WTRU Assisted Space Adaptation For Network Energy Saving

Abstract

Systems, methods, and instrumentalities related to auxiliary space adaptation associated with network energy savings are provided. A wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may receive a first CSI-RS and a second CSI-RS. The WTRU may determine an initial CSI-RS hypothesis. The initial CSI-RS hypothesis may be a first CSI-RS hypothesis associated with a first CSI-RS or a second CSI-RS hypothesis associated with a second CSI-RS. The WTRU may send an indication of a hypothesis index associated with the initial CSI-RS hypothesis to a network node. The WTRU may receive an indication of a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state via a downlink transmission. The WTRU may determine a QCL source based on the CSI-RS hypothesis and the indicated TCI state. The CSI-RS hypothesis may be an indicated CSI-RS hypothesis indicated by network signaling or an initial CSI-RS hypothesis. The WTRU may decode the downlink channel based on the QCL source.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 457,051, filed April 4, 2023, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Background Technology

[0002] Mobile communications using wireless communication are constantly evolving. Fifth-generation mobile radio access technology (RAT) can be referred to as 5G New Radio (NR). Previous-generation (traditional) mobile communication RATs could be, for example, fourth-generation (4G) Long Term Evolution (LTE). Wireless communication devices can establish communication with other devices and data networks, for example, via access networks such as radio access networks (RAN). Summary of the Invention

[0003] Systems, methods, and means are provided that can relate to auxiliary spatial adaptations associated with network energy conservation. A Wireless Transmitter Receiver Unit (WTRU) can receive a first CSI-RS and a second CSI-RS. The WTRU can determine an initial CSI-RS hypothesis. The initial CSI-RS hypothesis can be a first CSI-RS hypothesis associated with the first CSI-RS or a second CSI-RS hypothesis associated with the second CSI-RS. The WTRU can send an indication of a hypothesis index associated with the initial CSI-RS hypothesis to the network node. The WTRU can receive an indication of the Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) status via downlink transmission. The WTRU can determine the QCL source based on the CSI-RS hypothesis and the indicated TCI status. The CSI-RS hypothesis can be an indicated CSI-RS hypothesis indicated by network signaling or an initial CSI-RS hypothesis. The WTRU can decode the downlink channel based on the QCL source.

[0004] The WTRU can determine measurements. Measurements can be associated with hypothesis indices. Measurements can be associated with CSI-RS resource indicators (CRI) or reference signal received power (RSRP). The WTRU can send indications of measurements to network nodes. The determination of initial CSI-RS hypotheses can be based on sequences associated with one or more of the first or second CSI-RS. QCL sources can be associated with port numbers or one or more CSI-RS resources.

[0005] The WTRU can maintain the QCL state associated with the initial CSI-RS assumption, the CSI-RS associated with the initial CSI-RS assumption, and the port associated with the CSI-RS. The WTRU can update the maintained QCL state based on the third received CSI-RS. Downlink transmissions can be Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) transmissions or Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) transmissions. Attached Figure Description

[0006] Figure 1A This is a system diagram illustrating an example communication system in which one or more of the disclosed embodiments may be implemented; Figure 1B It is shown that, according to the embodiment, it is possible to Figure 1A The system diagram shown is of an example wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) used in the communication system. Figure 1C It is shown that, according to the embodiment, it is possible to Figure 1A The system diagram shows an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (CN) used in the communication system shown. Figure 1D It is shown that, according to the embodiment, it is possible to Figure 1A The system diagram shown illustrates yet another example RAN and yet another example CN used in the communication system; and Figure 2 An example is shown where a WTRU receives a non-zero power channel state information-reference signal (NZP-CSI-RS) resource group, derives the channel state information (CSI) for each group associated with a hypothetical index, and reports the derived CSI to the network. Detailed Implementation

[0007] Figure 1A This diagram illustrates an example communication system 100, in which one or more of the disclosed embodiments can be implemented. Communication system 100 can be a multiple access system providing content such as voice, data, video, messaging, and broadcasting to multiple wireless users. Communication system 100 enables multiple wireless users to access such content by sharing system resources, including wireless bandwidth. For example, communication system 100 can employ one or more channel access methods, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), Zero-Tail Unique Word DFT Spread Spectrum OFDM (ZT-UW-DFT-S-OFDM), Unique Word OFDM (UW-OFDM), Resource Block Filtered OFDM, Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC), etc.

[0008] like Figure 1AAs shown, the communication system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, RAN 104 / 113, CN 106 / 115, Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 108, Internet 110, and other networks 112. However, it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d (any of which can be referred to as a "station" and / or "STA") can be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and can include user equipment (UE), mobile stations, fixed or mobile subscriber units, subscription-based units, pagers, cellular phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), smartphones, laptops, netbooks, personal computers, wireless sensors, hotspots or Mi-Fi devices, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, watches or other wearable devices, head-mounted displays (HMDs), vehicles, drones, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in industrial and / or automated processing chain environments), consumer electronics devices, devices operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, etc. Any of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d can be interchangeably referred to as a UE.

[0009] The communication system 100 may also include base station 114a and / or base station 114b. Each of base stations 114a and 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as CN 106 / 115, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. For example, base stations 114a and 114b may be base transceiver stations (BTS), node B, eNode-B, home node B, home eNode-B, NB, NR node B, site controller, access point (AP), or wireless router. Although base stations 114a and 114b are depicted as single elements, it should be understood that base stations 114a and 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0010] Base station 114a may be part of RAN 104, and RAN 104 / 113 may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as base station controllers (BSCs), radio network controllers (RNCs), relay nodes, etc. Base station 114a and / or base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive radio signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as cells (not shown). These frequencies may be in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide coverage of a specific geographic area, which may be relatively fixed or may change over time. A cell may also be divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one transceiver per sector of the cell. In one embodiment, base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to transmit and / or receive signals in a desired spatial direction.

[0011] Base stations 114a and 114b can communicate with one or more of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d via air interface 116. Air interface 116 can be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). Any suitable radio access technology (RAT) can be used to establish air interface 116.

[0012] More specifically, as described above, the communication system 100 can be a multiple access system and can employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, etc. For example, base stations 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c in RAN 104 / 113 can implement wireless technologies such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which can establish air interfaces 115 / 116 / 117 using Wideband CDMA (WCDMA). WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High-Speed ​​Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High-Speed ​​UL Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0013] In one embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement wireless technologies such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which can use Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or LTE-A Advanced (LTE-A) and / or LTE-A Pro Advanced (LTE-A Pro) to establish air interface 116.

[0014] In one embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement radio technologies such as NR wireless access, which can establish an air interface 116 using a new radio (NR).

[0015] In this embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can implement various radio access technologies. For example, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can jointly implement LTE radio access and NR radio access, for example, using the dual connectivity (DC) principle. Therefore, the air interface utilized by WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can be characterized by various types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from various types of base stations (e.g., eNBs and gNBs).

[0016] In other embodiments, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., WiMAX), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Provisional Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Provisional Standard 95 (IS-95), Provisional Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data Rate GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSMEDGE (GERAN), etc.

[0017] For example, Figure 1ABase station 114b can be a wireless router, home node B, home eNode-B, or access point, and can utilize any suitable RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity in a local area, such as commercial locations, homes, vehicles, campuses, industrial facilities, air corridors (e.g., for drone use), roads, etc. In one embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In one embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In yet another embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can utilize cellular-based RATs (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish picocells or femtocells. Figure 1A As shown, base station 114b can have a direct connection to Internet 110. Therefore, it is not required that base station 114b access Internet 110 via CN 106 / 115.

[0018] RAN 104 / 113 can communicate with CN 106 / 115, which can be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, application, and / or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d. Data can have different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, such as different throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, etc. CN 106 / 115 can provide call control, billing services, location-based services, prepaid calling, internet connectivity, video distribution, and / or perform advanced security functions such as user authentication. Although in Figure 1A Although not shown, it should be understood that RAN104 / 113 and / or CN 106 / 115 can communicate directly or indirectly with other RANs using the same RAT as RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT. For example, in addition to connecting to RAN 104 / 113, which may utilize NR radio technology, CN 106 / 115 can also communicate with another RAN (not shown) using GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technology.

[0019] CN 106 / 115 can also serve as a gateway for WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. PSTN 108 may include a circuit-switched telephone network providing Common Old-Style Telephone Service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices using common communication protocols such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and / or Internet Protocol (IP) from the TCP / IP Internet Protocol suite. Network 112 may include wired and / or wireless communication networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, network 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may use the same RAT as RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT.

[0020] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d in communication system 100 may include multimodal capabilities (e.g., WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks via different wireless links). For example, Figure 1A The WTRU 102c shown can be configured to communicate with base station 114a, which can use cellular-based radio technology, and to communicate with base station 114b, which can use IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0021] Figure 1B This shows a system diagram of an example WTRU 102. (See diagram below.) Figure 1B As shown, among other things, WTRU 102 may include a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power supply 134, a Global Positioning System (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other peripherals 138. It should be understood that WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with the embodiments.

