Membrane electrode frame assembly for ion exchange membrane electrolytic cell, electrolytic cell stack and manufacturing method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a membrane electrode assembly (100) for a stackable electrolytic cell. Here, the membrane electrode assembly (100) comprises: a catalyst coated membrane (CCM) member (110) having a polymer membrane (111) at least partially coated with a catalyst coating layer (112, 113); a frame member (140) for mechanical reinforcement; two porous transport layers (121, 122) and an adhesive layer (150). The adhesive layer (150) forms an adhesive bond between the CCM member (110) and at least the frame member (140), and further includes an adhesive overlap section (151) that overlaps the frame overlap section (141) of the frame member (140). The adhesive overlap section (151) extends inwardly relative to the perimeter region (115) beyond the frame overlap section (141) to define a process region (116) of the CCM component (110). The invention also relates to a solid polymer electrolyte cell stack having such a membrane electrode assembly (100) and to a method for manufacturing such a membrane electrode assembly (100).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for an electrolyzer, comprising a catalyst-coated membrane (CCM), a frame member, and two porous transport layers (PTLs). The invention also relates to a solid polymer electrolyte electrolyzer stack and a method for manufacturing the MEA. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen plays a crucial role in the transition to emission-free energy generation and storage. Hydrogen can be produced through water electrolysis, a process that uses electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. Among existing electrolysis technologies, proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers and anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolyzers are considered viable options for industrial-scale hydrogen production. Both PEM and AEM electrolyzers utilize semi-permeable membranes made of solid polymers, designed to conduct ions such as cations (typically protons, H+). + ) or anion (usually hydroxide ion, OH-) - At the same time, it separates the process materials on both sides of the membrane and electrically isolates the adjacent catalyst layers.

[0003] Water electrolysis presents technical challenges to the components of the electrolytic cell, which are inevitably reflected in its design. For example, during operation, the components of the electrolytic cell are exposed to significant pressures (e.g., up to 100 bar) and, in some cases, to corrosive substances. Therefore, these components are designed to have high rigidity and resistance to chemical corrosion, which typically leads to increased thickness of the component materials. For example, the PTL on the anode side of the CCM is typically made of metal and is therefore rigid.

[0004] However, the rigidity of the components may cause problems in areas of the electrolytic cell where more than two components need to be connected to each other.

[0005] Typically, the components of an electrolytic cell MEA are stacked and interconnected along the bonding area around the outer periphery of the CCM. Therefore, to achieve connection between lower and higher layer components, at least one component must be bent toward its respective other component to establish contact. This process usually involves passing through additional layers formed by other components. For example, the PTL is typically arranged as an outer layer relative to the central frame and CCM. However, due to the rigidity of the PTL within the electrolytic cell, tight bending is difficult to achieve without damaging the components. Moreover, tight bending (corresponding to a small bending radius) is often insufficient to bridge the distance between the PTL and CCM, as the frame is generally arranged between these components, and the frame in the electrolytic cell is typically thick enough to withstand operating loads. As a result, certain areas of the CCM are not directly connected to the PTL but are separated by gaps between their respective components. These unconnected areas typically appear on the outer periphery of the electrochemically active region of the CCM. Problems associated with these unconnected areas include difficulty in ensuring electrical and thermal conductivity. This leads to poor performance in these areas and may exacerbate localized degradation of the CCM.

[0006] In known PEM or AEM electrolyzers, multiple layers of frame and adhesive layers are typically used to support the MEA components and to avoid or reduce the formation of such unconnected areas. In particular, the frame has an adhesive on one side for bonding to the CCM and / or to each other. However, these known PEM or AEM electrolyzers are therefore more complex to design and manufacture, requiring a large number of parts, which increases costs. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to at least partially overcome the above-mentioned defects. In particular, the object of the present invention is to provide a design for a membrane electrode assembly to reduce or eliminate the negative impact of unconnected regions and / or the formation of unconnected regions.

[0008] The aforementioned technical problem is solved by the membrane electrode assembly of claim 1, the solid polymer electrolyte electrolytic cell stack of claim 14, the method of manufacturing the membrane electrode assembly of claim 15, and the use of the assembly or the electrolytic cell stack for water electrolysis according to claim 16.

[0009] Other advantages and features of the present invention are derived from the dependent claims, the specification, and the drawings. The features and details described with respect to the membrane electrode assembly of the present invention naturally also apply to the solid polymer electrolyte electrolyzer stack of the present invention and the method of manufacturing the membrane electrode assembly of the present invention, and vice versa; therefore, the disclosures of various aspects of the present invention are cross-referenced or may be cross-referenced.

