Super-hydrophobic ice-resistant coating applied to cable and preparation method of super-hydrophobic ice-resistant coating
By applying a superhydrophobic and anti-icing coating in a single step, the problems of adhesion, flexibility, and anti-icing of cable coatings in cold climates are solved, improving the cable's protective performance and achieving good hydrophobic and self-cleaning effects, making it suitable for mass production.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511276000.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-08
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-18
AI Technical Summary
Existing cable coatings are inadequate in terms of adhesion, flexibility, impact resistance, and anti-icing performance, and have poor protective durability. They are particularly prone to icing in cold climates, threatening power grid safety.
The superhydrophobic anti-icing coating is applied in one step using materials such as liquid epoxy resin, PDMS, modified nano silica, and micron silica. The coating is formed by air spraying, which improves adhesion and flexibility and provides good anti-icing performance.
It improves the adhesion, flexibility, and impact resistance of the cable coating, prevents ice formation, has good hydrophobic and self-cleaning properties, is suitable for mass production, and meets environmental protection requirements.
Smart Images
Figure FT_1 
Figure FT_2 
Figure FT_3
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of cable coating technology, and more particularly to a superhydrophobic anti-icing coating for cables and its preparation method. Background Art
[0002] Icing on transmission lines is a severe challenge for power systems in cold climates, especially during winter when high humidity, low temperatures, and strong winds make conductors and insulators highly susceptible to icing. Icing not only increases the mechanical load on lines but can also trigger electrical faults and even lead to serious accidents such as line breaks and tower collapses, posing a significant threat to the safe operation of the power grid and the reliability of power supply. (Invention Content)
[0003] The main objective of this invention is to provide a superhydrophobic anti-icing coating for cables and its preparation method, aiming to solve the technical problems of poor adhesion, flexibility, impact resistance, anti-icing performance, and insufficient protective durability in the prior art.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a one-step spraying superhydrophobic anti-icing coating for cables and a method for preparing the same, comprising: film-forming material, filler, solvent, plasticizer, and additives;
[0005] Preferably, the film-forming substance includes liquid epoxy resin as the main substance, PDMS as the secondary film-forming substance, and diethylenetriamine as the auxiliary film-forming substance;
[0006] Preferably, the filler includes modified nano-silica, micron-sized silica, and KH560.
[0007] Preferably, the plasticizer is one or a mixture of dibutyl phthalate and polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether.
[0008] Preferably, the additive is a modified organosilicon defoamer.
[0009] In one specific embodiment, preferably, the ratio of the film-forming substance, filler, solvent, plasticizer, and additives by weight is 28:25:200:3:1.
[0010] In one specific embodiment, preferably, the ratio of the main film-forming substance, the secondary film-forming substance, and the auxiliary film-forming substance in the film-forming material is 20:5:3 by weight.
[0011] As one specific implementation, preferably, the modified nano-silica / micron-silica ratio is 1:1 by weight.
[0012] As a specific embodiment, preferably, the ratio of ethanol, butanol and cyclohexanone is 5:3:2 by weight.
[0013] As a specific embodiment, preferably, the modified nano silica, micron silica, KH560, and defoamer are in a ratio of 1:1:0.5:0.1 by weight.
[0014] In one specific embodiment, preferably, the defoamer is a polyether-modified silicone defoamer, by weight.
[0015] As a specific embodiment, preferably, the preparation method of the present invention includes the following steps:
[0016] Step 1: Add PDMS to the solvent and mix thoroughly;
[0017] Step 2: Add liquid epoxy resin, plasticizer, and filler KH560, and mix thoroughly;
[0018] Step 3: Add auxiliary film-forming materials and mix thoroughly;
[0019] Step 4: Add modified nano-silica / micron-sized silica and fill in stages, add additives and stir at high speed until uniform;
[0020] Step 5: Spray the well-stirred mixture onto the cable surface using an air spraying device, and cure at room temperature to obtain the target coating.
[0021] Furthermore, preferably, the curing time is 24 hours.
[0022] The advantages of this invention are as follows: the one-step spraying superhydrophobic anti-icing coating for cables and its preparation method have greatly improved adhesion, flexibility, impact resistance and protective performance compared with the prior art. Moreover, the ingredients do not contain fluorine, which meets the environmental protection requirements. The preparation process is simple, the raw material cost is economical, and it is suitable for mass production and application. Attached Figure Description
[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0024] Figure 1 This diagram illustrates the freezing process of water droplets during an ice-freezing test conducted without a coating.
