Portable multifunctional rock mechanics testing machine and method

Abstract

The invention provides a portable multifunctional rock mechanics testing machine and method, and relates to the technical field of rock mechanics tests. According to the portable multifunctional rock mechanics testing machine, an expansion test assembly, a uniaxial compression test assembly, a point load test assembly, an indentation test assembly or a compression-shear test assembly are selectively arranged between a telescopic rod of a loading oil cylinder and / or a force transducer. The testing machine disclosed by the invention is simple and light in structure, and can be conveniently carried to an engineering site to carry out a rock mechanical test, so that on-site loading and data acquisition of a rock sample are realized; the tester can accurately control stress and strain conditions and can realize stable and uniform loading and unloading on site so as to obtain a reliable test result; the testing machine integrates multifunctional testing, and different testing assemblies are matched with an expansion test, a uniaxial compression test, a point load test, an indentation test or a compression-shear test, so that multi-parameter testing is realized aiming at different rock sample conditions.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of rock mechanics test, in particular to a portable multifunctional rock mechanics testing machine and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of mining engineering and geological engineering, rock mechanics test is the main testing technique for studying the mechanical properties and failure characteristics of rock. The test site of rock mechanics test is usually divided into laboratory indoor test and field test. At present, most rock mechanics tests adopt indoor test method. The indoor rock mechanics testing machine has the advantages of stable loading and control, can complete tests under various loading conditions, and realize the acquisition of multiple mechanical parameters of rock mass. However, the transportation of rock samples for a long time will change the water content and weathering degree of the rock samples, which will greatly affect the test results. Field test has the characteristics of convenient sampling and short cycle, and can obtain the characteristics of rock mass at the first time, providing timely reference for the implementation of engineering scheme.

[0003] Field test puts forward higher requirements for the test device. On the one hand, the test device should be portable and independent, and can realize independent field loading and data acquisition and other test work, and can be conveniently carried to various engineering sites for rapid testing. On the other hand, the performance of the test device should meet the testing requirements, and the testing machine should be able to accurately control the stress and strain conditions, and realize stable and uniform loading and unloading in the field to obtain reliable test results. In addition, there are many rock mass parameters required by engineering design and construction, and the working conditions of rock samples are different. How to realize multi-parameter test for different rock sample conditions and integrate multi-function test into one is also an important problem to be solved for the popularization and practicality of field test device. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to provide a portable multifunctional rock mechanics testing machine and method, which can conveniently perform rock mechanics test on site, meet the performance requirements of test, and realize multi-parameter test of rock samples.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0006] A portable multifunctional rock mechanics testing machine comprises:

[0007] a base;

[0008] a rack arranged on the base;

[0009] a loading oil cylinder arranged at the lower end of the rack, and the telescopic rod of the loading oil cylinder is arranged vertically;

[0010] a vertical displacement sensor for monitoring the displacement of the telescopic rod of the loading oil cylinder relative to the cylinder body.

[0011] a force sensor arranged at the upper end of the frame;

[0012] a manual hydraulic unit connected to the loading cylinder through a hydraulic pipeline to drive the telescopic rod of the loading cylinder to extend or retract relative to the cylinder body;

[0013] a data acquisition instrument connected to the vertical displacement sensor and the force sensor;

[0014] The telescopic rod of the loading cylinder and / or the force sensor are selectively arranged with an expansion test assembly, a uniaxial compression test assembly, a point load test assembly, an indentation test assembly or a compression-shear test assembly.

[0015] Further, the manual hydraulic unit comprises a manual hydraulic pump and a hydraulic controller, the output end of the manual hydraulic pump is connected to the hydraulic controller through a hydraulic pipeline, and the hydraulic controller is connected to the loading cylinder through a hydraulic pipeline.

[0016] Further, the manual hydraulic pump comprises a high-pressure cylinder and a connecting barrel arranged in sequence along the axial direction; the high-pressure cylinder is connected to the hydraulic controller through a hydraulic pipeline, and a piston is slidably fitted in the high-pressure cylinder; a push seat is slidably fitted in the connecting barrel, the push seat is connected to the piston, a nut is arranged on the push seat, a screw rod is rotatably connected to the connecting barrel, the screw rod is matched with the nut, and a handle assembly is arranged at one end of the screw rod.

[0017] Further, the handle assembly comprises a handle wheel and a handle, the handle wheel is arranged at one end of the screw rod, and a plurality of handles are arranged in the circumferential direction of the handle wheel.

[0018] Further, the expansion test assembly comprises a water immersion sleeve seat, a constraint sleeve, a water permeable pad, a water immersion sleeve and a first upper pressing pad.

[0019] The lower end of the water immersion sleeve seat is used to connect the telescopic rod of the loading cylinder, the constraint sleeve is placed on the water immersion sleeve seat, the constraint sleeve is used to put the rock sample, the water permeable material is arranged on the upper and lower ends of the constraint sleeve and adheres to the rock sample, and the water permeable pad is arranged on the outer end of the water permeable material at the upper and lower ends of the constraint sleeve.

[0020] The lower end of the water immersion sleeve is connected to the edge position of the water immersion sleeve seat, and the constraint sleeve is located inside the water immersion sleeve.

[0021] The upper end of the first upper pressing pad is used to connect the force sensor, and the first upper pressing pad acts on the water permeable pad at the upper end of the constraint sleeve.

[0022] Further, the uniaxial compression test assembly comprises a first lower pressing pad, a second upper pressing pad and a ring-shaped displacement sensor.

[0023] The lower end of the first lower pressing pad is used to connect the telescopic rod of the loading oil cylinder, the upper end of the second upper pressing pad is used to connect the force sensor, and the rock sample is placed between the first lower pressing pad and the second upper pressing pad.