[0010] A first aspect of the invention relates to a membrane electrode assembly for a stackable electrolyzer. The membrane electrode assembly includes a catalyst-coated membrane (CCM) member forming the electrochemically active core unit of the membrane electrode assembly. The CCM member includes a polymer membrane forming a solid electrolyte for ion exchange between its two opposing membrane sides. The CCM member further includes one or more catalyst coatings capable of accepting electrons and at least partially applied to both sides of the membrane. Each catalyst coating forms an electrode for conducting electrons associated with ion exchange at the polymer membrane. The membrane electrode assembly also includes a frame member for mechanical reinforcement. The frame member includes a frame overlap section and is disposed on one side of the membrane, the frame overlap section overlapping a peripheral region of the CCM member. The membrane electrode assembly also includes two porous transport layers (PTLs). Each PTL is disposed on one side of the membrane, forming a diffuser structure for surface distribution and / or collection of fluid process flows for the CCM member. The process flows can interact with the CCM member. The membrane electrode assembly also includes an adhesive layer disposed on the peripheral region of the CCM member on the same side as the frame member. The adhesive layer includes an adhesive overlap section that overlaps with the frame member and extends inward relative to the peripheral area beyond the frame overlap section to define the process area of ​​the CCM member. The adhesive layer forms an adhesive bond between the CCM member and at least the frame member. Preferably, the inner perimeter of the adhesive layer can define the boundary of the process area.

[0011] In other words, the present invention provides an electrolytic cell membrane electrode assembly that can be arranged and used in an electrolytic cell stack. The electrolytic cell can be configured for water electrolysis.

[0012] MEAs comprise CCM components having polymer membranes for ion exchange between their two opposing membrane sides. Here, the term "ion" can be understood as an atom or molecule carrying a positive or negative charge. For example, an ion can be a cation (such as a proton, H+). + ) or anions (such as hydroxides, OH-) - Polymer membranes are permeable to ions and can form a barrier to certain substances (such as gases like oxygen or hydrogen). Furthermore, the membranes are electrically insulating.

[0013] Additionally, the CCM component includes a catalyst coating capable of accepting electrons and is at least partially applied to both sides of the membrane. Each catalyst coating forms an electrode. The electrodes can be designed to facilitate the electrochemical reactions required for the operation of the electrolyzer. The electrodes can include an anode and a cathode. The anode and cathode can be arranged on either side of the two membrane sides. The anode can be on the water side, where water is provided as a reactant and oxidized to oxygen, protons, and electrons. The cathode can be on the hydrogen side, where electrons and protons transported through the polymer membrane are provided to combine and form hydrogen.

[0014] The MEA also includes a frame member for mechanical reinforcement. Preferably, the MEA may consist of only a single frame member. Here, the term "frame member" can be understood as a rigid structure used to secure the MEA in place and provide sufficient mechanical support for the electrolysis process. For example, the pressure during operation of an electrolyzer may be significantly higher (e.g., up to 100 bar) compared to that of a fuel cell (e.g., up to 10 bar). Preferably, the frame member may have a rectangular cross-section with a central opening.

[0015] The frame members are arranged on one side of the membrane, and their overlapping sections overlap with the peripheral area of ​​the CCM members.

[0016] Here, the term "peripheral area" can be understood as the area adjacent to and / or including the outer periphery of the CCM component. For example, the peripheral area may be located at the outer edge of the CCM component, and / or may extend at least partially or completely circumferentially along the outer edge of the CCM component. The outer edge may define the outer periphery of the CCM component. The term "overlap" can be understood as at least partially covering or extending beyond a structure. The term "frame overlap section" can be understood as a volumetric section of a frame component that covers at least a portion of the surface of the CCM component. Preferably, the frame overlap section may define an opening within the frame component to allow material transport to the CCM component to participate in the electrolysis process.

[0017] The MEA also includes two PTLs. Each PTL is arranged on one side of the membrane and forms a diffuser structure for the surface distribution and / or collection of fluid process flows for the CCM components. For example, the fluid process flows can be water, hydrogen, and oxygen.

[0018] The term "porous transport layer (PTL)" can be understood as a structure used to distribute and / or collect reactants or byproducts on the electrode surface and to remove fluid byproducts from the electrode. The PTL can be made of a porous material. The PTL can be conductive. The PTL can be flat, and therefore can have a small thickness relative to its length and width. Additionally, the material of the PTL may depend on its location in the MEA and / or the type of exchange membrane electrolyzer involved. At least one PTL can be made of a metal-based material. Here, the expression "metal-based" can be understood as being made of metal, entirely composed of metal, or at least containing metal. For example, the PTL can be made of titanium, platinum-plated titanium, or nickel. For example, in a PEM electrolyzer, the anode-side PTL needs to be capable of withstanding high potentials. Similarly, in an AEM electrolyzer, the anode-side PTL can also be designed to withstand high potentials and / or corrosive solutions. In these cases, a metal-containing PTL can be used as the material for the anode of both PEM and AEM electrolyzers. However, any material composition suitable for withstanding the high potentials at the anode of the electrolyzer is considered. In contrast, the cathode potential is generally lower in AEM and PEM designs. Therefore, in such cases, a carbon-containing PTL can be used at the cathode.

[0019] The MEA further includes an adhesive layer that forms an adhesive bond between the CCM component and at least the frame component. Preferably, the MEA may include only a single adhesive layer. The adhesive layer includes an adhesive overlap section that overlaps with the frame component and extends inward relative to the peripheral area beyond the frame overlap section to define the process area of ​​the CCM component. Preferably, the inner perimeter of the adhesive layer defines the process area of ​​the CCM component.

