Steel rail piece grinding head structure based on air cooling

Abstract

The invention discloses a steel rail piece grinding head structure based on air cooling, which belongs to the technical field of railway steel rail profile grinding, and comprises a motor, a main shaft, a grinding tool assembly, a coupling piece, a centrifugal fan blade, a grinding head shell and a protective cover, the air inlet is formed in the grinding head shell, the pipe wall air channel is formed in the shell wall of the grinding head shell, and the main shaft air channel is formed in the main shaft. According to the steel rail piece grinding head structure based on air cooling, the multiple air channels are formed in the grinding head structure, the grinding tool assembly is driven by the main shaft to rotate, the centrifugal fan blades are driven to rotate, and air flows in the grinding head structure through the different air channels by means of negative pressure generated by rotation of the blades of the centrifugal fan blades; therefore, heat gathered during mechanical rotation and grinding is taken away, sustainable service time of the steel rail piece grinding head structure is achieved, and the service life of the main shaft is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the technical field of railway rail profile grinding, specifically relating to the structure of a grinding head for rail components based on air cooling. Background Technology

[0002] In modern railway maintenance, rail grinding technology can effectively extend the life of rails, ensure the safety and stability of trains in operation, and reduce the operating costs of railway departments.

[0003] Currently, there are two methods for rail grinding: one is using a dedicated large grinding train, and the other is using small, manual grinding equipment. Due to weight limitations, manual rail grinding equipment typically relies on natural air cooling for heat dissipation of the grinding head. Under high loads and prolonged grinding, the heat accumulated in the grinding head cannot be effectively dissipated, leading to overheating. Therefore, manual grinding equipment has lower grinding power and grinding head speed, and cannot grind for extended periods, thus limiting grinding capacity and reducing equipment lifespan.

[0004] Therefore, a rail grinding head structure that can dissipate the heat accumulated in the grinding head in a timely manner is needed to improve the grinding capacity of manual rail grinding equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The problem this application aims to solve is to provide a wind-cooled steel rail grinding head structure. The grinding head structure has multiple air ducts inside. The rotation of the grinding wheel assembly driven by the spindle drives the rotation of the centrifugal fan. The negative pressure generated by the rotation of the centrifugal fan blades causes air to flow through the different air ducts inside the grinding head structure, thereby removing the heat accumulated during mechanical rotation and grinding, achieving sustainable service life of the steel rail grinding head structure, and extending the service life of the spindle.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application adopts the following technical solution: This application provides a wind-cooled steel rail grinding head structure, including a motor, a spindle, and a grinding tool assembly. The output end of the motor is connected to one end of the spindle via a coupling, and the other end of the spindle is fixedly connected to the grinding tool assembly. It also includes a centrifugal fan, a grinding head housing, and a protective cover. The centrifugal fan is fixedly sleeved on the grinding tool assembly. The grinding head housing is fitted over the outside of the spindle; The protective cover is provided over the outside of the abrasive assembly and the centrifugal fan blades; One end of the grinding head housing is fixedly connected to the main body of the motor, and the other end of the grinding head housing is correspondingly connected to the protective cover; Several rolling bearings are installed between the grinding head housing and the main shaft; A closed end cap is installed at the port of the grinding head housing away from the motor. The spindle passes through the closed end cap and is connected to the grinding wheel assembly in a driving connection. A seal is installed between the closed end cap and the spindle. An air inlet is provided at one end of the grinding head housing near the motor; A pipe wall air duct is provided inside the shell wall of the grinding head housing. One end of the pipe wall air duct is connected to the air inlet, and the other end of the pipe wall air duct is connected to the middle air inlet cavity of the centrifugal fan. A main shaft air duct is provided inside the main shaft. One end of the main shaft air duct is connected to the air inlet, and the other end of the main shaft air duct is connected to the middle air inlet cavity of the centrifugal fan. The outer air outlet side of the centrifugal fan blade connects to the gap between the protective cover and the mold assembly.