[0025] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating the freezing process of water droplets during the freezing test in Example 1.
[0026] Figure 3This is a diagram illustrating the freezing process of water droplets during the freezing test in Example 2.
[0027] Figure 4 The image shows the wear resistance test results of the coating sample obtained in Example 1.
[0028] Figure 5 The image shows a wear resistance test result of the coating sample obtained in Example 2. Detailed Embodiments
[0029] The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments. These embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The best implementation methods and materials described herein are for illustrative purposes only. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
[0030] In this document, the terms “comprising,” “having,” or “including” are open-ended expressions, meaning they include the contents specified in this invention but do not exclude other aspects.
[0031] The endpoints and any values of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values should be understood to include values close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values of the various ranges, the endpoint values of the various ranges and individual point values, and individual point values can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
[0032] To facilitate understanding of the invention, certain technical and scientific terms are specifically defined below. Unless otherwise expressly defined elsewhere in this document, all other technical and scientific terms used herein have the meanings commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.
[0033] For the purposes of the following detailed description, it should be understood that various alternative variations and sequences of steps may be assumed in the invention, unless otherwise expressly stated to the contrary. Furthermore, except in any operational instance or where otherwise indicated, all numerical expressions used in the specification, such as amounts of ingredients, should be understood to be modified by the term "about" in all instances. It should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, all percentages given in this specification and the appended claims refer to weight percentages in the total composition.
[0034] Therefore, before describing the invention in detail, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the specifically illustrated system or process parameters, which can of course vary. It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
[0035] As used herein, the term “contact angle” or “static contact angle” refers to the angle between a static droplet of deionized water and the flat horizontal plane on which the droplet rests. When a liquid / vapor interface encounters a solid surface, contact is typically measured using the liquid, and the wettability of the solid surface is quantified by the liquid. The higher the contact angle, the greater the hydrophobic interaction between the surface and the liquid. The sliding angle, or roll-off angle, is defined as the angle between the sample surface and the horizontal plane on which the droplet begins to slide away from the sample surface under the influence of gravity. If the liquid spreads completely across the surface and forms a thin film, the contact angle is zero degrees (0°). As the contact angle increases, the anti-wetting property increases, and when the contact angle increases to its theoretical maximum of 180°, the liquid forms a spherical droplet on the surface. The term “moisture-resistant” is used to describe a surface with high anti-wetting property to a specific reference liquid; “hydrophobic” is used to describe an anti-wetting surface where the reference liquid is water. The higher the contact angle, the greater the hydrophobic interaction between the surface and the liquid.
[0036] As used herein, the term “roll-off angle” is generally defined as the critical roll angle required for a droplet of a certain mass to begin moving on a solid surface.
[0037] As used in this article, the term "hydrophobic" is characterized by a contact angle with water greater than 90°, which means that water droplets will not wet the surface.
[0038] As used herein, the term “superhydrophobic” refers to a contact angle of 150° or greater with deionized water at room temperature, and “self-cleaning” refers to a sliding angle of less than 5°.
[0039] As used herein, the term “coating” means a deposited layer applied to a portion or all exposed surfaces of a substrate.
[0040] Where specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the examples, they shall be performed in accordance with the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or in accordance with the product instructions. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all commercially available conventional products.
[0041] Example 1, Step 1: Add PDMS to a mixed solution of ethanol, butanol, and cyclohexanone, and stir at high speed for 15 minutes to obtain a homogeneous mixture; the mixture consists of 10 parts ethanol, 6 parts butanol, 4 parts cyclohexanone, and 0.5 parts PDMS.
[0042] Step 2: Add liquid epoxy resin, dibutyl phthalate, polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, and KH560 to mixture 1, and stir at high speed for 15 minutes to obtain mixture 2. The liquid epoxy resin is 2 parts, the dibutyl phthalate is 0.1 parts, the polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether is 0.2 parts, and the KH560 is 0.5 parts.
[0043] Step 3: Add the Maclean diethylenetriamine curing agent to mixture 2, stir at high speed for 15 minutes to obtain mixture 3, wherein the diethylenetriamine is 0.3 parts; Step 4: Modify nano / micro silica;
[0044] 1. Place nano-sized SiO2 in a vacuum drying oven and dry at 80°C for 6 hours to remove physically adsorbed moisture.