[0020] Here, the term "adhesive layer" can be understood as a specific volume, film, or sheet made of material capable of adhering to MEA components. The term "adhesion" can be understood as a joint with a strong material bond between at least two components. For example, adjacent materials can be bonded by surface adhesion, preferably initiated by chemical activation. Additionally, the term "adhesive overlap" can be understood as a volumetric portion of the adhesive layer covering at least a portion of the surface of the CCM component. The term "process area" can be understood as a surface region actually usable for the electrochemical treatment of reactants.

[0021] Using the MEA design according to the present invention, the chemically active surfaces of the CCM component can be deactivated along the inner edge of the frame member because the adhesive overlap extends beyond the frame overlap. Therefore, the adhesive overlap provides a protective covering layer for the CCM component. Consequently, the effects of corrosive environments (e.g., chemical degradation of the CCM component) on the protected area of ​​the MEA can be mitigated or even eliminated. Furthermore, the adhesive overlap can provide a bonding surface with the PTL located on the same side of the frame member, thereby simplifying the MEA manufacturing process.

[0022] According to a preferred embodiment, the PTL located on the same side of the frame member can be arranged beside the frame overlap section on the adhesive overlap section and at least partially overlap with the process area. Here, the adhesive overlap section can form an adhesive between the CCM member and the PTL.

[0023] This avoids the need for the PTL to be bent onto the thick frame component to form a connection between the PTL and the CCM component. This reduces the risk of the PTL breaking due to bending during manufacturing. It also avoids using large bending radii to connect the PTL and CCM component. Instead, with this configuration, the PTL is positioned above the adhesive overlap section and the process area, while being surrounded by the frame overlap section. This reduces or even eliminates the generation of unconnected areas between the CCM component and the PTL. Conversely, the bonding area between the PTL and the CCM component via the adhesive overlap section remains very short, while still ensuring a smooth transition. This ensures electrical and thermal conductivity in this area, achieving a uniform distribution of potential and temperature. Fluids can also be uniformly distributed within the process area. Therefore, chemical degradation can be mitigated.

[0024] Preferably, the PTL can be arranged near the frame overlap section, forming a circumferential gap separating the PTL from the frame overlap section. The gap is preferably at least partially filled with an adhesive material. For example, the adhesive material filling the gap can extend from the adhesive overlap section. The adhesive material can be the same as or different from the adhesive layer. Alternatively or additionally, the adhesive material can be a cured adhesive that is received from the adhesive layer by pressure applied to the adhesive layer and the PTL through the gap.

[0025] Using the above arrangement, the adhesive can flow into the minute gaps between the PTL and the overlapping sections of the frame, as well as into the open pores of the PTL, during the MEA compression manufacturing process, thereby providing adhesion from at least both sides and improving the bonding between the CCM component and the PTL. Furthermore, the adhesive material bonding the overlapping sections provides mechanical protection for the CCM component from damage by the sharp edges of the PTL. Typically, the PTL needs to be cut to the required dimensions and may have rough edges that could scratch the catalyst coating or otherwise damage the CCM component. Therefore, the mechanical durability of the MEA can be improved using the above arrangement.

[0026] Alternatively or additionally, the PTL can directly contact the overlapping sections of the frame.

[0027] This allows for optimization of the available process area.

[0028] Preferably, the CCM component, adhesive layer, and frame component can be stacked in this order along the stacking direction. Additionally, in the above arrangement of the PTL laterally adjacent to the frame component, the frame component can extend from the adhesive layer beyond this PTL at least at the frame overlap section along the stacking direction.

[0029] This ensures that the bonding area of ​​the MEA extends beyond the PTL on this membrane side, thereby achieving good compression of the MEA from at least this side.

[0030] According to another preferred embodiment, the PTL located on the same side of the frame member can be arranged on the frame member (specifically the overlapping section of the frame) in such a way that it at least covers the overlapping section of the frame and at least partially covers the process area.

[0031] This simplifies the manufacturing process of the PTL on the same side of the connecting frame components. Since the bonded overlap section protrudes beyond the frame overlap section, the impact of unconnected areas (if any) can be reduced or even eliminated.

[0032] According to a preferred embodiment, the polymer membrane is a proton exchange membrane (PEM) or an anion exchange membrane (AEM).

[0033] Therefore, different membrane technologies can be used in MEA design.

[0034] According to another preferred embodiment, another PTL can be disposed on the other membrane side, preferably overlapping the peripheral region. Preferably, the other PTL (i.e., the PTL located on the other membrane side) may include a bonding segment for forming a direct material bond with the CCM component. Here, the bonding segment may include a surface for bonding with another surface. For example, the polymer of the CCM component may flow into the porous structure of the PTL to form a bond. Alternatively or additionally, both PTLs may be metal-based. Alternatively, one of the PTLs may be metal-based, and the other PTL may be carbon-based. Preferably, at least the PTL located on the same side as the frame component may be metal-based.