[0007] In the above technical solution, during operation, the heat conducted from the outer ring of the rolling bearing to the grinding wheel housing and the heat accumulated between the grinding wheel mounting base and the outer wall of the main shaft can be transported to the centrifugal fan through the airflow into the pipe wall duct. The heat conducted from the inner ring of the rolling bearing to the main shaft and the heat accumulated between the seal and the main shaft can be transported to the centrifugal fan through the airflow into the main shaft duct. The air that converges at the centrifugal fan flows to the grinding part of the grinding wheel assembly through the gap between the protective cover and the grinding wheel assembly, thereby dissipating heat from the grinding part and improving the service life of the rail grinding head structure.

[0008] Furthermore, the abrasive assembly includes an abrasive and an abrasive mounting base; the centrifugal fan is sleeved on the abrasive mounting base; the main shaft passes through the closed end cover and is threadedly connected to one end of the abrasive mounting base, and the other end of the abrasive mounting base is fixedly connected to the abrasive.

[0009] Furthermore, a first ventilation hole is provided on the mold mounting base, and the main shaft air duct is connected to the central air inlet cavity of the centrifugal fan blade through the first ventilation hole.

[0010] Furthermore, the coupling is provided with a second ventilation hole, and the air inlet is connected to the main shaft air duct through the second ventilation hole.

[0011] In the above technical solution, the air entering the steel rail grinding head structure from the air inlet can enter the main shaft air duct through the radial through hole on the coupling and the cavity between the main shaft and the motor output end.

[0012] Furthermore, the protective cover has a radial guide plate at the port near the grinding head housing where the closed end cover is installed. There is a gap between the radial guide plate and the closed end cover, and there is a gap between the inner circumference of the radial guide plate and the main shaft.

[0013] In the above technical solution, the air flowing through the pipe wall duct can flow to the central cavity of the centrifugal fan blade through the radial guide plate, thereby ensuring that the steel rail grinding head structure can form a stable gas flow state inside.

[0014] Furthermore, the protective cover is provided with several heat dissipation holes at the positions corresponding to the centrifugal fan blades.

[0015] In the above technical solution, the air gathered to the centrifugal fan blades through the pipe wall air duct and the main shaft air duct can flow out from the heat dissipation holes on the surface of the protective cover, which can prevent the air flow from being obstructed, thus preventing turbulence from forming inside the steel rail grinding head structure and affecting the heat dissipation inside the steel rail grinding head structure.

[0016] Furthermore, a filter screen is provided on the housing of the grinding head at the air inlet.

[0017] In the above technical solution, the filter screen can prevent dust in the air and dust generated during grinding operations from entering the interior, avoiding contamination of the interior of the rail grinding head structure, thereby further improving the service life of the rail grinding head structure.

[0018] Furthermore, the sealing element is a skeleton oil seal.

[0019] This application has the following beneficial effects: (1) The power transmission of the air-cooled steel rail grinding head structure of this application is simple. The centrifugal fan does not need to provide additional power. It only needs to drive the main shaft to rotate through the output shaft of the motor to realize the work of the centrifugal fan and the grinding tool at the same time. While performing steel rail grinding work, no additional cooling means are needed. The internal air flow caused by the centrifugal fan can cool the main shaft, rolling bearing, grinding head housing and grinding tool at the same time, which can significantly improve the duration and service life of the steel rail grinding head structure.