[0024] Further, the point load test assembly comprises a first lower pressing head and a first upper pressing head, the upper end of the first lower pressing head and the lower end of the first upper pressing head are provided in a tapered structure;

[0025] The lower end of the first lower pressing head is used to connect the telescopic rod of the loading oil cylinder, the upper end of the first upper pressing head is used to connect the force sensor, and the rock sample is placed between the first lower pressing head and the first upper pressing head.

[0026] Further, the indentation test assembly comprises a second lower pressing pad and a second upper pressing head, the lower end of the second upper pressing head is provided in a tapered structure;

[0027] The lower end of the second lower pressing pad is used to connect the telescopic rod of the loading oil cylinder, the upper end of the second upper pressing head is used to connect the force sensor, and the rock sample is placed between the second lower pressing pad and the second upper pressing head.

[0028] Further, the compression-shear test assembly comprises a second lower pressing head and a third upper pressing head, the upper end of the second lower pressing head and the lower end of the third upper pressing head are provided in an L-shaped structure;

[0029] The lower end of the second lower pressing head is used to connect the telescopic rod of the loading oil cylinder, the upper end of the third upper pressing head is used to connect the force sensor, and the rock sample is placed between the second lower pressing head and the third upper pressing head.

[0030] A rock mechanics test method, using the above-mentioned portable multifunctional rock mechanics testing machine, the method selectively performs expansion test, uniaxial compression test, point load test, indentation test or compression-shear test:

[0031] I. Expansion test

[0032] S11, connect the telescopic rod of the loading oil cylinder with the water immersion sleeve seat, measure the initial height H0 of the rock sample, place the rock sample in the constraint sleeve, place the constraint sleeve on the water immersion sleeve seat, set the water permeable material on the upper and lower ends of the constraint sleeve and adhere to the rock sample, set the water permeable pad on the upper and lower ends of the constraint sleeve and at the outer end of the water permeable material, connect the lower end of the water immersion sleeve to the edge position of the water immersion sleeve seat, and make the constraint sleeve inside the water immersion sleeve, and connect the upper end of the first upper pressing pad to the force sensor.

[0033] S12, rotate the handle in the forward direction to drive the manual hydraulic pump to operate and pressurize, the telescopic rod of the loading oil cylinder drives the water immersion sleeve seat to move upwards, when the first upper pressing pad contacts and constrains the water permeable pad at the upper end of the constraint sleeve, the manual hydraulic pump pauses pressurization, the displacement data monitored by the vertical displacement sensor and the pressure data monitored by the force sensor collected by the data acquisition instrument are cleared, and then the manual hydraulic pump continues to pressurize to the preloading pressure value;

[0034] S13, inject water into the water immersion sleeve from the upper end of the water immersion sleeve until the water covers the constraint sleeve, and after standing for a set time, collect the displacement data change through the data acquisition instrument;

[0035] S14, rock swelling force test and rock swelling rate test

[0036] During the rock swelling force test, when the displacement data change collected by the acquisition instrument exceeds the set value, change the loading pressure value of the manual hydraulic pump to make the displacement data collected by the acquisition instrument return to normal, so that the thickness of the rock sample remains unchanged during the test, and when the displacement data change collected by the acquisition instrument for a plurality of times within a set time is less than the set value, it is considered stable and the maximum pressure data value collected by the acquisition instrument is recorded as the swelling force P e ;

[0037] During the rock swelling rate test, when the displacement data change collected by the acquisition instrument for a plurality of times within a set time is less than the set value, it is considered stable and the final displacement value ΔH collected by the acquisition instrument is recorded, and then the rock swelling rate under lateral constraint is

[0038] S15, rotate the handle in the reverse direction to drive the manual hydraulic pump to depressurize, the telescopic rod of the loading oil cylinder drives the water immersion sleeve seat to move downwards to reset, and the test is completed;

[0039] II. Uniaxial compression test

[0040] S21, connect the first lower pressing pad to the telescopic rod of the loading oil cylinder, connect the second upper pressing pad to the force sensor, arrange the circumferential displacement sensor at the middle position of the rock sample, and place the rock sample on the first lower pressing pad;

[0041] S22, rotate the handle in the forward direction to drive the manual hydraulic pump to operate and pressurize, the telescopic rod of the loading oil cylinder drives the first lower pressing pad to move upwards, and when the second upper pressing pad contacts the rock sample, the manual hydraulic pump pauses pressurization, and the displacement data monitored by the vertical displacement sensor and the pressure data monitored by the force sensor collected by the data acquisition instrument are cleared;

[0042] S23, the manual hydraulic pump continues to pressurize to make the first lower pressing pad move upwards at a constant speed until the rock sample is damaged, and in this process, the data acquisition instrument collects displacement and pressure data; wherein the displacement data collected by the data acquisition instrument includes vertical displacement data monitored by the vertical displacement sensor and circumferential displacement data monitored by the circumferential displacement sensor;

[0043] S24, reverse rotation handle to drive the manual hydraulic pump to unload pressure, the extension rod of the loading cylinder drives the first lower pad to move down and reset, the test is over;

[0044] Three, point load test

[0045] S31, connect the first lower head to the extension rod of the loading cylinder, connect the first upper head to the force sensor, and place the rock sample on the first lower head;

[0046] S32, forward rotation handle to drive the manual hydraulic pump to run and pressurize, the extension rod of the loading cylinder drives the first lower head to move up, when the first upper head contacts the rock sample, the manual hydraulic pump pauses to pressurize, and the displacement data monitored by the vertical displacement sensor and the pressure data monitored by the force sensor collected by the data acquisition instrument are cleared;