[0035] According to a preferred embodiment, the catalyst coating may at least partially cover the polymer membrane on at least one side of the membrane. Preferably, the CCM component may include at least one membrane segment having a surface structure different from the catalyst coating. For example, the membrane segment may extend in a peripheral region. For example, the membrane segment may be an uncoated surface segment exposing the polymer surface of the polymer membrane. Preferably, the membrane segment and the opposing surface region of one of the PTLs may form a direct material-to-material bond. For example, the polymer of the CCM component may flow into the porous structure of the corresponding PTL to form a bond.

[0036] Alternatively or additionally, the catalyst coating may completely cover the polymer film on at least one side of the film. Preferably, the PTL on the other side of the film may extend at least partially beyond the CCM member through a circumferential edge segment, providing a bonding surface for direct material-to-material bonding with the frame member. Preferably, the circumferential edge segment may include a polymer-containing bonding surface.

[0037] Using any of the above configurations, reliable connections between the various components of the MEA can be ensured, and these connections can be established without the need for additional adhesive layers.

[0038] According to a preferred embodiment, the adhesive layer extends at least partially or completely along the frame overlap section on the CCM member via an adhesive overlap section. In other words, the adhesive overlap section can extend longitudinally and / or laterally consistent with the frame overlap section.

[0039] This can further enhance the beneficial effects of the invention design across the entire surface of the CCM component.

[0040] According to another preferred embodiment, the adhesive layer may include an adhesive peripheral segment whose end faces in the opposite direction to the adhesive overlapping segment. Preferably, the adhesive peripheral segment may extend beyond the peripheral area. Alternatively, the end of the adhesive peripheral segment may be flush with the outer peripheral edge of the peripheral area.

[0041] Therefore, the manufacturing of MEA can be simplified. Furthermore, since the adhesive layer extends beyond the perimeter area, the bonding between the frame members and the CCM members can be improved.

[0042] According to a preferred embodiment, the adhesive layer may comprise an electrochemically inert material. Alternatively or additionally, the adhesive layer may be a film. Alternatively or additionally, the adhesive layer may comprise a polymer selected from the group consisting of epoxy resins, polyurethanes, polyisobutylene, polyolefins, polyethylene, and curable crosslinking agents.

[0043] This allows for rapid and reliable bonding between the various components of the MEA.

[0044] Another aspect of the present invention relates to a solid polymer electrolyte electrolytic cell stack comprising a series stack of multiple membrane electrode assemblies described above.

[0045] This allows for the same advantages and effects as described above for MEAs. In particular, chemical degradation and manufacturing costs can be reduced due to the advantageous design of the MEA.

[0046] Another aspect of the present invention relates to the use of the above-described membrane electrode assembly or the above-described solid polymer electrolyte electrolyzer stack for water electrolysis.

[0047] Therefore, water electrolysis can be reliably completed, and the degree of chemical degradation of MEA is low.

[0048] Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing the above-described membrane electrode assembly. The method includes the following steps: obtaining a CCM component, a frame component, the two PTLs, and an adhesive layer. The CCM component, PTLs, frame component, and adhesive layer are stacked together such that the frame component is located on one membrane side and the adhesive layer is located between the frame component and the CCM component. Additionally, one of the PTLs is located within or at least partially overlaps the frame component. The other PTL is located on the other membrane side and adjacent to the CCM component. The CCM component, frame component, and adhesive layer are aligned such that the peripheral region of the CCM component and the frame overlap section both at least partially overlap the adhesive overlap section in cross-section, and the adhesive overlap section extends inward relative to the peripheral region beyond the frame overlap section to define a process area of ​​the CCM component. The adhesive layer is activated at least at the adhesive overlap section such that the adhesive layer bonds at least the frame component and the PTL to the CCM component.

[0049] Here, the term "activation" can refer to the process of making the adhesive "tacky" and / or able to adhere to the components of the MEA. For example, activation can include the curing process of a curable adhesive (such as epoxy resin). Activation can also include the heat treatment process of thermosetting adhesives (such as polyurethane or polyisobutylene) or thermoplastic adhesives (such as polyolefins). In addition, activation can include chemical treatment of suitable chemically activated adhesive materials (such as activation by ultraviolet light irradiation). Therefore, depending on the properties of the materials used in the adhesive layer, the activation steps can include curing, thermal activation, and / or chemical activation.

[0050] As mentioned above, this arrangement of the manufacturing process reduces manufacturing complexity, time, and cost, as only a small number of parts are needed to form the MEA for the electrolytic cell. Furthermore, by manufacturing the MEA in this manner, the adverse effects of chemical degradation can be mitigated or even eliminated, and the durability of the MEA can be improved. Attached Figure Description

[0051] The above and other aspects of the present invention will become apparent when referring to the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description.

[0052] Figures 1 to 7 This illustrates different embodiments of the MEA of the present invention along the perimeter near the frame. Figure 8 A schematic enlarged cross-sectional view of lines AA and / or BB in the diagram.