[0020] The air-cooled steel rail grinding head structure of this application has a simple structure. The air ducts and main shaft air ducts are formed inside the steel rail grinding head structure by means of the through holes set on each component and the gaps formed between each component. This enables unidirectional airflow inside the steel rail grinding head structure, thereby ensuring timely heat dissipation inside the steel rail grinding head structure. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a plan view of the air-cooled steel rail grinding head structure of this application; Figure 2 The above and below are isometric views of the air-cooled steel rail grinding head structure of this application. Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view (AA) of the air-cooled steel rail grinding head structure of this application; Figure 4 This is an enlarged planar front view of the grinding head housing of this application; Figure 5 This is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the grinding head housing of this application. Figure 6 This is a magnified planar front view of the main axis of this application; Figure 7 This is a magnified CC cross-sectional view of the main axis of this application; Figure 8 This is an enlarged planar front view of the mold assembly of this application; Figure 9 This is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the mold assembly of this application. Figure 10 This is a magnified schematic diagram of the centrifugal fan blades of this application (A. Front view, B. Left view, C. Isometric view). Figure 11 This is an enlarged planar front view of the coupling component in this application; Figure 12 This is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the coupling component in this application; Figure 13 This is an enlarged planar front view of the protective cover of this application; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the heat source of the air-cooled steel rail grinding head structure during operation. Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the internal airflow of the air-cooled steel rail grinding head structure of this application; In the diagram: 1-Motor, 2-Main shaft, 3-Grinding mold assembly, 4-Coupling, 5-Centrifugal fan, 6-Grinding head housing, 7-Protective cover, 8-Rolling bearing, 9-Closed end cap, 10-Filter screen, 21-Main shaft air duct, 31-Grinding mold, 32-Grinding mold mounting base, 33-First ventilation hole, 41-Second ventilation hole, 61-Air inlet on grinding head housing, 62-Pipe wall air duct, 71-Skeleton oil seal, 72-Radial guide plate, 73-Heat dissipation hole. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0023] Example 1 like Figures 1-3The air-cooled steel rail grinding head structure shown includes a motor 1, a spindle 2, and a grinding tool assembly 3. The output end of the motor 1 is connected to one end of the spindle 2 via a coupling 4, and the other end of the spindle 2 is threadedly connected to the grinding tool assembly 3. Based on the above structure, it also includes a centrifugal fan 5 fixedly sleeved on the grinding tool assembly 3, a grinding head housing 6 covering the outside of the spindle 2, and a protective cover 7 covering the outside of the grinding tool assembly 3 and the centrifugal fan 5. One end of the grinding head housing 6 is fixedly connected to the main body of the motor 1. The other end is connected to the protective cover 7. The grinding head housing 6 has an air inlet 61 at the end near the motor 1. A filter screen 10 is also provided at the air inlet 61. Several rolling bearings 8 are also installed between the grinding head housing 6 and the main shaft 2. A closed end cap 9 is also installed flush with the end of the grinding head housing 6 away from the motor 1. A certain gap is left between the protective cover 7 and the grinding mold assembly 3. The central cavity of the centrifugal fan 5 is connected to the gap, thereby ensuring that the air at the centrifugal fan can flow to the grinding mold on the grinding mold assembly.

[0024] The grinding head housing 6 has openings inside its housing wall as shown in the image. Figure 5 The axial through holes shown serve as pipe wall air ducts 62. One end of the pipe wall air duct 62 is connected to the air inlet 61 opened on the grinding head housing 6, and the other end is connected to the air inlet cavity in the middle of the centrifugal fan 5; the interior of the main shaft 2 is provided with... Figure 7 The radial through hole shown serves as the main shaft air duct 21, one end of which is connected to the air inlet 61, and the other end is connected to the central air inlet cavity of the centrifugal fan 5; the mold assembly 3 is composed of Figure 8 The grinding wheel 31 and the grinding wheel mounting base 32 shown are combined.

[0025] In the above embodiments, during operation, the air-cooled rail grinding head structure is driven by a motor-driven shaft, which sequentially rotates the coupling, spindle, grinding wheel mounting base, and grinding wheel for grinding. Simultaneously, it drives a centrifugal fan to rotate. As the fan rotates, air flows unidirectionally within the rail grinding head structure through the pipe wall duct and the spindle channel. This carries the heat generated by the mechanical rotation to the centrifugal fan. The air gathered at the centrifugal fan can then flow out of the grinding head structure through the air between the protective cover and the grinding wheel assembly. This not only dissipates heat but also dissipates heat generated during grinding, ensuring that the rail grinding head structure does not accumulate excessive heat even during prolonged continuous use. Furthermore, the filter on the grinding head housing, combined with the unidirectional airflow, prevents grinding dust and airborne dust from entering the interior of the rail grinding head structure, thus avoiding contamination of the spindle.

