Device for construction of TBM penetrating through water-rich stratum and using method of device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of shield tunneling, and particularly relates to a construction device for a TBM to penetrate through a water-rich stratum and a using method of the construction device, and the device comprises an annular shell arranged at the head of a tunnel boring machine, a cutterhead arranged on the annular shell, an annular bag body and an internal and external pressure control assembly. A partition plate is formed in the annular shell, and the annular shell is divided into a pressure balance cavity. And the annular shell is provided with a through hole part communicated with the pressure balance cavity. An axial flange body extending to the pressure balance cavity and shaped holes distributed in the periphery of the axial flange body and provided with conical holes are formed in the end face of the partition plate. The axial flange body is provided with an annular cavity provided with the annular bag body. The internal and external pressure control assembly is matched with the shaped hole and comprises a plug block and a driving unit, wherein at least part of the peripheral face of the plug block forms a conical ring face capable of being correspondingly matched with the conical hole, and the driving unit can drive the plug block to move so as to control the plugging degree of the conical hole. Internal pressure and external pressure can be regulated in a balanced mode, and the condition of pressure unbalance is restrained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel boring machine (TBM) equipment technology, specifically to a device for TBM construction through water-rich strata and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) is mainly divided into open-face tunnel boring machines and shield tunnel boring machines. It can simultaneously realize the parallel and continuous operation of construction processes such as tunneling, support, and muck removal. It is a factory-produced assembly line tunnel construction equipment that integrates mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, optical, and pneumatic systems. It has the advantages of fast tunneling speed, environmental protection, and high comprehensive benefits. It can realize the construction of long tunnels buried in complex geographical terrain that are difficult to achieve with traditional drill and blast methods. It is widely used in tunnel projects such as railways, hydropower, transportation, mining, and municipal engineering.

[0003] High-pressure, water-rich, and fractured zones present significant risks in tunnel construction due to their adverse geological conditions, which can easily lead to accidents such as sudden water inrushes, collapses, and equipment flooding. Previous technologies for preventing and treating sudden water inrushes in high-pressure, water-rich zones adhered to the principle of "combined blocking and drainage, with limited discharge," and employed grouting as a solution. Existing technology involves a patented solution (CN117627562A) entitled "A Slurry Pressure Balancing Device and Slurry Wall Protection Method." This method involves injecting a large amount of slurry during drilling, forming a hardened protective layer on the borehole wall to overcome the unfavorable terrain conditions of water-rich and fractured zones and prevent collapses. However, this method suffers from the problem that while the slurry delivery pressure is relatively constant, the pressure fluctuates significantly when injected into the borehole due to borehole wall stress, easily leading to internal and external pressure imbalances and potentially causing collapses. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a device and method for using a TBM to traverse water-rich strata, which can suppress pressure imbalance by balancing internal and external pressures.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: a device for TBM construction through water-rich strata, comprising a ring shell fixedly mounted on the head of the tunnel boring machine, a cutterhead mounted on the outer end of the ring shell, a pressure sensing unit mounted on the ring shell, a spring-shaped annular bladder, and multiple internal and external pressure control components. The cavity of the annular bladder can be filled with and extracted with inert gas, allowing the axial length of the annular bladder to expand and contract.

[0006] A partition is formed inside the annular housing, near the end where the cutter head is located. The cavity between the partition and the other end of the annular housing forms a pressure balancing cavity. The annular housing has multiple through holes that are distributed alternately around the circumference and are all connected to the pressure balancing cavity.

[0007] The partition has a pivot hole through which a rotating shaft matching the cutter head passes, and an axial flange extending into the pressure balance chamber is formed on the end face of the partition.

[0008] An annular cavity is formed on the annular wall of the axial flange to fix and accommodate the annular bladder. An annular plate is provided at the outer end of the annular bladder, and the annular plate can slide relative to the annular cavity as the annular bladder expands and contracts. A stop structure is provided on the inner side of the outer port of the annular cavity to prevent the annular plate from sliding out of the annular cavity.

[0009] A radial flange is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the axial flange near the free end, and a radial gap is formed between the outer wall of the radial flange and the inner peripheral surface of the ring shell.

[0010] Multiple shaped holes are formed on the partition plate and around the periphery of the axial flange, and the side of the shaped holes facing away from the cutter head is formed into a tapered hole with the small end being the free end.