[0053] Figure 8 A schematic top view of another embodiment of the MEA of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0054] Figures 1 to 8 Various views and aspects of different embodiments of the MEA 100 of the present invention are shown. Figures 1 to 7 For along Figure 8 The figures show cross-sectional views of lines AA and / or BB. The MEA 100 is configured as a stackable electrolytic cell for water electrolysis. Typically, in industrial applications, this is done using a solid polymer electrolyte electrolytic cell stack, in which multiple MEA 100s are stacked in series. Such an electrolytic cell stack also forms part of the present invention, although it is not explicitly shown in the figures.

[0055] If possible Figures 1 to 8As seen in the diagram, MEA 100 includes a CCM component 110. The CCM component 110 is the electrochemically active core unit of MEA 100 and includes a polymer membrane 111, which forms a solid electrolyte for ion exchange between its two opposing membrane sides S1, S2. For example, the polymer membrane 111 can be a proton exchange membrane or anion exchange membrane. Therefore, depending on the type of membrane used, the polymer membrane 111 can serve as a solid electrolyte for cation or anion exchange. Furthermore, the CCM component 110 can have any shape (e.g., rectangular) and can be in the form of a membrane or plate. The CCM component 110 can be provided, for example, as a flexible membrane material.

[0056] Catalyst coatings 112 and 113 are applied to the two membrane sides S1 and S2. The catalyst coatings are capable of accepting electrons and at least partially cover each membrane side S1 and S2.

[0057] For example, Figure 1-4 Figures 6 and 7 illustrate the configuration of the CCM component 110, where the polymer membrane 111 is only partially coated with catalyst coatings 112 and 113 on both membrane sides S1 and S2, due to the presence of membrane segments 117 designed to expose uncoated portions of the polymer surface of the polymer membrane 111. In the illustrated example, the membrane segments 117 extend on both membrane sides S1 and S2 in the peripheral region 115 of the CCM component 110. However, these are merely examples and not exhaustive. Figure 5 An alternative configuration of the CCM component 110 is shown, in which the polymer membrane 111 is completely covered by catalyst coatings 112 and 113 on both membrane sides S1 and S2. Therefore, the polymer membrane 111 can be coated with catalyst coatings 112 and 113 in a windowed or non-windowed manner.

[0058] Each catalyst coating 112, 113 forms an electrode for conducting electrons associated with ion exchange at the polymer membrane 111. Here, each catalyst coating 112, 113 can be configured as either an anode or a cathode during electrolysis. Therefore, the specific arrangement of anode and cathode will not be distinguished below, as either catalyst coating 112, 113 can serve either role. Furthermore, the extent of the catalyst coatings 112, 113 can define the range of the generally usable electrochemically active region of the CCM component 110 (i.e., the active region before assembly into the MEA100).

[0059] If possible Figures 1 to 8 As can be seen further, MEA 100 also includes frame members 140 for mechanically reinforcing MEA 100 and securing CCM members 110 in the stack. Figure 8 In the example shown, the frame member 140 can be a rectangular structure with a rectangular through hole. Figure 8 The frame member 140 is also shown to include a port 146 for transmitting process streams into and out of the electrolytic cell.

[0060] If possible Figures 1 to 8 As further seen, MEA 100 also includes two PTLs 121, 122. PTLs 121, 122 are configured to form diffuser structures for surface distribution and / or collection of fluid process flows for CCM component 110. At least one of the two PTLs 121, 122 may be composed of a metal-based material, or any other material suitable for bearing or maintaining a high potential at the anode of the electrolytic cell. Preferably, catalyst coatings 112, 113 on the membrane sides S1, S2 where the metal-based PTLs 121, 122 are located can serve as the anode of MEA 100. However, it is conceivable that two or only one PTL 121, 122 may be composed of a metal-based material, regardless of the anode or cathode location. Figure 3 and 7 An exemplary configuration of the MEA 100 is shown, in which both PTLs 121 and 122 are metal-based. Alternatively, Figure 1 , 2 and Figures 4 to 6 An exemplary configuration of an MEA 100 with two PTLs 121, 122 is shown, wherein one of the PTLs 121, 122 is made of a carbon-based material (narrow shaded line) to interact with the cathode, and the other PTL is made of a metal-based material (wide shaded line) to interact with the anode.

[0061] If possible Figures 1 to 8 As further seen, MEA 100 also includes an adhesive layer 150 for forming an adhesive between CCM member 110, frame member 140, and at least one PTL 121, 122. For example, adhesive layer 150 may be provided as an adhesive film and may contain polymers selected from the group consisting of epoxy resins, polyurethanes, polyisobutylene, polyolefins, polyethylene, and curable crosslinking agents.

[0062] The following describes the relative positioning of the aforementioned components of MEA 100.

[0063] CCM component 110, frame component 140, PTLs 121 and 122, and adhesive layer 150 are arranged in a stacked manner within MEA 100 along the stacking direction. Figures 1 to 8 In the middle, the stacking direction is basically perpendicular to the extension plane of CCM component 110.