[0026] Example 2 The further improvement of this application based on Embodiment 1 is as follows: like Figure 9 As shown, one end of the grinding wheel mounting base 32 is fixedly connected to the grinding wheel 31, and the other end is provided with a threaded hole for connecting to the main shaft 2. The grinding wheel mounting base 32 is also provided with a first ventilation hole 33 at the bottom of the threaded hole. The main shaft 2 passes through the center of the closed end cover 9 and is connected to the threaded hole of the grinding wheel mounting base 32. After the main shaft is connected to the grinding wheel mounting base, the main shaft air duct 21 communicates with the central cavity of the centrifugal fan blade 5 through the first ventilation hole 33. A skeleton oil seal 71 is provided at the connection between the main shaft 2 and the closed end cover 9.

[0027] To facilitate understanding of the specific structure of the centrifugal fan blade 5, this application provides a front view, a left view, and left and right isometric views of the centrifugal fan blade 5. Figure 10 Because there is a skeleton oil seal between the main shaft and the closed end cover, a through hole cannot be formed. Therefore, the air entering the interior of the steel rail grinding head structure will only flow through the pipe wall air duct and the main shaft air duct. The main shaft air duct is connected to the central cavity of the centrifugal fan blade through the first ventilation hole on the grinding mold mounting base, which can ensure that the negative pressure generated by the centrifugal fan blade directly realizes the air circulation in the main shaft air duct.

[0028] Example 3 The further improvement of this application based on Embodiment 2 is as follows: like Figures 11-12 As shown, the coupling 4 is provided with a second ventilation hole 41; the main shaft 2 has a cavity between the output end of the motor 1 and the motor 1 through the coupling 4 at one end; the air inlet 61 is connected to the main shaft air duct 21 through the second ventilation hole 41.

[0029] In the above embodiments, air can enter the main shaft air duct through the air inlet on the grinding head housing and the second ventilation hole on the coupling, thereby transferring the heat conducted from the inner ring of the rolling bearing to the main shaft and the heat accumulated between the seal and the main shaft to the centrifugal fan blades through the main shaft air duct to achieve the heat dissipation effect.

[0030] Example 4 The further improvement of this application based on Embodiment 3 is as follows: The protective cover 7 has a radial guide plate 72 at the port where the closed end cover 9 is installed near the grinding head housing 6. There is a certain gap between the radial guide plate 72 and the closed end cover 9. There is also a gap between the inner circumference of the radial guide plate 72 and the main shaft 2. This ensures that the air flowing through the pipe wall air duct can enter the central cavity of the centrifugal fan under the action of the radial guide plate, and ensures that the negative pressure generated by the centrifugal fan can realize the air circulation in the pipe wall air duct.

[0031] Example 5 The further improvement of this application based on Embodiment 4 is as follows: The surface of the protective cover 7 is further provided with several such features at positions corresponding to the centrifugal fan blade 5. Figure 13 The heat dissipation port 73 is shown.

[0032] In the above embodiments, such as Figure 14 As shown, during operation, heat points are generated at the bearings, seals, and grinding wheels of the rail grinding head structure. The rail grinding head structure of this application can generate negative pressure through the centrifugal fan driven by the main shaft, causing air to circulate inside the rail grinding head structure... Figure 15 The flow pattern shown is as follows: the heat conducted from the outer ring of the bearing to the mold housing and the heat accumulated between the mold mounting base and the outer wall of the spindle can be transported to the centrifugal fan blades through the air flowing into the pipe wall air duct; the heat conducted from the inner ring of the bearing to the spindle and the heat accumulated between the seal and the spindle can be transported to the centrifugal fan blades through the air flowing into the spindle air duct; part of the air accumulated at the centrifugal fan blades flows to the outside of the rail grinding head structure through the heat dissipation vents on the surface of the protective cover, and the other part flows to the mold through the gap between the protective cover and the mold assembly. While exhausting the air from the rail grinding head structure, the mold is cooled by air.

[0033] The rail grinding head structure provided in this application is suitable for profile grinding of railway rails and turnout rails during construction and maintenance. Through a multi-duct, unidirectional airflow design, it utilizes the air pressure generated by the centrifugal fan blades rotating together during grinding to drive air sequentially through the coupling of the rail grinding head structure – main shaft or grinding head housing – grinding wheel mounting base – grinding wheel. This allows for rapid dissipation of heat accumulated during mechanical rotation and grinding, significantly extending the continuous service life of the rail grinding head structure. Furthermore, because the rail grinding head structure creates unidirectional airflow internally, installing a filter at the air inlet on the grinding head housing effectively prevents dust generated during grinding or airborne dust from entering the interior of the rail grinding head structure, preventing contamination of critical components such as the main shaft and bearings, and significantly extending the service life of the rail grinding head structure.