[0011] The internal and external pressure control components are matched one-to-one with the bores. Each component includes a plug whose outer peripheral surface is formed into a tapered annular surface that corresponds to a tapered hole on the bore, and a drive unit that drives the plug to move relative to the bore to selectively control the degree of sealing of the tapered hole. That is, the drive unit can drive the plug to move linearly and selectively control the degree of sealing of the tapered hole by the plug. The drive unit is fixedly mounted on the radial flange.

[0012] Optionally, protrusions corresponding to and matching the orifices are formed on the end face of the partition plate facing the pressure balance chamber. The tapered holes on the orifice are partially or entirely formed on the protrusions.

[0013] Optionally, the drive unit includes a transmission link and a lead screw drive assembly. The lead screw drive assembly includes a lead screw slider mechanism matched with a motor, and the slider body on the lead screw slider mechanism is fixedly connected to the transmission link. An end hole coaxial with the bore and capable of fixing and accommodating the lead screw drive assembly is provided on the radial flange body, and end caps and / or end caps are provided at both ends of the end hole.

[0014] One end of the transmission connecting rod passes through a shaft hole structure provided on the end cover or end cap, and extends out of the end hole to be fixedly connected to the plug. The other end of the transmission connecting rod extends into the end hole and is fixedly connected to the slider body in the lead screw drive assembly. When the lead screw drive assembly drives the slider body to slide in the end hole, it can drive the plug to move via the transmission connecting rod.

[0015] Optionally, the drive unit includes a transmission link, a permanent magnet, an electromagnet, and a spring. The radial flange body has two end holes, one coaxial with the bore and both countersunk, wherein end hole one is relatively close to the partition plate, and a connecting hole is provided between the two end holes.

[0016] An end cap is provided at the port of end hole one, and one end of the transmission connecting rod passes through the shaft hole structure provided on the end cap and is fixedly connected to the plug block; the other end of the transmission connecting rod passes through the connecting hole and extends into end hole two, and is equipped with nut component one. A spring is sleeved on the section of the transmission connecting rod that extends into end hole two. The two ends of the spring contact the inner bottom surface of end hole two and the end face of nut component one, respectively. An end cap is provided at the port of end hole two to seal the spring, nut component one, and transmission connecting rod in end hole two.

[0017] The permanent magnet is fixedly connected to the transmission link and placed inside the end hole. The electromagnet is fixed to the inner bottom surface of the end hole and, when energized, generates a repulsive force with the permanent magnet, causing the permanent magnet to move the transmission link to one side. When the electromagnet is de-energized, it moves synchronously to the other side with the transmission link using the elastic force of a spring, thereby controlling the reciprocating movement of the block. By controlling the power of the electromagnet, the magnitude of the repulsive force generated between it and the permanent magnet can be controlled, thus controlling the stroke of the transmission link relative to the end hole.

[0018] Optionally, an elastic pad is fixedly provided on the inner end face of the end cap.

[0019] Optionally, the annular plate includes a base plate fixedly connected to the end of the annular bladder, and a top plate connected to the base plate via a plurality of flexible connectors. Both the base plate and the top plate are annular, with the outer diameter of the base plate being larger than the outer diameter of the top plate and the inner diameter of the base plate being smaller than the inner diameter of the top plate.

[0020] The flexible connector supports the top plate, maintaining an axial distance between it and the substrate. The outer and inner circumferential surfaces of the substrate correspond to and match the two inner circumferential surfaces of the annular cavity, respectively, and are engaged in a surface contact manner.

[0021] Optionally, the flexible connector is a cylindrical spring body encased within an elastic waterproof membrane.

[0022] Optionally, a column is provided on the substrate to be inserted into and matched with one end of the flexible connector, and a countersunk hole is provided on the top plate to match the other end of the flexible connector, so that the other end of the flexible connector is inserted into the countersunk hole.

[0023] Optionally, the flexible connectors are distributed in two concentric rings in the radial direction, with each ring containing multiple flexible connectors. The flexible connectors arranged in the two rings are staggered.

[0024] Optionally, on the annular end face of the top plate away from the substrate, an annular arc surface is formed at both the inner and outer edges, and the arc of the arc surface extends in the radial direction.

[0025] The inner edge of the arc surface extending outward is flush with the end face of the top plate, and the outer edge extends to the middle of the outer circumference of the top plate; the inner edge of the arc surface extending inward is flush with the end face of the top plate, and the outer edge extends to the middle of the inner circumference of the top plate.

[0026] Optionally, a plurality of through grooves are provided on the annular end face of the top plate away from the substrate, which are distributed alternately around the circumference, and the two ends of the through grooves extend to the inner edges of the inner and outer arc surfaces, respectively.

