Ceramic tile surface structure and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a ceramic tile surface structure and a preparation method thereof, the ceramic tile surface structure is applied to the technical field of ceramic tile processing, and the ceramic tile surface structure sequentially comprises a green body layer, a cover glaze layer, a colorful layer and a dry particle layer from bottom to top; the dry particle layer comprises particles with the particle size of 1-3mm, and the particles are selected from high-temperature frit dry particles, medium-temperature frit dry particles, ceramic particles and natural ore particles; the method further comprises the steps that particles are subjected to local treatment to form a sand blasting extinction area, and the sand blasting extinction area and the non-sand-blasting area form a light refractive index difference; by accurately controlling the local light refractive index, a unique optical effect is formed on the surface of the ceramic tile, the limitation of a traditional ceramic tile surface treatment technology in the aspect of achieving diversified visual effects is effectively solved, the problems that the specular reflectance is high, glare is prone to being generated, the visual comfort degree is low and the like are solved, and the ceramic tile surface with the comfortable diffuse reflection effect is provided.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of ceramic tile processing, in particular to a ceramic tile surface structure and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of building decoration materials, ceramic tiles are widely used due to their durability and decorative properties. Traditional ceramic tile surface treatment techniques mainly achieve basic effects such as matte and bright through glaze formula adjustment or single sandblasting process. However, existing sandblasting processes (such as CN102729153A using high-purity alumina abrasive) can only achieve uniform matte, cannot precisely control local light refractive index, and are difficult to simulate the sand feeling effect of diamond facet refraction. Traditional glazed tiles (such as CN105924134B) rely on pearl printing glaze to achieve color change, but the reflectivity is generally >20%, causing visual glare under strong light, lacking comfortable diffuse reflection. Starlight effect ceramic tiles (such as CN114276121A) produce micro-cracks by mixing matte glaze with starlight dry particles, but the particle material is single (only contains zirconium silicate and calcined kaolin), which cannot form a "diamond sharpness and jade warmth" tactile visual experience, and the traditional ceramic tile mirror reflectivity is generally as high as 20%-30%, which is easy to produce glare, has low visual comfort, poor diffuse reflection uniformity, and uneven surface gloss distribution, affecting the overall decoration effect, and is difficult to meet the demand for high-quality decorative materials in high-end residential, commercial space and other scenarios. SUMMARY

[0003] To overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies, the present application provides a ceramic tile surface structure and a preparation method thereof, aiming to solve the limitations of existing ceramic tile surface treatment techniques in achieving diversified visual effects, and the problems of high mirror reflectivity, easy to produce glare, low visual comfort, poor diffuse reflection uniformity, and uneven surface gloss distribution.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present application provides a ceramic tile surface structure, which comprises, from bottom to top, a body layer, a face glaze layer, a fantasy color layer, and a dry particle layer. The dry particle layer comprises particles with a particle size of 1-3mm, which are selected from high-temperature fused block dry particles, medium-temperature fused block dry particles, ceramic particles, and natural mineral particles. It also includes a sandblasting matt area formed by locally treating the particles, which forms a light refractive index difference with the non-sandblasted area.

[0005] By precisely controlling the local light refractive index of the particles, a unique optical effect is formed on the surface of the ceramic tile, effectively solving the limitations of traditional ceramic tile surface treatment techniques in achieving diversified visual effects, and overcoming the problems of high mirror reflectivity, easy to produce glare, low visual comfort, and the like, providing a ceramic tile surface with comfortable diffuse reflection effect.

[0006] Further, the application also proposes that the sandblasting matt area accounts for 50%-70% of the surface area of the particles, and the sandblasting matt area includes: The sandblasting is performed using diamond grits with a particle size of 50-80 μm to obtain a diamond sand feeling area with a refractive index of 1.5-1.6; Or, the sandblasting is performed using quartz sand with a particle size of 80-100 μm to obtain a warm and lustrous area with a refractive index of 1.4-1.5.

[0007] By precisely controlling the sandblasting materials and particle sizes, the visual and tactile experiences of "diamond sharpness" and "jade warmth" are realized, further enriching the surface effects of the ceramic tiles and meeting the high-end decoration requirements.

[0008] Further, the application also proposes that the high-temperature fused block dry particles have a particle size of 2-3 mm, a refractive index of 1.42-1.52, and a reflectivity of 8%-10%; The medium-temperature fused block dry particles have a particle size of 1-2 mm, a refractive index of 1.24-1.35, and a reflectivity of 9%-12.5%; The ceramic particles have a particle size of 1.5-2.5 mm, a refractive index of 1.65-1.70, and a reflectivity of 15%-18%; The natural mineral particles have a particle size of 2-3 mm, a refractive index of 1.54-1.55, and a reflectivity of 5%-7%.

[0009] By precisely selecting the particle sizes, refractive indices, and reflectivities of different types of particles, the key differences in light refraction are ensured, thereby providing a basis for realizing diversified visual effects.

[0010] Further, the application also proposes that the dry particle layer includes 20-30 wt% high-temperature fused block dry particles, 15-25 wt% medium-temperature fused block dry particles, 10-20 wt% ceramic particles, 10-20 wt% natural mineral particles, 10-15 wt% binder, 10-15 wt% methyl, and 5-10 wt% suspending agent.

[0011] By optimizing the component proportions of the dry particle layer, the uniform distribution of different particles and good bonding performance are ensured, further improving the durability of the ceramic tile surface and the stability of the visual effects.

