100Gbps while maintaining adequate coverage.

[0037] As one of the topics, this paper lists the design of a line-of-sight (LOS) - MIMO (Multi-Input Multi-Output) transmission mode suitable for access links with a target of 100GHz, 100Gbps, and 100m (coverage range).

[0038] Figure 1A This is a diagram representing an example of a distant user in the high-frequency domain. Figure 1A In the example shown, the size of the base station (BS) for the ultra-large-scale (Mega) MIMO is limited for distant users, thus preventing regular orthonormal transmission.

[0039] Figure 1B This diagram represents an example of a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) user in the high-frequency domain. For NLOS users, effective LOS-MIMO transmission is not possible due to obstructions (e.g., buildings, etc.).

[0040] In existing NR MIMO (NR MIMO), LOS-MIMO is not supported. In existing NR systems, achieving a data rate of 100Gbps requires a very large bandwidth, which is difficult to guarantee.

[0041] For NR MIMO, the design supports only rank 1 transmission in each polarization direction for antenna far-field use within a LOS channel. Rank 2 multiplexing becomes possible by utilizing dual polarization, but ranks higher than rank cannot be utilized. Achieving 100Gbps requires tens of GHz of bandwidth, which is difficult to achieve in practical systems and places high demands on RF components.

[0042] The LOS-MIMO schemes that are already under research have problems such as being unsuitable for access links or requiring excessively large array sizes because they require fixed transmit and receive locations.

[0043] Therefore, research is underway on the introduction of technologies such as fixed, large-spacing antenna arrays, OAM (Orbital Angular Momentum)-MIMO, and RIS (Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface)-aided Mega MIMO.

[0044] After Rel.18, NCR (Network-controlled Repeater) no longer supports multi-layer transmission in terms of channels, hardware, and specifications (standard specifications).

[0045] Regarding channels, in LOS scenarios, the NCR array is relatively small, therefore the channel between the BS and NCR (BS-NCR) is rank 1. In terms of hardware, when the NCR has only one RF chain, for example to reduce hardware costs, the cascaded channel between the BS, NCR, and UE (BS-NCR-UE cascaded channel) becomes a rank 1 keyhole channel. In terms of specifications, the access link (A link) / backhaul link (B link) has only one beam, resulting in highly correlated signals.

[0046] (RIS (Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface))

[0047] In future wireless communication systems, research is underway on introducing RIS (Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface) into communication networks.

[0048] The so-called RIS is an example of a device used to deploy networks with a more flexible and cost-effective approach compared to new types of network (NW) nodes such as Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB), RF repeaters, and NCRs (Network-controlled Repeaters).

[0049] RIS can also be composed of multiple reconfigurable scattering elements (scattering components).

[0050] The RIS can control both the direction of the reflected signal and the direction of the transmitted (refracted) signal.

[0051] Furthermore, in this disclosure, reflection, transmission, and refraction can be interchanged.

[0052] Compared to NCR, which amplifies the relay signal, RIS does not require an RF amplifier. This reduces power consumption.

[0053] RIS can achieve beam gain based on narrowband domain beams; on the other hand, it is necessary to increase the number of RIS beams (beams reflected / refracted by RIS).

[0054] RIS can also reflect / refract signals outside the target frequency.

[0055] RIS can also use materials such as liquid crystals, metals, and semiconductors. For example, it is believed that in RIS using liquid crystals, the beam sweep speed is slower compared to that of semiconductors, making it unsuitable for current beam sweep operations.

[0056] Due to its thin and flexible shape, RIS can also be installed on objects such as buildings.

[0057] Figure 2 This diagram illustrates an example of communication utilizing the NCR structure. An NCR can also include an NCR-mobile termination (MT) and an NCR-forwarding (Fwd) unit. The NCR-MT communicates with the BS (gNB) via a control link.

[0058] Communication between the NCR-MT and the BS may also include at least one of the following: receiving setting / instruction / control information from the BS; sending requests / reports / responses to the BS. The NCR-Fwd relays communication between the BS and the UE by performing relay / amplification from the backhaul link to the access link and from the access link to the backhaul link.

[0059] Figure 3 This diagram illustrates an example of communication utilizing RIS. RIS relays communication between the BS and UE by controlling the reflection angle in at least one of the reflections from the backhaul link to the access link and from the access link to the backhaul link.

[0060] (Beamforming methods for long and short distances)

[0061] As existing beamforming methods for both long-range (far-field (FF)) and short-range (near-field (NF)) distances, several approaches are being investigated.

[0062] For example, the beamforming method can also be DFT-based beamforming (BF), beamfocusing with optimal phase, and beamfocusing with near-range (NF) steering vector.

[0063] DFT-based BF can also be primarily used for signal transmission to long-distance terminals. DFT-based BF can also use angle-dependent linear phase precoders (matrices).

[0064] Figure 4A This is a diagram illustrating an example of DFT-based beamforming (BF). Additionally, Figure 4A An example of a uniform and linear array is shown. In this example, x n It is the distance from the center of the array to element n within the array, and it is the angle of the beam relative to the axis perpendicular to the array.

[0065] Beam focusing with optimal phase can also be primarily used for signal transmission to near-field terminals. Beam focusing with optimal phase can also utilize position (distance)-dependent non-linear phase precoders (matrices).

[0066] Figure 4B This diagram illustrates an example of beam focusing accompanied by optimal phase. Additionally, Figure 4B An example of a uniform and linear array is shown. In this example, D F x' is the focal distance, and x' is the distance from the axis perpendicular to the array to the focal point.

[0067] Beamfocusing with a near-range guide vector can also be primarily used for signal transmission to near-range terminals. Beamfocusing with a near-range guide vector can also utilize a pre-encoder (matrix) based on angle- and position (distance)-dependent quadratic phase.

[0068] Figure 4C This diagram illustrates an example of beam focusing accompanied by a near-range (NF) guide vector. Additionally, Figure 4C An example of a uniform and linear array is shown. In this example, D is the distance from the center of the array to the focal point, and ω is the angle from the axis perpendicular to the array to the straight line connecting the center of the array and the focal point.

[0069] (System architecture including RIS)

[0070] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a system architecture incorporating RIS. The following uses... Figure 5The system architectures that include RIS are described, but these are ultimately just examples.

[0071] System architectures that include RIS can also contain multiple (e.g., 2) design phases.

[0072] For example, a system architecture that includes RIS can also include a pre-adaptation stage for the aperture.

[0073] In the aperture pre-adaptation phase, UE positioning can also be performed first. During UE positioning, the UE can also report information related to its position / attitude to the network (NW). Furthermore, during UE positioning, the NW (base station) estimates information related to the UE's position / attitude based on signals transmitted from the UE (e.g., UL RS).

[0074] In addition, the UE positioning in the aperture pre-adaptation stage can also be omitted.

[0075] Next, in the aperture pre-adaptation stage, the aperture (e.g., antenna element) of the RIS can also be pre-adapted.

[0076] In this disclosure, the term "aperture adaptive" can also mean determining / judging / selecting the antenna element / array used.

[0077] Next, in the aperture pre-adaptation stage, the aperture of the BS (e.g., antenna elements) can also be pre-adapted.

[0078] In addition, system architectures that include RIS can also include beamforming stages.

[0079] The beamforming stage can also be performed after the aperture pre-adaptation stage, for example.

[0080] In the beamforming stage, beamforming in the BS can also be performed first.

[0081] Next, beamforming in RIS can also be performed during the beamforming stage.

[0082] Next, during the beamforming phase, UE-based reception can also be performed. The UE can also use a MIMO receiver based on CSI reception (CSIR).

[0083] In addition, the UE's reception during the beamforming stage can also be omitted.

[0084] (analyze)

[0085] In future wireless communication systems, research is underway to effectively utilize RIS (e.g., (large) RIS repeaters) to achieve LOS-MINO using channels cascaded through BS, RIS, and UE, thereby extending transmission distance.

[0086] Specifically, for example, the use of multiple RTCs (Ring-Type Codebook, e.g., dual RTCs) is being investigated. In this case, a RIS repeater with RTCs can also essentially function in the same way as a so-called lens that converges the transmitted signal to the UE to enhance the signal.

[0087] In addition, for example, research is underway on using conjugate symmetric focal points to simultaneously align multiple signal streams in a UE antenna, thereby obtaining approximately equal gains.

[0088] Furthermore, for example, research is underway on using the aperture (e.g., antenna element) adaptation of the combined BS-RIS to control / adjust the beam pattern of the RIS to make crosstalk interference approximately zero.

[0089] Regarding dual RTC, the RIS repeater with RTC acts like a lens, focusing the electromagnetic waves emitted from the base station's antenna to the array surface of the UE, thus forming an image of the UE.

[0090] It is believed that dual RTC can match the effective focus distance to the distance between BS and RIS, and between RIS and UE, thereby achieving correct focusing.

[0091] By matching the focal distance to the UE's antenna, it is possible to combine this with the aforementioned use of conjugate symmetrical focal points, thereby enhancing signal strength.

[0092] In the utilization of conjugate symmetric focal points, it is believed that by aligning multiple signal streams with the UE antenna / subarray, the focal positions of the two RTCs can be selected conjugate symmetrically, resulting in approximately equal gains.

[0093] Finite-sized RIS may generate side lobes that can cause crosstalk interference.

[0094] Therefore, by adaptively adjusting the aperture of the RIS to form beam patterns (e.g., null-to-null spacing and sidelobe orientation) at any position / direction of the UE array, crosstalk interference can be suppressed. This results in, for example, achieving CSI-free transmission by removing interference, improving SNR by reducing interference, and improving robustness by suppressing interference.

[0095] Furthermore, by using the system described above, it is believed that the transmission distance of the access link can be more than 100m and the peak data rate can be approximately 180Gbps (4 layers, 256QAM).

[0096] Furthermore, by performing standard orthonormal spatial multiplexing that supports CSI-free transmission, full CSI is not required for RIS beam design, and end-to-end CSI transmitters (CSITs) in the BS associated with precoding are not needed.

[0097] Furthermore, it can also support robust designs that achieve average data rates of over 100Gbps with a positional error of 10cm.

[0098] However, when using high-frequency bands such as the Asia-Pacific Hertz spectrum, the aforementioned research findings are not well-defined. More specifically, in systems utilizing RIS, the design of codebooks / precoders for signal reflection / refraction within the RIS, and the implementation of the RIS itself, have not been adequately studied. This lack of sufficient research raises concerns about reduced communication quality and system throughput.