[0027] The present invention also relates to a method of using the above-mentioned TBM-based construction device for traversing water-rich strata, comprising the following steps: Ⅰ) During operation, the external slurry pressure and the slurry pressure inside the tunnel boring machine head are detected in real time by the pressure sensor on the ring shell, and the difference between the two pressures is calculated. Ⅱ) Compare the calculated pressure difference in real time with the set warning threshold; Ⅲ) When the external slurry pressure is higher than the slurry pressure inside the tunnel boring machine head, and the difference between the two exceeds the warning threshold, the annular bladder is extended to reduce the volume of the pressure balance chamber. IV) When the slurry pressure inside the tunnel boring machine head is higher than the external slurry pressure, and the difference between the two exceeds the warning threshold, the drive unit adjusts the position of the plug block corresponding to the shaped hole, so that the gap between the conical annular surface and the conical hole increases.

[0028] In step III), if there is a radial gap between the plug and the conical hole, the plug is moved to completely seal the conical hole while the annular bladder is being elongated.

[0029] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention divides the pressure balance chamber by setting a partition plate inside the annular shell on the head of the tunnel boring machine for fixing the cutterhead, and sets an annular bladder, internal and external pressure control components and other structures in association with the pressure balance chamber. By controlling the action and state of these associated structures, adaptive balance adjustment of internal and external pressure can be achieved, and the balance adjustment of internal and external pressure can be achieved within a large range. This improves the ability of the tunnel boring machine to operate safely and reliably in water-rich and other unfavorable areas, and helps to prevent / reduce the occurrence of collapse accidents. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the external shape of the tunnel boring machine head involved in this invention.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the axial cross-sectional structure of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point I.

[0033] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at point AA.

[0034] Figure 5 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at point BB.

[0035] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the axial cross-sectional structure matching the axial flange, annular bladder, and annular plate.

[0036] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point II.

[0037] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the end face structure of the top plate.

[0038] In the diagram: 100 Tunnel boring machine head, 101 Ring shell; 200 Cutterhead; 10 Baffle, 11 Protrusion, 111 Type hole; 20 Pressure balance chamber, 21 Through hole; 30 Axial flange, 31 Annular cavity, 311 Plug-in terminal, 32 Radial flange, 321 End hole one, 3211 End cap, 3222 End hole two, 3221 End cap; 40 Annular bladder, 41 Annular plate, 411 Base plate, 412 Top plate, 4121 Arc surface, 4122 Countersunk hole, 4123 Through groove, 413 Flexible connector; 50 Internal and external pressure control assembly, 51 Plug, 511 Conical ring surface, 52 Transmission connecting rod, 521 Nut part one, 53 Permanent magnet part, 531 Nut part two, 54 Electromagnet part, 55 Spring. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The structures, proportions, and sizes illustrated in the accompanying drawings are merely for illustrative purposes and to aid those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the invention. They are not intended to limit the scope of the invention and therefore have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in proportions, or adjustments to size, provided they do not affect the effectiveness or purpose of the invention, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed herein. Furthermore, terms such as "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," and "middle" used in this specification are merely for clarity and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention's implementation.

[0040] like Figures 1 to 8The illustrated device for TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) construction through water-rich strata includes an annular housing 101 fixedly mounted on the head of the tunnel boring machine 100, a cutterhead 200 disposed on the outer end (left end) of the annular housing 101, a pressure sensing unit (including an inner pressure sensor and an outer pressure sensor) disposed on the annular housing 101, a spring-shaped annular bladder 40, and multiple inner and outer pressure control components 50. It should be noted that, referring to existing technology, the head of the tunnel boring machine 100 is provided with a pivot (not shown) that matches the cutterhead 200 to drive the cutterhead 200 disposed on the left end of the annular housing 101 to rotate relative to the annular housing 101; the pressure sensors in the pressure sensing unit are existing devices, used only in the technical solution of this application, and do not involve improvements to the pressure sensors themselves. Therefore, specific forms and installation arrangements can be selected by referring to existing technology, and will not be elaborated further.

[0041] A partition 10 is formed inside the annular housing 101, near the left end (i.e., near the end where the cutterhead 200 is located). A pivot hole is formed at the axial center of the partition 10, and a rotating shaft (drive shaft) that matches the cutterhead 200 extends to the left from inside the tunnel boring machine head 100, passes through the pivot hole, and matches the cutterhead 200.

[0042] The cavity between the partition 10 and the right end of the ring housing 101 forms a pressure balance cavity 20.