[0012] Further, the application also proposes that the fantasy color layer contains 60-70 wt% base glaze, 5-15 wt% fantasy color pigment, 0.5-2 wt% dispersant, and 20-30 wt% water.

[0013] By precisely controlling the components of the fantasy color layer, the ceramic tile exhibits rich color changes and luster effects under different lighting conditions, enhancing the decorative and artistic properties of the ceramic tile.

[0014] Further, the application also proposes that the surface glaze layer comprises 40-50wt% potassium silicate glass, 10-20wt% zinc borate, 5-10wt% zinc oxide, 3-8wt% colorant, 0.2-0.5wt% suspending agent, and 20-30wt% water.

[0015] By optimizing the formula of the surface glaze layer, the hardness, wear resistance and chemical stability of the ceramic tile surface are improved, and a good substrate is provided for the iridescent layer, ensuring the durability of the overall visual effect.

[0016] Further, the application also proposes that the body layer comprises 30-40wt% kaolin, 20-30wt% feldspar, 15-25wt% quartz, and 5-15wt% flux.

[0017] By optimizing the components of the body layer, the strength, density and firing performance of the ceramic tile are ensured, providing a solid foundation for the upper structure, thereby ensuring the overall quality and service life of the ceramic tile.

[0018] In a second aspect, the application also discloses a preparation method of a ceramic tile surface structure, which comprises the following steps of preparing a body layer, a surface glaze layer, an iridescent layer and a dry particle layer from bottom to top. The particles with a particle size of 1-3mm are obtained by screening; The particles are subjected to local sandblasting treatment to obtain mixed dry particles; The oil and the mixed dry particles are mixed at a weight ratio of 7:3, and then coated on the iridescent layer, and dried, solidified and fired after coating.

[0019] By precisely controlling the preparation process of the dry particle layer, especially the local sandblasting treatment, the differential distribution of the light refraction index of the ceramic tile surface is realized, thereby effectively solving the problem of being unable to accurately control the local light refraction index in the prior art, and providing a ceramic tile with unique visual effects.

[0020] Further, the application also proposes that the particles are selected from high-temperature fused block dry particles with a particle size of 2-3mm, medium-temperature fused block dry particles with a particle size of 1-2mm, ceramic particles with a particle size of 1.5-2.5mm, and natural mineral particles with a particle size of 2-3mm.

[0021] By selecting particles with a specific particle size range, it is ensured that the ideal light refraction index difference can be formed after sandblasting treatment, thereby providing process guarantee for realizing diversified visual effects.

[0022] Further, the application also proposes that the local sandblasting treatment comprises: The diamond sand area is obtained by sandblasting treatment using diamond sand with a particle size of 50-80μm; Or, the warm and lustrous area is obtained by sandblasting treatment using quartz sand with a particle size of 80-100μm.

[0023] By precisely controlling the sandblasting material and particle size, the prepared ceramic tile surface can present a touch-visual effect of diamond sharpness or jade warmth, further improving the decorative nature of the ceramic tile.

[0024] Beneficial effects: The ceramic tile surface structure and preparation method provided by the present application can realize precise control of local light refractive index, thereby forming a unique optical effect on the ceramic tile surface, effectively solving the limitations of traditional ceramic tile surface treatment techniques in realizing diversified visual effects, overcoming the problems of high specular reflectivity, easy generation of glare, low visual comfort, etc. that exist in existing ceramic tiles, and providing a ceramic tile surface with comfortable diffuse reflection effect, which not only can simulate the sand-like effect of diamond facet refraction, but also can provide comfortable diffuse reflection, significantly improving the overall visual comfort and decorative effect of the ceramic tile, meeting the demand for high-quality decorative materials in high-end residential, commercial space and other scenarios. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 A layered cross-sectional view of the ceramic tile surface structure provided by the present application.

[0026] Figure 2 A flowchart of the preparation method of the ceramic tile surface structure provided by the present application.

[0027] Figure 3 A photograph of the ceramic tile prepared by the embodiment of the preparation method of the ceramic tile surface structure provided by the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and indicated in the accompanying drawings can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed present application, but only represents selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of the present application.

[0029] It should be noted that: similar reference numbers and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.

[0030] Traditional existing tile surface treatment techniques have significant limitations in achieving diversified visual effects. For example, existing sandblasting processes, such as those using high-purity aluminum oxide abrasives, can only achieve uniform matte finish and cannot precisely control local light refraction index, making it difficult to simulate the sand-like effect of diamond facet refraction. In addition, the reflectivity of traditional glazed tiles is generally high, resulting in visual glare under strong light and a lack of comfortable diffuse reflection effect. There are also starlight effect tiles, which have a single particle material and cannot form a "diamond sharpness and jade warmth" tactile-visual synergy experience. If the above problems are not solved, the existing tiles generally have high specular reflectivity, easy to produce glare, low visual comfort, poor diffuse reflection uniformity, and uneven surface gloss distribution, which will seriously affect the overallity of the decoration effect, and it is difficult to meet the demand for high-quality decorative materials in high-end residential, commercial space and other scenarios.

[0031] To this end, in a first aspect, see Figure 1 The present application proposes a tile surface structure, which includes a body layer, a face glaze layer, a fantasy color layer and a dry particle layer arranged in turn from bottom to top. The body layer, as the basic support structure of the tile, is usually sintered from ceramic material, providing the necessary strength and stability. The face glaze layer is covered on the body layer, mainly for providing the overall gloss, color and protection function of the tile, and its composition can be adjusted according to the required gloss, hardness and wear resistance. The fantasy color layer is located above the face glaze layer, which functions to give the tile unique color changes and visual depth, and can present rich color transition effects through light incidence at different angles. The dry particle layer is the key layer that provides unique tactile and light interaction characteristics.