[0099] Therefore, the inventors of this invention have devised a method to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0100] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The wireless communication methods involved in each embodiment can be applied individually or in combination.

[0101] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be rewritten as each other. In addition, in this disclosure, "A / B / C" may also mean "at least one of A, B and C".

[0102] In this disclosure, terms such as notification, activation, deactivation, indication (or indication), selection, configuration, update, and determination can be overridden. Similarly, terms such as support, control, ability to control, operation, and ability to operate can also be overridden.

[0103] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-level parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., can also be modified interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) control elements (CE), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., can also be modified interchangeably.

[0104] In this disclosure, higher-layer signaling may also be any one or a combination of the following: Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., positioning protocol messages (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) messages, etc. from the core network)).

[0105] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may also use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MACCE) or a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU). Broadcast information may also be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), a Minimum System Information (Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI)), or Other System Information (OSI).

[0106] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may also be, for example, downlink control information (DCI) or uplink control information (UCI).

[0107] In this disclosure, the terms aperture, antenna array, array, subarray (multiple antenna elements, part of an array), panel, RIS, RIS array, scattering element array, etc., can be rewritten interchangeably. In this disclosure, the terms antenna, antenna element, scattering element, etc., can also be rewritten interchangeably.

[0108] In this disclosure, NCR, RIS, NCR including RIS, network node, device, IAB, IAB-MT (Mobile Termination), IAB-DU (Distribution Unit), IAB-CU (Central Unit), terminal, base station, relay station, relay device, repeater, reflector, transmissive plate, RIS-NCR, RIS-type NCR, extended NCR, etc. can also be rewritten interchangeably.

[0109] In the following description of various embodiments of this disclosure, RIS (RIS-NCR) will be used as an example, but these names are only examples.

[0110] In this disclosure, the wireless communication method and the relay method can also be rewritten.

[0111] (Wireless communication method)

[0112] <First Implementation Method>

[0113] The first implementation involves codebook / precoder design.

[0114] The codebook / precoder can be either near-range (NF) oriented or far-range (FF) oriented.

[0115] In this disclosure, "near distance" may also mean a distance less than (or below) a specific threshold. In this disclosure, "far distance" may also mean a distance greater than (or above) a specific threshold.

[0116] The RIS (RIS-NCR) can also receive information from the NW for the precoder / codebook. This information may, for example, be information related to the location of other nodes (e.g., UE / NW nodes). This location-related information may, for example, be at least one of angle-related information or distance-related information.

[0117] The first implementation method is generally divided into implementation methods 1-1 and 1-2. Implementation methods 1-1 or 1-2 can be applied, or a combination of implementation methods 1-1 and 1-2 can be applied.

[0118] Implementation Method 1-1

[0119] Implementation method 1-1 relates to the design of a specific codebook / precoder.

[0120] Implementation method 1-1 is generally divided into implementation methods 1-1-1 to 1-1-4. Any one of the following implementation methods 1-1-1 to 1-1-4 can be applied, or at least two of the following implementation methods 1-1-1 to 1-1-4 can be applied in combination.

[0121] The precoder can also be computed, for example, as the output of a specific multiplication operation performed on multiple different precoders / matrices.

[0122] In this disclosure, codebooks, precoders, codewords, matrices, terms, vectors, and elements can also be rewritten.

[0123] [Implementation Method 1-1-1]

[0124] The precoder in RIS can also be a precoder that decouples angle-dependent terms and distance (position)-dependent terms.

[0125] The codebook / precoder described in this embodiment can also be referred to as a single-side NF codebook / precoder.

[0126] Implementation method 1-1-1 can also be used, for example, for beamforming / focusing of NCR containing RIS (RIS-NCR).

[0127] Precoders in RIS can also be, for example, distance-dependent precoders / matrices (e.g., W). Ring ) and angle-dependent precoders / matrices (e.g., W) DFT It is calculated by the product of (e.g., the Hadamard product, which is the product of each element).

[0128] For example, the precoder can also be calculated using Equation 1 below.

[0129] [Mathematical Expression 1]

[0130]

[0131] Here, DF It can also be the axial distance between the array and the focal position. The quantification of the distance will be detailed in the following embodiments 1-2.

[0132] Additionally, in this disclosure, the phase shift involved in the distance-dependent precoder can also be referred to as a ring-type phase distribution. Furthermore, in this disclosure, the codebook involved in the distance-dependent precoder can also be referred to as a ring-type codebook (RTC).

[0133] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the pre-encoder according to embodiment 1-1-1. Figure 6 The image shows an example of a uniform and linear array. Figure 6 In the example shown, beam focusing is first performed along the boresight. This beam focusing can also be performed using the distance-dependent precoder described above. k is the index corresponding to the phase in the DFT.

[0134] exist Figure 6 In the example shown, the next step is to shift the focus position based on the DFT vector. This shift can also be performed using the angle-dependent precoder described above.

[0135] According to implementation method 1-1-1, by utilizing angle-dependent and distance (position)-dependent terms, it is easy to achieve the goal of appropriately sending signals to objects at both long and short distances.

[0136] [Implementation Method 1-1-2]

[0137] The precoder in RIS can also be a precoder that uses piecewise linear approximation with DFT vectors.

[0138] The codebook / precoder described in this embodiment can also be referred to as a one-sided NF codebook / precoder.

[0139] For example, the precoder could also be a precoder that includes terms for each subarray (more than one array) and distance (location) dependencies.

[0140] Implementation 1-1-2 can also be used for, for example, beamforming / focusing of NCR containing RIS (RIS-NCR), and coherent transmission of multiple panels (e.g., panels configured with wide spacing).

[0141] Furthermore, implementation method 1-1-2 is suitable for subarray-based RIS-NCR.

[0142] The precoder in RIS can also be computed, for example, by the product of the precoder of each subarray (more than one array) and the angle-dependent precoder (e.g., the Hadamard product, e.g., the product of each element).

[0143] The precoder for each subarray (more than one array) can also be represented, for example, by the product of the phase offset and the angle offset of each subarray.

[0144] For example, the precoder can also be calculated using the following Equation 2.

[0145] [Mathematical Expression 2]

[0146]

[0147] Here, φ （i，j） PO It can also represent the phase offset of subarray (i, j). The phase offset of subarray (i, j) can also be quantized by specific bits (e.g., b bits) that can take specific values ​​(e.g., values ​​from 0 to 2π). Furthermore, W （i，j） AO It can also represent the angular offset of the subarray (i, j).

[0148] W （i，j） AO It can also be calculated based on the inner product of the vector from the reference point of the array to the reference point of the subarray (i, j) and the vector from the reference point of the subarray (i, j) to the antenna element (m, n) in the subarray (i, j).

[0149] For example, W （i，j） AO It can also be calculated using the following formula 3.

[0150] [Mathematical Expression 3]

[0151]

[0152] Here, D can also be the distance from the array (e.g., the array's reference point) to the object (e.g., the UE). Alternatively, it can be r. （i，j） SA Let r represent the vector from the reference point of the array to the reference point of the subarray (i, j). （m，n） AEThe vector (reference) extends from the reference point of subarray (i, j) to the antenna element (m, n) within subarray (i, j). Figure 7 ).

[0153] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the pre-encoder involved in embodiment 1-1-2. Figure 8 The image shows an example of a uniform and linear array. Figure 8 In the example shown, firstly, beam focusing based on phase offset is performed on multiple arrays (each subarray) (step 1). This beam focusing can also utilize the pre-encoder based on phase offset and angle offset described above.

[0154] exist Figure 8 In the example shown, the next step is to shift the focal position based on the DFT vector (step 2). This shift can also utilize the angle-dependent precoder described above.

[0155] According to implementation method 1-1-2, by utilizing the items and distance (position) dependencies of each subarray (more than one array), signals can be appropriately sent to objects at long and short distances.

[0156] [Implementation Method 1-1-3]

[0157] The precoder in RIS can also be a precoder that utilizes terms related to near distance and terms related to far distance.

[0158] The codebook / precoder described in this embodiment can also be referred to as a one-sided NF codebook / precoder.

[0159] Implementation method 1-1-3 can be used, for example, to obtain CSI in either or both of FF and NF (not limited to FF and NF), and can also be used for localization / sensing of NF.

[0160] The precoder in RIS can also be computed, for example, by the product of a first precoder and a second precoder (e.g., the Kronecker product, i.e., the product of each element). The first / second precoder can also contain terms corresponding to far distances (or, angle dependence) and terms corresponding to near distances (or, distance dependence).

[0161] The precoder in this embodiment can also be applied in a uniform planar array.

[0162] For example, the precoder W can also be represented by the following Equation 4.

[0163] [Mathematical Expression 4]

[0164]

[0165] Here, W is used as the first precoder. N_1，O_1，k_1，D，L_1 and W as the second precoder N_2，O_2，k_2，D，L_2 The Kronecker product is used to represent this.

[0166] W N_i，O_i，k_i，D，L_i For example, it can also be represented by the following equation 5.

[0167] [Mathematical Expression 5]

[0168]

[0169] Here, N is the number of antenna elements (scattering components) in the i-th axis direction of the RIS array. i The number of oversampling in the i-th axis direction O i It can also be the same as the NR DFT-based codebook specified in existing NR. i=1 can also correspond to the x-axis direction (horizontal direction). i=2 can also correspond to the z-axis direction (vertical direction). Furthermore, k i For codeword index, k' can also represent a quadratic term.

[0170] In addition, N RP It can also depend on the value of the reference point of the RIS array. For example, N RP It can also be done through N RP =2(d RP -d0) / Δd is calculated.

[0171] For example, it could also be d RP -d0 represents the distance between a specific antenna element (e.g., antenna element #0) and the reference point, and Δd represents the antenna element spacing.

[0172] For example, when the bottom left element of the array is used as the reference point, N RP It can also be 0.

[0173] For example, when the center coordinates of the array are used as the reference point, N RP It can also be done through N i -1 is used for calculation.

[0174] D can also represent the normalized distance between the reference point and the focal length. For example, D can also be calculated as (focal length) / λ.

[0175] L can also be a value related to the normalized equivalent aperture. L can also be calculated, for example, by ON·Δd / λ.

[0176] [Implementation Method 1-1-4]

[0177] The precoder in the RIS can also be a precoder that utilizes the precoder associated with the access link (between UE and RIS) and the precoder associated with the backhaul link (between BS and RIS).

[0178] For example, the precoder could also be a precoder that includes terms for each subarray (more than one array) and distance (location) dependencies.

