Summer leaf curtain mechanical management method suitable for wine grapes in northwest soil-buried cold-proof area

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of grape cultivation, and discloses a summer leaf curtain mechanical management method suitable for wine grapes in northwest soil-buried cold-proof areas. According to the method, a standardized frame surface with a specific height and a double-steel-wire structure and a drip irrigation system are built, and grape shoots are guided and fixed between double steel wires in combination with Chinese character'chang '-shaped tree cultivation; adopting a rotary cutter cutting type trimmer to mechanically trim in stages, controlling the length of young sprouts and the thickness of leaf curtains, and matching with water, fertilizer and pest control management. The method can balance nutrition and reproductive growth of grapes, improve fruit microclimate, promote accumulation of flavor substances such as soluble solids and phenols, save manpower, reduce management cost by more than 50%, meet summer leaf curtain management requirements of wine grapes in soil-buried cold-proof areas in northwest, and assist efficient development of the wine industry.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of grape cultivation, in particular, to a method for mechanical management of leaf canopy of wine grape in summer in northwest soil-burying cold prevention region. BACKGROUND

[0002] The northwest region of China (including Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, and the northern part of Shaanxi, etc.) is one of the globally recognized high-quality wine grape production areas. The planting area of wine grape in this region accounts for nearly 50% of the total area in China, and the annual output accounts for more than 60% of the total output in China. It is the core production area of China's grape wine industry. This region has the advantages of sufficient sunlight, large diurnal temperature difference, little precipitation, and dry climate, which is conducive to the accumulation of flavor substances such as soluble solids and phenolic substances of wine grape. However, the region has prominent climate problems such as extremely low temperature in winter (the minimum can reach below -40℃), late frost in spring, and early frost in autumn. In order to ensure the safe overwintering of wine grape, soil-burying cold prevention operation needs to be carried out in winter, and the soil needs to be dug out and put on the shelf in spring. This special cultivation requirement puts strict requirements on the tree shape structure, shelf design, and field management mode of wine grape.

[0003] In the cultivation and management of wine grape, summer leaf canopy management is one of the core links to determine the quality of fruit. As the main organ of photosynthesis of grape, the thickness, uniformity of distribution, and ventilation and light transmission of leaf canopy directly affect the fruit microclimate (temperature, humidity, and light intensity), photosynthetic efficiency, and nutrient distribution balance. Traditional summer leaf canopy management mainly relies on manual pruning, removing secondary shoots, and binding vines to control leaf canopy growth, reduce nutrient consumption, and promote fruit development. However, this method has the following significant problems:

[0004] High dependence on labor and increasing cost: Summer leaf canopy pruning operation is highly seasonal (concentrated in June-August) and requires a large number of skilled labor. In recent years, the shortage of agricultural labor in China has become increasingly serious, especially in the northwest region, which has led to a steady increase in labor costs. At present, the cost of summer leaf canopy management by manual labor accounts for 35%-45% of the total cost of wine grape cultivation, which has seriously squeezed the profit space of the industry.

[0005] Low operation efficiency and unstable quality: The efficiency of manual pruning is about 0.5-2 mu per person per day, which is difficult to meet the timeliness requirements of large-scale vineyards (usually more than 1,000 mu). Moreover, the quality of pruning is greatly affected by the experience, physical strength, and responsibility of the operator, which may result in uneven leaf canopy thickness, incomplete or excessive removal of secondary shoots, and other problems, leading to low standardization of overall vineyard management and poor consistency of fruit quality.

[0006] Traditional tree shape is not suitable for mechanization: The existing wine grape in northwest buried soil cold prevention area mostly adopts "multi-main vine fan shape" or "inclined dragon trunk shape" tree shape, the structure of the shelf is complex, the branches are distributed disorderly, and a unified operation path and pruning reference cannot be provided for mechanized operation, so that the leaf curtain mechanized pruning technology is difficult to popularize and apply.