[0064] Specifically, frame member 140 is located on one of the membrane sides S1, S2. In the figures, frame member 140 is located on membrane side S1, as exemplarily shown. Adhesive layer 150 is located between frame member 140 and CCM member 110. Additionally, frame member 140 is arranged adjacent to one of the PTLs 121, 122. For example, these PTLs 121, 122 can be arranged adjacent (i.e., overlapping) along the stacking direction or laterally adjacent (i.e., sideways). For example, in... Figures 1 to 5 and Figure 8 In this context, PTL 121 is laterally adjacent to and located inside frame member 140, as shown in the figure. Figure 6 and 7 In this configuration, PTL 121 is adjacent to frame member 140 along the stacking direction, i.e., stacked on top of frame member 140, as illustrated in the figure. Additionally, in the MEA 100 stack, another PTL 121 or 122 is located on another membrane side S1 or S2 and adjacent to CCM member 110. For example, in... Figures 1 to 7 In this case, CCM component 110 is adjacent to another PTL 122, as shown in the example.

[0065] Figures 1 to 7 It is also shown that the frame member 140 overlaps with the peripheral area 115 of the CCM member 110 via the frame overlap section 141. Preferably, the frame overlap section 141 can surround... Figure 8 The opening within the frame member 140 shown.

[0066] Figures 1 to 7 It is also shown that the adhesive layer 150 is disposed on the peripheral region 115 of the CCM member 110 on the membrane side S1 and adjacent to the frame member 140. Specifically, the adhesive layer 150 includes an adhesive overlap segment 151 that overlaps with the frame member 140. In particular, a first portion 1514 of the adhesive overlap segment 151 overlaps with the frame overlap segment 141 in the peripheral region 115. The adhesive overlap segment 151 is also disposed on the CCM member 110 such that it extends inward with respect to the peripheral region 115 beyond the frame overlap segment 141. Therefore, the adhesive overlap segment 151 includes a second portion 1512 that covers other surface portions of the CCM member 110 beyond the peripheral region 115. Thus, the second portion 1512 also covers other surface portions of the CCM member 110 other than the frame overlap segment 141. Therefore, the adhesive overlap segment 151 defines the active region of the CCM member 110 that can be used for electrochemical processing, and thus defines the process region 116 of the CCM member 110. In other words, the inner edge 15121 of the adhesive overlapping section 151 can mark the boundary of the process area 116.

[0067] By activating the adhesive material at least at the adhesive overlap 151 (preferably the first portion 1514), an adhesive bond can be formed between the CCM member 110 and the frame member 140. The adhesive overlap 151 may also overlap with the PTL 121, and preferably at least partially with the second portion 1512.

[0068] like Figure 8 As exemplarily shown, the adhesive overlap segment 151 may extend at least partially or completely along the frame overlap segment 141 on the CCM member 110. On the side of the adhesive layer 150 opposite to the adhesive overlap segment 151, the adhesive layer 150 may extend to be flush with the outer peripheral edge 119 of the peripheral area 115. Figure 2 ) or may extend beyond the said edge 119 ( Figure 1 and Figures 3 to 7 ).

[0069] Figure 8 It is also exemplarily shown that the components of MEA 100 may be centered with respect to CCM member 110. Preferably, MEA 100 may include one or more axes of symmetry. More preferably, the axes of symmetry of MEA 100 may be aligned with at least one of the axes of symmetry of CCM member 110.

[0070] Figure 1 and 2 An exemplary embodiment of MEA 100 is shown, in which the PTL 121 on membrane side S1 may be metal-based (indicated by a broad shaded line), and the PTL 122 on membrane side S2 may be carbon-based (indicated by a narrow shaded line). The PTL 121 may be laterally arranged beside the frame overlap segment 141 and may overlap with the adhesive overlap segment 151 to form an adhesive bond between the CCM member 110 and the PTL 121. As can be further seen in the figure, the PTL 121 may be adjacent to but maintain a certain distance from the frame overlap segment 141, thus forming a small circumferential gap CG, through which the PTL 121 is separated from the frame overlap segment 141. Figure 2 This illustrates the manufacturing step after activating the adhesive layer 150 by applying manufacturing pressure MP (indicated by the arrow). Figure 1 MEA 100 is shown. Pressure applied to PTL 121 causes the adhesive material 155 of the bonded overlapping section 151 to become viscous, and after at least partially filling the circumferential gap CG, it re-cures. Therefore, an adhesive can be formed between CCM member 110 and PTL 121, and between PTL 121 and frame member 110. In particular, the adhesive material 155 can form a protective layer, protecting frame member 140 and CCM member 110 from damage by the potentially sharp edges of PTL 121.

[0071] Figure 3 and 4The MEA 100 is shown with Figure 1 Similar exemplary implementations. For example, in Figure 4 In the middle, the configuration of PTL 121 and 122 and Figure 1 The configurations shown are reversed; therefore, PTL 121 is carbon-based, and PTL 122 is metal-based or composed of materials suitable for withstanding the high potential of the electrolytic cell anode. Figure 3 In this context, both PTLs 121 and 122 are composed of metal-based materials or other materials suitable for withstanding the high potentials commonly found at the anodes of electrolytic cells.