[0034] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application. It should be understood that this application is not limited to the forms disclosed herein and should not be construed as excluding other embodiments. It can be used in various other combinations, modifications, and environments, and can be altered within the scope of the concept described herein through the above teachings or the technology or knowledge in related fields. Modifications and variations made by those skilled in the art that do not depart from the spirit and scope of this application should be within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A grinding head structure for air-cooled steel rail components, comprising a motor (1), a spindle (2), and a grinding tool assembly (3), wherein the output end of the motor (1) is connected to one end of the spindle (2) via a coupling (4), and the other end of the spindle (2) is fixedly connected to the grinding tool assembly (3), characterized in that, It also includes a centrifugal fan (5), a grinding head housing (6) and a protective cover (7), wherein the centrifugal fan (5) is fixedly sleeved on the grinding tool assembly (3); The grinding head housing (6) is fitted over the outside of the main shaft (2); The protective cover (7) is provided on the outside of the abrasive assembly (3) and the centrifugal fan (5); One end of the grinding head housing (6) is fixedly connected to the main body of the motor (1), and the other end of the grinding head housing (6) is correspondingly connected to the protective cover (7); Several rolling bearings (8) are installed between the grinding head housing (6) and the main shaft (2); A closed end cap (9) is installed at the port of the grinding head housing (6) away from the motor (1). The spindle (2) passes through the closed end cap (9) and is connected to the grinding wheel assembly (3) in a driving connection. A seal (71) is installed between the closed end cap (9) and the spindle (2). An air inlet (61) is provided at one end of the grinding head housing (6) near the motor (1); A pipe wall air duct (62) is provided inside the shell wall of the grinding head housing (6). One end of the pipe wall air duct (62) is connected to the air inlet (61), and the other end of the pipe wall air duct is connected to the middle air inlet cavity of the centrifugal fan (5). A main shaft air duct (21) is provided inside the main shaft (2). One end of the main shaft air duct (21) is connected to the air inlet (61), and the other end of the main shaft air duct is connected to the middle air inlet cavity of the centrifugal fan (5). The outer air outlet side of the centrifugal fan (5) connects to the gap between the protective cover (7) and the mold assembly (3).

2. The air-cooled steel rail grinding head structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grinding wheel assembly (3) includes a grinding wheel (31) and a grinding wheel mounting base (32); the centrifugal fan (5) is sleeved on the grinding wheel mounting base (32); the main shaft (2) passes through the closed end cap (9) and is threaded to one end of the grinding wheel mounting base (32), and the other end of the grinding wheel mounting base (32) is fixedly connected to the grinding wheel (31).

3. The air-cooled steel rail grinding head structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, A first ventilation hole (33) is provided on the mold mounting base (32), and the main shaft air duct (21) is connected to the central air inlet cavity of the centrifugal fan (5) through the first ventilation hole (33).

4. The air-cooled steel rail grinding head structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coupling (4) is provided with a second ventilation hole (41), and the air inlet (61) is connected to the main shaft air duct (21) through the second ventilation hole (41).

5. The air-cooled steel rail grinding head structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protective cover (7) has a radial guide plate (72) at the port where the closed end cover (9) is installed near the grinding head housing (6). There is a gap between the radial guide plate (72) and the closed end cover (9), and there is a gap between the inner circumference of the radial guide plate (72) and the main shaft (2).

6. The air-cooled steel rail grinding head structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protective cover (7) is also provided with several heat dissipation holes (73) at the position corresponding to the centrifugal fan blade (5).

7. The air-cooled steel rail grinding head structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grinding head housing (6) is provided with a filter screen (10) at the air inlet (61).

8. The air-cooled steel rail grinding head structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing element (71) is a skeleton oil seal.

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