[0007] Insufficient regulation of microclimate around fruit: Artificial pruning cannot accurately control the thickness of the leaf curtain (usually fluctuating between 40-120cm), and excessive thickness can easily lead to poor ventilation and increased humidity around the fruit, increasing the risk of disease (such as gray mold and powdery mildew), and insufficient light can inhibit the synthesis of flavor substances such as anthocyanins and total phenols; and thin leaf can lead to insufficient leaf photosynthetic area and reduced nutrient accumulation, and the fruit is easy to be sunburned by strong light, affecting the quality. Therefore, we improve it and propose a summer leaf curtain mechanized management method for wine grapes in northwest buried soil cold prevention area. SUMMARY

[0008] The purpose of the present application is to provide a summer leaf curtain mechanized management method for wine grapes in northwest buried soil cold prevention area, which solves the problems of high artificial dependence, high cost, low efficiency, unstable quality and poor mechanical adaptability in the prior art.

[0009] The present application is as follows:

[0010] Build shelf and irrigation system:

[0011] Along the row direction of the vineyard, vertical columns are erected with a spacing of 6-8m; between the columns, a first steel wire containing a drip pipe is pulled at a height of 30-50cm from the ground, and a second steel wire is pulled at a height of 60-80cm from the ground; a third and a fourth steel wire are pulled at heights of 100-120cm and 150-170cm from the ground, respectively, and the third and fourth steel wires are both two independent parallel structures to ensure that the grape branches can pass through; all the steel wires are parallel to the drip pipe.

[0012] Cultivate "factory" shaped tree and plant:

[0013] Plant grape trees with a spacing of 1.0-1.5m and a row spacing of not less than 3.0m, and leave one main vine per plant; the base of the main vine is inclined by 30°-45° along the row direction, and extends horizontally to form a horizontal vine after extending to the second steel wire, and the horizontal vine is bound to the second steel wire to form a "factory" shaped tree, and a single hedge shelf is used to form a leaf curtain.

[0014] Configure the result branch group and select the new shoot:

[0015] During the new shoot growth, 1 fruiting branch group is arranged on the horizontal vine every 10 cm, and 12-15 new shoots are left on the rack surface per meter; in winter, short shoot pruning with double buds is adopted, and 1 fruiting branch is left on each fruiting branch group; after the buds germinate, 1-2 strong new shoots are left on each fruiting branch.

[0016] Fix the new shoot:

[0017] The new shoot germinated from the fruiting branch is passed through the double-steel-wire gap between the third and fourth steel wires, and then the new shoot is gathered on the third and fourth steel wires, so that the new shoot is vertically fixed on the rack surface.

[0018] Summer mechanized pruning:

[0019] During the growth season, when the new shoot is more than 20 cm above the fourth steel wire, the new shoot is cut by using a rotary knife cutting type pruning machine, and the total length of the new shoot is controlled to be 1.1-1.4 m; after fruit setting, mechanized pruning is performed once every 15-20 days, and the leaf curtain thickness is maintained to be 60-80 cm; after the fruit turns color (30 days before harvesting), old leaves within a range of 20-30 cm above the horizontal vine which affect the light are removed.

[0020] Supporting management:

[0021] Fertilization and irrigation are carried out through a dripping pipe; and disease and pest control work in the vineyard is completed by using a spraying machine.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] In the scheme of the present application:

[0024] 1. Improve the microenvironment of the fruit and improve the quality of the fruit: By means of the preset leaf curtain thickness and the mechanical pruning of the leaf curtain, the temperature and humidity around the fruit are relatively suitable, and the photosynthetically active radiation can also reach a suitable intensity. Due to various reasons, the net photosynthetic rate of the grapevine can reach a high level. The appropriate leaf curtain thickness forms a relatively closed but not completely closed space around the fruit, which can prevent the entry of hot air outside the leaf curtain to a certain extent, so as to ensure a certain light intensity and effectively reduce the temperature around the fruit. The inhibitory effect of high temperature on fruit growth and coloring is reduced, and flavor substances such as organic acids and anthocyanins can be accumulated and increased.