[0045] 2. Prepare a solution using KH560 : water : ethanol = 1 : 1 : 20 (volume ratio). Add glacial acetic acid to adjust the pH to 4-5 (acidic conditions promote the hydrolysis of KH560). Place the hydrolysate on a magnetic stirrer and stir at room temperature for 30 minutes until the solution is clear.
[0046] 3. Slowly add the pre-dried nano-SiO2 to the hydrolysate and ultrasonically disperse for 30 minutes (power 200 W). Transfer to a 60℃ water bath and magnetically stir for 4 hours.
[0047] 4. Centrifuge the reaction solution (5000 rpm, 10 minutes) and discard the supernatant. Wash the precipitate three times with anhydrous ethanol to remove unreacted KH560 and byproducts. Place the precipitate in a vacuum drying oven and dry at 60°C for 12 hours to obtain KH560 modified nano-SiO2, wherein the silica consists of 1 part modified nano-silica and 1 part micron-sized silica, and 0.1 part defoamer;
[0048] Step 5: The modified nano / micro silica is filled in a graded manner, and the defoamer is added to mixture 3 and stirred at high speed for 60 minutes;
[0049] Step Six: Spray the well-mixed material onto the cable surface using an air spraying device and cure at room temperature. The curing temperature is room temperature: 20℃~25℃; the curing time is 24 hours; the high-speed mixing equipment is a BLD type liquid mixer; the mixing speed is 500 r / min; the mixing time is 105 min.
[0050] The preparation method described in Example 2 includes: Step 1: Adding PDMS to a mixed solution of ethanol, butanol, and cyclohexanone, and stirring at high speed for 15 minutes to obtain a uniform mixture 1; wherein the mixture consists of 12 parts ethanol, 2 parts butanol, 6 parts cyclohexanone, and 1 part PDMS.
[0051] Step 2: Add liquid epoxy resin, dibutyl phthalate, polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, and KH560 to mixture 1, and stir at high speed for 15 minutes to obtain mixture 2. The liquid epoxy resin is 3 parts, the dibutyl phthalate is 0.1 parts, the polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether is 0.2 parts, and the KH560 is 0.5 parts.
[0052] Step 3: Add diethylenetriamine curing agent to mixture 2, stir at high speed for 15 minutes to obtain mixture 3, wherein the diethylenetriamine is 0.5 parts; Step 4: Modify nano / micro silica;
[0053] 1. Place nano-sized SiO2 in a vacuum drying oven and dry at 80°C for 6 hours to remove physically adsorbed moisture.
[0054] 2. Prepare a solution using KH560 : water : ethanol = 1 : 1 : 20 (volume ratio). Add glacial acetic acid to adjust the pH to 4-5 (acidic conditions promote the hydrolysis of KH560). Place the hydrolysate on a magnetic stirrer and stir at room temperature for 30 minutes until the solution is clear.
[0055] 3. Slowly add the pre-dried nano-SiO2 to the hydrolysate and ultrasonically disperse for 30 minutes (power 200 W). Transfer to a 60℃ water bath and magnetically stir for 4 hours.
[0056] 4. Centrifuge the reaction solution (5000 rpm, 10 minutes) and discard the supernatant. Wash the precipitate three times with anhydrous ethanol to remove unreacted KH560 and byproducts. Place the precipitate in a vacuum drying oven and dry at 60°C for 12 hours to obtain KH560 modified nano-SiO2, wherein the silica consists of 1 part modified nano-silica and 1 part micron-sized silica, and 0.1 part defoamer;
[0057] Step 5: The modified nano / micro silica is filled in a graded manner, and the defoamer is added to mixture 3 and stirred at high speed for 60 minutes;
[0058] Step Six: Spray the well-mixed mixture onto the cable surface using an air spraying device and cure at room temperature. The curing temperature is room temperature: 20℃~25℃; the curing time is 24 hours; the high-speed mixing equipment is a BLD type liquid mixer; the mixing speed is 500 r / min; the mixing time is 105 min.
[0059] Hydrophobic properties
[0060] Water droplet contact angle, roll-off angle and droplet bounce experiments were conducted on the anti-icing superhydrophobic coating. The morphology and adhesion of water droplets on the surface of the anti-icing coating were recorded by video observation.
[0061] In the water droplet contact angle experiment, the static contact angle and roll-off angle of the anti-icing coating in Example 1 were 154° and 3°, respectively, while the static contact angle of the anti-icing coating in Example 2 was 150° and the roll-off angle was 5°. It has superhydrophobicity and can prevent the adhesion of liquid water on the surface. Then, when a water droplet is brought into contact with the surface of the anti-icing superhydrophobic coating by the needle of a micro-syringe, the water droplet is easily carried away by the needle and does not adhere to the coating surface. This shows that the anti-icing superhydrophobic coating prepared in this embodiment has superhydrophobic properties.