[0043] The annular housing 101 is provided with a plurality of through holes 21 that are distributed alternately around the circumference and can all communicate with the pressure balance chamber 20. The through holes 21 connect the outside (the space around the head of the tunnel boring machine 100) with the pressure balance chamber 20.

[0044] An axial flange 30 extending (to the right) into the pressure balancing cavity 20 is formed on the end face of the partition 10, surrounding the pivot hole. An axial distance is formed between the free end face of the axial flange 30 and the right end of the pressure balancing cavity 20. Generally, the axial extension length of the axial flange 30 is 2 / 5 to 3 / 5 of the axial extension length of the pressure balancing cavity 20. The outer diameter of the axial flange 30 is significantly smaller than the inner diameter of the annular housing 101.

[0045] The through-hole portion 21 is preferably located on the right side relative to the free end of the axial flange body 30, see [reference]. Figure 2 .

[0046] An annular cavity 31 is formed on the annular wall of the axial flange 30 to fix and accommodate the annular bladder 40, and the annular cavity 31 can be coaxially arranged with the axial flange 30.

[0047] The annular bladder 40 is connected to an external pumping station unit (through a pipeline), which can deliver inert gas into the cavity of the annular bladder 40 and extract inert gas from the cavity, allowing the axial length of the annular bladder 40 to expand and contract.

[0048] An annular plate 41 is fixedly provided at the outer end of the annular bladder 40, and the annular plate 41 can slide relative to the annular cavity 31 as the annular bladder 40 expands and contracts, allowing the annular plate 41 (axially) to move to different positions in the annular cavity 31 to adjust the volume of the pressure balance chamber 20. Annular seals and annular brushes are provided on both the outer and inner circumferential surfaces of the annular plate 41. The annular brushes are positioned relative to the annular seals towards the free port of the annular cavity 31. The annular plate 41 located at the outer end of the annular bladder 40 prevents excessive seepage of mud into the annular cavity 31, ensuring smooth expansion and contraction of the annular bladder 40; it also protects the annular bladder 40 from the impact of unstable fluids, promoting stable pressure on the outer end of the annular bladder 40 for a longer service life, and ensuring that the volume of the pressure balance chamber 20 remains stable at a small value.

[0049] Multiple (four shown in the figure) plug-in terminals 311 are distributed on the inner bottom surface of the annular cavity 31. These four plug-in terminals 311 are fixedly connected to the inner end of the annular bladder 40 to allow inert gas to be introduced into and extracted from the annular bladder 40, thereby controlling the expansion and contraction (i.e., axial elongation and shortening) of the annular bladder 40. The gas supply pipeline connected to the plug-in terminals 311 can be installed in / on the wall of the tunnel boring machine head 100, the wall of the annular housing 101, and the wall of the partition 10, so that the annular bladder 40 can be connected and matched with the pump station unit through the gas supply pipeline.

[0050] A radial flange 32 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the axial flange 30 near the free end (right end side), and a significant radial distance is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the radial flange 32 and the inner peripheral surface of the annular housing 101, that is, the outer diameter of the radial flange 32 is significantly smaller than the inner diameter of the annular housing 101. In the illustrated embodiment, the radial flange 32 is annular, and in other specific embodiments, the radial flange 32 may also be multiple flange arms distributed alternately around the circumference.

[0051] Multiple shaped holes 111 are formed on the partition plate 10 and around the periphery of the axial flange 30, and the right end of the shaped hole 111 (the end opposite to the cutter head 200) is formed as a tapered hole, and the end of the tapered hole near the pressure balance chamber 20 is a small opening / reduced opening.

[0052] The internal and external pressure control components 50 correspond one-to-one with the shaped holes 111, and each internal and external pressure control component 50 includes a plug block 51 and a drive unit fixed on the radial flange body 32. When the radial flange body 32 consists of multiple flange arms distributed alternately around the circumference, each drive unit in the multiple internal and external pressure control components 50 corresponds to and is fixed on each flange arm.

[0053] A tapered annular surface 511 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the plug 51, which corresponds to and matches the tapered hole (or tapered hole segment) on the orifice 111. The tapered annular surface segment on the plug 51 is inserted into the tapered hole, and the driving unit can drive the plug 51 to move relative to the orifice 111 (along the axial direction, i.e., along the left and right direction), thereby selectively controlling the degree of sealing of the tapered hole by the plug 51. That is, the driving unit can drive the plug 51 to reciprocate along a straight line, and can selectively control the degree of sealing of the tapered hole according to the changes in internal and external pressure.