[0025] 2. Mechanization and improvement of work efficiency: Mechanization is the trend and direction of the development of wine grape cultivation. The present application can meet the requirements of mechanized operation in the vineyard by means of the mechanical pruning of the leaf curtain with a fixed thickness (60-80 cm), and the production efficiency of the vineyard is improved. The mechanical pruning of the leaf curtain is expected to promote the grape cultivation from experience-oriented to data-driven precision agriculture.

[0026] 3. Reduce the burden of overwintering burying work: the application sets the height of the horizontal main vine to 60-80 cm, which reduces the requirement for the length of the main vine. Under the condition of 1.0-1.5 m plant spacing, the length of the main vine is obviously shortened compared with the traditional "factory" shaped tree form horizontal leaf curtain. In the pre-overwintering unloading burying operation, by placing the main vine horizontally in the cultivation row, the superimposed height of the main vine is significantly reduced, thereby reducing the amount of soil required for burying, effectively reducing the labor intensity and labor amount.

[0027] 4. Strong adaptability and wide application: the application is designed according to the climate characteristics of the northwest burying cold prevention area, has strong adaptability, and can be widely applied to wine grape cultivation in the area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 is the cultivation schematic diagram of the application.

[0029] Figure 2 is the elevation schematic diagram of the cultivation frame of the application.

[0030] Figure 3 is the elevation structural diagram of the cultivation frame of the application.

[0031] In the figure: 1-first steel wire and drip irrigation pipe, 2-second steel wire, 3-third steel wire, 4-fourth steel wire, 5-stand column. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments.

[0033] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the application is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but only represents some embodiments of the application. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the application without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the application.

[0034] It should be noted that the embodiments in the application and the features and technical solutions in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0035] The following examples relate to the wine grape variety 'Mei Le', and the planting site is located in Urumqi City, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, the average minimum temperature in winter is-22.0℃, the extreme minimum temperature is-40.0℃, the frost-free period is 155-177 days, the early frost is in late September to mid-October, and the late frost is in late April to mid-May, which belongs to the typical continental climate of the temperate arid and semi-arid region of the northwest Gobi region. The following examples and comparative examples were carried out in 2024.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] The wine grape summer leaf curtain mechanized management method suitable for the northwest soil cold prevention area of the present embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0038] S1, along the vineyard row, vertical column, column spacing 6m; between the columns, 50cm from the ground, the first steel wire containing the water dripping pipe is pulled, 80cm from the ground, the second steel wire is pulled, 120cm and 170cm from the ground, respectively, the third and fourth steel wires are pulled, and the third and fourth steel wires are both two independent parallel structures, ensuring that the grape branches can pass through; all the steel wires are parallel to the water dripping pipe.

[0039] S2, plant grape trees according to the plant spacing of 1.0m and the row spacing of 3.2m, leave one main tendril for each plant; the base of the main tendril is inclined by 30°-45° along the row, and is extended horizontally to form a horizontal tendril after the second steel wire, and the horizontal tendril is bound to the second steel wire to construct a 'factory' shaped tree, and a single fence frame fence shaped leaf curtain is adopted.

[0040] S3, during the growth of new shoots, 1 result branch group is arranged every 10cm on the horizontal tendril, and 12-15 new shoots are left per meter of frame surface; in winter, short shoot pruning is adopted, and 1 result mother branch is left for each result mother branch group; after germination, 1-2 healthy new shoots are left for each result mother branch when the inflorescence can be identified.

[0041] S4, the new shoots germinated from the result mother branches are respectively passed through the double steel wire gap of the third and fourth steel wires, and then the new shoots are gathered on the third and fourth steel wires, so that the new shoots are vertically fixed on the frame surface.

[0042] S5, in the growing season, when the new shoots exceed the fourth steel wire by more than 20cm, the Dongfanghong MF600 pruning machine is used for mechanized uniform pruning and pinching, the total length of the new shoots is controlled to be 1.1-1.4m; after fruit setting, the Dongfanghong MF600 pruning machine is used for mechanical pruning once every 15-20 days to maintain the leaf curtain thickness of 60cm; after the fruit turns color (30 days before harvest), the old leaves within the range of 20-30cm above the horizontal tendril which affect the light are removed.