[0032] Among them, the dry particle layer contains particles with a particle size of 1-3 mm, and the particle size range is set to 1-3 mm, aiming to ensure that the particles form a distinct three-dimensional and tactile effect on the tile surface, while avoiding difficulties in laying or poor visual effects caused by too large or too small. In practical applications, these particles can be selected according to the required optical properties, hardness, wear resistance, and cost, etc. For example, particles with high hardness and wear resistance can be selected to enhance the durability of the tile surface; or particles with specific optical properties can be selected to achieve unique light reflection and refraction effects.

[0033] Further, the particles are selected from high-temperature frit dry particles, medium-temperature frit dry particles, ceramic particles, and natural mineral particles. These different types of particles have their own unique physical and optical properties. For example, the high-temperature frit dry particles and the medium-temperature frit dry particles can be vitreous particles formed after high-temperature or medium-temperature melting, providing different transparency, glossiness, and melting properties. The ceramic particles generally have high hardness and wear resistance, and can enhance the scratch resistance of the tile surface. The natural mineral particles can bring unique natural texture and luster, increasing the decorative nature of the tile. In practical applications, one type of particle can be used alone or a plurality of particles can be mixed to achieve more rich visual and tactile effects according to design requirements.

[0034] Specifically, the high-temperature frit dry particles have a particle size of 2-3 mm, a refractive index of 1.42-1.52, and a reflectivity of 8%-10%; the medium-temperature frit dry particles have a particle size of 1-2 mm, a refractive index of 1.24-1.35, and a reflectivity of 9%-12.5%; the ceramic particles have a particle size of 1.5-2.5 mm, a refractive index of 1.65-1.70, and a reflectivity of 15%-18%; and the natural mineral particles have a particle size of 2-3 mm, a refractive index of 1.54-1.55, and a reflectivity of 5%-7%.

[0035] The particle size of the high-temperature frit dry particles is limited to 2-3 mm, the refractive index is 1.42-1.52, and the reflectivity is 8%-10%, which helps to form a region with a certain three-dimensionality and soft luster in the dry particle layer, avoiding the glare under strong light. The particle size of the medium-temperature frit dry particles is limited to 1-2 mm, the refractive index is 1.24-1.35, and the reflectivity is 9%-12.5%, which can form a more delicate and moderately glossy region in the dry particle layer, contrasting with the large particles to increase the level and richness of the surface. The ceramic particles refer to particles prepared by a ceramic process, and the particle size is limited to 1.5-2.5 mm, the refractive index is 1.65-1.70, and the reflectivity is 15%-18%. The ceramic particles have high refractive index and reflectivity, and their addition can significantly improve the brightness and gloss of the tile surface, simulating a "diamond sharpness" effect. The natural mineral particles refer to mineral particles mined from nature and processed, and the particle size is limited to 2-3 mm, the refractive index is 1.54-1.55, and the reflectivity is 5%-7%. The natural mineral particles have a large particle size, moderate refractive index, and low reflectivity, and their natural and warm properties help to form a restrained and stable luster on the tile surface.

[0036] By precisely controlling the particle size, refractive index, and reflectivity of different types of particles, the difference in light refraction on the surface of the ceramic tile can be precisely controlled, thereby presenting a variety of visual effects on the same ceramic tile surface. For example, ceramic particles with high refractive index and high reflectivity can be used to form high-gloss areas, while natural mineral particles with low refractive index and low reflectivity can be used to form warm-gloss areas.

[0037] In the prior art, ceramic tile surface treatment techniques mainly achieve basic effects such as matte and bright through glaze formula adjustment or single sandblasting process, but cannot precisely control the local light refraction, making it difficult to simulate the diamond facet refraction sand feel effect or warm-gloss area. The present application introduces particles with specific optical parameters, enabling the ceramic tile surface to form the expected visual effect. The particle size, refractive index, and reflectivity of high-temperature frit dry particles, medium-temperature frit dry particles, ceramic particles, and natural mineral particles are precisely defined, enabling these particles to work together in the dry particle layer to form areas with different optical properties. For example, high-temperature frit dry particles and natural mineral particles help to form soft or warm-gloss areas, while ceramic particles can provide high brightness and high gloss, simulating a "diamond sharpness". This precise parameter control enables precise control of the light refraction difference on the surface of the ceramic tile, thereby presenting a synergistic effect of "diamond sharpness" and "jade warmth" on the same ceramic tile surface, greatly enhancing the decorative and artistic properties of the ceramic tile.

[0038] In addition, the mixed particles are subjected to local sandblasting treatment to form a sandblasted matte area. Sandblasting is a process that changes the roughness of a material surface by high-speed spraying of abrasive materials. In the present application, sandblasting is applied to the local area of the particles rather than the entire surface, thereby forming a matte area with specific texture and gloss. The sandblasted matte area forms a light refraction difference with the non-sandblasted area, and this light refraction difference is the core of the unique visual effect achieved by the present application. Sandblasting changes the microstructure of the particle surface, causing the scattering of light in the sandblasted matte area to be different from that in the non-sandblasted area. The surface of the particles in the non-sandblasted area may be relatively smooth, with light mainly reflected in a mirror-like manner; while the surface of the sandblasted matte area becomes rough, with light mainly reflected in a diffuse manner. The difference in reflection mode between the two areas results in a visual light refraction difference, thereby forming a contrast in brightness, gloss, and texture on the surface of the ceramic tile, giving the ceramic tile a richer sense of hierarchy and artistic expression.