[0047] S33, the manual hydraulic pump continues to pressurize to make the first lower head move up at a constant speed until the rock sample is damaged, and in this process, the data acquisition instrument collects displacement and pressure data;

[0048] S34, reverse rotation handle to drive the manual hydraulic pump to unload pressure, the extension rod of the loading cylinder drives the first lower head to move down and reset, the test is over;

[0049] Four, indentation test

[0050] S41, connect the second lower pad to the extension rod of the loading cylinder, connect the second upper head to the force sensor, and place the rock sample on the second lower pad;

[0051] S42, forward rotation handle to drive the manual hydraulic pump to run and pressurize, the extension rod of the loading cylinder drives the second lower pad to move up, when the second upper head contacts the rock sample, the manual hydraulic pump pauses to pressurize, and the displacement data monitored by the vertical displacement sensor and the pressure data monitored by the force sensor collected by the data acquisition instrument are cleared;

[0052] S43, the manual hydraulic pump continues to pressurize to make the second lower pad move up at a constant speed to the set displacement, and in this process, the data acquisition instrument collects displacement and pressure data;

[0053] S44, reverse rotation handle to drive the manual hydraulic pump to unload pressure, the extension rod of the loading cylinder drives the second lower pad to move down and reset, the test is over;

[0054] Five, compression-shear test

[0055] S51, connect the second lower head to the extension rod of the loading cylinder, connect the third upper head to the force sensor, and place the rock sample on the second lower head;

[0056] S52, rotate the handle in the forward direction to drive the manual hydraulic pump to operate pressurization, the telescopic rod of the loading cylinder drives the second lower pressing head to move up, when the third upper pressing head contacts the rock sample, the manual hydraulic pump pauses pressurization, and the displacement data monitored by the vertical displacement sensor and the pressure data monitored by the force sensor collected by the data acquisition instrument are cleared;

[0057] S53, the manual hydraulic pump continues to pressurize to make the second lower pressing head move up at a constant speed until the rock sample is sheared and damaged, and in this process, the data acquisition instrument collects displacement and pressure data;

[0058] S54, rotate the handle in the reverse direction to drive the manual hydraulic pump to depressurize, the telescopic rod of the loading cylinder drives the second lower pressing head to move down and reset, and the test is completed.

[0059] The beneficial technical effects of the present application are:

[0060] The portable multifunctional rock mechanics testing machine and method of the present application have simple and light structure, can be conveniently carried to the engineering site for rock mechanics test, realize on-site loading and data acquisition of the rock sample, can accurately control stress and strain conditions, can realize stable and uniform loading and unloading on site to obtain reliable test results, and integrates multifunctional test, and through different test components, expansion test, uniaxial compression test, point load test, indentation test or compression shear test are matched to realize multi-parameter test for different rock sample conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0061] Figure 1 Fig. 1 is a structural schematic view of the portable multifunctional rock mechanics testing machine of the embodiment of the present application;

[0062] Figure 2 Fig. 2 is a structural schematic view of the loading host loading the expansion test component of the embodiment of the present application;

[0063] Figure 3 Fig. 3 is a structural schematic view of the expansion test component of the embodiment of the present application;

[0064] Figure 4 Fig. 4 is a structural schematic view of the loading host loading the uniaxial compression test component of the embodiment of the present application;

[0065] Figure 5 Fig. 5 is a structural schematic view of the loading host loading the point load test component of the embodiment of the present application;

[0066] Figure 6 Fig. 6 is a structural schematic view of the loading host loading the indentation test component of the embodiment of the present application;

[0067] Figure 7 Fig. 7 is a structural schematic view of the loading host loading the compression shear test component of the embodiment of the present application;

[0068] Reference signs:

[0069] 1, loading host, 2, rack, 3, support column, 4, base, 5, foot bolt, 6, force sensor, 7, sensor upper assembly seat, 8, sensor lower assembly seat, 9, loading cylinder, 10, telescopic rod, 11, vertical displacement sensor, 12, data acquisition instrument, 13, manual hydraulic unit, 14, fixing seat, 15, high-pressure cylinder, 16, connecting barrel, 17, piston, 18, nut, 19, bearing, 20, screw rod, 21, handle wheel, 22, handle, 23, fixing nut, 24, hydraulic controller, 31, immersion sleeve seat, 32, immersion sleeve, 33, upper water-permeable pad, 34, restraint sleeve, 35, lower water-permeable pad, 36, first upper pressing pad, 37, water-permeable stone, 38, water-permeable cloth, 41, second upper pressing pad, 42, first lower pressing pad, 43, ring displacement sensor, 51, first upper pressing head, 52, first lower pressing head, 61, second upper pressing head, 62, second lower pressing pad, 71, third upper pressing head, 72, second lower pressing head. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0070] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and with reference to the drawings. Some embodiments of the present application will be described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings, of which some but not all embodiments will be shown. In fact, the various embodiments of the present application can be implemented in a multitude of different forms, and should not be construed as limited to the number of set out embodiments; rather, these embodiments are provided so that the present application meets the applicable legal requirements.

[0071] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "inner", "outer", "upper", "lower", "front", "back" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0072] In the embodiments of the present application, a portable multifunctional rock mechanics testing machine and method are provided, please refer to Figures 1 to 7 as shown.

[0073] A portable multifunctional rock mechanics testing machine, comprising a loading host 1, a manual hydraulic unit 13 and a data acquisition instrument 12, etc.

[0074] The loading host 1 comprises a base 4, a rack 2, a loading cylinder 9, a vertical displacement sensor 11, a force sensor 6, etc. The base 4 is provided with a level meter, and each of the four corners of the base 4 is provided with a foot bolt 5. The base 4 is horizontally calibrated by adjusting the height of each foot bolt 5 through the level meter.