[0043] S6, fertilization and irrigation are carried out through the water dripping pipe; the Dongfeng agricultural machinery DF600 sprayer is used to complete the disease, pest and weed control operation in the vineyard.

[0044] The above examples were implemented in 2024, and the planting site was located in the Anning Canal Farm of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Urumqi City.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] The summer leaf curtain mechanized management method suitable for the northwest buried soil cold prevention area of wine grapes in this example is basically the same as that of example 1, except that the leaf curtain thickness is set to 80 cm in step S5.

[0047] Comparative Example 1

[0048] The summer leaf curtain mechanized management method suitable for the northwest buried soil cold prevention area of wine grapes in this example is basically the same as that of example 1, except that the leaf curtain thickness is set to 40 cm in step S5.

[0049] Comparative Example 2

[0050] The summer leaf curtain mechanized management method suitable for the northwest buried soil cold prevention area of wine grapes in this example is basically the same as that of example 1, except that the leaf curtain thickness is set to 100 cm in step S5.

[0051] The management methods of examples 1 and 2 and comparative examples 1 and 2 are consistent except for the leaf curtain thickness. Samples were taken at the fruit ripening stage, and the physicochemical properties of the grapes of each example and comparative example were detected. The following table shows the numbering of each example and comparative example.

[0052] Group No. Leaf canopy pruning thickness (cm) Example 1 M60 60 Example 2 M80 80 Comparative Example 1 M40 40 Comparative Example 2 M80 100

[0053] Through detection of soluble solids, total acid, and hundred-grain weight, the following table was obtained. The following table shows the yield and quality of ‘Mel’ grapes under different cultivation methods.

[0054]

[0055] After mechanical pruning of the leaf curtain of ‘Mel’ grapes with different thicknesses, the basic indicators of fruit growth, including grape soluble solids, total acid content, and hundred-grain weight, are shown in Table 2. The hundred-grain weight of M80 and M100 treatments was significantly higher than that of M60 and M40 treatment groups, and M80 and M100 treatments performed better in increasing hundred-grain weight. Regarding soluble solids content and total acid content, the soluble solids content of M60 treatment was 26.00%, significantly higher than that of M40, M80, and M100 treatment groups, increasing by 3.71%, 1.28%, and 1.96%, respectively. In terms of total acid content, M100 was at the highest level. In summary, the soluble solids content of the fruit under M60 leaf curtain thickness treatment was relatively high, which was more conducive to the accumulation of fruit nutrients and the improvement of fruit quality.

[0056] The accumulation of secondary metabolites of 'Mei Le' grape under the influence of leaf canopy thickness is shown in Table 2. The total phenol content of the M80 treatment group was 55.56 mg / g, which was 1.30 times that of the M40 treatment group, 1.13 times that of the M60 treatment group, and 1.11 times that of the M100 treatment group, which indicated that the M80 treatment group was more advantageous for the accumulation of total phenols. Similarly, the total flavonoid content of the M80 treatment group was relatively high, which indicated that a thicker leaf canopy thickness (80 cm) promoted the accumulation of total flavonoids to a certain extent. For total flavan-3-ols, the total flavan-3-ol content of the M60 treatment group was 8.17 mg / g, which was significantly higher than that of the M40, M80 and M100 treatment groups, and the data indicated that the M60 treatment group was more advantageous for the accumulation of total flavan-3-ols. At the same time, the total anthocyanin content of the M80 treatment group was 12.45 mg / g, which was 1.41 times that of the M40 treatment group, 1.14 times that of the M60 treatment group, and 1.21 times that of the M100 treatment group, and the M80 treatment group was the most advantageous for the accumulation of total anthocyanins. For total tannins, the total tannin content of the M40 treatment group was significantly higher than that of the M60, M80 and M100 treatment groups. In summary, a thicker leaf canopy thickness (80 cm) promoted the accumulation of total phenols, total flavonoids and total anthocyanins in most cases.