[0179] Implementation method 1-1-4 can also be used, for example, for beamforming / focusing of NCR (RIS-NCR) of RIS including backhaul link / access link, and at least one of cascaded LoS-MIMO (e.g., LoS-MIMO requiring joint focal points indication).

[0180] The precoder in RIS can also be computed by, for example, the product of the precoder associated with the access link and the precoder associated with the backhaul link (e.g., the Hadamard product, i.e., the product of each element).

[0181] For example, the precoder can also be calculated using Equation 6 below.

[0182] [Mathematical Expression 6]

[0183]

[0184] Here, W AC It can also represent the precoder of the beam (access beam, UE-oriented beam) in the access link of RIS-NCR. Furthermore, W BH It can also represent the pre-encoder of the beam (backhaul beam, BS-oriented beam) in the backhaul link of RIS-NCR.

[0185] W AC and W BH At least one of them may also be a pre-encoder calculated, for example, by at least one method described in embodiments 1-1-1 to 1-1-3 above.

[0186] W AC and W BH The focal distance can be selected / determined independently or simultaneously (jointly). For example, WAC and W BH The focal distance can also be chosen / determined by conjugate symmetry.

[0187] According to implementation method 1-1-4, not only can the precoder / codebook in the access link be designed appropriately, but the precoder / codebook in the backhaul link can also be designed appropriately.

[0188] [Parameters involved in the codebook / precoder]

[0189] The parameters of each mathematical formula in the above-described implementation method 1-1 will be explained below.

[0190] L can also be a parameter related to the aperture (e.g., antenna element). This L can also be reported as the capability of RIS-NCR (NCR-MT).

[0191] L can also be reported by RIS as an antenna number (number) / interval in n dimensions (e.g., n is 2).

[0192] L can also be reported by the RIS as the length of the side of the RIS (e.g., antenna number × antenna spacing).

[0193] N i O i k i k ip D i (i=1 or 2) can also be a parameter related to the codebook of the access link / backhaul link.

[0194] N i and O i It can also be associated with the RIS codebook. The RIS codebook can be pre-defined by the RIS or pre-specified in the specification.

[0195] N i and O i The decision can be based on reports related to the capabilities of RIS, or it can be independent of the dimensions of RIS.

[0196] k i It can also be associated with the RIS codebook. The RIS codebook can also be used to instruct the RIS.

[0197] k ip It can also be computed in the RIS based on specific settings / instructions for the RIS.

[0198] D i (For example, i=1) can also be a parameter related to the distance between BS and RIS. D i(For example, i=2) can also be a parameter related to the distance between the UE and the RIS.

[0199] For example, D1 can also be pre-configured for RIS via BS, and D2 can also be instructed to RIS via BS.

[0200] For example, D1 and D2 can also be indicated by BS (using a single CW (compound CW)).

[0201] For example, D1 can also be preset to RIS via BS, and D2 can also be measured by RIS.

[0202] For example, D1 and D2 can also be measured by RIS.

[0203] For example, the decisions of D1 and D2 can also be made using logarithmic quantization.

[0204] N RP It can also be a parameter related to the RIS reference point. N RP For example, it could also be a parameter related to the offset of the RIS reference point.

[0205] N RP It can also be associated with the RIS codebook. The RIS codebook can also be used to instruct the RIS.

[0206] The reference point of RIS can also refer to a specific location.

[0207] For example, the reference point for RIS can also be the location of the antenna / subarray at a specific location (e.g., the bottom left).

[0208] For example, the reference point of a RIS can also be the location of the center point of the RIS. In this case, it is suitable for a single large RIS, or multiple separate subarrays.

[0209] For example, the RIS reference point can also be reported by the RIS. The RIS reference point can also be determined based on the reference point reported by the RIS.

[0210] Parameters representing the adaptive (aperture adaptive) mode can also be specified. These parameters can also be used for aperture control in RIS.

[0211] The parameters representing the adaptive mode can also be associated with the RIS codebook. The RIS codebook can also be used to instruct the RIS.

[0212] You can also specify parameters representing the shape / size of the RIS. This parameter can also be used for aperture control of the RIS.

[0213] Parameters representing the shape / size of the RIS can also be associated with the RIS's codebook. The RIS's codebook can also be used to indicate the RIS.

[0214] This parameter can also be indicated via a bitmap. Furthermore, it can be indicated via the orientation and length of two sides of the aperture forming the parallelogram. Additionally, it can be indicated via the subarray configuration (e.g., orientation / spacing / subarray number / subarray size). Moreover, it can also be indicated via at least one of the orientation / length of the two sides of the aperture forming the parallelogram (also known as general mode), subarray number (sampling rate), and subarray size.

[0215] You can also specify a parameter to represent the roll-off factor.

[0216] Parameters related to the conjugate symmetric RTC can also be specified. These parameters can also be parameters related to a reference point associated with the UE's location.

[0217] Reference points related to the location of the UE may also refer to, for example, the antenna port of a specific UE (e.g., antenna port #0).

[0218] The reference point related to the location of the UE can also refer to a specific (e.g., central) UE array set by the BS.

[0219] Implementation Methods 1-2

[0220] In embodiments 1-2, the quantization of angle (angle information) and distance (distance information) in the codebook notification (for NW / RIS-NCR) is explained.

[0221] Implementation methods 1-2 are broadly divided into implementation methods 1-2-1 and 1-2-2. Either implementation method 1-2-1 or 1-2-2 can be applied, or implementation methods 1-2-1 and 1-2-2 can be applied in combination.

[0222] The NW (or RIS-NCR) can also send angle / distance information to the RIS-NCR (or NW) in relation to the codebook / precoder quantized using at least one of implementation methods 1-2-1 and 1-2-2.

[0223] [Implementation Method 1-2-1]

[0224] Quantization related to angle and quantization related to distance can also be performed separately (independently).

[0225] Regarding angles, specific quantification methods can also be used.

[0226] This particular quantization method can also be, for example, a DFT-based quantization method.

[0227] By using DFT-based quantization of angles, it is possible to quantize FF and NF to suit a unified design.

[0228] For example, linear quantization can also be used for distance. By using linear quantization, implementation in the device becomes easier.

[0229] For example, logarithmic quantization can also be used for distance. By using logarithmic quantization, it is possible to perform appropriate quantization regardless of whether the distance between devices is far or near.

[0230] The quantification of distance can also be performed using Equation 7 below.

[0231] [Mathematical Expression 7]

[0232]

[0233] In this disclosure, the range of NF can also be related to the array area. For example, the range of NF can also be (approximately) proportional to the array area.

[0234] [Implementation Method 1-2-2]

[0235] Quantization related to angle and quantization related to distance can also be performed jointly.

[0236] For example, quantization related to angle and distance can also be performed using a uniform grid in Cartesian coordinates (angle and distance can also be quantized on a uniform grid). In this case, it can be appropriately utilized in localization / position-based beam focusing.

[0237] For example, quantization related to angle and distance can also be performed using a non-uniform grid in spherical coordinates (angle and distance can also be quantized on a non-uniform grid). In this case, the viewpoint of an aperture / NF lens in the line of sight is suitable, and by using a wider beam at close range, more uniform coverage and beam reduction can be achieved.

[0238] For example, quantification related to angle and distance can also be performed using Equation 8 below.

[0239] [Mathematical Expression 8]

[0240]

[0241] Figure 9 This is a diagram representing an example of a uniform grid in orthogonal coordinates. In Figure 9 The example shown illustrates a uniform grid for orthogonal coordinates of RIS (RIS-NCR).

[0242] exist Figure 9 In the middle, (x gi y gi , z gi It can also be the center coordinates of the i-th grid obtained from grid index i.

[0243] The RTC using a uniform grid (uniform grid RTC) can also be calculated using at least one of the following options 1 and 2.

[0244] The RTC using a uniform grid can also be calculated using Equation 9 below (Option 1).

[0245] [Mathematical Expression 9]

[0246]

[0247] The RTC using a uniform grid can also be calculated using the following Equation 10 (Option 2).

[0248] [Mathematical Expression 10]

[0249]

[0250] Here, the above θ can also be calculated using the following Equation 11.

[0251] [Mathematical Expression 11]

[0252]

[0253] Here, μ can also represent the azimuth angle, and ν can also represent the elevation angle. μ and ν can also be obtained through specific coordinate transformations.

[0254] Figure 10 This represents an example of a non-uniform grid in spherical coordinates.

[0255] According to implementation methods 1-2, it is possible to appropriately quantify the angle (angle information) and distance (distance information) in the codebook notification.

[0256] Based on the first embodiment described above, the codebook / precoder involved in RIS can be designed appropriately.

[0257] <Second Implementation Method>

[0258] The second embodiment involves the adaptation of aperture in the RIS.

[0259] The second implementation method is generally divided into implementation methods 2-1 and 2-2. Implementation methods 2-1 or 2-2 can be applied, or a combination of implementation methods 2-1 and 2-2 can be applied.

[0260] The RIS-NCR can also receive information (setting information) related to the control of the aperture (e.g., antenna element) from the NW. The RIS-NCR can also use this information to determine the aperture / antenna element to be used in the terminal-oriented signal.

[0261] Implementation Method 2-1

[0262] The RIS (RIS-NCR) can also select / determine / determine the aperture used in the apertures included in the RIS.

[0263] Implementation method 2-1 is broadly divided into implementation method 2-1-1 and 2-1-2. Implementation method 2-1-1 or 2-1-2 can be applied, or a combination of implementation method 2-1-1 and 2-1-2 can be applied.

[0264] [Implementation Method 2-1-1]

[0265] Unnecessary RIS components (e.g., antenna components) can also be set to OFF. Information related to this setting can also be included in the aperture control-related information received from the NW.

[0266] Unnecessary RIS components can also be configured to not scatter (or reflect / refract) incident signals.

[0267] Furthermore, unwanted RIS components can also be configured to diffuse or randomly scatter (or reflect / refract) the incident signal.

[0268] Figure 11 This diagram illustrates an example of aperture adaptation involved in embodiment 2-1-1. Figure 11 In the example shown, the beamforming-related components of the RIS are selected. Subsequently, the unnecessary RIS components are set to the off state, and only the necessary RIS components are used (becoming the ON state).

[0269] [Implementation Method 2-1-2]

[0270] Beamforming and aperture adaptation can also be used in combination.

[0271] Information related to this beamforming may also include, for example, information related to the beamforming vector of the RIS.