[0054] In the above implementation scheme, the outer pressure sensor and the inner pressure sensor provided on the annular housing 101 can monitor the external (outer) mud and water pressure and the internal mud and water pressure in real time, respectively. When the external mud and water pressure is too high (i.e., the external mud and water pressure is significantly greater than the mud and water pressure inside the pressure balance chamber 20), the annular bladder 40 is controlled to extend (introducing inert gas into the bladder) to reduce the volume of the pressure balance chamber 20 and increase the pressure of the mud and water inside the pressure balance chamber 20, thereby achieving the effect of adaptively adjusting the external / outer and internal mud and water pressure balance. When the internal mud and water pressure is too high (i.e., the internal mud and water pressure is greater than the external mud and water pressure), the position of the plug 51 corresponding to the hole 111 is adjusted by the driving unit, so that a gap is generated between the conical annular surface 511 and the conical hole (on the hole 111) or the gap is relatively larger, so as to quickly release the mud and water inside the pressure balance chamber 20, and promote the mud and slurry in the pressure balance chamber 20 to flow to the outside quickly, thereby achieving the effect of releasing pressure and achieving pressure balance. In summary, by adjusting the extension and retraction (axial length) of the annular bladder 40 and the degree of sealing / blocking of the conical orifice by the plug 51, a balanced adjustment between external and internal mud-water pressure can be achieved over a wide range. When it is necessary to increase the internal mud-water pressure of the pressure balance chamber 20, if there is a radial gap between the plug 51 and the conical orifice, it is also necessary to control the movement of the plug 51 to seal the conical orifice.

[0055] On the end face of the partition plate 10 facing the pressure balance chamber 20, there are protrusions 11 that correspond one-to-one with the orifices 111. The tapered holes formed on the orifices 111 are partially or entirely formed on the protrusions 11.

[0056] In one embodiment, the drive unit includes a transmission link 52, a permanent magnet portion 53, an electromagnet portion 54, and a spring 55. The radial flange 32 has an end hole 321 and an end hole 322, both coaxial with the bore 111 and both countersunk holes, wherein the end hole 321 is located on the side relatively closer to the partition plate 10. A connecting hole is provided between the two end holes (end hole 321 and end hole 322).

[0057] An end cap 3211 is provided at the port of the first end hole 321, and one end of the transmission connecting rod 52 passes through the shaft hole structure provided on the end cap 3211 and is fixedly connected to the plug block 51. The other end of the transmission connecting rod 52 passes through the connecting hole and extends into the second end hole 322, and is provided with a nut 521.

[0058] The spring 55 is sleeved on a section of the transmission connecting rod 52 that extends into the end hole 322, and the two ends of the spring 55 are in contact with the inner bottom surface of the end hole 322 and the (right) end face of the nut 521, respectively.

[0059] The permanent magnet 53 is fixedly connected to the transmission link 52 and placed inside the end hole 321. The electromagnet 54 is fixed to the inner bottom surface of the end hole 321 and, when energized, generates a repulsive force with the permanent magnet 53. Using the magnetic repulsive force between the electromagnet 54 and the permanent magnet 53, the permanent magnet 53 is driven to move the transmission link 52 to the left (during which the spring 55 is gradually compressed). When the electromagnet 54 is de-energized, it moves synchronously to the right with the transmission link 52 using the elastic force of the spring 55, thereby controlling the reciprocating movement of the block 51. By controlling the power of the electromagnet 54, the magnitude of the repulsive force generated between it and the permanent magnet 53 can be controlled, thus controlling the stroke of the transmission link 52 relative to the end hole 321 (to the left). An annular flange is formed at the port of the second end hole 322, and an end cap 3221 is provided on the annular flange to seal the second end hole 322. Tightening the nut 521 can adjust the initial compression state of the spring 55. The permanent magnet part 53 and the electromagnet part 54 are both annular, and the inner diameter of the inner ring of the annular part is larger than the outer diameter of the transmission rod 52, so that the transmission rod 52 can be inserted into the second end hole 322 from left to right. The nut 531 is fixedly provided on the permanent magnet part 53, and the nut 531 is matched with the transmission rod 52 by a threaded structure, which can adjust the distance between the permanent magnet part 53 and the electromagnet part 54.

[0060] In another embodiment, the drive unit includes a transmission link 52 and a lead screw drive assembly. The lead screw drive assembly includes a lead screw slider mechanism matched with a (micro) motor, and the slider body in the lead screw slider mechanism is fixedly matched with the transmission link 52. Meanwhile, the radial flange 32 has an end hole coaxial with the bore 111 and capable of fixing and accommodating the lead screw drive assembly, and end caps 3211 and / or end caps 3221 are provided at both ends of the end hole. The motor and the matched lead screw slider mechanism are both fixedly disposed within the cavity of the end hole, and the two ends of the end hole are sealed by the end caps 3211 and / or end caps 3221 located at the two ports of the end hole.