[0075] The lower end of the rack 2 is connected to the base 4 through a support column 3, and a fitting space is left between the rack 2 and the base 4 for fitting the loading cylinder 9. The cylinder body of the loading cylinder 9 is fitted to the lower end of the rack 2, and the cylinder body of the loading cylinder 9 is located in the fitting space, and the telescopic rod 10 of the loading cylinder 9 is arranged vertically.

[0076] The vertical displacement sensor 11 is arranged on the rack 2 and is used to monitor the displacement of the telescopic rod 10 of the loading cylinder 9 relative to the cylinder body. The vertical displacement sensor 11 is arranged as an LVDT displacement sensor, the lower end of the rack 2 is provided with a sensor lower fitting seat 8, one side of the telescopic rod 10 of the loading cylinder 9 is provided with a sensor upper fitting seat 7, and the upper and lower ends of the vertical displacement sensor 11 are connected to the sensor upper fitting seat 7 and the sensor lower fitting seat 8, respectively. In addition, the sensor lower fitting seat 8 is provided with a guide rod arranged vertically, and the sensor upper fitting seat 7 is provided with a guide sleeve which is slidingly fitted with the guide rod. The guide sleeve and the guide rod are cooperated to realize the guiding of the extension and retraction of the upper and lower ends of the vertical displacement sensor 11.

[0077] The force sensor 6 is arranged at the upper end of the rack 2 and is located directly above the telescopic rod 10. The force sensor 6 is arranged as a plate type force sensor.

[0078] The manual hydraulic unit 13 is connected to the loading cylinder 9 through a hydraulic pipeline to drive the telescopic rod 10 of the loading cylinder 9 to extend and retract relative to the cylinder body.

[0079] The manual hydraulic unit 13 comprises a manual hydraulic pump and a hydraulic controller 24 (control panel), the output end of the manual hydraulic pump is connected to the hydraulic controller 24 through a hydraulic pipeline, and the hydraulic controller 24 is connected to the loading cylinder 9 through a hydraulic pipeline.

[0080] Specifically, the manual hydraulic pump comprises a high-pressure cylinder 15 and a connecting barrel 16 arranged in sequence along the axial direction, and the high-pressure cylinder 15 and the connecting barrel 16 are arranged on a fixed seat 14. The high-pressure cylinder 15 is connected to the hydraulic controller 24 through a hydraulic pipeline, and a piston 17 is slidingly fitted in the high-pressure cylinder 15. A pusher seat is slidingly fitted in the connecting barrel 16, the front end of the pusher seat is connected to the piston 17 through a transition piece, and a nut 18 is arranged on the pusher seat. The two ends of a lead screw 20 are rotatably connected to the connecting barrel 16 through bearings 19, the lead screw 20 is arranged along the axial direction of the connecting barrel 16, the lead screw 20 is cooperated with the nut 18, and one end of the lead screw 20 is provided with a handle assembly.

[0081] The handle assembly comprises a handle wheel 21 and handles 22. The handle wheel 21 is arranged at one end of the lead screw 20, and a plurality of handles 22 are arranged around the handle wheel 21. A user holds the handles 22 to drive the handle wheel 21 to rotate, so as to drive the lead screw 20 to rotate, and then drive the pusher to slide forward and backward in the connecting cylinder 16. The pusher slides relative to the connecting cylinder 16 to drive the piston 17 to move in the high-pressure oil cylinder 15, so as to pressurize the hydraulic oil in the high-pressure oil cylinder 15, and then deliver the high-pressure hydraulic oil to the loading oil cylinder 9 through the hydraulic pipeline.

[0082] One end of the lead screw 20 is provided with an assembly end, and the handle wheel 21 is detachably connected to the one end of the lead screw 20. In this embodiment, the one end of the lead screw 20 is sequentially provided with an outer square and an outer thread from inside to outside, and the handle wheel 21 is provided with an inner square from the middle position to the inside. The inner square of the handle wheel 21 matches the outer square, and the outer thread of the outer end of the lead screw 20 is assembled with a fixing nut 23. In this way, the detachable connection of the handle wheel 21 and the lead screw 20 is realized, and the connection is firm. Moreover, a larger torque can be applied to the lead screw 20 through the handles 22, so that the hydraulic oil in the high-pressure oil cylinder 15 can be easily pressurized.

[0083] The data acquisition instrument 12 is signal-connected to the vertical displacement sensor 11 and the force sensor 6 through a signal cable.

[0084] The expansion test assembly, the uniaxial compression test assembly, the point load test assembly, the indentation test assembly or the compression-shear test assembly is selectively arranged between the telescopic rod 10 of the loading oil cylinder 9 and / or the force sensor 6.