[0022] Processor 118 may be a general-purpose processor, a special-purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, etc. Processor 118 may perform signal encoding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functions that enable WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. Processor 118 may be coupled to transceiver 120, and transceiver 120 may be coupled to transmitting / receiving element 122. Although Figure 1B The processor 118 and transceiver 120 are depicted as separate components, but it should be understood that the processor 118 and transceiver 120 may be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.

[0023] The transmitting / receiving element 122 can be configured to transmit signals to or receive signals from a base station (e.g., base station 114a) via the air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, the transmitting / receiving element 122 can be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In one embodiment, the transmitting / receiving element 122 can be, for example, a transmitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive IR, UV, or visible light signals. In yet another embodiment, the transmitting / receiving element 122 can be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF and optical signals. It should be understood that the transmitting / receiving element 122 can be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0024] Although the transmitting / receiving element 122 is in Figure 1B While depicted as a single element, WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. More specifically, WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals via air interface 116.

[0025] Transceiver 120 can be configured to modulate signals transmitted by transmit / receive element 122 and demodulate signals received by transmit / receive element 122. As described above, WTRU 102 can have multimode capability. Therefore, transceiver 120 can include multiple transceivers to enable WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11.

[0026] The processor 118 of WTRU 102 can be coupled to a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, and / or a display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) unit or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit) and can receive user input data therefrom. The processor 118 can also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, keypad 126, and / or display / touchpad 128. Furthermore, the processor 118 can access and store information from any type of suitable memory, such as non-removable memory 130 and / or removable memory 132. Non-removable memory 130 may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. Removable memory 132 may include a user identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital storage (SD) card, etc. In other embodiments, the processor 118 can access and store information from memory that is not physically located on WTRU 102 (such as on a server or home computer (not shown)).

[0027] The processor 118 may receive power from the power supply 134 and may be configured to distribute and / or control power to other components in the WTRU 102. The power supply 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power supply 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, etc.

[0028] The processor 118 may also be coupled to a GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) about the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to, or instead of, information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information from base stations (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) via the air interface 116, and / or determine its location based on the timing of signals received from two or more nearby base stations. It should be understood that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information using any suitable location determination method while remaining consistent with the embodiments.

[0029] The processor 118 may also be coupled to other peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules providing additional features, functions, and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, peripherals 138 may include accelerometers, electronic compasses, satellite transceivers, digital cameras (for photos and / or videos), Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports, vibration devices, television transceivers, hands-free headsets, Bluetooth® modules, FM radio units, digital music players, media players, video game player modules, internet browsers, virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) devices, activity trackers, etc. Peripherals 138 may include one or more sensors, which may be one or more of the following: gyroscopes, accelerometers, Hall effect sensors, magnetometers, orientation sensors, proximity sensors, temperature sensors, time sensors, geolocation sensors; altimeters, light sensors, touch sensors, magnetometers, barometers, attitude sensors, biometric sensors, and / or humidity sensors.

[0030] WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio for which the transmission and reception of some or all signals (e.g., associated with a specific subframe of both UL (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full-duplex radio may include an interference management unit to reduce and / or substantially eliminate self-interference through hardware (e.g., chokes) or through signal processing by a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or through processor 118). In one embodiment, WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which the transmission and reception of some or all signals (e.g., associated with a specific subframe of either UL (e.g., for transmission) or downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous.

[0031] Figure 1C This is a system diagram illustrating RAN 104 and CN 106 according to an embodiment. As described above, RAN 104 can communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via air interface 116 using E-UTRA radio technology. RAN 104 can also communicate with CN 106.

[0032] RAN 104 may include eNode-B 160a, 160b, and 160c; however, it should be understood that RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with the embodiments. Each eNode-B 160a, 160b, and 160c may include one or more transceivers for communicating with WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c via air interface 116. In one embodiment, eNode-B 160a, 160b, and 160c may implement MIMO technology. Therefore, for example, eNode-B 160a may use multiple antennas to transmit radio signals to and / or receive radio signals from WTRU 102a.

[0033] Each of the eNode-B 160a, 160b, and 160c can be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and can be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in UL and / or DL, etc. Figure 1C As shown, eNode-B 160a, 160b, and 160c can communicate with each other via the X2 interface.

[0034] Figure 1C The CN 106 shown may include a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, a Serving Gateway (SGW) 164, and a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (or PGW) 166. While each of the foregoing elements is described as part of CN 106, it should be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than a CN operator.

[0035] The MME 162 can connect to each of the eNode-Bs 162a, 162b, and 162c in RAN 104 via the S1 interface and can act as a control node. For example, the MME 162 can be responsible for authenticating users of WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, bearer activation / deactivation, selecting a specific serving gateway during the initial attachment of WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, etc. The MME 162 can provide control plane functions for handover between RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) employing other radio technologies such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0036] The SGW 164 can connect to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c in RAN 104 via the S1 interface. The SGW 164 can typically route and forward user data packets to / from WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c. The SGW 164 can perform other functions such as anchoring the user plane during inter-eNode-B handover, triggering paging when DL data is available for WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, and managing and storing the context of WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c.

[0037] SGW 164 can connect to PGW 166, which can provide WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks such as Internet 110, so as to facilitate communication between WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0038] CN 106 can facilitate communication with other networks. For example, CN 106 can provide WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c with access to a circuit-switched network such as PSTN 108, facilitating communication between WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional landline communication equipment. For example, CN 106 may include, or be able to communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that acts as an interface between CN 106 and PSTN 108. Furthermore, CN 106 can provide WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0039] Despite WTRU in Figure 1A-1D While described as a wireless terminal, it is conceivable that in some representative embodiments, such a terminal may use (e.g., temporarily or permanently) a wired communication interface with a communication network.

[0040] In a representative embodiment, another network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0041] In Infrastructure Basic Services Set (BSS) mode, a WLAN may have an access point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have access or an interface to a distributed system (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that transmits traffic to and / or out of the BSS. Traffic originating outside the BSS destined for a STA can be delivered to the AP. Traffic from a STA to a destination outside the BSS can be sent to the AP for delivery to the appropriate destination. For example, traffic between STAs within the BSS can be transmitted via the AP, where the source STA can send traffic to the AP, and the AP can deliver traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs within the BSS can be considered and / or referred to as peer-to-peer traffic. Peer-to-peer traffic can be transmitted between source and destination STAs (e.g., directly between them) using Direct Link Establishment (DLS). In some representative embodiments, the DLS may use 802.11e DLS or 802.11z Tunneled DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using Standalone BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an access point (AP), and STAs within the IBSS or using the IBSS (e.g., all STAs) can communicate directly with each other. The IBSS communication mode is sometimes referred to here as an "ad-hoc" communication mode.

[0042] When operating in 802.11ac infrastructure mode or a similar mode, the AP can transmit beacons on a fixed channel, such as the primary channel. The primary channel can be of a fixed width (e.g., a wide bandwidth of 20 MHz) or dynamically set via signaling. The primary channel can be the operating channel of the BSS and can be used by the STA to establish a connection with the AP. In some representative embodiments, Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA / CA) can be implemented, for example in an 802.11 system. For CSMA / CA, the STAs including the AP (e.g., each STA) can sense the primary channel. If a particular STA senses / detects and / or determines that the primary channel is busy, that particular STA can back off. A single STA (e.g., only one station) can transmit at any given time within a given BSS.

[0043] High-throughput (HT) STAs can communicate using a 40 MHz wide channel, for example, by combining a primary 20 MHz channel with adjacent or non-adjacent 20 MHz channels.

[0044] Very High Throughput (VHT) STAs can support 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and / or 160 MHz wide channels. 40 MHz and / or 80 MHz channels can be formed by combining consecutive 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel can be formed by combining eight consecutive 20 MHz channels, or by combining two non-consecutive 80 MHz channels, which can be referred to as an 80+80 configuration. For the 80+80 configuration, after channel coding, the data can be divided into two streams by a segment parser. Each stream can be processed separately using Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) and time-domain processing. The streams can be mapped onto the two 80 MHz channels, and the data can be transmitted by the transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the operation of the 80+80 configuration can be reversed, and the combined data can be sent to the Media Access Control (MAC).

[0045] 802.11af and 802.11ah support sub-1 GHz operating modes. The channel operating bandwidth and carrier are reduced in 802.11af and 802.11ah compared to those used in 802.11n and 802.11ac. 802.11af supports 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz bandwidths in the TV whitespace (TVWS) spectrum, while 802.11ah supports 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to representative embodiments, 802.11ah can support metering-type control / machine-type communications, such as MTC devices in macro coverage areas. MTC devices may have certain capabilities, such as limited capabilities, including support (e.g., only support) certain and / or limited bandwidths. MTC devices may include batteries with a battery life exceeding a threshold (e.g., to maintain very long battery life).