[0061] One end of the transmission connecting rod 52 passes through the shaft hole structure provided on the end cover 3211 and extends out of the end hole to be fixedly connected to the plug 51. The other end of the transmission connecting rod 52 extends into the end hole and is fixedly connected to the slider body in the lead screw drive assembly. In this way, when the lead screw drive assembly drives the slider body to slide in the end hole (along the axial direction), it can drive the plug 51 to move via the transmission connecting rod 52, so that the conical annular surface 511 on the plug 51 corresponds to different positions in the conical hole to form gap channels of different sizes.

[0062] An elastic pad is fixedly provided on the inner end face of the end cover 3211 to prevent hard collision between the nut 531 and the end cover 3211. The transmission connecting rod 52 can reciprocate relative to the end cover 3211 in the axial direction (left and right direction). Multiple layers of sealing rings are fixedly provided on the inner wall of the shaft hole structure on the end cover 3211.

[0063] like Figures 6 to 8 As shown, the annular plate 41 includes a base plate 411 fixedly connected to the end of the annular bladder 40, and a top plate 412 connected to the base plate 411 by a plurality of flexible connectors 413. Both the base plate 411 and the top plate 412 are annular, with the outer diameter of the base plate 411 being larger than the outer diameter of the top plate 412, and the inner diameter of the base plate 411 being smaller than the inner diameter of the top plate 412.

[0064] After assembly, the axial extension direction of the substrate 411 and the axial extension direction of the top plate 412 are both consistent with the axial extension direction of the annular cavity 31, and the flexible connector 413 can support the top plate 412, maintaining an axial distance between it and the substrate 411. The outer and inner peripheral surfaces of the substrate 411 correspond and match with the two inner peripheral surfaces of the annular cavity 31 and are engaged in a form of surface contact.

[0065] By designing the annular plate 41 as a separate base plate 411 and top plate 412, the stress condition of the annular bladder 40 can be improved, the maximum impact force that the annular bladder 40 may bear during construction can be significantly reduced, the fluctuation range of deformation caused by impact pressure on the annular bladder 40 can be weakened, and the volume of the pressure balance chamber 20 can be relatively stabilized in a smaller range, which helps to improve the response sensitivity to the adjustment of internal and external pressure balance.

[0066] The flexible connector 413 may be a cylindrical spring body wrapped in an elastic waterproof membrane.

[0067] like Figures 6 to 8 As shown, a post is provided on the substrate 411 to be inserted into one end of the flexible connector 413, and a countersunk hole 4122 is provided on the top plate 412 to be inserted into the other end of the flexible connector 413, so that the other end of the flexible connector 413 is inserted into the countersunk hole 4122. The flexible connector 413 is arranged in two concentric rings in the radial direction, with each ring containing multiple flexible connectors 413. The flexible connectors 413 arranged in the two rings are staggered. See [reference needed]. Figure 8 The countersunk hole 4122 is installed in the middle.

[0068] To further optimize and improve the stress condition at the end of the annular bladder 40, annular arc surfaces 4121 can be formed on the annular end face (outer annular surface) of the top plate 412 facing away from the base plate 411 at both the inner and outer edges, and the arc of the arc surface 4121 extends radially. Simultaneously, the inner edge of the arc surface 4121 extending towards the outer edge is flush with the end face (annular end face) of the top plate 412, and the outer edge extends to the middle of the outer circumferential surface of the top plate 412; the inner edge of the arc surface 4121 extending towards the inner edge is flush with the end face (annular end face) of the top plate 412, and the outer edge extends to the middle of the inner circumferential surface of the top plate 412. By optimizing the outer annular structure of the top plate 412, the (fluid) impact force acting on the top plate 412 can be further dispersed and weakened, the burden on the flexible connector 413 (the intensity and frequency of the force it bears) can be reduced, and the force transmitted to the substrate 411 can be dispersed radially, which can significantly weaken the disturbance strength of the annular bladder 40, extend its service life and the degree of reliable connection between it and the plug-in terminal 311.

[0069] On the annular end face of the top plate away from the substrate, a plurality of through grooves 4123 are provided, arranged alternately around the circumference, with both ends of the through grooves 4123 extending to the inner edges of the inner and outer arc surfaces 4121, respectively. The through grooves 4123 can serve as a drainage function to balance the fluid state of the two arc surfaces 4121, so that the force on the top plate 412 is balanced and it is not easy for it to tilt significantly to one side.