[0085] The expansion test assembly comprises a water immersion sleeve base 31, a constraint sleeve 34, water permeable pads (an upper water permeable pad 33 and a lower water permeable pad 35), a water immersion sleeve 32 and a first upper pressing pad 36. The lower end of the water immersion sleeve base 31 is provided with a circular groove, and the lower end of the water immersion sleeve base 31 is connected to the telescopic rod 10 of the loading oil cylinder 9 through the circular groove. The constraint sleeve 34 is placed on the water immersion sleeve base 31, and the constraint sleeve 34 is used to accommodate the rock sample. The constraint sleeve 34 is provided with water permeable materials (water permeable stones 37 and water permeable cloth 38) at the upper and lower ends and in contact with the rock sample, wherein the constraint sleeve 34 is provided with water permeable stones 37 at the upper end and in contact with the rock sample, and the constraint sleeve 34 is provided with water permeable cloth 38 at the lower end and in contact with the rock sample. The constraint sleeve 34 is provided with water permeable pads at the upper and lower ends and at the outer ends of the water permeable materials, wherein the constraint sleeve 34 is provided with an upper water permeable pad 33 at the upper end and at the outer end of the water permeable stone 37, and the constraint sleeve 34 is provided with a lower water permeable pad 35 at the lower end and at the outer end of the water permeable cloth 38. The upper water permeable pad 33 and the lower water permeable pad 35 are both cylindrical structures, and the upper water permeable pad 33 and the lower water permeable pad 35 are provided with water permeable channels that penetrate upward and downward, which are in the form of sunken grooves, so as to facilitate the water to permeate into the rock sample. The lower end of the water immersion sleeve 32 is connected to the edge position of the water immersion sleeve base 31, and the constraint sleeve 34 is located inside the water immersion sleeve 32, wherein the lower end of the water immersion sleeve 32 is sealingly connected to the edge position of the water immersion sleeve base 31 through a sealing ring. The water immersion sleeve 32 is made of organic glass material, so as to facilitate the user to observe the amount of water injected into the water immersion sleeve 32. The upper end of the first upper pressing pad 36 is used to connect the force sensor 6, and the first upper pressing pad 36 acts on the upper water permeable pad 33 at the upper end of the constraint sleeve 34.

[0086] The uniaxial compression test assembly comprises a first lower pressing pad 42, a second upper pressing pad 41 and a ring displacement sensor 43. The lower end of the first lower pressing pad 42 is provided with a circular groove, and the lower end of the first lower pressing pad 42 is connected to the telescopic rod 10 of the loading oil cylinder 9 through the circular groove. The upper end of the second upper pressing pad 41 is used to connect the force sensor 6, and the rock sample is placed between the first lower pressing pad 42 and the second upper pressing pad 41. The ring displacement sensor 43 is used to be arranged at the middle position of the rock sample, and the data acquisition instrument 12 is signal connected to the ring displacement sensor 43 through a signal cable.

[0087] The point load test assembly comprises a first lower pressing head 52 and a first upper pressing head 51, and the upper end of the first lower pressing head 52 and the lower end of the first upper pressing head 51 are provided in the form of a tapered structure. The lower end of the first lower pressing head 52 is provided with a circular groove, and the lower end of the first lower pressing head 52 is connected to the telescopic rod 10 of the loading oil cylinder 9 through the circular groove. The upper end of the first upper pressing head 51 is used to connect the force sensor 6, and the rock sample is placed between the first lower pressing head 52 and the first upper pressing head 51.

[0088] The indentation test assembly comprises a second lower pressing pad 62 and a second upper pressing head 61, and the lower end of the second upper pressing head 61 is provided in a tapered structure. The lower end of the second lower pressing pad 62 is provided with a circular groove, and the lower end of the second lower pressing pad 62 is connected to the telescopic rod 10 of the loading oil cylinder 9 through the circular groove. The upper end of the second upper pressing head 51 is used for connecting the force sensor 6, and the second lower pressing pad 62 and the second upper pressing head 61 are used for placing the rock sample.

[0089] The compression-shear test assembly comprises a second lower pressing head 72 and a third upper pressing head 71, and the upper end of the second lower pressing head 72 and the lower end of the third upper pressing head 71 are provided in an L-shaped structure. The lower end of the second lower pressing head 72 is provided with a circular groove, and the lower end of the second lower pressing head 72 is connected to the telescopic rod 10 of the loading oil cylinder 9 through the circular groove. The upper end of the third upper pressing head 71 is used for connecting the force sensor 6, and the second lower pressing head 72 and the third upper pressing head 71 are used for placing the rock sample.

[0090] A rock mechanics test method, which uses the portable multifunctional rock mechanics testing machine described above, selectively performs an expansion test, a uniaxial compression test, a point load test, an indentation test or a compression-shear test.

[0091] I. Expansion test

[0092] S11, connect the water immersion sleeve seat 31 to the telescopic rod 10 of the loading oil cylinder 9, measure the initial height H0 of the rock sample, place the rock sample in the constraint sleeve 34, place the constraint sleeve 34 on the water immersion sleeve seat 31, provide water permeable materials on the upper and lower ends of the constraint sleeve 34 and in contact with the rock sample, provide water permeable pads on the upper and lower ends of the constraint sleeve 34 and outside the water permeable materials, connect the lower end of the water immersion sleeve 32 to the edge position of the water immersion sleeve seat 31, and make the constraint sleeve 34 inside the water immersion sleeve 32, and connect the upper end of the first upper pressing pad 36 to the force sensor 6;

[0093] S12, rotate the handle 22 in the forward direction to drive the manual hydraulic pump to operate the pressurization, and the telescopic rod 10 of the loading oil cylinder 9 drives the water immersion sleeve seat 31 to move upward, when the first upper pressing pad 36 contacts the water permeable pad on the upper end of the constraint sleeve 34, the manual hydraulic pump stops pressurizing, and the displacement data monitored by the vertical displacement sensor 11 and the pressure data monitored by the force sensor 6 collected by the data acquisition instrument 12 are cleared, and then the manual hydraulic pump continues to pressurize to a preloading pressure value (10 kPa);

[0094] S13, inject water into the water immersion sleeve 32 from the upper end of the water immersion sleeve 32 until the water covers the constraint sleeve 34, and after standing for a set time (5-10 min), collect the displacement data change through the data acquisition instrument 12;

[0095] S14, rock expansion force test and rock expansion rate test

[0096] During the rock swelling force test, when the displacement data collected by the data collector 12 changes more than the set value (0.1mm), the loading pressure value of the manual hydraulic pump is changed, so that the displacement data collected by the data collector 12 returns to keep the thickness of the rock sample unchanged during the test. When the displacement data collected by the data collector continuously for several times (3 times) within the set time (1h) is less than the set value (0.01mm), it is considered stable, and the maximum pressure data value collected by the data collector 12 is recorded as the swelling force P e ;