[0046] WLAN systems that can support multiple channels and channel bandwidths (such as 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah) include a channel that can be designated as the primary channel. The primary channel can have a bandwidth equal to the maximum common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel can be set and / or limited by the STAs operating in the BSS that support the minimum bandwidth operating mode. In the example of 802.11ah, for STAs that support (e.g., only support) the 1 MHz mode (e.g., MTC type devices), the primary channel can be 1 MHz wide, even if the AP and other STAs in the BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier Sense and / or Network Assignment Vector (NAV) settings may depend on the status of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy transmitting to the AP, for example due to an STA (only supporting the 1 MHz operating mode), the entire available band can be considered busy, even if most of the band remains idle and can be available.

[0047] In the United States, the available frequency band for 802.11ah is from 902 MHz to 928 MHz. In South Korea, the available frequency band is from 917.5 MHz to 923.5 MHz. In Japan, the available frequency band is from 916.5 MHz to 927.5 MHz. The total available bandwidth for 802.11ah is 6 MHz to 26 MHz, depending on the country code.

[0048] Figure 1D This is a system diagram illustrating RAN 113 and CN 115 according to an embodiment. As described above, RAN 113 can communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via air interface 116 using NR radio technology. RAN 113 can also communicate with CN 115.

[0049] RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c; however, it should be understood that RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with the embodiments. gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via air interface 116. In one embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, gNBs 180a and 108b may utilize beamforming to transmit signals to and / or receive signals from gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c. Therefore, for example, gNB 180a may use multiple antennas to transmit radio signals to and / or receive radio signals from WTRU 102a. In one embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, gNB 180a can transmit multiple component carriers (not shown) to WTRU 102a. A subset of these component carriers may be on unlicensed spectrum, while the remaining component carriers may be on licensed spectrum. In one embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) technology. For example, WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from gNBs 180a and 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[0050] WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNB180a, 180b, and 180c using transmissions associated with scalable digitization. For example, the OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing can differ for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the radio transmission spectrum. WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNB180a, 180b, and 180c using subframes or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of various or scalable lengths (e.g., including a variable number of OFDM symbols and / or a continuously variable absolute time).

[0051] gNB180a, 180b, and 180c can be configured to communicate with WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c in standalone and / or non-standalone configurations. In standalone configuration, WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNB180a, 180b, and 180c without accessing other RANs (e.g., eNode-B 160a, 160b, and 160c). In standalone configuration, WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c can utilize one or more of gNB180a, 180b, and 180c as mobility anchors. In standalone configuration, WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNB180a, 180b, and 180c using signals in unlicensed frequency bands. In a non-standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate / connect with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c, while also communicating / connecting with another RAN such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c. For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can implement DC principles to communicate substantially simultaneously with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c, as well as one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c. In a non-standalone configuration, eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c can act as mobility anchors for WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, and gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can provide additional coverage and / or throughput for serving WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c.

[0052] Each of gNB180a, 180b, and 180c can be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and can be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in UL and / or DL, network slicing support, dual connectivity, interoperability between NR and E-UTRA, routing user plane data to User Plane Functions (UPF) 184a and 184b, and routing control plane information to Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMF) 182a and 182b, etc. Figure 1D As shown, gNB180a, 180b, and 180c can communicate with each other via the Xn interface.

[0053] Figure 1DThe CN 115 shown may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one Session Management Function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and may include a Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b. While each of the foregoing elements is described as part of the CN 115, it should be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than a CN operator.

[0054] AMF 182a and 182b can connect to one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c in RAN 113 via the N2 interface and can act as control nodes. For example, AMF 182a and 182b can be responsible for authenticating users of WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c, supporting network slicing (e.g., handling different PDU sessions with different requirements), selecting specific SMF 183a and 183b, managing registration areas, terminating NAS signaling, mobility management, and so on. AMF 182a and 182b can use network slicing to customize CN support for WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c based on the service types used by WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c. For example, different network slices can be established for different use cases, such as services relying on Ultra Reliable Low Latency (URLLC) access, services relying on Enhanced Massive Mobile Broadband (eMBB) access, and services for Machine-Type Communication (MTC) access. AMF 162 can provide control plane functions for handover between RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) employing other radio technologies such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro and / or non-3GPP access technologies such as WiFi.

[0055] SMF 183a and 183b can connect to AMF 182a and 182b in CN 115 via the N11 interface. SMF 183a and 183b can also connect to UPF 184a and 184b in CN 115 via the N4 interface. SMF 183a and 183b can select and control UPF 184a and 184b, and configure the routing of services through UPF 184a and 184b. SMF 183a and 183b can perform other functions, such as managing and allocating WTRU IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, and providing downlink data notifications. PDU session types can be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, etc.

[0056] UPF 184a and 184b can be connected to one or more gNB180a, 180b, and 180c in RAN 113 via the N3 interface. This interface provides WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to packet-switched networks (such as Internet 110) to facilitate communication between WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. UPF 184 and 184b can perform other functions such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-destination PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, and providing mobility anchoring.

[0057] CN 115 can facilitate communication with other networks. For example, CN 115 may include, or be able to communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that acts as an interface between CN 115 and PSTN 108. Furthermore, CN 115 can provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c may be connected to the local data network (DN) 185a and 185b via the N3 interface to UPFs 184a and 184b and the N6 interface between UPFs 184a and 184b and DNs 185a and 185b.

[0058] Given Figure 1A-1D as well as Figure 1A-1D The corresponding descriptions herein refer to one or more of the following functions: WTRU 102a-d, Base Station 114a-b, eNode-B 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW166, gNB 180 ac, AMF 182 ab, UPF 184a-b, SMF 183 ab, DN185a-b, and / or any other device described herein. These functions can be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown). An emulation device can be one or more devices configured to emulate the functions described herein. For example, an emulation device can be used to test other devices and / or simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0059] Simulation devices can be designed to perform tests on one or more other devices in laboratory and / or carrier network environments. For example, one or more simulation devices can perform one or more or all of their functions while being fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network to test other devices within the communication network. One or more simulation devices can perform one or more or all of their functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For testing purposes, simulation devices can be directly coupled to another device and / or can use over-the-air wireless communication to perform tests.

[0060] One or more simulation devices may perform one or more functions, including all functions, rather than being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, simulation devices may be used to test test scenarios in laboratory and / or non-deployment (e.g., testing) wired and / or wireless communication networks to implement the testing of one or more components. One or more simulation devices may be test devices. Simulation devices may transmit and / or receive data using direct RF coupling and / or wireless communication via RF circuitry (e.g., which may include one or more antennas).

[0061] To improve network energy efficiency, WTRU can be used to assist in spatial adaptation. The features described in this paper can be associated with determining port virtualization assumptions based on CSI-RS sequences. Multiple QCL sources can be configured and indicated for each TCI state.

[0062] CSI can be reported. CSI can be channel state information and can be used as an indicator from the WTRU to the network, indicating how good (or bad) the channel is at any given time. gNB can use CSI to make scheduling decisions (e.g., selection of modulation and coding scheme (MCS)) and assist in beamforming.

[0063] The WTRU can be used to report that the time and frequency resources for CSI can be controlled by the gNB. The CSI report may include the Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI), SS / PBCH Block Resource Indicator (SSBRI), Layer Indicator (LI), Rank Indicator (RI), L1-RSRP, L1-SINR, and / or Capability [Set] Index.

[0064] For CQI, PMI, CRI, SSBRI, LI, RI, L1-RSRP, L1-SINR, and capability [set] indices, the WTRU can be configured by a higher layer having N ≥ 1 CSI-ReportConfig reporting settings, M ≥ 1 CSI-ResourceConfig resource settings, and one or two trigger state lists (e.g., given by the higher-layer parameters CSI-AperiodicTriggerStateList and CSI-SemiPersistentOnPUSCH-TriggerStateList). The trigger states in CSI-AperiodicTriggerStateList can include a list of associated CSI-ReportConfigs indicating the resource set IDs of the channel and interference. The trigger states in CSI-SemiPersistentOnPUSCH-TriggerStateList can include (e.g., one) an associated CSI-ReportConfig.

[0065] The CSI-ReportConfig can be associated with a (e.g., a single) downlink BWP (e.g., indicated by the higher-layer parameter BWP-Id) given in the associated CSI-ResourceConfig for channel measurements, and includes (e.g., a) parameters for the CSI reporting band: codebook configuration (e.g., including codebook subset restrictions), time-domain behavior, frequency granularity of CQI and PMI, measurement restriction configuration, and / or CSI-related quantities to be reported by the WTRU, such as, for example, layer indicator (LI), L1-RSRP, L1-SINR, CRI and SSB resource indicator (SSBRI) and capability [set] index.