[0070] The present invention also relates to a method of using the above-mentioned TBM-based construction device for traversing water-rich strata, comprising the following steps: Ⅰ) During operation, the external slurry pressure and the slurry pressure inside the tunnel boring machine head 100 (hereinafter referred to as internal slurry pressure) are detected in real time by the pressure sensor on the ring shell 101, and the difference between the two pressures is calculated. Ⅱ) Compare the difference between the calculated (internal and external) pressure values ​​in real time with the (pre-)set warning threshold; Ⅲ) When the external mud and water pressure is higher than the internal mud and water pressure (defined as a state with a large positive vector), and the difference between the two exceeds the warning threshold, the annular bladder 40 is controlled to extend to reduce the volume of the pressure balance chamber 20, thereby increasing the pressure inside the pressure balance chamber 20. IV) When the internal mud and water pressure is higher than the external mud and water pressure (defined as a state with a large negative vector), and the difference between the two exceeds the warning threshold, the drive unit adjusts the position of the plug 51 corresponding to the conical hole 111 (on the hole), so that the gap between the conical annular surface 511 and the conical hole increases, causing the mud and water in the pressure balance chamber 20 to flow out and releasing the pressure in the pressure balance chamber 20; In step III), if there is a radial gap between the plug 51 and the conical hole, the plug 51 is moved to completely block the conical hole while the annular bladder 40 is being extended.

[0071] In steps III) and IV above, after analyzing and determining whether the positive vector or the negative vector is larger, the pressure difference needs to be converted into an absolute value before being compared with the warning threshold. The description of the slurry pressure in the tunnel boring machine head 100 can also be replaced by the description of the slurry pressure in the pressure balance chamber 20.

[0072] In addition, after calculating the difference between the internal and external mud and water pressures (in both positive and negative directions), the amount / amplitude of the difference exceeding the warning threshold can be further analyzed. This allows for the calculation and control of the contraction change of the annular bladder 40, or the direction and stroke of the plug 51 (i.e., controlling the radial clearance opening amount and amplitude between the conical annular surface 511 and the conical hole), to ensure that the pressure balance adjustment process can quickly respond to a suitable balance state.

[0073] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Many aspects of the present invention can be improved without departing from the overall concept. Those skilled in the art can modify or change the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) construction through water-rich strata, comprising an annular housing (101) disposed on the head (100) of the tunnel boring machine, a cutterhead (200) disposed on the annular housing (101), and a pressure sensing unit disposed on the annular housing (101); characterized in that: It also includes a spring-shaped annular bladder (40) and multiple internal and external pressure control components (50). A partition (10) is formed inside the annular housing (101) and near the end where the cutter head (200) is located; the cavity between the partition (10) and the other end of the annular housing (101) is formed as a pressure balancing cavity (20); the annular housing (101) is provided with a plurality of through holes (21) that are distributed around the circumference and are all connected to the pressure balancing cavity (20). On the end face of the partition (10), an axial flange (30) extending into the pressure balance chamber (20) is formed, and a plurality of holes (111) are distributed around the axial flange (30); a tapered hole is formed on the end side of the hole (111) near the pressure balance chamber (20); An annular cavity (31) for fixing and accommodating an annular bladder (40) is formed on the axial flange (30); an annular plate (41) is provided at the outer end of the annular bladder (40) so that the annular plate (41) can slide relative to the annular cavity (31) as the annular bladder (40) expands and contracts; a radial flange (32) is formed on the outer circumferential surface of the axial flange (30); the outer diameter of the radial flange (32) is smaller than the inner diameter of the annular shell (101); The internal and external pressure control components (50) are matched one-to-one with the bore (111), including a plug (51) whose outer peripheral surface is formed as a conical annular surface (511) that can be matched with the conical bore, and a drive unit that can drive the plug (51) to move relative to the bore (111) to control the degree of sealing of the conical bore; the drive unit is provided on the radial flange (32).

2. The TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) device for traversing water-rich strata according to claim 1, characterized in that: On the end face of the partition (10) facing the pressure balance chamber (20), there are protrusions (11) that correspond one-to-one with the shaped hole (111); the tapered hole formed on the shaped hole (111) is partially or entirely formed on the protrusion (11).