[0039] The application creates a unique contrast and level of visual by constructing a multi-layer structure on the surface of the ceramic tile and skillfully using local sandblasting treatment to form areas with different optical refractive indexes. Compared with the single surface treatment in the prior art, the application can achieve more precise light control and richer visual effects. For example, by sandblasting a specific area, a diamond facet-like sharp luster can be simulated, while the warm and moist texture of the non-sandblasted area is retained, thereby realizing a "diamond sharpness and jade warmth" visual and tactile experience on the same ceramic tile, significantly improving the decorative and artistic value of the ceramic tile. Through the above technical solution, the problems of high specular reflectivity, easy to produce glare, low visual comfort, poor uniformity of diffuse reflection, and uneven distribution of surface luster commonly existing in existing ceramic tiles are effectively solved, meeting the demand of high-end decorative materials for high-quality visual and tactile experience.

[0040] The application further proposes that the sandblasting matte area accounts for 50%-70% of the particle surface area, and the sandblasting matte area includes: The diamond sand area with a refractive index of 1.5-1.6 is obtained by sandblasting with diamond grits with a particle size of 50-80 μm; Or, the warm and lustrous area with a refractive index of 1.4-1.5 is obtained by sandblasting with quartz sand with a particle size of 80-100 μm.

[0041] Specifically, the proportion of the sandblasting matte area is set to 50%-70%, which introduces moderate matte effect and texture contrast while maintaining the overall luster of the ceramic tile, thereby enhancing the three-dimensionality and artistic nature of the product. If the proportion is too low, the matte effect is not obvious; if the proportion is too high, the ceramic tile surface may be too dark, losing its original luster and texture. Sandblasting treatment is performed using diamond grits with a particle size of 50-80 μm, which impacts the laid particle surface with high-hardness diamond grits to form tiny, irregular pits and protrusions, thereby changing the reflection and scattering properties of light. This treatment can give the ceramic tile surface a unique "diamond sand" feel, with a refractive index controlled between 1.5-1.6, so that light produces diffuse reflection when passing through the area, presenting a visual effect similar to a diamond-like sparkle with a matte texture. In practical applications, sandblasting treatment is performed using quartz sand with a particle size of 80-100 μm, which utilizes the relatively soft abrasive action of quartz sand to form a more delicate and uniform micro-roughness, obtaining a "warm and lustrous area" with a refractive index controlled between 1.4-1.5. Unlike the sharpness formed by diamond grits, the surface after quartz sand treatment can present a soft and restrained luster, with a smoother touch, creating a warm and comfortable visual experience.

[0042] The present application effectively solves the problem of lack of diversity in visual and tactile aspects of the surface structure of ceramic tiles in the prior art by precisely controlling the proportion of the sandblasting matte area and selecting a specific particle size and material of the sandblasting medium. Specifically, by limiting the proportion of the sandblasting matte area to the range of 50%-70%, the balance between the matte area and the non-sandblasting area is ensured, which can not only form a significant light refraction rate difference to enhance the three-dimensional effect, but also avoid the decline in aesthetic due to excessive matte. At the same time, as two kinds of sandblasting materials with different hardness and abrasive characteristics, the specific particle size of corundum (50-80 μm) and quartz sand (80-100 μm) forms different microstructures on the surface of the particle layer. The hardness and particle size of corundum enable it to depict deeper and sharper micro-texture, thereby producing a stronger light scattering effect and forming a diamond sand feel with high refraction rate; while the relative softness and particle size of quartz sand help to form a shallower and more uniform micro-roughness, resulting in a softer light scattering and obtaining a warm and lustrous area with lower refraction rate. It is precisely due to the fine control of the sandblasting process parameters that the ceramic tile surface can exhibit the expected visual effect with specific light refraction rate and unique tactile sensation.

[0043] Through the above technical solutions, the present application can provide more diverse and unique surface texture and luster effect for ceramic tile products. By precisely controlling the proportion of the sandblasting matte area, visual balance and harmony can be achieved. More importantly, by selecting a specific particle size of corundum or quartz sand for sandblasting treatment, areas with "diamond sand feel" or "warm and lustrous" can be obtained, and by precisely controlling the spraying pressure, sandblasting distance and spraying time to control the refraction rate, the artistic expression and market competitiveness of ceramic tile products are greatly improved. This fine surface treatment technology makes ceramic tiles not only have basic decorative functions, but also become an artwork with unique tactile sensation and visual aesthetics, meeting the needs of consumers for personalized and high-quality home decoration.

[0044] In some preferred embodiments, for example, when preparing a ceramic tile with diamond-like texture, 60% of the area is sandblasted with diamond grits of 70 μm in size. During the sandblasting process, the diamond grits impact the surface at high speed, forming a dense array of micro-pits and protrusions, which significantly changes the light scattering properties of the area. After treatment, the refractive index of the sandblasted matte area is 1.55, and it presents a distinct diamond-like texture in visual and tactile senses, which forms a sharp contrast with the non-sandblasted area, giving the ceramic tile surface a unique three-dimensional effect and sparkling effect. When preparing a ceramic tile with a warm and lustrous appearance, 55% of the area can be sandblasted with quartz sand of 90 μm in size. The impact of quartz sand is relatively soft, forming a more delicate and uniform micro-roughness on the surface of the particles. After treatment, the refractive index of the sandblasted matte area is 1.48, and its surface presents a soft and restrained luster, with a smooth and warm touch, providing an elegant and comfortable visual experience for the ceramic tile.