[0272] For example, the desired (actual) aperture can also be represented by a value indicating the on / off state of each RIS element (e.g., an aperture function). Furthermore, the desired (actual) aperture can also be applied to the beamforming vector of the RIS (see reference). Figure 12 ).

[0273] For example, if the value corresponding to the RIS element (e.g., the aperture function) is a first value (e.g., 0), it can also indicate that the RIS element is in the off state. Furthermore, if the value corresponding to the RIS element (e.g., the aperture function) is a second value (e.g., 1), it can also indicate that the RIS element is in the on state.

[0274] Aperture adaptation can also be used to control beam shape (e.g., at least one of the beamwidth, sidelobes, mainlobe, and focal shape / size).

[0275] Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating another example of aperture adaptation involved in embodiment 2-1-2. Figure 13 The example shown illustrates the use of aperture adaptation in conjunction with the beamforming vector of RIS.

[0276] exist Figure 13 In the example shown, in the RIS element, when a specific element in the center of the RIS is used in a square configuration, adaptation with respect to beamwidth is possible.

[0277] In addition, Figure 13 In the example shown, when the RIS components are used in a parallelogram (rhombus) configuration, crosstalk interference can be reduced by controlling the side lobes.

[0278] In addition, Figure 13 In the example shown, robustness can be improved and LOS-MIMO multiplexing can be achieved by controlling the main lobe, using only more specific elements selected in a parallelogram (rhombus) pattern.

[0279] Implementation Method 2-2

[0280] In Implementation 2-2, the control of the aperture in the RIS (RIS-NCR) is explained.

[0281] Implementation method 2-2 is broadly divided into implementation method 2-2-1 and 2-2-2. Implementation method 2-2-1 or 2-2-2 can be applied, or a combination of implementation method 2-2-1 and 2-2-2 can be applied.

[0282] [Implementation Method 2-2-1]

[0283] It is also possible to specify a mode related to the aperture of RIS-NCR.

[0284] RIS-NCR can also determine the aperture used based on this pattern.

[0285] This pattern can also include, for example, patterns one through three.

[0286] The first mode can also be a mode in which some or all of the RIS components are used in a square arrangement. The first mode can also be referred to as fallback mode (see reference). Figure 14A ).

[0287] The second mode can also be, for example, a mode in which a portion of the RIS components are used in a parallelogram (rhombus) shape. The second mode can also be referred to, for example, as a semi-continuous mode (see reference). Figure 14B ).

[0288] The third mode can also be a mode that uses only a specific RIS from the components of the RIS. This specific RIS can also be determined by selecting a portion of the RIS components in a parallelogram (diamond) shape. The third mode can also be referred to, for example, as a discrete mode (see reference). Figure 14C ).

[0289] [Implementation Method 2-2-2]

[0290] The shape / size of the aperture of the RIS-NCR used can also be indicated by a specific method. Information related to this indication can also be included in the aperture control-related information received from the NW.

[0291] For example, the shape / size of the aperture of the RIS-NCR being used can also be determined by a bitmap / parameter representing the on / off state of the components of the RIS being used.

[0292] The shape / size of the aperture (e.g., the aperture of a parallelogram (rhombus)) in the second / third mode described above can also be shown by a specific method.

[0293] This particular method could also be based on the length and angle of two sides relative to a specific point (e.g., a reference point) of the RIS element (the selected RIS element). For example, the aperture used could also be determined according to Equation 12 below.

[0294] [Mathematical Expression 12]

[0295]

[0296] In the third mode described above, the size / number of subarrays used can also be additionally indicated.

[0297] According to the second embodiment described above, the element / aperture of the RIS used can be appropriately determined / selected.

[0298] <Third Implementation Method>

[0299] The third implementation relates to beamforming control from NW (e.g., base station (BS)) to RIS (RIS-NCR).

[0300] The third implementation method is generally divided into implementation methods 3-1 to 3-5. Any one of implementation methods 3-1 to 3-5 can be used, or at least two of implementation methods 3-1 to 3-5 can be used in combination.

[0301] Implementation Method 3-1

[0302] Implementation method 3-1 describes the implementation of RIS (RIS-NCR).

[0303] The implementation of RIS-NCR can also follow at least one of the following options 3-1-1 to 3-1-3.

[0304] [Option 3-1-1]

[0305] NCR-MT can also control a RIS (e.g., a large RIS).

[0306] Figure 15A This is a diagram illustrating an example of the RIS implementation involved in option 3-1-1. In Figure 15A In the example shown, the NCR-MT (RIS-type NCR-MT) performs RIS (RIS-1) control based on the control link from the TRP (BS). Specifically, the NCR-MT controls at least one of the beams of the backhaul link (between the BS and the RIS-NCR) and the access link (between the UE and the RIS-NCR) by performing RIS control.

[0307] [Option 3-1-2]

[0308] NCR-MT can also control multiple RIS.

[0309] Figure 15B This is a diagram illustrating an example of the RIS implementation involved in option 3-1-2. In Figure 15B In the example shown, the NCR-MT (RIS-type NCR-MT) controls the RIS (RIS-1 and RIS-2) based on the control link from the TRP (BS). Specifically, the NCR-MT controls at least one of the beams of the backhaul link (between the BS and the RIS-NCR) corresponding to each RIS, and the beams of the access link (between the UE and the RIS-NCR) corresponding to each RIS.

[0310] [Option 3-1-3]

[0311] Alternatively, one NCR-MT can correspond to one RIS, and the NCR-MT can control the corresponding RIS.

[0312] The control of the RIS of a certain NCR-MT can also be performed independently of the control of the RIS of other NCR-MTs.

[0313] Furthermore, the control of the RIS of a certain NCR-MT can also be performed in conjunction with the control of the RIS of other NCR-MTs.

[0314] Figure 15C This is a diagram illustrating an example of the RIS implementation involved in option 3-1-3. In Figure 15C In the example shown, based on the control link from the TRP (BS), the NCR-MT (RIS-1 MT) corresponding to RIS-1 performs RIS-1 control, and the NCR-MT (RIS-2 MT) corresponding to RIS-2 performs RIS-2 control. Specifically, each NCR-MT controls at least one of the beams of the backhaul link (between the BS and the RIS-NCR) and the access link (between the UE and the RIS-NCR) corresponding to each RIS by controlling each RIS.

[0315] According to implementation method 3-1, RIS-NCR can be appropriately implemented.

[0316] Implementation Method 3-2

[0317] Implementation 3-2 describes the information received by the RIS-NCR from or sent to the NW.

[0318] This information can also be obtained using RRC signaling / OAM-based signaling.

[0319] Implementation method 3-2 is broadly divided into implementation methods 3-2-1 and 3-2-2. Either implementation method 3-2-1 or 3-2-2 can be applied, or implementation methods 3-2-1 and 3-2-2 can be applied in combination.

[0320] [Implementation Method 3-2-1]

[0321] The NW / RIS-NCR can also send / receive information about the NW / RIS-NCR's position / attitude.

[0322] For example, the RIS-NCR can also send / report information to the NW about the RIS-NCR's position / attitude / set angle.

[0323] For example, NW can also send / set information about the position / attitude / angle setting of BS to RIS-NCR.

[0324] RIS-NCR can also control RIS based on the information set.

[0325] [Implementation Method 3-2-2]

[0326] RIS-NCR can also report information related to beamforming capabilities to NW.

[0327] This information may also include, for example, information indicating the operation mode.

[0328] The operating mode can also indicate whether the RIS controlled by the NCR is reflective or transmissive (refractive).

[0329] The operating mode can also represent the semi-static or dynamic operation of the RIS controlled by the NCR.

[0330] This information may also include, for example, information related to the aperture.

[0331] The aperture-related information may also represent, for example, at least one of the following: the size of the RIS array, the structure of the subarray / panel, and the location of the reference point.

[0332] This information may also include, for example, information related to beam sets.

[0333] The information related to the beam set may, for example, include information related to the implementation-based beam set. This implementation-based beam set information may also include, for example, information representing at least one of the beam number and beam characteristics.

[0334] Information related to beam characteristics may include, for example, information related to at least one of the beam direction, focal distance, beamwidth, and beam gain.

[0335] The information related to the beam set may, for example, include information related to the codebook-based beam set. This information may also be, for example, information representing a subset of the specified beam codebook.

[0336] The codebook can also be a near-range (NF) or far-range (FF) codebook.

[0337] According to implementation method 3-2, it is possible to appropriately notify the information required for the operation / control of the RIS-NCR.

[0338] Implementation Method 3-3

[0339] Implementation 3-3 relates to the indication of beamforming from NW to RIS-NCR.

[0340] Implementation method 3-3 is generally divided into implementation methods 3-3-1 to 3-3-3. Any one of the following implementation methods 3-3-1 to 3-3-3 can be applied, or at least two of the following implementation methods 3-3-1 to 3-3-3 can be applied in combination.

[0341] The RIS-NCR can also receive beamforming-related indication information from the NW. The RIS-NCR can also use this indication information to determine the codebook / precoder to be applied in signals directed to other nodes (e.g., UE / NW nodes).

[0342] [Implementation Method 3-3-1]

[0343] Beamforming indications from NW to RIS-NCR can also be codebook-based.

[0344] For example, NW may also indicate the codebook (or codeword / precoder) used to RIS-NCR. The codebook / precoder may also be at least one of the codebooks / precoders described in the first embodiment above.

[0345] [Implementation Method 3-3-2]

[0346] Beamforming indication from NW to RIS-NCR can also be position-based. This position can be the location of the base station / UE.

[0347] For example, NW can also indicate the UE's location information (e.g., coordinates) to RIS-NCR.

[0348] [Implementation Method 3-3-3]

[0349] Beamforming indications from NW to RIS-NCR can also be implementation-based.

[0350] For example, NW can also indicate to RIS-NCR the beam index (more than one beam index) of the beam set reported from RIS-NCR.

[0351] According to the above implementation method 3-3, the required beamforming indication between NW and RIS-NCR can be appropriately specified.

[0352] Implementation Methods 3-4

[0353] Implementation methods 3-4 illustrate aperture-related indications from NW to RIS-NCR.

[0354] NW can also send instructions to the RIS-NCR related to the aperture of the (desired) RIS-NCR.

[0355] The instruction may, for example, include at least one of the information described in the second embodiment above.

[0356] According to embodiments 3-4, it is possible to appropriately specify the aperture-related indication between NW and RIS-NCR.

[0357] Implementation Methods 3-5

[0358] Reporting of RIS-NCR (NCR-MT) capabilities can also be specified.