[0066] The time-domain behavior of CSI-ReportConfig can be indicated by the higher-level parameter reportConfigType and can be set to aperiodic, semiPersistentOnPUCCH, semiPersistentOnPUSCH, or periodic. For periodic and semiPersistentOnPUCCH / semiPersistentOnPUSCH CSI reports, the configured periodicity and slot offset can be applied to the UL BWP digitizer, on which the CSI report is configured to be transmitted. The parameter (e.g., the higher-level parameter reportQuantity) can indicate the CSI-related, L1-RSRP-related, L1-SINR-related, or capability [set] index-related quantity to be reported. reportFreqConfiguration can indicate the reporting granularity in the frequency domain, including the CSI reporting band and whether the PMI / CQI report is wideband or subband. The timeRestrictionForChannelMeasurements parameter in CSI-ReportConfig can be configured to enable time-domain parameters (e.g., restriction) for channel measurements, while timeRestrictionForInterferenceMeasurements can be configured to enable time-domain restriction for interference measurements. CSI-ReportConfig may include CodebookConfig, which may include configuration parameters for selecting Type I, Type II, Enhanced Type II CSI, or Further Enhanced Type II ports (e.g., including codebook subset restrictions and group-based reporting configurations where applicable).

[0067] The CSI resource settings, CSI-ResourceConfig, can include a configuration of a list of S ≥ 1 CSI resource sets (e.g., given by the (e.g., higher) level parameter csi-RS-ResourceSetList), and this list can include references to NZP CSI-RS resource sets and SS / PBCH block sets. This list can also include references to CSI-IM resource sets. CSI resource settings can reside in a DL BWP identified by the higher-level parameter BWP-id, and CSI resource settings linked to CSI reporting settings can have the same DL BWP.

[0068] The temporal behavior of CSI-RS resources within a CSI resource configuration can be indicated by the higher-level parameter `resourceType`, and can be set to aperiodic, periodic, or semi-persistent. For periodic and semi-persistent CSI resource sets, when configuring a WTRU with `groupBasedBeamReporting-r17`, the number of configured CSI resource sets can be S=2, and the number of configured CSI-RS resource sets can be limited to S=1. For periodic and semi-persistent CSI resource configurations, the configured periodicity and slot offset can be given in the numeric representation of its associated DL BWP, as given by `BWP-id`. When a WTRU is configured with multiple CSI-ResourceConfigs including the same NZP CSI-RS resource ID, it can be... CSI- ResourceConfig Configure the same time-domain behavior. This applies when WTRU is configured with multiple resources containing the same CSI-IM resource ID. CSI- ResourceConfig At that time, it can be used as CSI-ResourceConfig Configure the same time-domain behavior. CSI resource settings linked to CSI reporting settings can have the same time-domain behavior.

[0069] The following can be configured for one or more CSI resources for channel and interference measurements via higher-level signaling: CSI-IM resources for interference measurements; NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurements; and / or NZPCSI-RS resources for channel measurements.

[0070] The WTRU can be configured with a TCI state configuration list. TCI states can be used to define beamforming. A TCI state can provide a reference to one or more reference signals. The WTRU can determine the beamforming by measuring the reference signals. TCI states can include parameters for configuring a quasi-co-location (QCL) relationship between one or two downlink reference signals and the DM-RS port of the PDSCH, the DM-RS port of the PDCCH, or the CSI-RS port of the CSI-RS resource. The quasi-co-location relationship can be configured (e.g., if configured) by a (higher) layer parameter qcl-Type1 for the first DL RS and a qcl-Type2 for the second DL RS. The quasi-co-location type corresponding to the DL RS can be given by a higher-layer parameter qcl-Type in the QCL information and can take one of the following values: 'typeA:{Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread}; 'typeB:{Doppler shift, Doppler spread}; 'typeC:{Doppler shift, average delay}; and / or 'typeD:{spatial Rx parameter}.

[0071] In hybrid beamforming, MIMO processing can consist of analog and digital domains. The analog domain can be referred to as TXRU virtualization, while the digital domain can be referred to as port virtualization. Port virtualization defines the connections between logical ports and TXRUs. In the example, ports can be mapped to a subset of TxRUs, and ports can be mapped to (e.g., all) TXRUs. TXRU virtualization defines the connections between TXRUs and antenna elements.

[0072] Spatial adaptation can be used to save energy in the network and / or WTRUs. Several (e.g., two) types of adaptation techniques can be considered. In Type 1, a subset of antenna ports can be turned off. In Type 2, while the number of antenna ports can remain the same, certain antenna components (e.g., TXRUs, antenna elements) can be turned off. For example, if antenna ports are mapped to multiple TXRUs, one or more TXRUs can be turned off and then on again. When performing Type 2 adaptation, RF characteristics and composite channels (e.g., channels including the effects of antenna components) may change. For example, beamform, delay, Doppler spread, etc., may change.

[0073] Availability (e.g., network availability) states can correspond to network power saving (NES) states, cell DTX modes, cell DRX modes, spatial domain configurations, and / or gNB activity levels. Availability states can be uplink or downlink specific and can vary from symbol to symbol, from time slot to time slot, from frame to frame, or at longer duration granularities. Availability states can be determined by the WTRU or indicated by the network. For example, availability states can be on, DL and UL active, UL active only, off, reduced Tx power, hibernation, micro-sleep, light sleep, or deep sleep. These states can be abstracted by NW configuration parameters and / or values, and dynamic indications can point to active availability states (e.g., via DCI or MAC CE signaling). A shutdown availability state can imply that the gNB's baseband hardware is (e.g., completely) off. A sleep availability state can imply that the gNB wakes up (e.g., periodically) to transmit signals (e.g., presence signals, synchronization, or reference signals) or receive UL signals. In availability states, DL or UL resources may be unavailable for a period of time, and availability states allow the network to shut down baseband processing and (e.g., other) activities. Measurement resources (e.g., SSB or CSI-RS) may be available in availability states, including: RLM, BFD, RRM measurements, CSI-RS feedback configuration, and / or different power offsets for CSI feedback.

[0074] The WTRU can determine the availability status based on the reception of availability status indications from, for example, L1 / L2 signaling (e.g., group common DCI or indications), or implicitly based on the reception of periodic DL signaling or its absence.

[0075] If resources are applicable to an active availability state, the WTRU can determine whether the resources are available for transmission / reception and / or measurement in the determined network availability state. Furthermore, the WTRU can adapt its active C-DRX cycle, active spatial elements (e.g., antennas or logical ports), active TRPs, and paging timing based on the signaled or determined availability state. For example, the WTRU can be configured with one or more sets of NES transmission and / or reception parameters for each availability state via broadcast or dedicated configuration signaling. The WTRU can apply a set of NES parameters based on the determined or signaled availability state. Depending on the determined NES state, the WTRU can apply one or more applicable configurations. The NES parameter set may include: number of antenna ports, C-DRX configuration, measurement configuration (e.g., for RRM, RLM, and / or BFD), CSI feedback, CSI-RS configuration, SSB configuration, CHO or mobility candidate and / or active TRP set.

[0076] Availability status can apply to transmission, reception, or measurement resources. Availability status can apply to time periods, such as time slots or time symbols. Availability status can apply to a serving cell, cell group, frequency band, bandwidth portion, TRP, set of spatial elements, and / or frequency range within a bandwidth portion. For example, when the NES status in a cell changes, the WTRU can receive an availability status change indication indicating that the change is for that cell, or for cells using the same frequency and / or the same Radio Access Technology (RAT) (e.g., all cells).

[0077] Upon receiving DL signaling that changes the availability state of a cell or TRP, the WTRU can treat the active availability state associated with the cell, carrier, TRP, or frequency band as off, deep sleep, or micro-sleep. The WTRU can receive shutdown commands on broadcast signaling, RRC signaling, DCI (e.g., group common DCI), and / or DL ​​MAC CE (e.g., the indication portion of PDSCH). The WTRU can determine the availability state from the reception of an availability state indication (e.g., from L1 / L2 signaling (e.g., group common DCI or indication) or broadcast signaling associated with the availability state). In the example, the availability state change indication could be part of an SI update or SIB signaling (e.g., in a separate SIB not read by a conventional WTRU). All WTRUs in the cell can determine the availability state at one (e.g., common) time.

[0078] The WTRU may implicitly assume the availability status (e.g., off, deep sleep, micro sleep, or hibernation) associated with a cell, carrier, TRP, or frequency band based on the following: receipt of a paging message (e.g., paging DCI, paging PDSCH, or paging-related signal, such as PEI), gNB DTX status (e.g., whether the gNB is active or whether the associated activity timer is running), no presence indication detected, the availability status of the associated cell, and / or measured channel conditions below or above a threshold.