[0045] The application further proposes that the dry granular layer comprises 20-30 wt% high-temperature frit dry granules, 15-25 wt% medium-temperature frit dry granules, 10-20 wt% ceramic particles, 10-20 wt% natural mineral particles, 10-15 wt% binder, 10-15 wt% methyl, and 5-10 wt% suspending agent.

[0046] The binder can be an acrylic emulsion, which can enhance the binding force between the particles within the dry granular layer and the adhesion between the dry granular layer and the underlying iridescent layer, thereby effectively preventing particle shedding and improving the wear resistance and durability of the ceramic tile surface. Methyl, as an important additive, can be understood as helping to adjust the rheological properties of the dry granular mixture, such as improving its dispersibility or coating uniformity, ensuring that the dry granular layer can form a uniform and dense covering during application. The suspending agent is used to maintain the stable dispersion state of the dry granular particles in the mixture, preventing particle settling or agglomeration, thereby ensuring the uniformity of the final dry granular layer thickness and composition.

[0047] The present application effectively solves the problems of insufficient adhesion and poor structural stability of the dry granular layer in the prior art by accurately proportioning the contents of various types of particles, binders, methyl and suspending agents in the dry granular layer. Specifically, the combination of high-temperature frit dry granules, medium-temperature frit dry granules, ceramic particles and natural mineral particles with different particle sizes and optical properties can synergistically form surface textures with specific optical refractive index differences at a specific ratio, thereby achieving a unique aesthetic effect. The addition of the binder enables the dry granular particles to be firmly fixed on the iridescent layer and form a solid overall structure, significantly improving the mechanical strength and anti-peeling properties of the dry granular layer. The synergistic effect of methyl and suspending agents ensures the uniformity and stability of the dry granular mixture before coating, avoiding surface defects caused by uneven distribution of particles, thereby ensuring the stability and controllability of the optical refractive index difference between the sandblasted matte area and the non-sandblasted area. In addition, the accurate control of the component proportioning makes the optical properties of the dry granular layer more stable and predictable, thereby more reliably achieving the optical refractive index difference between the sandblasted matte area and the non-sandblasted area, giving the ceramic tile surface a unique and lasting visual effect and improving the durability, aesthetics and production consistency of the ceramic tile product.

[0048] Further, the iridescent layer comprises 60-70wt% base glaze, 5-15wt% iridescent pigment, 0.5-2wt% dispersant and 20-30wt% water.

[0049] The base glaze is the main matrix of the iridescent layer, such as fused quartz glass, with a content range of 60-70wt%, providing good leveling, adhesion and transparency or translucency after firing to ensure that the iridescent pigment can fully exhibit its optical effect. The base glaze can be selected from commercially available transparent or translucent ceramic glazes, which generally contain silicates, aluminum oxides, calcium oxides, etc., and are adjusted according to the required firing temperature and physical properties. The iridescent pigment is a key component that gives the iridescent layer a special optical effect, with a content range of 5-15wt%. The iridescent pigment is usually composed of a multi-layer interference film structure, which produces a visual effect of different colors with changes in viewing angle through the interference effect of light. For example, the iridescent pigment can include pearl pigments, color-changing pigments or inorganic pigments with special crystal structures, or metal oxides or nano pigments, whose particle size and morphology will affect the final iridescent effect. The content of the dispersant is 0.5-2wt%, which mainly ensures the uniform dispersion of the iridescent pigment in the base glaze and water, preventing pigment agglomeration or sedimentation, thereby ensuring the uniformity of the iridescent layer coating and the consistency of the final effect. Common dispersants can include polyacrylate, polycarboxylate or polyether compounds. Water as a solvent, with a content range of 20-30wt%, is used to adjust the viscosity and rheology of the iridescent paste, making it easy to coat and glaze.

[0050] The present application realizes the optimization of the performance of the iridescent layer by precisely controlling the proportion of the base glaze, iridescent pigment, dispersant and water in the iridescent layer. The iridescent layer proposed in the present application can realize more stable and significant iridescent effect. The precise component proportion enables the iridescent pigment to fully exert its optical properties, thereby forming rich and varied color performance with strong sense of hierarchy on the surface of the ceramic tile. In addition, the introduction of the dispersant significantly improves the stability of the iridescent paste, reduces the defect rate in the production process and ensures the consistency of product quality. The optimized content of water improves the construction performance of the paste, making the coating of the iridescent layer more uniform and efficient, thereby reducing the production cost and improving the production efficiency. Overall, the iridescent layer not only improves the artistic aesthetics and added value of the ceramic tile, but also optimizes the reliability and economy of its production process.

[0051] Further, the surface glaze layer comprises 40-50wt% potassium silicate glass, 10-20wt% zinc borate, 5-10wt% zinc oxide, 3-8wt% colorant, 0.2-0.5wt% suspending agent and 20-30wt% water.