[0072] remove Figure 5 In addition, all examples show that the CCM component 110 of MEA 100 includes a membrane segment 117, which has an uncoated surface segment in the peripheral region 115, exposing the polymer membrane 111 on the polymer surfaces of both membrane sides S1, S2. In the illustrated example, the membrane segment 117 facilitates direct bonding between the materials of the opposing surface region 123 of the bonding segment 125 of PTL 122. For example, the polymer of CCM component 110 can flow into the porous structure of PTL 122 to form an adhesive. For clarity, this is only shown in... Figure 3 , 6 As shown in Figures 7 and 8, but applicable to all other embodiments including membrane segment 117. Therefore, MEA 100 can bond another PTL 122 to CCM member 100 without additional adhesive.

[0073] Figure 5 The MEA 100 is shown with Figure 1 Similar exemplary implementations. With Figure 1 Different from China Figure 5 The CCM component 110 is completely covered by catalyst coatings 112 and 113. Therefore, unlike in other figures, direct material bonding between the CCM component 110 and the PTL 122 is not possible. Therefore, the PTL 122 extends beyond the peripheral region 115 via a circumferential edge segment 124, providing an adhesive surface for bonding to the frame component 140 via an adhesive layer 150. Here, the adhesive layer 150 preferably includes an adhesive peripheral segment 152, which opposes and extends beyond the peripheral region 115 from the adhesive overlap segment 151. Therefore, the PTL 122 can be bonded to the CCM component 110 without an additional adhesive application step.

[0074] Figure 6 and 7An exemplary embodiment of MEA 100 is shown, in which PTL 121 is arranged on frame member 140, overlapping at least with frame overlap section 141 and process area 116. The bonding between PTL 121 and CCM member 110 can be formed by bonding overlap section 151 or by direct inter-material bonding. In either case, bonding overlap section 151 provides chemical degradation protection for the corners of CCM member 110. Specifically, Figure 6 PTL 121 is carbon-based, thus it can be provided as a flexible layer that allows for tight bending. Another PTL, 122, is metal-based. Figure 7 In this design, both PTL 121 and 122 are provided as metal substrates. However, PTL 121 has a smaller material thickness to reduce its stiffness.

[0075] This invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, as long as they are covered by the appended claims. All features of the above embodiments can be provided in any combination and interchangeably.

[0076] Figure Labels

[0077] 100 Membrane Electrode Assembly

[0078] 110 Catalyst-coated membrane components, CCM components

[0079] 111 Polymer Film

[0080] 112, 113 Catalyst Coating

[0081] 115 Surrounding Area

[0082] 116 Process Area

[0083] 117 Membrane segment

[0084] 119 Peripheral edge

[0085] 121, 122 Porous transport layer, PTL

[0086] 123 Polymer surface region

[0087] 124 circumferential edge section

[0088] 125 Joint Section

[0089] 140 Frame Components

[0090] 141 Overlapping sections of the frame

[0091] Port 146

[0092] 150 adhesive layer

[0093] 151 Adhesive overlapping section

[0094] 1512 Part Two

[0095] 15121 Inner edge

[0096] 1514 Part One

[0097] 152 Bonding peripheral sections

[0098] 155 Adhesive Material

[0099] CG peripheral gap

[0100] MP manufacturing pressure

[0101] S1, S2 membrane side

Claims

1. A membrane electrode assembly (100) for a stackable electrolytic cell, comprising: - Catalyst-coated membrane (CCM) component (110), which forms the electrochemically active core unit of the membrane electrode assembly (100), including: The polymer membrane (111) forms a solid electrolyte for ion exchange between its two opposing membrane sides (S1, S2), and The catalyst coating (112, 113) is capable of accepting electrons and is at least partially applied to both sides of the membrane (S1, S2), each forming an electrode for conducting electrons related to ion exchange at the polymer membrane (111); - A frame member (140) for mechanical reinforcement, said frame member (140) being arranged on one of the membrane sides (S1, S2) and overlapping with the peripheral area (115) of said CCM member (110) via a frame overlap section (141); and - Two porous transport layers (PTLs) (121, 122), each disposed on one of the membrane sides (S1, S2). S2) and form a diffuser structure for the surface distribution and / or collection of the fluid process flow for the CCM component (110); Its characteristics are, An adhesive layer (150) is provided on the peripheral region (115) of the CCM component (110) on the same film side (S1, S2) as the frame component (140). The adhesive layer includes an adhesive overlap section (151) that overlaps with the frame component (140) to form an adhesive bond between the CCM component (110) and at least the frame component (140). The adhesive overlap section (151) extends inward relative to the peripheral region (115) beyond the frame overlap section (141) to define the process area (116) of the CCM component (110).

2. The membrane electrode assembly (100) according to claim 1, wherein, The PTLs (121, 122), located on the same membrane side (S1, S2) as the frame member (140), are laterally arranged next to the frame overlapping section (141) and placed on the adhesive overlapping section (151), at least partially overlapping the process area (116). The adhesive overlapping section (151) forms an adhesive bond between the CCM member (110) and the PTLs (121, 122).

3. The membrane electrode assembly (100) according to claim 2, wherein, The PTLs (121, 122) are arranged adjacent to the overlapping section (141) of the frame, forming a circumferential gap (CG) separating the PTLs (121, 122) from the overlapping section (141), and / or The PTLs (121, 122) are arranged to directly contact the overlapping section (141) of the frame.