[0097] During the rock swelling rate test, when the displacement data collected by the data collector continuously for several times (3 times) within the set time (1h) is less than the set value (0.01mm), it is considered stable, and the final displacement value ΔH collected by the data collector 12 is recorded. Then the rock swelling rate under lateral constraint is

[0098] S15, reverse rotating handle 22 to drive the manual hydraulic pump to unload, the telescopic rod 10 of the loading oil cylinder 9 drives the immersed sleeve seat 31 to move down and reset, and the test is completed;

[0099] II. Uniaxial compression test

[0100] S21, connecting the first lower pressing pad 42 to the telescopic rod 10 of the loading oil cylinder 9, connecting the second upper pressing pad 41 to the force sensor 6, arranging the circumferential displacement sensor 43 at the middle position of the rock sample, and placing the rock sample on the first lower pressing pad 42;

[0101] S22, forward rotating handle 22 to drive the manual hydraulic pump to run and pressurize, the telescopic rod 10 of the loading oil cylinder 9 drives the first lower pressing pad 42 to move up, when the second upper pressing pad 41 contacts the rock sample, the manual hydraulic pump pauses to pressurize, and the displacement data monitored by the vertical displacement sensor 11 and the pressure data monitored by the force sensor 6 collected by the data collector 12 are cleared;

[0102] S23, the manual hydraulic pump continues to pressurize to make the first lower pressing pad 42 move up at a constant speed until the rock sample is damaged, and in this process, the data collector 12 collects displacement and pressure data; wherein the displacement data collected by the data collector 12 includes vertical displacement data monitored by the vertical displacement sensor 11 and circumferential displacement data monitored by the circumferential displacement sensor 43;

[0103] S24, reverse rotating handle 22 to drive the manual hydraulic pump to unload, the telescopic rod 10 of the loading oil cylinder 9 drives the first lower pressing pad 42 to move down and reset, and the test is completed;

[0104] III. Point load test

[0105] S31, connecting the first lower pressing head 52 to the telescopic rod 10 of the loading oil cylinder 9, connecting the first upper pressing head 51 to the force sensor 6, and placing the rock sample on the first lower pressing head 52;

[0106] S32, rotate the handle 22 in the forward direction to drive the manual hydraulic pump to operate pressurization, the telescopic rod 10 of the loading cylinder 9 drives the first lower pressing head 52 to move up, when the first upper pressing head 51 contacts the rock sample, the manual hydraulic pump pauses pressurization, and the displacement data monitored by the vertical displacement sensor 11 and the pressure data monitored by the force sensor 6 collected by the data acquisition instrument 12 are cleared;

[0107] S33, the manual hydraulic pump continues to pressurize to make the first lower pressing head 52 move up at a constant speed until the rock sample is destroyed, and in this process, the displacement and pressure data are collected by the data acquisition instrument 12;

[0108] S34, rotate the handle 22 in the reverse direction to drive the manual hydraulic pump to depressurize, the telescopic rod 10 of the loading cylinder 9 drives the first lower pressing head 52 to move down to reset, and the test is ended;

[0109] Four, indentation test

[0110] S41, connect the second lower pressing pad 62 to the telescopic rod 10 of the loading cylinder 9, connect the second upper pressing head 61 to the force sensor 6, and place the rock sample on the second lower pressing pad 62;

[0111] S42, rotate the handle 22 in the forward direction to drive the manual hydraulic pump to operate pressurization, the telescopic rod 10 of the loading cylinder 9 drives the second lower pressing pad 62 to move up, when the second upper pressing head 61 contacts the rock sample, the manual hydraulic pump pauses pressurization, and the displacement data monitored by the vertical displacement sensor 11 and the pressure data monitored by the force sensor 6 collected by the data acquisition instrument 12 are cleared;

[0112] S43, the manual hydraulic pump continues to pressurize to make the second lower pressing pad 62 move up at a constant speed to a set displacement, and in this process, the displacement and pressure data are collected by the data acquisition instrument 12;

[0113] S44, rotate the handle 22 in the reverse direction to drive the manual hydraulic pump to depressurize, the telescopic rod 10 of the loading cylinder 9 drives the second lower pressing pad 62 to move down to reset, and the test is ended;

[0114] Five, compression-shear test

[0115] S51, connect the second lower pressing head 72 to the telescopic rod 10 of the loading cylinder 9, connect the third upper pressing head 71 to the force sensor 6, and place the rock sample on the second lower pressing head 72;

[0116] S52, rotate the handle 22 in the forward direction to drive the manual hydraulic pump to operate pressurization, the telescopic rod 10 of the loading cylinder 9 drives the second lower pressing head 72 to move up, when the third upper pressing head 71 contacts the rock sample, the manual hydraulic pump pauses pressurization, and the displacement data monitored by the vertical displacement sensor 11 and the pressure data monitored by the force sensor 6 collected by the data acquisition instrument 12 are cleared;

[0117] S53, the manual hydraulic pump continues to pressurize to make the second lower head 72 move up at a constant speed until the rock sample is sheared and broken, and in this process, the data acquisition instrument 12 collects displacement and pressure data;

[0118] S54, reverse the handle 22 to drive the manual hydraulic pump to unload, the extension rod 10 of the loading cylinder 9 drives the second lower head 72 to move down to reset, and the test is completed.