[0359] The report may also include information relating to at least one of location, operating mode, aperture, implementation-based beamset, and codebook-based beamset.

[0360] The report can also be generated using high-level signaling (RRC signaling / OAM-based signaling).

[0361] The control method from NW to RIS-NCR can also be specified. This control may include, for example, at least one of the following: beam control of the backhaul link, beam control of the access link, control of the RIS reference point, and aperture control of the RIS.

[0362] Backhaul link beam control can also be explicitly / implicitly indicated independently of the control link beam control. Backhaul link beam control can also be, for example, joint beam control of the access link and the backhaul link.

[0363] Beam control for access links may also include at least one of, for example, codebook-based beam control, location-based beam control, or implementation-based beam control.

[0364] The control of the RIS reference point can also include the indication of the reference point. This reference point can represent the center of the RIS array or follow the RIS's report.

[0365] The aperture control of the RIS may also include, for example, at least one of an indication of an adaptive mode and an indication of the shape of the aperture (used).

[0366] According to the third embodiment above, beamforming control between NW and RIS-NCR and the implementation of RIS can be performed appropriately.

[0367] <Supplement>

[0368] [Notification of information to UE / relay device]

[0369] The notification of any information from the network (NW) (e.g., base station (BS)) to the UE / relay device in the above-described embodiments (in other words, the reception of any information from the BS in the UE / relay device) can also be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE, OAM-based signaling), specific signals / channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signals), or combinations thereof.

[0370] In the case where the above notification is made via MAC CE, the MAC CE can also be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader that is not specified in the existing specifications.

[0371] When the above notification is made through a DCI, the notification may also be made through specific fields of the DCI, the Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used in the scrambling of the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

[0372] Furthermore, the notification of any information to the UE / relay device in the above embodiments can also be carried out periodically, semi-persistently, or non-periodically.

[0373] [Notification of information from UE / relay device]

[0374] The notification of any information from the UE / relay device (to the NW) in the above embodiments (in other words, the transmission / reporting of any information from the UE / relay device to the BS) can also be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE, OAM-based signaling), specific signals / channels (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals), or combinations thereof.

[0375] In the case where the above notification is made via MAC CE, the MAC CE can also be identified by including a new LCID not specified in the existing specifications in the MAC sub-header.

[0376] In cases where the above notification is sent via UCI, the above notification may also be sent using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0377] Furthermore, the notification of any information from the UE / relay device in the above embodiments can also be carried out periodically, semi-persistently, or non-periodically.

[0378] [Regarding the application of each implementation method]

[0379] At least one of the above-described implementation methods can also be applied under certain conditions. These specific conditions can be specified in the specification or notified to the UE / relay device / BS using higher-layer signaling / physical layer signaling.

[0380] At least one of the above-described embodiments may also be applied only to UEs / relay devices that have reported specific capabilities (capability, capability information, UE capabilities, relay device capabilities) or support such specific capabilities.

[0381] This particular capability can also represent at least one of the following:

[0382] • Supports specific processing / operation / control / information for at least one of the above-described embodiments.

[0383] • Supports RIS type NCR / NCR / NCR-MT.

[0384] • Supports codebooks for NF / FF.

[0385] • Supports aperture adaptation.

[0386] Furthermore, the aforementioned specific capabilities can be applied across the entire frequency range (commonly regardless of frequency), or per frequency (e.g., one or a combination of cells, bands, band combinations, BWPs, component carriers, etc.), or per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), or per subcarrier spacing (SCS), or per feature set (FS) or per feature set per component carrier (FSPC).

[0387] Furthermore, the aforementioned specific capabilities can be either the ability to be applied across all full-duplex modes (which are common regardless of the duplex mode) or the capability of each duplex mode (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0388] Furthermore, at least one of the above-described embodiments can also be applied when the UE / relay device is set / activated / triggered via higher-layer signaling / physical-layer signaling with specific information associated with the above-described embodiments (or when the operation of the above-described embodiments is performed). For example, this specific information may be information indicating the activation of the operation of the above-described embodiments, arbitrary RRC parameters for a specific version (e.g., Rel. 18 / 19 and later), etc.

[0389] Even if the UE / relay device does not support at least one of the above-mentioned specific capabilities or is not configured with the above-mentioned specific information, it may also apply operations such as Rel.15 / 16 / 17 / 18.

[0390] (Note A)

[0391] With respect to one embodiment of this disclosure, the following invention is noted.

[0392] [Note A-1]

[0393] The relay device has the following features:

[0394] The receiving unit receives angle and distance information related to the terminal; and

[0395] The control unit determines a pre-encoder, calculated based on the multiplication of a first matrix and a second matrix, for signals facing the terminal, based on at least one of the angle information and the distance information.

[0396] [Note A-2]

[0397] As described in Appendix A-1, in the relay device,

[0398] The first matrix is ​​angle-dependent, and the second matrix is ​​distance-dependent.

[0399] [Note A-3]

[0400] The relay device as described in Appendix A-1 or Appendix A-2, wherein,

[0401] The first matrix is ​​a matrix that depends on the reference points of the subarray, and the second matrix is ​​a matrix that depends on the distance.

[0402] [Note A-4]

[0403] The relay device as described in any of Notes A-1 to A-3, wherein,

[0404] The quantization of the angle information and the quantization of the distance information are performed separately or jointly.

[0405] (Note B)

[0406] With respect to one embodiment of this disclosure, the following invention is noted.

[0407] [Note B-1]

[0408] The relay device has the following features:

[0409] The receiving unit receives setting information related to the control of the antenna elements; and

[0410] The control unit, based on the aforementioned setting information, determines the antenna element to be used in the signal facing the terminal.

[0411] [Postscript B-2]

[0412] As described in Appendix B-1, in the relay device,

[0413] The setting information is information indicating the OFF state of the antenna element.

[0414] [Note B-3]

[0415] The relay device as described in Appendix B-1 or Appendix B-2, wherein,

[0416] The control unit determines the antenna element based on the setting information and beamforming vector.

[0417] [Note B-4]

[0418] The relay device as described in any of Annexes B-1 to B-3, wherein,

[0419] The configuration information includes information indicating the mode associated with the antenna element.

[0420] (Note C)

[0421] With respect to one embodiment of this disclosure, the following invention is noted.

[0422] [Note C-1]

[0423] The relay device has the following features:

[0424] The receiving unit receives indication information related to beamforming; and

[0425] The control unit determines, based on the indicated information, the codebook to be used in the terminal-oriented signal.

[0426] [Note C-2]

[0427] As described in Appendix C-1, the relay device, wherein...

[0428] The indication information is information indicating the codebook of the application or information indicating the location of the terminal.

[0429] [Note C-3]

[0430] The relay device as described in Appendix C-1 or Appendix C-2, wherein...

[0431] The control unit controls the reporting of information related to the position and orientation of the relay device.

[0432] [Note C-4]

[0433] The relay device as described in any of Notes C-1 to C-3, wherein,

[0434] The control unit controls the reporting of information related to beamforming capabilities.

[0435] (Wireless communication system)

[0436] The structure of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will now be described. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one or a combination of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure.

[0437] Figure 16This is a diagram illustrating an example of the schematic structure of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (or simply system 1) may also be a system that uses Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR) as standardized through the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to achieve communication.

[0438] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 can also support dual connectivity between multiple radio access technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC can also include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0439] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0440] Wireless communication system 1 can also support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (e.g., MN and SN are dual connectivity between NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0441] The wireless communication system 1 may also include a base station 11 forming a macro cell C1 with a relatively wide coverage area, and a base station 12 (12a-12c) configured within the macro cell C1 and forming a small cell C2 narrower than the macro cell C1. The user terminal 20 may also be located within at least one cell. The configuration and number of each cell and the user terminal 20 are not limited to the arrangement shown in the figure. Hereinafter, without distinguishing between base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0442] User terminal 20 may also connect to at least one of multiple base stations 10. User terminal 20 may also utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CC) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0443] Each CC can also be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). Macro cell C1 can also be included in FR1, and small cell C2 can also be included in FR2. For example, FR1 can also be a frequency band below 6 GHz (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 can also be a frequency band above 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). In addition, the frequency bands, definitions, etc. of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these; for example, FR1 can also be equivalent to a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0444] In addition, user terminal 20 can also use at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) to communicate in each CC.

[0445] Multiple base stations 10 can also be connected via wired (e.g., fiber optic, X2 interface, etc. based on Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI)) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication between base stations 11 and 12 is used as a backhaul, base station 11, which is equivalent to a host station, can also be referred to as an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is equivalent to a relay station, can be referred to as an IAB node, an NCR, or a RIS-NCR.

[0446] Base station 10 may also be connected to core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. Core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0447] The core network 30 may also include, for example, network functions (NFs) such as User Plane Function (UPF), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Application Function (AF), Data Network (DN), Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (OAM). Alternatively, multiple functions can be provided through a single network node. Furthermore, communication with external networks (e.g., the Internet) can also be achieved via the DN.

[0448] User terminal 20 can also be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0449] In wireless communication system 1, wireless access methods based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) can also be used. For example, in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) links, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) can also be used.

[0450] The wireless access method can also be referred to as a waveform. In addition, in the wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (e.g., other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) can also be used in the wireless access methods of UL and DL.

[0451] As a downlink channel, the wireless communication system 1 can also use downlink shared channels (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)), broadcast channels (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), downlink control channels (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)) and so on, which are shared among the user terminals 20.

[0452] In addition, as uplink channels, the wireless communication system 1 may also use uplink shared channels (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)), uplink control channels (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), random access channels (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)) and so on, which are shared by each user terminal 20.

[0453] User data, high-level control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via the PDSCH. User data and high-level control information can also be transmitted via the PUSCH. In addition, the Master Information Block (MIB) can also be transmitted via the PBCH.

[0454] Lower-layer control information can also be transmitted via PDCCH. Lower-layer control information may include, for example, downlink control information (DCI), which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0455] Additionally, the DCI that schedules PDSCH can also be called DL allocation, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI that schedules PUSCH can also be called UL authorization, UL DCI, etc. Furthermore, PDSCH can be rewritten as DL data, and PUSCH can be rewritten as UL data.

[0456] In PDCCH detection, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space can also be utilized. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. The search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A CORESET can also be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE can also monitor CORESETs associated with a specific search space based on search space settings.

[0457] A search space can also correspond to one or more PDCCH candidates equivalent to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces can also be referred to as a search space set. In addition, the terms "search space", "search space set", "search space setting", "search space set setting", "CORESET", and "CORESET setting" in this disclosure can be rewritten interchangeably.

