1955 results about "Binary multiplier" patented technology

A test apparatus includes digital modulators provided in increments of multiple channels. A baseband signal generator performs retiming of data input as a modulation signal for the in-phase (quadrature) component, using a timing signal the timing of which can be adjusted, thereby generating a baseband signal. A driver generates a multi-value digital signal having a level that corresponds to the baseband signal output from the baseband signal generator. A multiplier amplitude-modulates a carrier signal with the multi-value digital signal. An adder sums the output signals of the multipliers.

The present invention provides a scattered pilot (SP) location detector capable of detecting patterns of SP symbols promptly without using a TMCC signal. The SP location detector comprises a multiplier which multiplies received signals generated by demodulating OFDM modulation signals in which pilot symbols are dispersively disposed in accordance with four types of patterns and which are transmitted periodically, by a pseudo-random number bit sequence, four arithmetic circuits which are respectively provided corresponding to the four types of patterns and which respectively extract pilot symbols corresponding to respective patterns from results of multiplication by the multiplier and calculate sums of phase differences between the extracted pilot symbols, followed by outputting absolute values thereof, and a pattern detection circuit which detects the corresponding arithmetic circuit maximum in the calculated absolute value from within the four arithmetic circuits.

A system for correcting the intensities of pixels supplied to a projector. An image generated by the projector has a number of regions formed by the overlapping of the image with one or more other images generated by one or more other projectors. The system includes: a first unit configured to generate a horizontal scaling value; a second unit configured to generate a vertical scaling value; a first multiplier configured to multiply the horizontal scaling value and the vertical scaling value to obtain a scaling coefficient, and a set of one or more additional multipliers configured to multiply components of an input pixel by the scaling coefficient to determine components for an output pixel. The first unit and second unit compute their respective scaling values in a way that allows for regions whose boundaries non-aligned in the vertical direction.

A Procesor-In-Memory (PIM) includes a digital accelerator for image and graphics processing. The digital accelerator is based on an ALU having multipliers for processing combinations of bits smaller than those in the input data (e.g., 4×4 adders if the input data are 8-bit numbers). The ALU implements various arithmetic algorithms for addition, multiplication, and other operations. A secondary processing logic includes adders in series and parallel to permit vector operations as well as operations on longer scalars. A self-repairing ALU is also disclosed.

The invention provides a compressed convolutional neural network-oriented parallel convolution operation method and apparatus. The method comprises the steps of determining an adopted operation mode according to input control signal convolution data shift chain length selection, accumulated offset enabling and convolution calculation enabling; and by adopting two serial shift register chains, inputting convolution data, convolution parameters and channel offset, and performing 3X3 and 1X1 convolution operation at the same time for a same input convolution data stream. According to the method, a multiplier, an accumulator, a parameter register and an offset register are added only based on original serial shift register chain-based 3X3 convolution operation; the realization method is simple; the executive efficiency is high; and the convolution operation in a compressed neural network algorithm can be effectively accelerated. According to the apparatus, a plurality of characteristic graphs can be output at the same time through simple hardware unit expansion and copying; and the apparatus has the advantages of low power consumption, high function unit utilization rate and high processing speed.

A multiplier configured to obtain higher frequencies of exactly rounded results by adding an adjustment constant to intermediate products generated during iterative multiplication operations is disclosed. One such iterative multiplication operation is the Newton-Raphson iteration, which may be utilized by the multiplier to perform reciprocal calculations and reciprocal square root calculations. For each iteration, the results converge toward an infinitely precise result. To improve the frequency of the exactly rounded result, the results of the iterative calculations may be studied for a large number of differing input operands to determine the best suited value for the adjustment constant. The multiplier may also be configured to perform scalar and packed vector multiplication using the same hardware.

Saturation and rounding capabilities are implemented in MAC blocks to provide rounded and saturated outputs of multipliers and of add-subtract-accumulate circuitrs implemented using DSP. These features support any suitable format of value representation, including the x.15 format. Circuitry within the multipliers and the add-subtract-accumulate circuits implement the rounding and saturation features of the present invention.