[0052] Specifically, the potassium silicate glass is an important glass former, and its content is in the range of 40-50wt%, aiming to provide the surface glaze layer with good vitrification performance and mechanical strength, ensuring that the glaze surface is smooth and has sufficient hardness. The content of zinc borate is 10-20wt%, which reduces the melting temperature of the glaze and improves the gloss and transparency of the glaze surface, while also helping to enhance the wear resistance and chemical stability of the glaze layer. The content of zinc oxide is 5-10wt%, which acts as an opacifier and fluxing agent, can improve the whiteness and hiding power of the glaze surface, and adjust the thermal expansion coefficient of the glaze layer to reduce the risk of cracking during firing. The content of colorant is 3-8wt%, which is used to give the surface glaze layer specific color and decorative effect, and its type and amount can be selected according to the desired design style. The suspending agent can be sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, with a content of 0.2-0.5wt%, which ensures that the glaze remains uniformly dispersed during preparation and coating, preventing sedimentation and thus ensuring the consistency of the glaze layer thickness. The content of water is 20-30wt%, which acts as a solvent and dispersion medium, used to adjust the viscosity and fluidity of the glaze, enabling it to be uniformly coated on the surface of the body.

[0053] Further, the body layer comprises 30-40wt% kaolin, 20-30wt% feldspar, 15-25wt% quartz and 5-10wt% fluxing agent.

[0054] Specifically, the body layer is the basic support structure of the ceramic tile, and its composition has a decisive influence on the physical properties and firing characteristics of the ceramic tile. Among them, kaolin as the main plastic raw material, when its content is 30-40wt%, it can provide good forming performance and dry strength for the body, while ensuring the whiteness and density after firing. Feldspar as an important flux, when its content is 20-30wt%, it can reduce the firing temperature during the firing process and promote the vitrification of the body, thereby improving the mechanical strength and permeability resistance of the ceramic tile. Quartz as a skeleton material, when its content is 15-25wt%, it can effectively reduce the shrinkage of the body, improve the dimensional stability of the body, and enhance the hardness and wear resistance of the ceramic tile. In addition, the addition of 5-10wt% of flux can further optimize the firing performance of the body, ensure full sintering at a lower temperature, reduce energy consumption and improve production efficiency.

[0055] By precisely controlling the ratio of kaolin, feldspar, quartz and flux in the body layer, the comprehensive performance of the ceramic tile body can be significantly improved. Therefore, the prepared ceramic tile not only has excellent mechanical strength and dimensional stability, but also can realize lower energy consumption and higher yield during the firing process, thereby effectively improving the overall quality and market competitiveness of the ceramic tile product.

[0056] In a second aspect, referring to Figure 2 The application further provides a ceramic tile surface structure preparation method, which sequentially prepares a body layer, a surface glaze layer, a fantasy color layer and a dry particle layer from bottom to top. The preparation of the dry particle layer includes the following steps: Particles with a particle size of 1-3mm are obtained by screening; The particles are subjected to local sandblasting treatment to obtain mixed dry particles; The oil and the mixed dry particles are mixed at a weight ratio of 7:3, and then coated on the fantasy color layer. After coating, drying, curing and firing are performed.

[0057] The particle with a particle size of 1-3 mm can be obtained by using a vibrating screening device, for example, by setting the aperture of the screen and the vibration frequency, so that the particles with a particle size of 1-3 mm pass through the screen, and the particles that are too large or too small are separated. The vibration frequency of the screening device can be set to 33-40 Hz, so that the qualified rate of the particle size is more than 95%. The local sandblasting treatment refers to forming a matt effect on part of the surface of the particle by controlling the area and intensity of sandblasting, and keeping the original luster on the other area, so as to form a mixed dry particle with a light refraction rate difference. The surface of the selected particle can be treated by using a sandblasting device, placing the particle on a dynamic and static platform, adjusting the gas pressure to 0.4-0.6 MPa and the time to 1-3 min by using a multi-angle arranged spray gun. Then, in a constant temperature (25±2°C) and constant humidity (55±5% RH) environment, quartz sand or diamond sand with a particle size of 50-100 μm is selected, the spraying pressure is set to 0.5-1 MPa, the sandblasting distance is set to 80-120 mm, and the sandblasting time is adjusted according to the matt effect to meet different texture requirements. The local sandblasting treatment is the key to realize the light refraction rate difference, so that part of the surface of the particle forms a matt area, and the light refraction rate difference is formed with the area that is not sandblasted, so that a unique sand feeling effect is produced in vision. The mixed dry particle treated by the local sandblasting treatment is mixed with the oil material at a weight ratio of 7:3, and then is uniformly coated on the surface of the prepared iridescent layer. The mixing and coating can be realized by using a stirring device and a coating machine. The sandblasted material and the coating are mixed in the stirring device, the stirring speed is controlled to 50-80 r / min, the mixing time is 0.2-0.5 min, so that the mixed dry particle is uniformly dispersed, and then is uniformly coated on the iridescent layer by using the coating machine. The specific mixing ratio and coating method ensure the uniform distribution and good adhesion of the mixed dry particle on the iridescent layer. After the coating is completed, it is solidified by heating and the like, and finally is sintered at high temperature to form a dry particle layer and a lower layer structure, and to form a ceramic tile surface structure with a specific light refraction rate difference. The solidification kiln can be used to realize the solidification, drying at 100-150°C for 0.8-1.2 h, and then sintering at 1100-1300°C for 1.5-2 h. After the coating, drying, solidification and sintering, a ceramic tile surface structure with a specific light refraction rate difference is finally formed.