[0458] The PUCCH can also transmit uplink control information (uplink control information (UCI)) that includes at least one of the following: Channel State Information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (e.g., also known as Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request ACK Knowledge (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and Scheduling Request (SR). The PRACH can also transmit random access preambles used for establishing connections with the cell.

[0459] In addition, in this disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc., can also be described without the word "link". Furthermore, they can also be described without the word "physical" at the beginning of various channels.

[0460] In wireless communication system 1, synchronization signals (SS) and downlink reference signals (DL-RS) can also be transmitted. As DL-RS, wireless communication system 1 can also transmit cell-specific reference signals (CRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), demodulation reference signals (DMRS), positioning reference signals (PRS), phase tracking reference signals (PTRS), etc.

[0461] Synchronization signals can be, for example, at least one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS). A signal block containing SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) can also be called an SS / PBCH block, SS block (SSB), etc. In addition, SS, SSB, etc. can also be called reference signals.

[0462] Furthermore, in wireless communication system 1, the uplink reference signal (UL-RS) can also transmit measurement reference signals (sounding reference signals (SRS)) and demodulation reference signals (DMRS). Additionally, DMRS can also be referred to as user terminal-specific reference signals (UE-specific reference signals).

[0463] (Base station)

[0464] Figure 17 This diagram illustrates an example of the structure of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transmit / receive unit 120, a transmit / receive antenna 130, and a transmission path interface (transmission line interface) 140. Alternatively, the control unit 110, the transmit / receive unit 120, the transmit / receive antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140 may each be provided in more than one manner.

[0465] Furthermore, while this example primarily illustrates the functional blocks of the characteristic portions of this embodiment, it is also conceivable that the base station 10 may also have other functional blocks required for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may also be omitted.

[0466] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., which are described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0467] The control unit 110 can also control signal generation and scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping). The control unit 110 can also control transmission, reception, and measurement using the transmit / receive unit 120, transmit / receive antenna 130, and transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 can also generate data, control information, sequences, etc., to be transmitted as signals and forward them to the transmit / receive unit 120. The control unit 110 can also perform call processing (setting, releasing, etc.) of the communication channel, status management of the base station 10, and management of wireless resources.

[0468] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may also include a transmitting processing unit 1211 and a receiving processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be composed of transmitters / receivers, RF circuits, baseband circuits, filters, phase shifters, measurement circuits, transmitting / receiving circuits, etc., as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0469] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 can be configured as a single integrated transmitting and receiving unit, or it can be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit can also be composed of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit can also be composed of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0470] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be constructed from an antenna, such as an array antenna, as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0471] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can also transmit the aforementioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can also receive the aforementioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0472] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 may also use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), etc. to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0473] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (transmitting processing unit 1211) may, for example, process the data and control information obtained from the control unit 110 through the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control) to generate the bit string to be transmitted.

[0474] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (transmitting processing unit 1211) can also perform channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filter processing (filtering processing), Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (as needed), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, digital-to-analog conversion, and other transmission processing on the bit string to be transmitted, and output the baseband signal.

[0475] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) can also perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to the wireless frequency band, and transmit the wireless frequency band signal through the transmitting and receiving antenna 130.

[0476] On the other hand, the transmitting and receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) can also amplify, filter (filter) and demodulate the baseband signal received by the transmitting and receiving antenna 130 in the wireless frequency band.

[0477] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (receiving and processing unit 1212) can also perform receiving and processing on the acquired baseband signal, including analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (as needed), filter processing, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may also include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing, and acquire user data, etc.

[0478] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) can also perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 can also perform radio resource management (RRM) measurements, channel state information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 can also measure received power (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., reference signal received quality (RSRQ), signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), signal to noise ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., received signal strength indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc.). The measurement results can also be output to the control unit 110.

[0479] The transmission path interface 140 can also transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between the device included in the core network 30 (e.g., a network node providing NF), other base stations 10, etc., and acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0480] In addition, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the base station 10 in this disclosure may also be composed of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140.

[0481] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 can also transmit angle information and distance information related to the terminal to the relay device. The control unit 110 can also use at least one of the angle information and the distance information to instruct the relay device on a precoder (first embodiment) calculated based on the multiplication operation of the first matrix and the second matrix for signals facing the terminal.

[0482] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can also send setting information related to the control of the antenna element to the relay device. The control unit 110 can also use the setting information to instruct the relay device on the antenna element used in the terminal-oriented signal (second embodiment).

[0483] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 can also send indication information related to beamforming to the relay device. The control unit 110 can also use the indication information to indicate to the relay device the codebook to be used in the terminal-oriented signal (third embodiment).

[0484] (User terminal)

[0485] Figure 18 This diagram illustrates an example of the structure of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Alternatively, the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may each be provided as one or more.

[0486] Furthermore, while this example primarily illustrates the functional blocks of the characteristic portions of this embodiment, it is also conceivable that the user terminal 20 may also have other functional blocks required for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may also be omitted.

[0487] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., which are described based on common knowledge in the technical field to which this disclosure pertains.

[0488] The control unit 210 can also control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 can also control transmission, reception, measurement, etc., using the transmission / reception unit 220 and the transmission / reception antenna 230. The control unit 210 can also generate data, control information, sequences, etc., to be transmitted as signals and forward them to the transmission / reception unit 220.

[0489] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may also include a transmitting processing unit 2211 and a receiving processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be composed of transmitters / receivers, RF circuits, baseband circuits, filters, phase shifters, measurement circuits, transmitting / receiving circuits, etc., as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0490] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 can be configured as a single integrated transmitting and receiving unit, or it can be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit can also be composed of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit can also be composed of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0491] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be constructed from an antenna, such as an array antenna, as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0492] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can also receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc., mentioned above. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc., mentioned above.

[0493] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 may also use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), etc. to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0494] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (transmitting processing unit 2211) may, for example, perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control) on the data and control information obtained from the control unit 210, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0495] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (transmitting processing unit 2211) can also perform channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filter processing (filtering processing), DFT processing (as needed), IFFT processing, precoding, digital-to-analog conversion and other transmission processing on the bit string to be transmitted, and output the baseband signal.

[0496] Furthermore, whether or not to apply DFT processing can be based on the settings of transform precoding. For a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), if transform precoding is enabled, the transmit / receive unit 220 (transmit processing unit 2211) can perform DFT processing as described above in order to transmit the channel using the DFT-s-OFDM waveform; otherwise, the transmit / receive unit 220 (transmit processing unit 2211) can perform DFT processing as described above without performing DFT processing.

[0497] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) can also perform modulation, filtering (filtering), amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to the wireless frequency band, and transmit the wireless frequency band signal through the transmitting and receiving antenna 230.

[0498] On the other hand, the transmitting and receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) can also amplify, filter (filter) and demodulate the baseband signal received by the wireless frequency band through the transmitting and receiving antenna 230.

[0499] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (receiving and processing unit 2212) can also perform receiving and processing on the acquired baseband signal, such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (as needed), filter processing, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may also include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing, and acquire user data.

[0500] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measurement unit 223) can also perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 can also perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 can also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results can also be output to the control unit 210.

[0501] Additionally, the measurement unit 223 can also derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. Channel measurement resources can be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. Furthermore, the measurement unit 223 can also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. Interference measurement resources can be at least one of NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. Furthermore, CSI-IM can be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM) or interchangeably with zero power (ZP) CSI-RS. Additionally, in this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc., can also be interchanged.

[0502] Alternatively, the transmitting and receiving units of the user terminal 20 in this disclosure may also be composed of at least one transmitting / receiving unit 220 and transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0503] (Hardware structure)

[0504] Furthermore, the block diagrams used in the description of the above embodiments illustrate functional units. These functional blocks (structural units) are implemented through any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Moreover, the implementation method of each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block can be implemented using a single device that is physically or logically combined, or it can be implemented by directly or indirectly (e.g., using wired, wireless, etc.) connecting two or more physically or logically separate devices. A functional block can also be implemented by combining the aforementioned single device or multiple devices with software.

[0505] Here, the functions include judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, export, investigation, search, confirmation, receiving, sending, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, regard as, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assigning, but are not limited to these. For example, a functional block (structural unit) that implements the sending function can also be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. As described above, the implementation method of any of them is not particularly limited.

[0506] For example, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the base station, user terminal, etc., can also function as a computer for processing the wireless communication method of this disclosure. Figure 19 This diagram illustrates an example of the hardware structure of a base station and a user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and the user terminal 20 described above can also be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0507] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit can be interchanged. The hardware structure of base station 10 and user terminal 20 can be configured to include one or more of the apparatuses shown in the figures, or it can be configured not to include some of the apparatuses.

[0508] For example, only one processor 1001 is shown, but there can be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing can be performed by one processor, or simultaneously, sequentially, or by two or more processors using other methods. Additionally, processor 1001 can be implemented using more than one chip.

[0509] The functions of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 are implemented, for example, by reading specific software (programs) into hardware such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, so that the processor 1001 performs calculations and controls communication via the communication device 1004, or controls at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage device 1003.

[0510] The processor 1001 enables the operating system to operate and control the computer as a whole. The processor 1001 may also be a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic devices, registers, etc. For example, at least a portion of the control unit 110 (210), the transmit / receive unit 120 (220), etc., described above may also be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0511] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002, and performs various processes accordingly. As a program, a program that causes the computer to perform at least a portion of the operations described in the above embodiments can be used. For example, the control unit 110 (210) can also be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and operable in the processor 1001; similar implementations can be made for other functional blocks.

[0512] The memory 1002 may also be a computer-readable recording medium, such as being composed of at least one of a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), or other suitable storage media. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory (main storage device), etc. The memory 1002 is capable of storing executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for implementing the wireless communication method according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0513] Storage device 1003 may also be a computer-readable recording medium, such as a flexible disc, floppy disk, optical disk (e.g., compact disc ROM, CD-ROM), digital multifunction disk, Blu-ray disc, removable disk, hard disk, smart card, flash memory device (e.g., card, stick, key drive), magnetic stripe, database, server, or at least one other suitable storage medium. Storage device 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

[0514] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting and receiving device) used for communication between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network interface card (NIC), communication module, etc. To implement at least one of, for example, Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD), the communication device 1004 may also be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. For example, the aforementioned transmitting and receiving unit 120 (220) and transmitting and receiving antenna 130 (230) may also be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (220) may also be physically or logically separated by a transmitting unit 120a (220a) and a receiving unit 120b (220b).