A specialized processing block for a programmable logic device incorporates a fundamental processing unit that performs a sum of two multiplications, adding the partial products of both multiplications without computing the individual multiplications. Such fundamental processing units consume less area than conventional separate multipliers and adders. The specialized processing block further has input and output stages, as well as a loopback function, to allow the block to be configured for various digital signal processing operations.

A programming method efficiently programs programmable logic devices of the type having specialized multiplier blocks that include multipliers and other arithmetic function elements. Such blocks can be used to perform certain multiplication and multiplication-related functions more efficiently than general-purpose programmable logic. In order to efficiently program devices having such specialized multiplier blocks, so that they are used to their full potential and so that the maximum number of multiplier-related functions can be accommodated on a single programmable logic device, the programming method pre-processes the netlist of function blocks in a user's programmable logic design, grouping multiplication and multiplication-related functions efficiently. The method takes into account limitations imposed by the structure of the specialized multiplier blocks, in addition to location constraints imposed by the user and location constraints dictated by the need for certain functions be carried out near where certain other functions are carried out.

A multiplier array processing system which improves the utilization of the multiplier and adder array for lower-precision arithmetic is described. New instructions are defined which provide for the deployment of additional multiply and add operations as a result of a single instruction, and for the deployment of greater multiply and add operands as the symbol size is decreased.

A reduction operation is utilized in an arithmetic operation on two binary polynomials X(t) and Y(t) over GF(2), where an irreducible polynomial Mm(t)=t<m>+am-1t<m-1>+am-2t<m-2>+ . . . +a1t+a0, where the coefficients as are equal to either 1 or 0, and m is a field degree. The reduction operation includes partially reducing a result of the arithmetic operation on the two binary polynomials to produce a congruent polynomial of degree less than a chosen integer n, with m<=n. The partial reduction includes using a polynomial M'=(Mm(t)-t<m>)*t<n-m>, or a polynomial M''=Mm(t)*t<n-m >as part of reducing the result to the degree less than n and greater than or equal to m. The integer n can be the data path width of an arithmetic unit performing the arithmetic operation, a multiple of a digit size of a multiplier performing the arithmetic operation, a word size of a storage location, such as a register, or a maximum operand size of a functional unit in which the arithmetic operation is performed.

A circuit (10) for multiplying two floating point operands (A and C) while adding or subtracting a third floating point operand (B) removes latency associated with normalization and rounding from a critical speed path for dependent calculations. An intermediate representation of a product and a third operand are selectively shifted to facilitate use of prior unnormalized dependent resultants. Logic circuitry (24, 42) implements a truth table for determining when and how much shifting should be made to intermediate values based upon a resultant of a previous calculation, upon exponents of current operands and an exponent of a previous resultant operand. Normalization and rounding may be subsequently implemented, but at a time when a new cycle operation is not dependent on such operations even if data dependencies exist.

An RF amplifier system employing an analog predistortion module is disclosed. The disclosed analog predistortion module is based on zero crossings of the gain error curves (AM-AM and AM-PM curves minus DC). The hardware structure uses the product of first-order functions avoiding the need for large differential swings in the coefficients to shape the lower part of the gain curves. The higher-order nonlinear functions are preferably derived from a single envelope detector. An equal number of multipliers are preferably used in each path when the order of the magnitude and phase corrections are equal or differ by one, thus reducing delay mismatches between the magnitude and phase correction signals.

The invention relates to an intermediate frequency direct sequence spread spectrum receiver for satellite ranging, which consists of 37 parts of a front-end A/D, an FFT module, a local PN code generator, a correlator, an automatic threshold calculation module and the like. The connection relationship is as follows: the output of the front-end A/D and the output of a carrier tracking loop NCO are respectively connected to an in-phase branch multiplier and an orthogonal branch multiplier, the input of the front-end A/D and the input of the carrier tracking loop NCO enter into an in-phase branch FIR low-pass filter and an orthogonal branch FIR low-pass filter, consequently, on the one hand, the output is sent to an integral zero clearing device, then the output which is sent to the FFT module, a branch 1 local PN code memory ROM and a branch 2 local PN code memory ROM enters into a branch 1 complex multiplier and a branch 2 complex multiplier, the output is sent to a branch 1 root mean square module and a branch 2 root mean square module, the output is sent to the threshold calculation module and a capturing and judging module for carrying out code catching; and on the other hand, the output is sent to the correlator and the local PN code generator for carrying out code tracking. The output of the correlator is simultaneously sent into a frequency discriminator/phase discriminator of the carrier tracking loop and then enters into a loop filter of the carrier tracking loop, and the output of the loop filter of the carrier tracking loop enters into the carrier tracking loop NCO for carrying out carrier tracking.