[0119] So far, the present embodiment has been described in detail in combination with the drawings. According to the above description, those skilled in the art should have a clear understanding of the portable multifunctional rock mechanics testing machine and method of the present application. The portable multifunctional rock mechanics testing machine and method of the present application have simple and light testing machine structure, can be conveniently carried to the engineering site for rock mechanics test, realize on-site loading and data acquisition of rock samples, can accurately control stress and strain conditions, can realize stable and uniform loading and unloading on site to obtain reliable test results, and integrates multiple functions into one, realizes expansion test, uniaxial compression test, point load test, indentation test or compression-shear test through different test components, so as to realize multi-parameter test for different rock sample conditions.

[0120] Of course, the above-described specific embodiments further describe the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present application, and it should be understood that the above-described is only a specific embodiment of the present application and is not used to limit the present application, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A portable multifunctional rock mechanics testing machine, characterized in that, include: Base; The rack is mounted on the base; The loading cylinder is located at the lower end of the frame, and the extension rod of the loading cylinder is arranged vertically. A vertical displacement sensor is used to monitor the displacement of the extension rod of the loading cylinder relative to the cylinder body; The force sensor is located at the top of the frame; The manual hydraulic unit is connected to the loading cylinder via hydraulic lines to drive the extension rod of the loading cylinder to extend or retract relative to the cylinder body. The data acquisition unit connects to the vertical displacement sensor and the force sensor. Among them, expansion test assembly, uniaxial compression test assembly, point load test assembly, indentation test assembly or compression-shear test assembly are selectively arranged between the telescopic rod of the loading cylinder and / or the force sensor.

2. The portable multifunctional rock mechanics testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The manual hydraulic unit includes a manual hydraulic pump and a hydraulic controller. The output end of the manual hydraulic pump is connected to the hydraulic controller via a hydraulic pipeline, and the hydraulic controller is connected to the loading cylinder via a hydraulic pipeline.

3. A portable multifunctional rock mechanics testing machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The manual hydraulic pump includes a high-pressure cylinder and a connecting cylinder arranged sequentially along the axial direction; the high-pressure cylinder is connected to a hydraulic controller via a hydraulic pipeline, and a piston is slidably fitted inside the high-pressure cylinder; a pusher seat is slidably fitted inside the connecting cylinder, the pusher seat is connected to the piston, a nut is provided on the pusher seat, a lead screw is rotatably connected to the connecting cylinder, the lead screw cooperates with the nut, and a handle assembly is provided at one end of the lead screw.

4. A portable multifunctional rock mechanics testing machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The handle assembly includes a handle wheel and handles. The handle wheel is located at one end of the lead screw, and several handles are arranged circumferentially on the handle wheel.

5. A portable multifunctional rock mechanics testing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The expansion test assembly includes a water-immersed sleeve seat, a constraint sleeve, a water-permeable pad, a water-immersed sleeve, and a first upper pressure pad; The lower end of the immersion sleeve seat is used to connect the telescopic rod of the loading cylinder. The constraint sleeve is placed on the immersion sleeve seat. The constraint sleeve is used to put the rock sample. The upper and lower ends of the constraint sleeve and the rock sample are provided with permeable material. The upper and lower ends of the constraint sleeve and the outer end of the permeable material are provided with permeable pads. The lower end of the immersion sleeve is connected to the edge of the immersion sleeve seat, and the constraint sleeve is located inside the immersion sleeve. The upper end of the first upper pressure pad is used to connect the force sensor, and the first upper pressure pad acts on the water-permeable pad at the upper end of the constraint sleeve.

6. A portable multifunctional rock mechanics testing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The uniaxial compression test assembly includes a first lower pressure pad, a second upper pressure pad, and a circumferential displacement sensor; The lower end of the first lower pressure pad is used to connect to the telescopic rod of the loading cylinder, the upper end of the second upper pressure pad is used to connect to the force sensor, the rock sample is placed between the first lower pressure pad and the second upper pressure pad, the circumferential displacement sensor is arranged in the middle of the rock sample, and the data acquisition instrument signal is connected to the circumferential displacement sensor.

7. A portable multifunctional rock mechanics testing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The point load test assembly includes a first lower indenter and a first upper indenter, wherein the upper end of the first lower indenter and the lower end of the first upper indenter are configured as conical structures. The lower end of the first lower pressure head is used to connect to the telescopic rod of the loading cylinder, the upper end of the first upper pressure head is used to connect to the force sensor, and the space between the first lower pressure head and the first upper pressure head is used to place the rock sample.

8. A portable multifunctional rock mechanics testing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The indentation test assembly includes a second lower pressure pad and a second upper pressure head, the lower end of which is configured as a conical structure; The lower end of the second lower pressure pad is used to connect the telescopic rod of the loading cylinder, the upper end of the second upper pressure head is used to connect the force sensor, and the rock sample is placed between the second lower pressure pad and the second upper pressure head.

9. A portable multifunctional rock mechanics testing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The compression-shear test assembly includes a second lower pressure head and a third upper pressure head, wherein the upper end of the second lower pressure head and the lower end of the third upper pressure head are configured as an L-shaped structure; The lower end of the second lower pressure head is used to connect to the telescopic rod of the loading cylinder, and the upper end of the third upper pressure head is used to connect to the force sensor. The rock sample is placed between the second lower pressure head and the third upper pressure head.