3. The TBM construction device for traversing water-rich strata according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive unit includes a transmission link (52) and a lead screw drive assembly; the lead screw drive assembly includes a lead screw slider mechanism matched with a motor; The radial flange (32) is provided with an end hole coaxial with the bore (111) and capable of fixing and housing the lead screw drive assembly, and end caps (3211) and / or end caps (3221) are provided at both ends of the end hole; one end of the transmission link (52) passes through the shaft hole structure provided on the end cap (3211) or end cap (3221) and extends to the outside of the end hole and is fixedly connected to the plug (51); the other end of the transmission link (52) extends into the end hole and is fixedly connected to the slider body in the lead screw drive assembly; When the lead screw drive assembly drives the slider to slide in the end hole, it can drive the piston block (51) to move via the transmission link (52).

4. The TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) device for traversing water-rich strata according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive unit includes a transmission link (52), a permanent magnet (53), an electromagnet (54), and a spring (55); the radial flange (32) is provided with end hole one (321) and end hole two (322), which are coaxial with the shaped hole (111) and are countersunk holes, wherein end hole one (321) is relatively close to the partition (10), and a connecting hole is provided between the two end holes; An end cap (3211) is provided at the port of end hole one (321), and one end of the transmission connecting rod (52) passes through the shaft hole structure provided on the end cap (3211) and is fixedly connected to the plug (51); the other end of the transmission connecting rod (52) passes through the connecting hole and extends into end hole two (322), and is provided with nut part one (521); spring (55) is sleeved on the section of the transmission connecting rod (52) that extends into end hole two (322), and both ends are in contact with the inner bottom surface of end hole two (322) and the end face of nut part one (521) respectively; an end cap (3221) is provided at the port of end hole two (322). The permanent magnet part (53) is fixedly connected to the transmission link (52) and placed inside the end hole (321); the electromagnet part (54) is fixed on the inner bottom surface of the end hole (321) and can generate a repulsive force with the permanent magnet part (53) when energized.

5. The TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) device for traversing water-rich strata according to claim 4, characterized in that: An elastic pad is fixedly provided on the inner end face of the end cap (3211).

6. The TBM construction device for traversing water-rich strata according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular plate (41) includes a base plate (411) fixedly connected to the end of the annular bladder (40), and a top plate (412) connected to the base plate (411) by a plurality of flexible connectors (413); both the base plate (411) and the top plate (412) are annular, and the outer diameter of the base plate (411) is larger than the outer diameter of the top plate (412), and the inner diameter of the base plate (411) is smaller than the inner diameter of the top plate (412); The flexible connector (413) can support the top plate (412) so that there is an axial distance between it and the substrate (411); the outer and inner peripheral surfaces of the substrate (411) correspond to and match the two inner peripheral surfaces of the annular cavity (31) and are engaged in the form of surface contact.

7. The TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) device for traversing water-rich strata according to claim 6, characterized in that: The flexible connector (413) is a cylindrical spring body wrapped in an elastic waterproof membrane.

8. The TBM construction device for traversing water-rich strata according to claim 6, characterized in that: The flexible connectors (413) are distributed in two rings in the radial direction, and each ring contains multiple flexible connectors (413); the flexible connectors (413) arranged in the two rings are staggered.

9. A TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) device for traversing water-rich strata according to claim 6, characterized in that: On the annular end face of the top plate (412) away from the substrate (411), an annular arc surface (4121) is formed at both the inner and outer edges, and the arc of the arc surface (4121) extends in the radial direction. The inner edge of the arc surface (4121) extending outward is flush with the end face of the top plate (412), and the outer edge extends to the middle of the outer peripheral surface of the top plate (412); the inner edge of the arc surface (4121) extending inward is flush with the end face of the top plate (412), and the outer edge extends to the middle of the inner peripheral surface of the top plate (412).

10. A method of using the TBM construction device for traversing water-rich strata according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Ⅰ) During the operation, the external slurry pressure and the slurry pressure inside the tunnel boring machine head (100) are detected in real time by the pressure sensing unit set on the ring shell (101), and the difference between the two pressures is calculated. Ⅱ) Compare the calculated pressure difference in real time with the set warning threshold; Ⅲ) When the external slurry pressure is higher than the slurry pressure inside the tunnel boring machine head (100), and the difference between the two exceeds the warning threshold, the annular bladder (40) is extended to reduce the volume of the pressure balance chamber (20). IV) When the slurry pressure inside the tunnel boring machine head (100) is higher than the external slurry pressure, and the difference between the two exceeds the warning threshold, the drive unit adjusts the position of the plug (51) corresponding to the hole (111) to increase the gap between the conical annular surface (511) and the conical hole.

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