[0058] The application realizes accurate control of the light refraction index of the ceramic tile surface through fine processing of the dry particle layer, thereby simulating a unique touch visual effect. This layered structure provides a basis for subsequent surface effects. By screening, particles with a particle size of 1-3 mm are obtained, ensuring the uniformity of the size of the dry particles, providing a suitable substrate for subsequent local sandblasting treatment. Then, the particles are subjected to local sandblasting treatment to obtain mixed dry particles. This step is the key to realizing the light refraction index difference. By local sandblasting, part of the particle surface forms a light extinction area, forming a light refraction index difference with the unsanded area, thereby producing a unique sand feeling effect in vision. Finally, the oil and the mixed dry particles are mixed in a weight ratio of 7:3 and applied to the fantasy layer. This specific mixing ratio and application method ensures uniform distribution and good adhesion of the dry particles on the fantasy layer. After application, drying and curing and firing form a ceramic tile surface structure with a specific light refraction index difference, thereby solving the problems of traditional technology that cannot accurately control the local light refraction index, is difficult to simulate the diamond facet refraction sand feeling effect, and the single particle material of the existing starlight effect ceramic tile cannot form a "diamond sharpness and jade warmth" touch visual experience.

[0059] Through the above technical solution, the application solves the problems of traditional ceramic tile surface treatment technology that cannot accurately control the local light refraction index, is difficult to simulate the diamond facet refraction sand feeling effect, and the single particle material of the existing starlight effect ceramic tile cannot form a "diamond sharpness and jade warmth" touch visual experience. The application realizes accurate control of the light refraction index of the ceramic tile surface through fine processing of the dry particle layer, thereby simulating a unique touch visual effect. By local sandblasting, part of the particle surface forms a light extinction area, forming a light refraction index difference with the unsanded area, thereby producing a unique sand feeling effect in vision. Through the combination of various particle materials, a "diamond sharpness and jade warmth" touch visual experience is formed.

[0060] Specifically, the particles used to prepare the dry particle layer are selected from high-temperature fused block dry particles with a particle size of 2-3 mm, medium-temperature fused block dry particles with a particle size of 1-2 mm, ceramic particles with a particle size of 1.5-2.5 mm, and natural mineral particles with a particle size of 2-3 mm.

[0061] Among them, the high-temperature fused block dry particles usually have a high melting point and good wear resistance, and their particle size is limited to 2-3 mm, which helps to form a rough and three-dimensional texture on the surface of the ceramic tile. The melting point of the medium-temperature fused block dry particles is relatively low, and the particle size is 1-2 mm, which can be used to provide a more delicate and warm touch. The ceramic particles have a particle size of 1.5-2.5 mm, and due to their inherent high hardness and excellent corrosion resistance, they can significantly enhance the physical properties of the ceramic tile surface, such as scratch resistance and wear resistance. The natural mineral particles have a particle size of 2-3 mm, which can impart unique natural texture, luster effect and visual depth to the surface of the ceramic tile.

[0062] The application specifically limits the type, material and particle size range of the particles used in the dry particle layer, so that during the preparation of the ceramic tile surface structure, the appropriate raw materials can be accurately selected and proportioned according to the expected product effect and performance requirements. Different types of particles will exhibit different melting characteristics, optical refractive index and surface roughness during the firing process. By pre-setting the particle size range, the final texture, gloss, wear resistance of the dry particle layer and the refractive index difference formed with the sandblasted matte area can be more accurately controlled, thereby realizing the customization of the ceramic tile surface effect.

[0063] Further, the local sandblasting treatment includes: diamond sand feeling area is obtained by sandblasting with diamond grits having a particle size of 50-80 μm; or, a warm and lustrous area is obtained by sandblasting with quartz sand having a particle size of 80-100 μm.

[0064] Specifically, in actual production, the screened particles are laid on the green body tile, and placed in a constant temperature and humidity box for pretreatment for 10 minutes to ensure environmental stability. The sandblasting machine is turned on, and the parameters are set as follows: for the diamond sand feeling area, the spraying pressure is set to 0.5-0.6 MPa, the sandblasting distance is 80-120 mm, the spraying time is 15-20 seconds, and the reflectivity is reduced by 18%-22%; for the warm and lustrous area, the spraying pressure is set to 0.4-0.5 MPa, the sandblasting distance is 120-150 mm, the spraying time is 25-30 seconds, and a diffuse reflection effect is formed; after sandblasting, the surface roughness is detected (the surface roughness of the diamond sand feeling area is 2.5-3.8 μm, and the surface roughness of the warm and lustrous area is 1.2-1.8 μm), and the unqualified area is marked and re-sprayed.

[0065] The local sandblasting treatment aims to accurately control the type and particle size of the sandblasting medium to form areas with specific optical and tactile properties on the particle surface. Among them, sandblasting with diamond grits having a particle size of 50-80 μm can more finely and strongly etch the particle surface, thereby forming a microstructure with high gloss and roughness, thereby obtaining a diamond sand feeling area with a refractive index of 1.5-1.6. Under light irradiation, this area can produce a visual effect similar to the sparkling of diamonds, and provide a unique sandy tactile sensation. On the other hand, sandblasting with quartz sand having a particle size of 80-100 μm, since the hardness of quartz sand is relatively lower than that of diamond grits and the particle size is slightly larger, its etching effect on the particle surface is relatively mild, and a more smooth and soft diffuse reflection characteristic microstructure can be formed. Thus, a warm and lustrous area with a refractive index of 1.4-1.5 can be obtained. This area visually presents a soft and restrained luster, and the tactile sensation is more delicate and warm, which is suitable for ceramic tile products that pursue natural and comfortable sensory experience.