[0079] A WTRU can be configured to monitor indicators that characterize the level of network activity (e.g., availability status). Network activity can be associated with a gNB and / or a cell. For all cell portions of the same gNB, such as cells of the same MAC entity, the WTRU can assume the same availability status. Network activity indicators (e.g., presence indicators) can include channels (e.g., PDCCH) and / or signals (e.g., sequences). Activity indicators or NES state change indicators / commands can indicate the level of activity that the WTRU can anticipate from the associated gNB and / or cell, such as reduced activity. Activity indicators can include (e.g., other) activity information from the gNB / cell. Activity indicators can be PDCCHs that include group common signaling. For example, an NW can transmit a group common DCI indicating changes in the activity status or activity level in the UL and / or DL ​​to a group of WTRUs (e.g., WTRUs in the serving cell).

[0080] The CRC of the PDCCH can be scrambled using a dedicated activity indicator RNTI or NES-RNTI. The WTRU can be configured with at least one search space associated with the monitoring timing of the activity indicator PDCCH. This indicator can include a sleep entry signal, such as a predefined sequence. When the WTRU detects this sequence, it can anticipate a decrease in activity level over a specific duration. The WTRU can activate C-DRX during the indicated time period. Multiple (e.g., two) sequences can be used to indicate (e.g., regular) activity and decreased activity.

[0081] Signalling within the PDCCH or activity indicator may include one or more of the following: The signaling within the PDCCH or activity indicator may include the expected activity level (e.g., availability status) of the associated gNB / cell within a specific time interval. The activity level may be predetermined and / or configured, and may include, for example, regular and reduced activity. The signaling may indicate the activity level. For example, a bit "1" may indicate (e.g., regular) activity, while a bit "0" may indicate reduced activity.

[0082] For activity levels (e.g., availability status), transmit and receive attributes can be defined. For example, during periods of reduced activity, the WTRU can be expected not to perform the following operations: monitor certain PDCCH search spaces (e.g., including all SS), receive a certain type of PDSCH (including all PDSCH), transmit PUCCH / PUSCH, and / or perform certain measurements. The WTRU can start or stop monitoring PDCCH and / or TCI states associated with defined NES states, including PDCCH resources or TCI states associated with active (and / or deactivated) TRPs or space elements.

[0083] Configuration sets can be associated with activity levels and can be used / applied when indicating activity levels (e.g., NES parameter sets), such as SS configuration, CSI report configuration, index of transported SSBs, etc. Configuration sets can have attributes associated with activity levels, such as a label that can be set to "Decreased Activity".

[0084] The time interval for a presumed activity level can be signaled in the PDCCH or a portion of the activity indication. A bitmap can be used to indicate the time interval, where each bit in the bitmap can be associated with a specific duration (e.g., a time slot or frame). For example, a bit "1" can indicate (e.g., regular) activity, while a bit "0" can indicate reduced activity on the relevant frame. The time interval can be indicated by a start time and an interval length. The start time can be defined; for example, it can be determined by adding a fixed offset to the time the indication is received. The length of the interval can be configured in the indication PDCCH or signaled.

[0085] The time interval for the activity level is assumed to be predetermined. After receiving an NES state change command (e.g., after the last symbol or time slot of the command received), the WTRU may assume an interruption delay (e.g., the time until the NES state change). The interruption time can be absolute time, multiple symbols, and / or multiple time slots.

[0086] For a determined network availability state, if uplink or downlink resources or signals are applicable to the active availability state, the WTRU can determine that they are available for transmission / reception and / or measurement. The WTRU can determine that a subset of measurement resources and / or signals (e.g., SSB, CSI-RS, TRS, PRS) are not applicable in the availability state. The WTRU can determine that a subset of uplink or downlink resources (e.g., PRACH, PUSCH, PUCCH) are not applicable in the availability state. The WTRU may transmit some uplink signals in a subset of the NW availability state (e.g., SRS, pSRS, PRACH, UCI).

[0087] Spatial adaptation in the NES can be supported for Type 1 (e.g., disabling / enabling antenna elements associated with a logical antenna port (e.g., all antenna elements)) or Type 2 (e.g., disabling / enabling a portion / subset of antenna elements associated with a logical antenna port). Since the CSI-RS ports can remain identical for Type 2 spatial adaptation, ambiguity may exist at the WTRU regarding whether / which measurements and reports will be performed on the configured CSI-RS resources or resource sets. New associations may arise between different CSI-RS assumptions and QCL sources corresponding to Type 2 spatial adaptation. It can be expected that the WTRU will determine the correct QCL source associated with the network-selected CSI-RS assumptions for subsequent decoding of the PDCCH and / or PDSCH. The following questions can be addressed: how to configure and / or signal to the WTRU the different CSI-RS assumptions associated with Type 2 spatial adaptation; how to report measurements associated with different CSI-RS assumptions; and / or how to determine the QCL source associated with the network-selected CSI-RS assumptions.

[0088] The WTRU can be configured with multiple (e.g., N) CSI-RS hypotheses. The WTRU can be configured with at least one CSI-RS resource and / or at least one set of CSI-RS resources. For each CSI hypothesis (e.g., each CSI hypothesis), the WTRU can be configured with a sequence of CSI-RS (e.g., a corresponding CSI-RS sequence). The CSI-RS sequences can be distinguished by initialization, cyclic shifting, scrambling, etc. (e.g., each CSI-RS sequence can have corresponding initialization, cyclic shifting, scrambling, etc.). The WTRU can be configured with a spatially adapted training duration. The training duration can be periodic or non-periodic.

[0089] For example, during training, one or more of the following operations can be performed. The WTRU can receive CSI-RS (e.g., first CSI-RS and second CSI-RS) on a configured CSI-RS resource (e.g., a correspondingly configured CSI-RS resource). The WTRU can determine CSI-RS hypotheses based on the received CSI-RS sequence (e.g., initial or updated CSI-RS hypotheses based on its transmitted CSI-RS, for example, the CSI-RS hypothesis can be determined as a first CSI-RS hypothesis associated with the first CSI-RS or a second CSI-RS hypothesis associated with the second CSI-RS) (e.g., the determination of the CSI-RS hypothesis can be based on the sequence associated with the received CSI-RS, for example, the sequence associated with the first CSI-RS or the sequence associated with the second CSI-RS). The WTRU may maintain and / or update the QCL state (e.g., QCL state) based, for example, on CSI-RS resources (e.g., based on received CSI-RS), ports (e.g., ports associated with CSI-RS), and determined CSI-RS assumptions (e.g., initial CSI-RS assumptions, updated CSI-RS assumptions, network-indicated CSI-RS assumptions, etc.). The WTRU may update the maintained QCL state based on a third received CSI-RS. The WTRU may report (e.g., send an indication in one or more reports to network nodes) an assumption index (e.g., an assumption index associated with determined CSI assumptions) and / or measurements associated with the assumption index (e.g., the WTRU may determine measurements associated with the assumption index, such as CRI, RSRP, etc.).

[0090] The WTRU can maintain and / or update QCL sources. The WTRU can maintain QCL sources for CSI-RS resources enhanced by the CSI-RS assumptions used (e.g., corresponding QCL sources for corresponding CSI-RS resources), where the corresponding QCL sources can be indicated by the network (e.g., explicitly) or determined locally by the WTRU through assumption testing. The WTRU can determine the assumptions (e.g., selected assumptions) based on received / determined CSI-RS sequences. The WTRU can be indicated, for example, in downlink transmissions (e.g., PDCCH or MAC CE) using explicit signaling (e.g., network signaling) (e.g., the WTRU can receive, for example, an indication of CSI-RS assumptions from a network node). The WTRU can determine (e.g., one) a QCL source from N QCL sources, where the determined QCL source is determined based on one or more of the following: the determined or indicated CSI-RS assumption, the CSI-RS resource, and / or the port number. WTRU can clear previous estimates that are incompatible with updated QCL sources. For example, WTRU can clear previous estimates that are incompatible with updated QCL sources based on the detection of QCL sources and, if configured by the network.

[0091] Decoding of downlink physical channel transmissions can be performed, and UL channels can be included in the transmission. To decode DL channel transmissions or transmissions via UL channels, the WTRU can use a QCL source (e.g., the DL channel can be decoded based on a QCL source) according to the QCL source and CSI-RS assumptions associated with the channel. CSI-RS assumptions (e.g., indicated CSI-RS assumptions) can be indicated as part of a Transport Configuration Indicator (TCI) (e.g., indicated by it). The WTRU can use the determined QCL source for PDCCH and / or PDSCH decoding or for UL channel transmissions.

[0092] This document can describe multiple CSI-RS hypotheses. A CSI-RS can be associated with multiple (e.g., N) CSI-RS hypotheses. Hypotheses can be associated with one or more configuration parameters. For example, in one hypothesis, a (e.g., one) port of a CSI-RS (e.g., a logical antenna port or a CSI-RS port) can be associated with and / or connected to a first number of TXRUs or a first subset of active TXRUs. In another hypothesis, a (e.g., one) port of a CSI-RS can be associated with and / or connected to a second number of TXRUs and / or a second subset of active TXRUs. For each hypothesis, a virtualization scheme can be defined that determines the modes of TXRUs and antenna elements that can be activated and / or used to virtualize the CSI-RS port.