[0062] In the droplet bounce experiment, when a 5 μL droplet impacted the coating surface, the droplet first diffused on the surface and then bounced rapidly, indicating that the anti-icing coatings prepared in this embodiment all have good superhydrophobicity. Furthermore, when the coating surface was rinsed with a large flow of water, the coating surface remained dry, and water droplets slid freely on the coating surface. Experiments demonstrate that the anti-icing coating provided in this embodiment has good hydrophobic and self-cleaning properties.
[0063] Delayed icing performance
[0064] The freezing stage was lowered to a pre-set temperature (-15℃), and the coated sample was placed in the freezing stage for 3 minutes to allow the coating surface temperature to drop to the target temperature. A 10μL water droplet was placed on the coating surface using a needle, and the freezing process was monitored in real time using a camera, recording the freezing process and the time required for complete freezing. After multiple measurements at different times, the humidity inside the laboratory remained essentially constant, thus ensuring the accuracy of the data measurements. The results are as follows: Figures 1-3 As shown. The uncoated sample froze immediately after 45 seconds, while the coated sample in Example 1 froze after 7 minutes and 10 seconds. The coated sample in Example 2 froze after 1 minute and 43 seconds. Abrasion resistance.
[0065] The abrasion resistance of the superhydrophobic coating was tested according to the reciprocating abrasion test method recommended in ISO 8251-2011. 800-grit sandpaper was fixed to a table as the abrasion surface, allowing the superhydrophobic coating to directly contact the sandpaper. A 200g weight was placed above the sample as the abrasion load, applying a pressure of 5kPa. During the test, the sample was slowly pushed at a uniform speed parallel to the direction of the sandpaper, causing the sample and weight to move together. One abrasion cycle was counted as pushing from one end of the sandpaper to the other (approximately 20cm). The macroscopic morphology of the superhydrophobic coating was observed, and the static contact angle and sliding angle of each sample were measured using a DSA100S contact angle meter and a digital inclinometer. In Example 1, the coating maintained a contact angle above 150° after 40 abrasion cycles. In Example 2, the contact angle decreased to 146° after 40 abrasion cycles.
[0066] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Various variations can be made to the above embodiments of the present invention. Any simple or equivalent changes or modifications made to the content of the claims and description of this application fall within the protection scope of the claims of this patent. All aspects not described in detail in this invention are conventional technical content.
Claims
1. A superhydrophobic anti-icing coating for cables, characterized in that, include: Film-forming substances, fillers, solvents, and additives; The film-forming substance includes liquid epoxy resin as the main substance, PDMS as the secondary film-forming substance, and diethylenetriamine as the auxiliary film-forming substance. The filler is a mixture of modified nano-silica / micron-sized silica and KH560; The solvent is a mixed solution of ethanol, butanol, and cyclohexanone; The plasticizer is one or a mixture of dibutyl phthalate or polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether; The additive is a modified organosilicon defoamer.
2. The coating as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The film-forming substance, filler, solvent, plasticizer, and additives are in the following proportions by weight: 28:25:200:3:
1.
3. The coating as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The proportion of the main film-forming substance, the secondary film-forming substance and the auxiliary film-forming substance in the film-forming material is 20:5:3 by weight.
4. The coating as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The modified nano-silica / micron-silica ratio is 1:1 by weight.
5. The coating as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of ethanol, butanol, and cyclohexanone by weight is 5:3:
2.
6. The coating as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The modified nano silica, micron silica, KH560, and defoamer are in a ratio of 1:1:0.5:0.1 by weight.
7. The coating as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The defoamer, by weight, is a polyether-modified silicone defoamer.
8. The coating as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Its preparation method includes the following steps: Step 1: Add PDMS to the solvent and mix thoroughly; Step 2: Add liquid epoxy resin, plasticizer, and filler KH560, and mix thoroughly; Step 3: Add auxiliary film-forming materials and mix thoroughly; Step 4: Add modified nano-silica / micron-sized silica and fill in stages, add additives and stir at high speed until uniform; Step 5: Spray the well-stirred mixture onto the cable surface using an air spraying device, and cure at room temperature to obtain the target coating.
9. The coating as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The curing time is 24 hours.