[0066] The application realizes accurate control of the microstructure of the particle surface by precisely limiting the type and particle size of the abrasive used for local sandblasting. Specifically, the corundum can efficiently and deeply etch the particle surface due to its high hardness and small particle size, forming a large number of small and irregular concave-convex structures. These structures will produce strong scattering and refraction when light is incident, thereby giving the surface a unique diamond-like feel and a high refractive index. On the contrary, the quartz sand has moderate hardness and a slightly larger particle size, and its sandblasting effect is more gentle, so that the particle surface forms a relatively smooth structure with a certain micro-roughness. This structure can realize uniform diffuse reflection of light, thereby presenting a warm luster and a low refractive index. It is through this fine control of sandblasting parameters that the application can flexibly create ceramic tile surfaces with different visual and tactile effects according to design requirements.

[0067] In some preferred embodiments, referring to Figure 3 , example one uses quartz sand for sandblasting, and the sandblasting air pressure is set to 0.5 MPa. After sandblasting, as shown in the upper ceramic tile in Figure 3 , the surface has a clear sand feel, and the transition between the sand feel and the luster area is natural, with a diffuse reflection uniformity of 93%; example two uses corundum for sandblasting, and the sandblasting air pressure is set to 0.6 MPa. After sandblasting, as shown in the lower ceramic tile in Figure 3 , the surface has a stronger sand feel, with a specular reflectance of 6% and a diffuse reflection uniformity of 92.5%. Compared with the traditional ceramic tile with a specular reflectance of 20-30%, the star diamond ceramic tile prepared by the application has a specular reflectance of ≤8% after multi-angle testing by a gloss meter, and a diffuse reflection uniformity of ≥92% after testing by a haze meter, with a delicate touch, a grainy but not rough sand feel, and a soft and non-stinging luster area.

[0068] The above only describes the embodiments of the application and is not used to limit the protection scope of the application. For those skilled in the art, the application can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the application shall be included in the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A ceramic tile surface structure, characterized in that, From bottom to top, it includes the body layer, the glaze layer, the iridescent layer, and the dry granule layer; The dry granule layer includes particles with a particle size of 1-3 mm, and the particles are selected from high-temperature frit dry granules, medium-temperature frit dry granules, ceramic particles and natural mineral particles. It also includes a sandblasted matte area formed by locally sandblasting the particles, and the sandblasted matte area and the unsandblasted area have a difference in optical refractive index.

2. The ceramic tile surface structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sandblasted matte finish area accounts for 50%-70% of the particle surface area, and the sandblasted matte finish area includes: Sandblasting with diamond abrasive with a particle size of 50-80μm yields a diamond-like textured area with a refractive index of 1.5-1.

6. Alternatively, blasting with quartz sand with a particle size of 80-100μm can produce a warm, lustrous region with a refractive index of 1.4-1.

5.

3. The ceramic tile surface structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The high-temperature fused solid particles have a particle size of 2-3 mm, a refractive index of 1.42-1.52, and a reflectivity of 8%-10%. The medium-temperature frit dry particles have a particle size of 1-2 mm, a refractive index of 1.24-1.35, and a reflectivity of 9%-12.5%. The ceramic particles have a particle size of 1.5-2.5 mm, a refractive index of 1.65-1.70, and a reflectivity of 15%-18%. The natural mineral particles have a particle size of 2-3 mm, a refractive index of 1.54-1.55, and a reflectivity of 5%-7%.

4. The ceramic tile surface structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The dry granule layer comprises 20-30 wt% of the high-temperature frit dry granules, 15-25 wt% of the medium-temperature frit dry granules, 10-20 wt% of the ceramic particles, 10-20 wt% of the natural mineral particles, 10-15 wt% of the binder, 10-15 wt% of methyl and 5-10 wt% of the suspending agent.

5. The ceramic tile surface structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The iridescent layer comprises 60-70wt% base glaze, 5-15wt% iridescent pigment, 0.5-2wt% dispersant and 20-30wt% water.

6. The ceramic tile surface structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface glaze layer comprises 40-50 wt% potassium silicate glass, 10-20 wt% zinc borate, 5-10 wt% zinc oxide, 3-8 wt% colorant, 0.2-0.5 wt% suspending agent, and 20-30 wt% water.

7. The ceramic tile surface structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The green body layer contains 30-40 wt% kaolin, 20-30 wt% feldspar, 15-25 wt% quartz and 5-15 wt% flux.

8. A method for preparing a ceramic tile surface structure, used to prepare the ceramic tile surface structure as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The body layer, the glaze layer, the iridescent layer, and the dry granule layer are prepared sequentially from bottom to top. The preparation of the dry granule layer includes the following steps: Particles with a diameter of 1-3 mm were obtained through screening; The particles are subjected to localized sandblasting to obtain mixed dry particles; The oil and the mixed dry granules are mixed at a weight ratio of 7:3 and then coated onto the iridescent layer. After coating, the mixture is dried, cured, and fired.

9. The method for preparing the surface structure of ceramic tiles according to claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: The particles are selected from high-temperature frit dry particles with a particle size of 2-3 mm, medium-temperature frit dry particles with a particle size of 1-2 mm, ceramic particles with a particle size of 1.5-2.5 mm, and natural mineral particles with a particle size of 2-3 mm.

10. The method for preparing the surface structure of ceramic tiles according to claim 9, characterized in that, The localized sandblasting treatment includes: A diamond-like texture area is obtained by sandblasting with diamond abrasive with a particle size of 50-80μm. Alternatively, a warm, glossy area can be obtained by sandblasting with quartz sand with a particle size of 80-100μm.

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