[0093] In the example, WTRU can be configured with multiple CSI-RS hypothesis indexes, such as hypothesis 0, 1, and 2. Hypothesis indexes can be referred to as indexes, group indexes, TCI group indexes, or group IDs, etc., and the methods described herein may be applicable.

[0094] CSI-RS resources can be associated with hypothetical indexes. For example, CSI-RS #0:7 can be associated with index 0, CSI-RS #8:15 can be associated with index 1, and so on. CSI-RS resources can be associated with hypothetical index sets and / or group indexes. Mapping can be configured via RRC signaling (e.g., WTRU-specific configuration) or via broadcast signaling. In the example here, "#" can be used to represent the term "number".

[0095] A CSI-RS resource set can be associated with a hypothetical index. A CSI-RS resource set can be associated with a hypothetical index set and / or a group index. A hypothetical index can be determined by a resource set ID (e.g., it can be equal to the resource set ID).

[0096] CSI-RS sequences can be associated with hypothesis indices. A first CSI-RS sequence can be associated with a first hypothesis index, and a second CSI-RS sequence can be associated with a second hypothesis index.

[0097] In the example, the scrambling ID used for CSI-RS generation can be determined by the hypothesis index (e.g., similarly, the hypothesis index can be determined by the scrambling ID). For hypothesis index 0, the scrambling ID can take a first value; for hypothesis index 1, the scrambling ID can take a second value, and so on. The WTRU can determine the hypothesis index by blindly detecting the CSI-RS sequence (e.g., by detecting the scrambling ID).

[0098] The WTRU can be configured with a spatial domain training phase. The WTRU can be configured with a spatial domain-adapted training phase or mode. For example, for different spatial hypotheses, the training phase / mode configuration may include one or more applicable CSI reporting configurations and CSI-RS resource configurations. The WTRU can be configured with a hypothesis index list for hypothesizing and measuring during training activities. During the training phase, the WTRU can perform measurements on CSI-RS associated with multiple hypotheses. The WTRU can report the determined CSIs to the gNB. A subset of applicable hypothesis indices can be used to instruct the WTRU to perform hypotheses and measurements during training activities, and this instruction can be made by the DCI or MAC CE and can supplement the hypothesis list configured in the RRC. The RRC can configure the WTRU with y hypotheses to be adopted during training periods, and L1 / L2 signaling can introduce x hypotheses for measurement during training periods, where x > y.

[0099] The training period allows the WTRU to know which / which hypotheses the NW is transmitting, and this can be useful when reporting multiple CSIs. The WTRU can report multiple CSIs only during the training period, and the WTRU can report CSIs for each applicable hypothesis during the training period.

[0100] Spatial domain adaptation training phases can be configured with duration, start time, periodicity, and / or extended duration. Training periods can be periodic or non-periodic. In the example, WTRU can be configured with N training phases comprising durations or time-constrained intervals (e.g., in ms, symbols, time slots, or time periods, with predefined start offsets and durations), where each interval can be associated with a CSI-RS hypothesis.

[0101] For periodic training, the WTRU can assume a subset of spatial hypotheses during the active training period and another hypothesis during the inactive training period. If the network signals (e.g., a single hypothesis) before the end of the training period, the WTRU can assume the training period ends early. If no hypothesis is indicated at the end of the training period, or if the network indicates (e.g., via L1 / L2 signaling) an extension of the training phase, the WTRU can extend the training period for longer duration. The WTRU can determine the start of a training period based on the configured CSI-RS timings (e.g., per CSI-RS configuration). The WTRU can be configured with training periods within a subset of CSI-RS timings.

[0102] WTRU can implicitly determine the training period itself (e.g., without explicit configuration), and WTRU can determine when a training phase occurs when multiple (e.g., at least two) CSI-RS resources overlap in the time domain.

[0103] For aperiodic training, the serving cell can indicate the start of a training activity period (e.g., via L1 or L2 signaling). This indication can include a subset of spatial hypotheses to be assumed and measured during the spatial training phase. For example, DCI or MACCE can include a list of hypothesis indices to be measured and assumed to be transmitted by the network during the training phase. The WTRU can use a pre-configured training duration, or it can dynamically signal that duration. The network can indicate the end of the training period.

[0104] The WTRU can be configured to assume a link between the configured cell DTX and / or cell DRX configurations and spatial domain training periods. For a given cell DTX configuration, the WTRU can be configured with a list of hypotheses to make assumptions and measurements during the active periods of the cell DTX mode. The WTRU can be configured to have training phases only on a subset of cell DTX active periods. The WTRU can be configured and predefined to determine that a training phase occurs once every N cell DTX active periods. Upon receiving a cell DTX activation command or RRC (re)configuration signaling, the WTRU can determine to enter the spatial domain training phase.

[0105] During training periods, the network may transmit a limited set of CSI-RS hypotheses without prior instruction. The WTRU may perform CSI-RS measurements (e.g., as described herein) and reporting processes without explicitly knowing the start and end of the training period.

[0106] The features described herein can be associated with CSI reports for multiple hypotheses. In the example, the WTRU can report (e.g., at least one) CSI quantity for a identified hypothesis index. The WTRU can be configured with periodic CSI-RS. CSI-RS resources can be associated with hypothesis indices. For example, CSI-RS #0:7 can be associated with index 0, and CSI-RS #8:15 can be associated with index 1, and so on. The WTRU can measure the CSI-RS associated with hypothesis index 0 and derive a first CSI. The WTRU can measure the CSI-RS associated with hypothesis index 1 and derive a second CSI, and so on. The WTRU can report the first, second, etc., in (e.g., a single) CSI report or separate reports. CSIs can include RSRP, PMI, LI, RI and CRI, rank, rank and SINR, etc. The above methods can be (e.g., similarly) applied to situations where a set of CSI-RS resources is associated with a hypothesis index. The CSI of the resource set can be reported in the same report. The WTRU can determine the hypothesis index based on the CSI-RS sequence or the physical properties of the CSI-RS. WTRU can determine that CSI-RS resources in a first resource set are associated with a first hypothesis index, and that CSI-RS resources in a second resource set are associated with a second hypothesis index. WTRU can derive the CSI of the CSI-RS and report it to gNB.

[0107] In the example, the WTRU can report the CSI quantity of a hypothesis along with the hypothesis index. The WTRU can report the highest RSRP, CRI, and the hypothesis index associated with the reported CRI (e.g., the best CSI-RS hypothesis) among all measured CSI-RS. The WTRU can be configured to report measurements (e.g., RSRP, PMI, RI) performed on CSI-RS resources or resource sets (e.g., all) or subsets associated with (e.g., different) CSI-RS hypotheses in a single report. A single report can be transmitted over k time units (e.g., symbols, time slots) after performing the last measurement corresponding to the last CSI-RS hypothesis in the training period. The WTRU can be configured to report measurements performed on CSI-RS resources or resource sets associated with different CSI-RS hypotheses separately. Multiple reports can be transmitted periodically or after performing measurements associated with each CSI-RS hypothesis.

[0108] After the training phase is complete, the WTRU can be informed of assumptions that the gNB may use for subsequent transmissions (e.g., port virtualization configurations to be used at the gNB transport). The indication of the assumptions to be assumed (e.g., after the training phase) can be carried in explicit L1 signaling (e.g., in a group common PDCCH) or L2 signaling (e.g., in a MAC CE or RRC message). This indication can be implicit, allowing the WTRU to determine the assumptions based on a sequence (e.g., a CSI-RS sequence) or the physical properties of the CSI-RS.

[0109] WTRU can determine the hypotheses to be assumed after the training phase based on the active NES state. For example, in a given NES state (e.g., cell DTX configuration 1 is activated), WTRU can assume one or more spatial hypothesis indices, while in another NES state, WTRU can assume (e.g., a different) set of spatial hypotheses.

[0110] In the example, the network may not provide indications about the CSI-RS hypotheses used during the training phase. As part of the CSI report, the WTRU can report a configurable number of optimal CSI-RS (e.g., including hypothesis granularity). The CSI report can be configured by the network to provide indications of which CSI-RS hypotheses were detected during the training phase. The training phase can be specified within a time frame prior to the report and / or within a time frame prior to the last CSI-RS timing. The WTRU can be configured to provide indications to the CSI report of CSI-RS hypotheses it did not detect during the training phase.