[0515] Input device 1005 is an input device that receives input from external sources (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). Output device 1006 is an output device that performs output to external sources (e.g., display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). Alternatively, input device 1005 and output device 1006 can also be an integrated structure (e.g., a touch panel).

[0516] Furthermore, the processor 1001, memory 1002, and other devices are connected via a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 can be configured as a single bus or as different buses between the devices.

[0517] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 can also be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), and can also use this hardware to implement part or all of the functional blocks. For example, the processor 1001 can also be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0518] (Variation example)

[0519] Furthermore, the terms described in this disclosure, as well as those necessary for understanding this disclosure, may be replaced with terms that have the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol, and signal (signal or signaling) may be interchanged. Additionally, a signal may also be a message. A reference signal may also be abbreviated as RS, and may be referred to as pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applied standard. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may also be referred to as cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0520] A radio frame can also be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) that constitute a radio frame can also be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe can also be composed of one or more time slots in the time domain. A subframe can also be a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) independent of the parameter set (numerology).

[0521] Here, the parameter set can also be communication parameters applied in at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. For example, the parameter set can also represent at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering processing performed by the transmitter and receiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processing performed by the transmitter and receiver in the time domain.

[0522] In the time domain, a time slot can also be composed of one or more symbols (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols, etc.). In addition, a time slot can also be a time unit based on a set of parameters.

[0523] A time slot can also contain multiple mini-time slots. Each mini-time slot can also consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Furthermore, a mini-time slot can also be called a sub-time slot. A mini-time slot can also consist of fewer symbols than a time slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a mini-time slot can also be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using mini-time slots can also be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0524] Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols all represent time units for transmitting signals. Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols can also use their respective other names. Furthermore, the time units such as frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols in this disclosure can be interchanged.

[0525] For example, a subframe can also be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes can be called a TTI, a time slot or a mini-time slot can also be called a TTI. That is, at least one of a subframe and a TTI can be a subframe in existing LTE (1ms), a period shorter than 1ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1ms. In addition, the unit representing TTI may not be called a subframe, but a time slot, mini-time slot, etc.

[0526] Here, TTI refers, for example, to the smallest unit of time for scheduling in wireless communication. For instance, in an LTE system, the base station schedules radio resources (frequency bandwidth, transmit power, etc., available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0527] TTI can also be a unit of time for transmitting channel-coded data packets (transmission blocks), code blocks, codewords, etc., and can also be a unit of processing such as scheduling and link adaptation. In addition, when a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) mapped to transmission blocks, code blocks, codewords, etc. can be shorter than the TTI.

[0528] Additionally, where a time slot or a mini-time slot is referred to as a TTI, more than one TTI (i.e., more than one time slot or more than one mini-time slot) can also serve as the minimum time unit for scheduling. Furthermore, the number of time slots (mini-time slots) constituting the minimum time unit of the schedule can also be controlled.

[0529] A TTI with a duration of 1 ms can also be referred to as a normal TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel.8-12), a standard TTI, a long TTI, a normal subframe, a standard subframe, a long subframe, a time slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI can also be referred to as a shortened TTI, a short TTI, a partial TTI (partial or fractional TTI), a shortened subframe, a short subframe, a mini time slot, a sub-time slot, a time slot, etc.

[0530] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) can also be rewritten as a TTI with a duration of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) can also be rewritten as a TTI with a duration of less than a long TTI but more than 1 ms.

[0531] A resource block (RB) is a unit of resource allocation in both the time and frequency domains. In the frequency domain, it can also contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB can be the same regardless of the parameter set, for example, it can be 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB can also be determined based on the parameter set.

[0532] Furthermore, an RB can contain one or more symbols in the time domain, and can also be a time slot, a mini-time slot, a subframe, or the length of a TTI. A TTI, a subframe, etc., can also be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0533] In addition, one or more RBs can also be referred to as Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0534] In addition, a resource block can also consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, an RE can also be a radio resource area consisting of a subcarrier and a symbol.

[0535] The Bandwidth Part (BWP) (also referred to as partial bandwidth, etc.) can also represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) used for a certain parameter set in a certain carrier. Here, common RBs can also be determined by the index of RBs based on the common reference point of the carrier. PRBs can also be defined in a BWP and appended with numbers within that BWP.

[0536] A BWP can also include a UL BWP (the BWP used by UL) and a DL BWP (the BWP used by DL). For a UE, one or more BWPs can also be set within a single carrier.

[0537] Alternatively, at least one of the configured BWPs may be activated, and the UE may not intend to transmit or receive specific signals / channels outside of the activated BWPs. Furthermore, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" in this disclosure may be rewritten as "BWP".

[0538] Furthermore, the structures described above, such as radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols, are merely illustrative. For example, the number of subframes contained in a radio frame, the number of time slots in each subframe or radio frame, the number of mini-time slots contained within a time slot, the number of symbols and RBs contained in a time slot or mini-time slot, the number of subcarriers contained in an RB, and the number of symbols in a TTI, symbol length, cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc., can be varied in many ways.

[0539] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure can be represented by absolute values, relative values ​​with respect to a specific value, or other corresponding information. For example, wireless resources can also be indicated by a specific index.

[0540] In this disclosure, the names used for parameters, etc., are not limiting names in any respect. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions, etc., using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name; therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not limiting names in any respect.

[0541] The information, signals, etc., described in this disclosure can also be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc., which may be mentioned throughout the above description, can also be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0542] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output in at least one of the following directions: from higher level (upper layer) to lower level (lower layer), and from lower layer to higher level. Information, signals, etc., can also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0543] Input and output information, signals, etc., can be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc., can be overwritten, updated, or appended. Output information, signals, etc., can also be deleted. Input information, signals, etc., can also be sent to other devices.

[0544] The notification of information is not limited to the methods / implementations described in this disclosure, and may also be carried out by other methods. For example, the notification of information in this disclosure may also be implemented by physical layer signaling (e.g., downlink control information (DCI), uplink control information (UCI), etc.), higher layer signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB) etc.), medium access control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or combinations thereof.

[0545] In addition, physical layer signaling can also be referred to as Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. Furthermore, RRC signaling can also be referred to as RRC messages, such as RRC connection setup messages, RRC connection reconfiguration messages, etc. Additionally, MAC signaling can also be notified using, for example, the MAC control element (CE).

[0546] Furthermore, notification of specific information (e.g., a notification of “is X”) is not limited to explicit notification, but can also be implicit (e.g., by not providing that specific information, or by providing other information).

[0547] The determination can be made by a value represented by a single bit (0 or 1), by a true or false value (boolean), or by a numerical comparison (e.g., a comparison with a specific value).

[0548] Whether software is called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or any other name, it should be broadly interpreted to refer to instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, etc.

[0549] Furthermore, software, instructions, and information can also be sent and received via a transmission medium. For example, when software is sent from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technologies (coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) etc.) and wireless technologies (infrared, microwave, etc.), at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included within the definition of a transmission medium.

[0550] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure are interchangeable. “Network” may also mean devices included in a network (e.g., base stations).

[0551] In this disclosure, the terms “precoding”, “precoder”, “weight (precoding weight)”, “quasi-co-location (QCL)”, “transmission configuration indication state (TCI state)”, “spatial relation”, “spatial domain filter”, “transmit power”, “phase rotation”, “antenna port”, “layer”, “number of layers”, “rank”, “resource”, “resource set”, “beam”, “beamwidth”, “beam angle”, “antenna”, “antenna element”, “panel”, “UE panel”, “transmitting entity”, and “receiving entity” are used interchangeably.

[0552] Furthermore, in this disclosure, the antenna port can also be rewritten with an antenna port used for any signal / channel (e.g., a DeModulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port). In this disclosure, the resources can also be rewritten with resources used for any signal / channel (e.g., reference signal resources, SRS resources, etc.). Additionally, the resources may also include time / frequency / code / space / power resources. Moreover, the spatial domain transmission filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0553] The aforementioned groups may include, for example, at least one of the following: spatial relation group, code division multiplexing (CDM) group, reference signal (RS) group, control resource set (CORESET) group, PUCCH group, antenna port group (e.g., DMRS port group), layer group, resource group, beam group, antenna group, panel group, etc.

[0554] Furthermore, in this disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), RS, etc., can also be rewritten to each other.

[0555] Furthermore, in this disclosure, the TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, and joint TCI state can also be rewritten.

[0556] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL", "QCL concept", "QCL relationship", "QCL type information", "QCL property (QCLproperty / properties)", "specific QCL type (e.g., type A, type D) property", and "specific QCL type (e.g., type A, type D)" can be interchanged.

[0557] In this disclosure, indexes, identifiers (IDs), indicators, indications, resource IDs, etc., can be interchanged. Sequences, lists, sets, groups, clusters, subsets, etc., can also be interchanged.

[0558] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and the spatial relationship information (TCI state) can be interchanged. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" can also be interchanged with "a set of spatial relationship information (TCI states)," "one or more spatial relationship information," etc. TCI state and TCI can also be interchanged. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationship can also be interchanged.

[0559] In this disclosure, the terms "Base Station (BS)", "Wireless Base Station", "Fixed Station", "NodeB", "eNB (eNodeB)", "gNB (gNodeB)", "Access Point", "Transmission Point (TP)", "Reception Point (RP)", "Transmission / Reception Point (TRP)", "Panel", "Cell", "Sector", "Cell Group", "Carrier", and "Component Carrier" are used interchangeably. There are also instances where the terms macro cell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell are used to refer to a base station.

[0560] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, each of which can also provide communication services through a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). Terms such as "cell" or "sector" refer to a portion or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and base station subsystem providing communication services within that coverage area.

[0561] In this disclosure, the base station sends information to the terminal, which can also be interchanged with the base station instructing the terminal to perform control / operation based on that information.

[0562] In this disclosure, the terms “Mobile Station (MS)”, “user terminal”, “user equipment (UE)”, and “terminal” are used interchangeably.

[0563] There are also instances where mobile stations are referred to as subscriber stations, mobile units, subscriber units, wireless units, remote units, mobile devices, wireless devices, wireless communication devices, remote devices, mobile subscriber stations, access terminals, mobile terminals, wireless terminals, remote terminals, handsets, user agents, mobile clients, clients, or several other appropriate terms.