Disclosed is an apparatus and method for producing a library of low-cost, low-power multipliers which are easy to build, have self testing capabilities, and are regular. The multipliers multiply a first word having N bits by a second word having M bits and include a plurality of smaller multipliers each including a single array of borrow parallel counters for receiving a trisected input and processing at least part of a trisected input according to a predetermined formula, an x:2 (where x=3, 2) counter which may be coupled with at least one borrow parallel counter to form a synthesized borrow parallel counter, and an adder coupled to an output of at least one of the borrow parallel counters, the adder for summing the output of the at least one borrow parallel adder. Each of the smaller multipliers receives a trisected input and an adder for receiving and summing the outputs of the smaller multipliers.

Systems, methods, and apparatuses are provided for coarse-sensing modules that are operative for providing initial determinations of spectrum occupancy. The coarse-sensing modules may include a wavelet waveform generator providing a plurality of wavelet pulses, and a multiplier that combines the wavelet pulses with an input signal to form a correlation signal. The coarse sensing modules may further include an integrator that receives the generated correlation signal from the multiplier, where the integrator determines correlation values from integrating the correlation signal, and a spectrum recognition module in communication with the integrator that determines an available spectrum segment based at least in part on the correlation values. In addition, the spectrum recognition module may determine an available spectrum segment by utilizing information from a spectrum usage database, where the spectrum usage database includes information associated with one or more known signal types.

Compression of signal samples output from a parallel, time-interleaved analog to digital converter (TIADC) for a baseband signal, includes calculating first or higher order differences of consecutive signal samples followed by lossless or lossy encoding of the difference samples to produce compressed samples. Compression of a TIADC output signal with a nonzero center frequency, includes calculating sums or differences of pairs of signal samples separated by an appropriate number of sampling intervals followed by lossless or lossy encoding. The sums or differences of the signal samples have lower magnitudes than the original samples, allowing more efficient compression. Lossy compression alternatives produce compressed data with a fixed bit rate or with a fixed quality in the decompressed samples. Alternatives for lossy compression include attenuating the analog signal before sampling by the TIADC, applying bit shifters or multipliers after sampling to reduce the magnitudes of the signal samples, and lossy encoding.

There is provided with a convolution operation apparatus. A first product-sum calculator includes a plurality of first multipliers, a plurality of first accumulators, a first data supplier which supplies first data to the plurality of first multipliers, and a second data supplier which supplies a plurality of second data to the plurality of first multipliers. A second product-sum calculator includes a plurality of second multipliers, a plurality of second accumulators, a third data supplier which supplies third data to the plurality of second multipliers, and a fourth data supplier which receives and holds an output from each of the plurality of first accumulators and supply the outputs as fourth data to a corresponding one of the plurality of second multipliers.

This invention discloses a HiNAND array scheme with multiple-level of bit lines (BLs) including metal3 global bit lines (GBLs), divided metal2 Segment bit lines (SBLs), and divided metal1 block bit lines (BBLs) laid out in parallel to each other respectively for a plurality of NAND Strings. All other source lines or power lines connected to bottoms of corresponding String capacitances of GBLs, SBLs, and BBLs are associated with metal0 line laid out perpendicular to those BLs. Under the HiNAND array scheme, conventional one-WL Read and Program-Verify operations are replaced by multiple-WL and All-BL Read and Program-Verify operations executed with charge capacitance of SBLs being reduced to 1/10- 1/20 of capacitance of GBLs to achieve DRAM-like faster operation, less operation stress, and lower power consumption. A preferred set of program biased voltages on the selected WL and remaining non-selected WLs associated with a Multiplier and a DRAM-like charge-sharing Latch Sensing Amplifier is proposed.