[0111] The QCL source can be determined. In the example, the QCL source of the TCI state can be determined by the hypothesis index associated with the CSI-RS configured as a QCL source. For a configured CSI-RS resource or resource set, the WTRU can determine that there are N QCL sources, where N is the number of hypotheses. For example, the QCL source of CSI-RS resource ID #k may be different when the first port virtualization is implemented on the gNB side and when the second port virtualization is implemented. The CSI-RS resource ID can be extended to a pair of IDs, such as (#k, hypothesis index), where #k is a traditional ID (e.g., NZP CSI-RS resource ID). The QCL source of the CSI-RS resource (e.g., #k, hypothesis index m) can be different from the QCL source (e.g., #k, hypothesis index n). In the example, a maximum number of hypotheses can be configured. The WTRU can determine the hypothesis index based on the received CSI-RS sequence.

[0112] The WTRU can determine the QCL characteristics of CSI-RS based on the assumptions associated with CSI-RS. According to NZP-CSI-RS-Resource #K, when NZP-CSI-RS-Resource #K is associated with a first assumption index, the WTRU can estimate the first Doppler spread value. When NZP-CSI-RS-Resource #K is associated with a second assumption index, the WTRU can estimate the second Doppler spread value. According to NZP-CSI-RS-Resource #K, when NZP-CSI-RS-Resource #K is associated with a first assumption index, the WTRU can estimate the first average delay value. When NZP-CSI-RS-Resource #K is associated with a second assumption index, the WTRU can estimate the second average delay value. The QCL sources can be identified as (#K, index 1) and (#K, index 2).

[0113] In the example, the QCL source can be indicated to the WTRU using the TCI status number and the hypothetical index (e.g., the WTRU can determine the QCL source based on / using the TCI status number and the hypothetical index). When receiving PUCCH and / or PDSCH, the WTRU can be instructed to apply the TCI status. When configured, the TCI status indicated for downlink transmissions (e.g., the same TCI status) can be applied to uplink transmissions (e.g., PUSCH and / or PUCCH). The WTRU can determine the QCL source in one of the following ways.

[0114] The TCI state can be indicated in the PDCCH and / or MAC CE (e.g., as in a legacy system), and the hypothesis index can be indicated in the group common PDCCH. The WTRU can (e.g., based on these indications) determine the TCI state and / or hypothesis index, which can be used to determine the QCL source. The hypothesis index can be indicated in the scheduling DCI (e.g., along with the TCI state). In the example, an additional bit field can be used for index indication. In the example, a code point (e.g., a single code point) can jointly indicate the TCI state and the hypothesis index. The hypothesis index can be indicated in the MAC CE. The hypothesis index can be determined by the WTRU from the CSI-RS sequence (e.g., implicitly). The WTRU can determine the hypothesis index using the CSI-RS sequence transmitted after the training phase (e.g., during the data transmission phase).

[0115] The following applies: WTRU can be configured with multiple (e.g., N) CSI-RS hypotheses. WTRU can be configured with (e.g., at least one) CSI-RS resources (or a set of CSI-RS resources). For CSI hypotheses, WTRU can be configured with CSI-RS sequences. CSI-RS sequences can be distinguished by (e.g., different) initializations, cyclic shifts, scrambling, etc. WTRU can be configured with spatially adapted training duration. The training duration can be periodic or non-periodic.

[0116] In the example, during the training duration, the WTRU can receive CSI-RS on the configured CSI-RS resources. The WTRU can determine CSI-RS hypotheses (e.g., which CSI-RS to transmit) based on the received CSI-RS sequence. The WTRU can report (e.g., in one or more reports) the hypothesis index and / or the measurements associated with that index (e.g., CRI, RSRP, etc.).

[0117] In the example, for indications following the training duration, the WTRU can determine the selected hypothesis based on the received CSI-RS sequence. The WTRU can be indicated using explicit signaling, such as in MAC CE. The WTRU can determine (e.g., one) a QCL source from N QCL sources, where the determined QCL source is associated with the CSI-RS hypothesis. The WTRU can use the determined QCL source for PDCCH and / or PDSCH decoding.

[0118] In the example, a TCI state can be configured with up to N CSI-RS resources (e.g., NZP CSI-RS resources) as QCL sources. CSI-RS resources can be associated with a hypothetical index. The QCL source can be determined by the TCI state number and the QCL source number. To determine the QCL source applied to the DL and / or UL channels (e.g., when configuring a unified TCI, the same TCI state can be applied to both DL and UL), the TCI state and QCL source number can be indicated to the WTRU. One of the following conditions may apply.

[0119] The TCI status index can be indicated in the PDCCH and / or MAC CE, while the QCL source number can be indicated in the group common PDCCH. Based on these (e.g., both) indications, the WTRU can determine the TCI status number and the QCL source number, which can then be used to determine the QCL source. The QCL source number can be indicated in the scheduling DCI (e.g., along with the TCI status). Additional bit fields can be used for QCL source number indication. A code point can jointly indicate both the TCI status index and the QCL source index.

[0120] TCI status number and QCL source number pairs can be configured, and a subset of these pairs can be selected using MAC CE. DCI can point to a selected pair. The QCL source index can be indicated in MAC CE, while the TCI status index can be indicated in PDCCH and / or MAC CE. The QCL source index can be implicitly determined by the WTRU from the CSI-RS sequence. The WTRU can determine the QCL source index using the CSI-RS sequence transmitted after the training phase (e.g., during the data transmission phase).

[0121] An example flow of the event can be found in Figure 2 As shown in the diagram, the WTRU can receive NZP-CSI-RS resource group numbers 1, 2, and 3, which can be associated with hypotheses 0, 1, and 2. The WTRU can derive the CSIs of the CSI-RS groups associated with the hypothesis index. The derived CSIs associated with the hypothesis index can be reported to network nodes (e.g., gNBs).

[0122] After sending the CSI report, the WTRU can be instructed on the selected hypothesis (e.g., QCL source number). This instruction can be in the L1 signal or MAC CE as described above. For detecting the group common PDCCH, the WTRU can be configured with relevant parameters such as search space, RNTI, etc.

[0123] In the example, TCI state groups can be defined, and a TCI state group can include up to N TCI states. The WTRU can be configured with a set of TCI state groups and the TCI states within each group. The WTRU can be instructed with the TCI state group index and / or TCI state index applicable to the DL and / or UL channels. One of the following can be used.

[0124] The TCI state group index can be indicated in the PDCCH and / or MAC CE, and the TCI state within the group can be indicated in the group common PDCCH. Based on these indications, the WTRU can determine the TCI state group number and TCI state number, which can be used to determine the QCL source. The TCI state number can be indicated in the scheduling DCI (e.g., together with the TCI state group number). Bit fields (e.g., two separate bit fields) can be used to indicate the TCI state group number and TCI state number. Code points can indicate (e.g., jointly indicate) the TCI state group index and TCI state index. The TCI state group number and / or TCI state number (e.g., pairs of TCI state group number and / or TCI state number) can be configured, and a subset of these pairs can be selected using the MAC CE. The DCI can point to a selected pair. The TCI state index can be indicated in the MAC CE, while the TCI state group index can be indicated in the PDCCH and / or MAC CE. The TCI state index can be implicitly determined by the WTRU from the CSI-RS sequence. WTRU can use the CSI-RS sequence transmitted after the training phase (e.g., during the data transmission phase) to determine the TCI state index.

[0125] In the example, if the network intends to use (e.g., different) CSI-RS hypotheses on (e.g., very) slow timescales, the network can configure the WTRU with N CSI-RS hypotheses. Detection of correct hypotheses can be performed through hypothesis testing local to the WTRU, and the network can provide explicit indications of active hypotheses. The network can configure the WTRU not to maintain QCL sources for different CSI-RS hypotheses, while the WTRU can maintain QCL sources for active CSI-RS hypotheses. This can include benefits in CSI reporting, QCL source maintenance, and TCI indications for DL ​​(and / or UL) channel reception (e.g., transmission). The WTRU can be configured (e.g., pre-configured) to clear CSI-RS estimates from previous hypotheses whenever the WTRU detects a change in CSI-RS. This change can be detected locally or by decoding indications from the network.

[0126] Systems, methods, and means are provided that can relate to auxiliary spatial adaptations associated with network energy conservation. A Wireless Transmitter Receiver Unit (WTRU) can receive a first CSI-RS and a second CSI-RS. The WTRU can determine an initial CSI-RS hypothesis. The initial CSI-RS hypothesis can be a first CSI-RS hypothesis associated with the first CSI-RS or a second CSI-RS hypothesis associated with the second CSI-RS. The WTRU can send an indication of a hypothesis index associated with the initial CSI-RS hypothesis to the network node. The WTRU can receive an indication of the Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) status via downlink transmission. The WTRU can determine the QCL source based on the CSI-RS hypothesis and the indicated TCI status. The CSI-RS hypothesis can be an indicated CSI-RS hypothesis indicated by network signaling or an initial CSI-RS hypothesis. The WTRU can decode the downlink channel based on the QCL source.