[0564] At least one of the base station and the mobile station can also be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Additionally, at least one of the base station and the mobile station can also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0565] The term "mobile body" refers to a movable object whose speed is arbitrary, including when the object is stationary. Examples of such mobile bodies include vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, loading shovels, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, trolleys, rickshaws, ships (ships and other watercraft), airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, hot air balloons, and objects carried by them, but are not limited to these. Furthermore, the mobile body can also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on operational commands.

[0566] The mobile entity can be a means of transportation (e.g., a vehicle, an airplane, etc.), a mobile entity moving in an unmanned manner (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (humanized or unmanned). Additionally, at least one of the base station and the mobile station also includes a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station can also be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0567] Figure 20 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a speed sensor 51, a bar pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0568] The drive unit 41 is comprised of at least one of an engine, a motor, or a combination of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 42 is configured to include at least a steering wheel (also called a steering handle) that steers at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on operation of the steering wheel by the user.

[0569] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, a memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (e.g., an input / output (IO) port) 63). Signals from various sensors 50-58 present in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 can also be referred to as an electronic control unit (ECU).

[0570] The signals from various sensors 50-58 include the current signal from the current sensor 50 that senses the current of the motor, the rotational speed signal of the front wheel 46 / rear wheel 47 obtained by the speed sensor 51, the air pressure signal of the front wheel 46 / rear wheel 47 obtained by the air pressure sensor 52, the vehicle speed signal obtained by the vehicle speed sensor 53, the acceleration signal obtained by the acceleration sensor 54, the accelerator pedal 43 depress amount signal obtained by the accelerator pedal sensor 55, the brake pedal 44 depress amount signal obtained by the brake pedal sensor 56, the shift lever 45 operation signal obtained by the shift lever sensor 57, and the detection signal obtained by the object detection sensor 58 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0571] The information service unit 59 consists of various devices such as a navigation system, audio system, speakers, display, television, and radio, used to provide (output) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information obtained from external devices via the communication module 60, etc., to provide various information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0572] The information service unit 59 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) or output devices that implement output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED light, touch panel, etc.).

[0573] The driver assistance system unit 64 comprises various devices used to provide functions for preventing accidents or reducing the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, light detection and ranging (LiDAR), cameras, locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyroscope systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)) and Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. Furthermore, the driver assistance system unit 64 sends and receives various information via communication module 60 to realize driver assistance or autonomous driving functions.

[0574] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and the structural elements of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) with the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and various sensors 50-58 in the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, gear shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, electronic control unit 49 of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63.

[0575] The communication module 60, controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49, is a communication device capable of communicating with external devices. For example, it can transmit and receive various types of information wirelessly with external devices. The communication module 60 can be located both inside and outside the electronic control unit 49. External devices can be, for example, the aforementioned base station 10, user terminal 20, etc. Furthermore, the communication module 60 can be, for example, at least one of the aforementioned base station 10 and user terminal 20 (or function as at least one of the base station 10 and user terminal 20).

[0576] The communication module 60 can also wirelessly transmit at least one of the following to an external device: signals from the various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on these signals, and information based on input from an external (user) unit obtained via the information service unit 59. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., can also be referred to as input units that receive input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted via the communication module 60 can also contain information based on the aforementioned input.

[0577] The communication module 60 receives various types of information (traffic information, traffic light information, workshop information, etc.) sent from external devices and displays them on the vehicle's information service unit 59. The information service unit 59 can also be referred to as an output unit for outputting information (e.g., information based on the PDSCH received through the communication module 60 (or data / information decoded according to the PDSCH) and outputting it to devices such as displays and speakers).

[0578] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various types of information received from external devices into a memory 62 that can be utilized by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 can also control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, gear shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, and various sensors 50-58, etc., of the vehicle 40.

[0579] Furthermore, the base station in this disclosure can also be rewritten as a user terminal. For example, various methods / implementations of this disclosure can be applied to structures where communication between the base station and the user terminal is replaced by communication between multiple user terminals (e.g., also referred to as device-to-device (D2D) or vehicle-to-everything (V2X)). In this case, it can also be configured such that the user terminal 20 has the functions of the base station 10 described above. In addition, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" can be rewritten as terms corresponding to inter-terminal communication (e.g., "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., can also be rewritten as sidelink channel.

[0580] Similarly, the user terminal in this disclosure can also be rewritten as a base station. In this case, it can also be configured such that the base station 10 has the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0581] In this disclosure, operations purported to be performed by a base station are sometimes also performed by its upper node, depending on the circumstances. Clearly, in a network containing one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations for communication with a terminal can be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (e.g., consider a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or combinations thereof.

[0582] The various methods / implementations described in this disclosure can be used individually, in combination, or switched as needed during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, timing sequences, flowcharts, etc., of the various methods / implementations described in this disclosure can be rearranged as long as they do not contradict each other. For example, regarding the methods described in this disclosure, the illustrated order is used to indicate various steps, but the order is not limited to the specific order indicated.

[0583] The various methods / implementations described in this disclosure can also be applied to Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG, where x is, for example, an integer or a decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Futuregeneration radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM, a registered trademark), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), and IEEE This includes 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-Wideband (UWB)), Bluetooth (registered trademark), systems utilizing other suitable wireless communication methods, and next-generation systems derived from, extended by, modified by, created by, or specified based on these methods. Furthermore, multiple systems can be combined (e.g., LTE or LTE-A, combinations with 5G, etc.) for application.

[0584] As used in this disclosure, the term "based on" does not mean "based on only" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the term "based on" means both "based on only" and "based on at least".

[0585] Any reference to an element using the designations "first," "second," etc., as used in this disclosure does not comprehensively limit the quantity or order of these elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Therefore, reference to the first and second elements does not imply that only two elements may be used, or that the first element must take precedence over the second element in some form.

[0586] The term "determining" as used in this disclosure can encompass a wide variety of operations. For example, "determining" can also refer to judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (search, inquiry) (e.g., searching in a table, database or other data structure), and ascertaining.

[0587] In addition, "judgment (decision)" can also refer to receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), inputting, outputting, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc., as situations where "judgment (decision)" is performed.

[0588] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can also refer to situations where resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, or comparing are considered as making a "judgment (decision)". That is, "judgment (decision)" can also refer to certain actions as making a "judgment (decision)". In this disclosure, "judgment (decision)" can also be rewritten in relation to the aforementioned actions.

[0589] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "determine / determining" can also be rewritten as "assume / assuming," "expect / expecting," "consider / considering," etc. Additionally, in this disclosure, "not assuming..." can be interchanged with "assuming not to proceed..."

[0590] In this disclosure, "expect" can also be interchanged with "be expected." For example, "expect(s)..." (where "..." can also be expressed as a that clause, to infinitive, etc.) can also be interchanged with "be expected...". "Does not expect..." can also be interchanged with "be not expected...". Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected..." can also be interchanged with "Apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect..." (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B can also be a base station).

[0591] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may refer to the maximum value of the transmit power, the nominal maximum transmit power, or the rated maximum transmit power.

[0592] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” or all variations thereof, refer to all direct or indirect connections or combinations between two or more elements, and can include cases where there is one or more intermediate elements between two mutually “connected” or “coupled” elements. The connections or combinations between elements can be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” can also be rewritten as “access.”

[0593] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, it is possible to consider using more than one wire, cable, printed electrical connection, etc. to be "connected" or "combined" with each other, and as several non-limiting and non-inclusive examples, to use electromagnetic energy with wavelengths in the wireless frequency domain, microwave region, light (both visible and invisible) region to be "connected" or "combined" with each other.

[0594] In this disclosure, the term "A is different from B" can also mean "A and B are different from each other." Additionally, the term can also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combined" can also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0595] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms, like the term "comprising," mean inclusive. Furthermore, the term "or" as used in this disclosure does not mean XOR.

[0596] In this disclosure, for example, in cases where articles are added through translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may also include cases where the noun following these articles is in a plural form.

[0597] In this disclosure, terms such as "below," "less than," "above," "more than," and "equal to" can be interchanged. Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "large," "small," "high," "low," "early," "late," "wide," and "narrow," etc., are not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees and can be interchanged. Additionally, in this disclosure, expressions for terms meaning "good," "bad," "large," "small," "high," "low," "early," "late," "wide," and "narrow," etc., prefixed with "i" (where i is any integer), can also be interchanged, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees (for example, "highest" and "i-th highest" can also be interchanged).

[0598] In this disclosure, the words “of,” “for,” “regarding,” “related to,” and “associated with” can be interchanged.

[0599] In this disclosure, phrases such as "when A, B", "if A, then B", "B upon A", "B in response to A", "B based on A", "B during / while A", "B before A", "B at the same time as / on A", "B after A", "B since A", and "B until A" can be rewritten interchangeably. Furthermore, A and B can be rewritten as nouns, verbs, or other appropriate expressions depending on the context. Additionally, the time difference between A and B can be almost zero (immediately after or before A). Moreover, time offsets can be applied to the time A occurs. For example, "A" can be rewritten interchangeably with "before / after the time offset of A". This time offset (e.g., more than one symbol / slot) can be predetermined or determined by the UE based on notification information.

[0600] In this disclosure, timing, moment, time, time instance, any time unit (e.g., time slot, sub-slot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc., can also be rewritten to each other.

[0601] The inventions disclosed herein have been described in detail above. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the inventions disclosed herein are not limited to the embodiments described herein. The description herein is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to impose any limitation on the inventions disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A relay device, comprising: The receiving unit receives angle and distance information related to the terminal; and The control unit determines a pre-encoder, calculated based on the multiplication of a first matrix and a second matrix, for signals facing the terminal, based on at least one of the angle information and the distance information.

2. The relay device as described in claim 1, wherein, The first matrix is ​​angle-dependent, and the second matrix is ​​distance-dependent.

3. The relay device as described in claim 1, wherein, The first matrix is ​​a matrix that depends on the reference points of the subarray, and the second matrix is ​​a matrix that depends on the distance.

4. The relay device as described in claim 1, wherein, The quantization of the angle information and the quantization of the distance information are performed separately or jointly.

5. A relay method, comprising: The steps for receiving angle and distance information related to the terminal; and The step of determining a pre-encoder for the signal facing the terminal, calculated based on the multiplication of a first matrix and a second matrix, based on at least one of the angle information and the distance information.

6. A base station, comprising: The transmitting unit transmits angle and distance information related to the terminal; and The control unit, using at least one of the angle information and the distance information, instructs a pre-encoder, calculated based on the multiplication of a first matrix and a second matrix, to be applied to the signal facing the terminal.

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