4. The membrane electrode assembly (100) according to claim 3, wherein, The circumferential gap (CG) is at least partially filled with adhesive material (155), preferably extending from the adhesive overlap section (151). Preferably, the adhesive material and the adhesive layer (150) are the same as or different from each other, and / or The adhesive material (155) is preferably a cured adhesive from the adhesive layer (150) that is received by the circumferential gap (CG) by applying pressure to the adhesive layer (150) and the PTL (121, 122).

5. The membrane electrode assembly (100) according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein, The CCM component (110), the adhesive layer (150), and the frame component (140) are stacked in this order along the stacking direction, wherein the frame component (140) extends from the adhesive layer (150) along the stacking direction at least at the frame overlap section (141), beyond this PTL (121, 122).

6. The membrane electrode assembly (100) according to claim 1, wherein, The PTLs (121, 122) located on the same membrane side (S1, S2) as the frame member (140) are arranged on the frame member (140), overlapping at least with the overlapping section (141) of the frame and at least partially with the process area (116).

7. The membrane electrode assembly (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and 6, wherein, One of the PTLs (121, 122) is arranged on the other membrane side (S1, S2), preferably overlapping the peripheral region (115). More preferably, another PTL (121, 122) includes a joint segment (125) for forming a direct material-to-material joint with the CCM member (110).

8. The membrane electrode assembly (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and 6, wherein, At least one or both of the PTLs (121, 122) are made of a metal-based material. Wherein, the PTLs (121, 122) located at least on the same membrane side (S1, S2) as the frame member (140) are preferably the at least one metal-based PTL (121, 122), and / or The other PTL (121, 122) located on the same membrane side (S1, S2) as the frame member (140) is preferably made of carbon-based material.

9. The membrane electrode assembly (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and 6, wherein, The catalyst coating (112, 113) at least partially covers at least one of the membrane sides (S1, S2) of the polymer membrane (111), wherein the CCM member (110) preferably includes at least one membrane segment (117) having a surface structure different from that of the catalyst coating (112, 113), for example, an uncoated surface segment (117) exposing the polymer surface of the polymer membrane (111), and more preferably, the membrane segment extends in the peripheral region (115), and Preferably, the membrane segment (117) and the opposing surface region (123) of one of the PTLs (121, 122) form a direct material bond.

10. The membrane electrode assembly (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and 6, wherein, The catalyst coating (112, 113) completely covers the polymer membrane (111) of at least one of the membrane sides (S1, S2), wherein preferably, the PTL (121, 122) of the other membrane side (S1, S2) extends at least partially beyond the peripheral region (115) by a circumferential edge segment (124) to provide a bonding surface for adhesion to the frame member (140).

11. The membrane electrode assembly (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and 6, wherein, The adhesive layer (150) extends at least partially or completely along the frame overlap section (141) on the CCM member (110) through the adhesive overlap section (151), and / or The adhesive layer (150) includes an adhesive peripheral section (152) opposite to the adhesive overlapping section (151), wherein the adhesive peripheral section (152) extends beyond the peripheral area (115) from the adhesive overlapping section (151), or wherein the adhesive overlapping section (151) is flush with the outer peripheral edge (119) of the peripheral area (115).

12. The membrane electrode assembly (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and 6, wherein, The adhesive layer (150) -Including electrochemically inert materials, - is an adhesive film, and / or -Including polymers selected from the group consisting of: epoxy resins, polyurethanes, polyisobutylene, polyolefins, polyethylene, and curable crosslinking agents.

13. A solid polymer electrolyte electrolytic cell stack, characterized in that, It includes a series stack of multiple membrane electrode assemblies (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. A method of manufacturing a membrane electrode assembly (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, comprising the following steps: - Obtain the CCM component (110); - Obtain the frame member (140); - Obtain the two PTLs (121, 122); - Obtain the adhesive layer (150); Its characteristics are, - Stack the CCM component (110), the PTL (121, 122), the frame component (140), and the adhesive layer (150) such that: o The frame member (140) is located on one of the membrane sides (S1, S2); The adhesive layer (150) is located between the frame member (140) and the CCM member (110); One of the PTLs (121, 122) is located on the frame member (140). Inside or at least partially on the frame member; Another PTL (121, 122) is located on the other membrane side (S1, S2). and adjacent to the CCM component (110); Align the CCM component (110), the frame component (140), and the adhesive layer (150). make: The peripheral area (115) of the CCM component (110) and the overlapping section (141) of the frame both overlap at least partially with the adhesive overlapping section (151) in cross-section, and The adhesive overlap section (151) extends inward relative to the peripheral area (115), beyond the frame overlap section (141), to define the process area (116) of the CCM component (110); and -Activate the adhesive layer (150) at least at the adhesive overlap section (151), such that the adhesive layer (150) at least bond the frame member (140) and this PTL (121, 122) Adhere to the CCM component (110).

15. Use of the membrane electrode assembly (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 12 or the solid polymer electrolyte electrolyzer stack according to claim 13 for water electrolysis.

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