[0127] The WTRU can determine measurements. Measurements can be associated with hypothesis indices. Measurements can be associated with CSI-RS resource indicators (CRI) or reference signal received power (RSRP). The WTRU can send indications of measurements to network nodes. The determination of initial CSI-RS hypotheses can be based on sequences associated with one or more of the first or second CSI-RS. QCL sources can be associated with port numbers or one or more CSI-RS resources.

[0128] The WTRU can maintain the QCL state associated with the initial CSI-RS assumption, the CSI-RS associated with the initial CSI-RS assumption, and the port associated with the CSI-RS. The WTRU can update the maintained QCL state based on the third received CSI-RS. Downlink transmissions can be Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) transmissions or Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) transmissions.

[0129] Systems, methods, and means can be used for network-efficient WTRU-assisted spatial adaptation. The WTRU can receive a Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS) sequence for Channel State Information (CSI) hypotheses. The WTRU can receive the spatial adaptation training duration, which can be periodic or aperiodic. The WTRU can determine CSI-RS hypotheses based on the received CSI-RS sequence. Based on the CSI-RS sequence, port number, and determined CSI-RS hypotheses, the WTRU can maintain Quasi-Cooperative Positioning (QCL) state. The WTRU can transmit a hypothesis index corresponding to the CSI-RS hypotheses, and the hypothesis index can include one or more measurements associated with the index.

[0130] The WTRU can further determine the CSI-RS hypothesis based on signaling, which may include the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) and / or Media Access Control Element (MAC CE). The WTRU can determine a QCL source from multiple QCL sources, and the determined QCL source can be associated with a CSI-RS hypothesis, a CSI-RS sequence, and / or a port number. The WTRU can use the QCL state to decode the downlink (DL) channel based on the QCL source and the determined CSI-RS hypothesis. The WTRU can use the QCL state to transmit the uplink (UL) channel based on the QCL source and the determined CSI-RS hypothesis. The WTRU can indicate at least the CSI-RS hypothesis in the Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) indication. The WTRU can use the determined QCL source for PDCCH and / or PDSCH decoding or transmission of the UL channel.

[0131] Although the above features and elements are described in specific combinations, each feature or element may be used alone without other features and elements of the preferred embodiment, or in various combinations with or without other features and elements.

[0132] While the implementations described herein may consider 3GPP-specific protocols, it should be understood that they are not limited to this scenario and are applicable to other wireless systems. For example, although the solutions described herein consider LTE, LTE-A, New Radio (NR), or 5G-specific protocols, it should be understood that they are not limited to this scenario and are applicable to other wireless systems. For instance, although the system has been described with reference to 3GPP, 5G, and / or NR network layers, the contemplated embodiments extend beyond implementations using specific network layer technologies. Similarly, potential implementations extend to all types of service layer architectures, systems, and embodiments. The techniques described herein can be applied independently and / or in combination with other resource configuration techniques.

[0133] The processes described herein can be implemented in computer programs, software, and / or firmware, which are incorporated in a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer and / or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include, but are not limited to, electronic signals (transmitted via wired and / or wireless connections) and / or computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), registers, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media (e.g., but not limited to internal hard disks and removable disks), magneto-optical media, and / or optical media (e.g., optical disc (CD)-ROMs and / or digital versatile discs (DVDs)). The processor associated with the software can be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver used in a WTRU, terminal, base station, RNC, and / or any host.

[0134] It should be understood that the entities performing the processes described herein can be logical entities, which can be implemented in the form of software (e.g., computer-executable instructions) stored in the memory of a mobile device, network node, or computer system and executed on the processor of the mobile device, network node, or computer system. That is, these processes can be implemented in the form of software (e.g., computer-executable instructions) stored in the memory of a mobile device and / or network node (e.g., a node or computer system), which execute the processes in question when executed by the node's processor. It should also be understood that any transmission and reception processes shown in the figures can be executed by the node's communication circuitry under the control of the node's processor and the computer-executable instructions (e.g., software) it executes.

[0135] The various techniques described herein can be implemented in combination with hardware or software, or, where appropriate, with a combination of both. Therefore, implementations and apparatuses of the subject matter described herein, or certain aspects or portions thereof, can take the form of program code (e.g., instructions) embodied in a tangible medium including any other machine-readable storage medium, wherein when the program code is loaded into and executed by a machine such as a computer, the machine becomes an apparatus for practicing the subject matter described herein. Where the program code is stored on a medium, it is possible that the program code in question is stored on one or more media that collectively perform the actions in question; that is, one or more media together comprise the code for performing the actions, but—in the case of more than one medium—it is not required that any particular portion of the code be stored on any particular medium. Where the program code is executed on a programmable device, the computing device typically includes a processor, processor-readable storage media (including volatile and non-volatile memory and / or storage elements), at least one input device, and at least one output device. One or more programs can be implemented, for example, by using APIs, reusable controls, etc., or utilize the processes described in conjunction with the subject matter described herein. Such programs are preferably implemented in a high-level procedural or object-oriented programming language to communicate with a computer system. However, if desired, the program can be implemented in assembly language or machine language. In any case, the language can be a compiled or interpreted language and is combined with a hardware implementation.

[0136] While the exemplary embodiments may relate to utilizing aspects of the subject matter described herein within the context of one or more independent computing systems, the subject matter described herein is not limited thereto, but can be implemented in any computing environment, such as a networked or distributed computing environment. Furthermore, aspects of the subject matter described herein can be implemented in or across multiple processing chips or devices, and storage can similarly be implemented across multiple devices. Such devices may include personal computers, web servers, handheld devices, supercomputers, or computers integrated into other systems such as automobiles and aircraft.

[0137] In describing preferred embodiments of the subject matter of this disclosure, as illustrated, specific terminology is used for clarity. However, the claimed subject matter is not intended to be limited to the specific terminology chosen so far, and it should be understood that each specific element includes all technical equivalents that operate in a similar manner to achieve a similar purpose.

Claims

1. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), comprising: The processor is configured as follows: Receive the first CSI-RS and the second CSI-RS; Determine the initial CSI-RS hypothesis, wherein the initial CSI-RS hypothesis is either a first CSI-RS hypothesis associated with a first CSI-RS or a second CSI-RS hypothesis associated with a second CSI-RS; Send an indication to the network node of the hypothesis index associated with the initial CSI-RS hypothesis; The Transport Configuration Indicator (TCI) status is received via downlink transmission; The QCL source is determined based on the CSI-RS assumptions and the indicated TCI state, where the CSI-RS assumptions are either the indicated CSI-RS assumptions or the initial CSI-RS assumptions as indicated by network signaling; and Downlink channel decoding based on QCL source.

2. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to: Determine the measurement, wherein the measurement is associated with a hypothesis index, and wherein the measurement is associated with a CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI) or Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP); and Send measurement instructions to network nodes.

3. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the determination of the initial CSI-RS hypothesis is based on a sequence associated with one or more of the first CSI-RS or the second CSI-RS.

4. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the QCL source is associated with one or more of a port number or a CSI-RS resource.

5. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to maintain a QCL state associated with the initial CSI-RS assumption, a CSI-RS associated with the initial CSI-RS assumption, and a port associated with the CSI-RS.

6. The WTRU of claim 5, wherein the processor is further configured to update the maintained QCL state based on a third received CSI-RS.

7. The WTRU according to claim 1, wherein the downlink transmission is a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmission or a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmission.

8. A method for a wireless transmit-receive unit (WTRU), the method comprising: Receive the first CSI-RS and the second CSI-RS; Determine the initial CSI-RS hypothesis, wherein the initial CSI-RS hypothesis is either a first CSI-RS hypothesis associated with a first CSI-RS or a second CSI-RS hypothesis associated with a second CSI-RS; Send an indication to the network node of the hypothesis index associated with the initial CSI-RS hypothesis; The Transport Configuration Indicator (TCI) status is received via downlink transmission; The QCL source is determined based on the CSI-RS assumptions and the indicated TCI state, where the CSI-RS assumptions are either the indicated CSI-RS assumptions or the initial CSI-RS assumptions as indicated by network signaling; and Downlink channel decoding based on QCL source.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the method further comprises: Determine the measurement, wherein the measurement is associated with a hypothesis index, and wherein the measurement is associated with a CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI) or Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP); and Send measurement instructions to network nodes.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the initial CSI-RS assumption is determined based on sequences associated with one or more of the first CSI-RS or the second CSI-RS.

11. The method of claim 8, wherein the QCL source is associated with one or more of a port number or a CSI-RS resource.

12. The method of claim 8, wherein the method further comprises maintaining a QCL state associated with the initial CSI-RS hypothesis, a CSI-RS associated with the initial CSI-RS hypothesis, and a port associated with the CSI-RS.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the method further comprises updating the maintained QCL state based on a third received CSI-RS.

14. The method of claim 8, wherein the downlink transmission is a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmission or a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmission.

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