[0057] In summary, the method provided by the present application can greatly reduce the cost of artificial management and promote the accumulation of anthocyanins, organic acids and other flavor substances, which is helpful for the healthy and sustainable development of the grape wine industry in the northwest region of China and improves the international market competitiveness of Chinese grape wine.

[0058] The above examples are only used to illustrate the present application and not to limit the technical solutions described in the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, the present application is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and therefore any modification or equivalent replacement of the present application; and all technical solutions and improvements without departing from the spirit and scope of the application are encompassed in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A mechanized management method for summer foliage canopy management of wine grapes in the Northwest China soil-buried frost protection zone, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Set up the trellis surface and irrigation system: Set up columns along the row direction of the vineyard, with a column spacing of 6 - 8 m; Stretch four wires at a specific height between the columns. The third and fourth wires are in a double independent parallel structure, and the first wire is equipped with a drip water pipe. All wires are parallel to the drip water pipe; S2. Cultivate the "factory" - shaped tree form and plant: Plant grapevines according to a specific plant spacing and row spacing. Each plant retains one main vine. The base of the main vine is inclined and then extends horizontally and is tied to the second wire to form the "factory" - shaped tree form; S3. Configure the fruiting branch groups and select and retain new shoots: Configure the fruiting branch groups on the horizontal vine according to the spacing, perform double - bud short - shoot pruning in winter, and select and retain strong new shoots after germination; S4. Fix the new shoots: Pass the new shoots through the double - wire gap between the third and fourth wires and gather them on the wires to vertically fix the new shoots; S5. Summer mechanized pruning: Prune the new shoots and leaf canopies with a rotary - knife cutting pruning machine in stages to control the length of the new shoots and the thickness of the leaf canopy. Remove the old leaves in a specific range after veraison; S6. Supporting management: Conduct water and fertilizer management through the drip water pipe, and control diseases, pests and weeds with a sprayer.

2. The mechanized management method for summer foliage canopy of wine grapes in the Northwest buried-for-cold-protection zone according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the first wire is 30 - 50 cm from the ground, the second wire is 60 - 80 cm from the ground, the third wire is 100 - 120 cm from the ground, and the fourth wire is 150 - 170 cm from the ground.

3. The mechanized management method for summer foliage canopy of wine grapes in the Northwest buried-for-cold-protection zone according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the plant spacing of the grapevine is 1.0 - 1.5 m, the row spacing is not less than 3.0 m, and the inclination angle of the base of the main vine along the row direction is 30° - 45°.

4. The mechanized management method for summer foliage canopy of wine grapes in the Northwest buried-for-cold-proof area according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, about 1 fruiting branch group is configured every 10 cm on the horizontal vine, 12 - 15 new shoots are retained per meter of the trellis surface, and 1 - 2 strong new shoots at the lower part are retained for each fruiting mother branch after germination.

5. The mechanized management method for summer foliage canopy of wine grapes in the Northwest buried-for-cold-proof area according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, pruning is carried out when the new shoots exceed 20 cm above the fourth wire, and the total length of the new shoots is controlled at 1.1 - 1.4 m; Pruning is carried out every 15 - 20 days after fruit set, and the thickness of the leaf canopy is controlled at 60 - 80 cm; After fruit veraison, remove the old leaves within the range of 20 - 30 cm above the horizontal vine.

6. The mechanized management method for summer foliage canopy of wine grapes in the Northwest buried-for-cold-protection zone according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, a rotary - knife cutting pruning machine is used for mechanized pruning. In step S6, a sprayer is used for the control of diseases, pests and weeds.

7. The mechanized management method for summer foliage canopy of wine grapes in the Northwest buried-for-cold-proof area according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, a single - fence trellis leaf canopy is adopted.

8. The mechanized management method for summer foliage canopy of wine grapes in the Northwest buried-for-cold-proof area according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S6, fertilization is carried out according to specific fertilizer types and dosages during the germination period, fruit - set period and veraison period.

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