10. A rock mechanics testing method, using the portable multifunctional rock mechanics testing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The method selectively performs expansion tests, uniaxial compression tests, point load tests, indentation tests, or compression-shear tests: I. Expansion Test S11. Connect the immersion sleeve seat to the extension rod of the loading cylinder, measure the initial height H0 of the rock sample, place the rock sample inside the constraint sleeve, place the constraint sleeve on the immersion sleeve seat, set permeable material at the upper and lower ends of the constraint sleeve and in contact with the rock sample, set permeable pads at the upper and lower ends of the constraint sleeve and outside the permeable material, connect the lower end of the immersion sleeve to the edge of the immersion sleeve seat and make the constraint sleeve located inside the immersion sleeve, and connect the upper end of the first upper pressure pad to the force sensor. S12. Rotate the handle in the forward direction to drive the manual hydraulic pump to pressurize. The extension rod of the loading cylinder drives the water-immersed sleeve seat to move upward. When the first pressure pad contacts the water-permeable pad at the upper end of the constraint sleeve, the manual hydraulic pump stops pressurizing and clears the displacement data monitored by the vertical displacement sensor and the pressure data monitored by the force sensor collected by the data acquisition instrument to zero. Then the manual hydraulic pump continues to pressurize to the preload pressure value. S13. Inject water into the water-immersed sleeve from the top of the water-immersed sleeve until the water covers the constraint sleeve. After standing for a set time, collect the displacement data changes through the data acquisition instrument. S14, Rock Expansion Force Test and Rock Expansion Rate Test During the rock expansion force test, when the displacement data collected by the data acquisition instrument changes beyond a set value, the loading pressure of the manual hydraulic pump is adjusted to allow the displacement data to revert to its normal value, ensuring the rock sample thickness remains constant throughout the test. When the displacement data collected by the data acquisition instrument is less than the set value for several consecutive times within a set time period, the test is considered stable, and the maximum pressure data collected by the data acquisition instrument is recorded as the expansion force P. e ; During the rock expansion rate test, if the displacement data collected by the data acquisition instrument is less than the set value for several consecutive times within a set time, it is considered stable, and the final displacement value ΔH collected by the data acquisition instrument is recorded. Then, the rock expansion rate under lateral constraint is... S15. Reverse the handle to depressurize the manual hydraulic pump. The extension rod of the loading cylinder will move the water-immersed sleeve seat down to reset. The test ends. II. Uniaxial Compression Test S21. Connect the first lower pressure pad to the telescopic rod of the loading cylinder, connect the second upper pressure pad to the force sensor, place the circumferential displacement sensor in the middle of the rock sample, and place the rock sample on the first lower pressure pad. S22. Rotate the handle in the forward direction to drive the manual hydraulic pump to run and pressurize. The extension rod of the loading cylinder drives the first lower pressure pad to move upward. When the second upper pressure pad contacts the rock sample, the manual hydraulic pump stops pressurizing and clears the displacement data monitored by the vertical displacement sensor and the pressure data monitored by the force sensor collected by the data acquisition instrument to zero. S23. The manual hydraulic pump continues to pressurize, causing the first lower pressure pad to move upward at a constant speed until the rock sample is destroyed. During this process, the data acquisition instrument collects displacement and pressure data. The displacement data collected by the data acquisition instrument includes vertical displacement data monitored by the vertical displacement sensor and circumferential displacement data monitored by the circumferential displacement sensor. S24. Reverse the handle to depressurize the manual hydraulic pump, and the extension rod of the loading cylinder will move the first lower pressure pad down to reset, thus ending the test. III. Point Load Test S31. Connect the first lower pressure head to the extension rod of the loading cylinder, connect the first upper pressure head to the force sensor, and place the rock sample on the first lower pressure head; S32. Rotate the handle in the forward direction to drive the manual hydraulic pump to run and pressurize. The extension rod of the loading cylinder drives the first lower pressure head to move upward. When the first upper pressure head contacts the rock sample, the manual hydraulic pump stops pressurizing and clears the displacement data monitored by the vertical displacement sensor and the pressure data monitored by the force sensor collected by the data acquisition instrument. S33. The manual hydraulic pump continues to pressurize, causing the first pressure head to move upward at a constant speed until the rock sample is destroyed. During this process, the data acquisition instrument collects displacement and pressure data. S34. Reverse the handle to depressurize the manual hydraulic pump, and the extension rod of the loading cylinder will move the first pressure head down to reset, thus ending the test. IV. Indentation Test S41. Connect the second lower pressure pad to the extension rod of the loading cylinder, connect the second upper pressure head to the force sensor, and place the rock sample on the second lower pressure pad. S42. Rotate the handle in the forward direction to drive the manual hydraulic pump to run and pressurize. The extension rod of the loading cylinder drives the second lower pressure pad to move upward. When the second upper pressure head contacts the rock sample, the manual hydraulic pump stops pressurizing and clears the displacement data monitored by the vertical displacement sensor and the pressure data monitored by the force sensor collected by the data acquisition instrument. S43. The manual hydraulic pump continues to pressurize, causing the second lower pressure pad to move upward at a constant speed to the set displacement. During this process, the data acquisition instrument collects displacement and pressure data. S44. Reverse the handle to depressurize the manual hydraulic pump, and the extension rod of the loading cylinder will move the second lower pressure pad down to reset, thus ending the test. V. Compression-shear test S51. Connect the second lower pressure head to the extension rod of the loading cylinder, connect the third upper pressure head to the force sensor, and place the rock sample on the second lower pressure head. S52. Rotate the handle in the forward direction to drive the manual hydraulic pump to run and pressurize. The extension rod of the loading cylinder drives the second lower pressure head to move upward. When the third upper pressure head contacts the rock sample, the manual hydraulic pump stops pressurizing and clears the displacement data monitored by the vertical displacement sensor and the pressure data monitored by the force sensor collected by the data acquisition instrument. S53. The manual hydraulic pump continues to pressurize, causing the second pressure head to move upward at a constant speed until the rock sample is sheared and broken. During this process, the data acquisition instrument collects displacement and pressure data. S54. Reverse the handle to depressurize the manual hydraulic pump. The extension rod of the loading cylinder drives the second pressure head to move down and reset. The test ends.

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