Physical simulation method and device for multi-stage structure movable superposition co-sedimentary sand box
By simulating and monitoring phased tectonic activities, the problem of simulating the formation of basins with multiple superimposed tectonic phases has been solved, achieving accurate simulation of basin evolution and verification of tectonic models, and providing a reliable foundation for basin exploration.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202410604747.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-15
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-18
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies, when simulating geological tectonic activities, typically combine sedimentary strata from different periods into a single set, neglecting the impact of earlier tectonic activities on the strata of later deposits, and failing to effectively simulate the basin formation process caused by the superposition of multiple tectonic activities.
The simulation process is divided into multiple tectonic phases. Materials with different colors, internal friction angles, densities, and cohesion are selected as strata simulation layers. Combining actual geological features and basin prototypes, the basement movement driven by motors is used to simulate multiple phases of tectonic activity. Stratigraphic changes are monitored by combining images and 3D scanning.
Accurate simulation of basin evolution processes involving multiple phases of tectonic stress and syn-deposition provides a reliable basis for basin exploration and development, conforms to actual geological laws, and can verify the tectonic evolution model of superimposed basins.
Smart Images
Figure CN120977178A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application belongs to the field of physical simulation technology of sandboxes, and in particular relates to a physical simulation method and apparatus for syn-sedimentary sandboxes with superimposed tectonic activities in multiple phases. Background Technology
[0002] Sandbox physical simulation experiments, based on the principle of similarity, use small-scale geological models to reproduce the geological tectonic evolution process. This method is widely used in various tectonic evolution studies. Previous studies have revealed the general process of strike-slip fault formation and evolution, as well as associated strike-slip structures, through strike-slip tectonic physical simulations. Some progress has also been made in simulation studies focusing on fold growth and deformation mechanisms under compression regimes. However, in the study of geological tectonic activity, most scholars typically combine strata deposited at different times into a single sand body for unified multi-phase tectonic simulations, or perform co-depositional strata simulations for a specific tectonic activity. This neglects the fact that earlier tectonic activities do not significantly alter later deposited strata, and also fails to consider the phased nature of strata deposition caused by multiple tectonic activities.
[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a physical simulation method and device for syn-sedimentary sandboxes with superimposed tectonic activities in multiple phases. Based on the actual stratigraphic sedimentary conditions and the tectonic activity phases, the syn-sedimentary physical simulation of the multi-phase geological tectonic evolution process can be carried out to reconstruct the basin formation process with superimposed tectonic and syn-sedimentary activities, and reveal the stratigraphic sedimentary distribution characteristics and tectonic formation mechanism within the basin. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this application, based on the geological evolution background of the study area, divides the entire simulation process into multiple tectonic phases. For different stages of stratigraphic and tectonic characteristics, experimental schemes are designed, experimental materials are selected, and corresponding stratigraphic simulation layers are laid. Compared with traditional methods, this approach is more consistent with actual geological laws and can effectively simulate the basin evolution process of multiple phases of tectonic stress and syn-sedimentary processes. It can accurately simulate the fault development process and verify the tectonic evolution model of superimposed basins, providing a reliable foundation for subsequent basin exploration and development research.
[0005] The first objective of this application is to provide a physical simulation method for syn-sedimentary sandboxes with superimposed tectonic activities, comprising the following steps:
[0006] A model was established based on stratigraphic lithology, actual geological characteristics, and basin prototype. The model includes a stratigraphic simulation layer, a detachment structure simulation layer, and a basement.
[0007] The basin evolution process was simulated and monitored using models.
[0008] The data obtained from monitoring is analyzed and processed.
[0009] Furthermore, a model is established based on stratigraphic lithology, actual geological characteristics, and basin prototypes, including:
[0010] Materials with different colors, internal friction angles, densities, and cohesion were selected as the materials for the formation simulation layer based on the lithology of the formation.
[0011] The stratigraphic simulation layer consists of multiple sub-layers and color marker layers. The sub-layers are laid out one by one according to different tectonic activity periods, and each sub-layer has at least one color marker layer.
[0012] Furthermore, a model is established based on stratigraphic lithology, actual geological characteristics, and basin prototypes, including:
[0013] Based on actual geological features, a polymer of polydimethylsiloxane was used as a simulated slip structure layer.
[0014] Furthermore, a model is established based on stratigraphic lithology, actual geological characteristics, and basin prototypes, including:
[0015] Following the principle of geometric similarity, a rigid material is cut as the base based on the initial basin boundary of the basin prototype.
[0016] Furthermore, the basin evolution process is simulated and monitored using models, including:
[0017] Step 1: Connect the base and the motor according to the direction of movement constructed in the first stage, and secure them properly;
[0018] Step 2: Build baffles around the base and lay a slip structure simulation layer of corresponding thickness on the base based on the actual geological characteristics;
[0019] Step 3: Based on the actual stratum thickness, lay the corresponding stage of stratum simulation layer on top of the detachment structure simulation layer and smooth its surface.
[0020] Step 4: Set the motor parameters based on the principle of kinematic similarity, start the motor to begin the simulation experiment, and monitor the simulation process at the same time;
[0021] Step 5: After the first stage of simulation is completed, stop monitoring and turn off the motor. According to the motion direction of the subsequent stages, change the connection direction between the base and the motor and fix it.
[0022] Step Six: Repeat Steps Three through Five until the final phase of the construction activity simulation ends.
[0023] Furthermore, motor parameters are set based on the principle of kinematic similarity, including:
[0024] Following the principle of kinematic similarity, the entire geological activity history is proportionally shortened as the motor's motion time;
[0025] Following the principle of kinematic similarity, the direction of base movement is made consistent with the actual direction of plate movement by changing the connection direction between the base and the motor.
[0026] Following the principle of kinematic similarity, the entire geological activity distance is shortened proportionally according to the basement model to determine the speed and distance of motor motion in each stage of tectonic movement.
[0027] Furthermore, the monitoring includes image monitoring, particle motion mode and velocity monitoring, and three-dimensional spatial distribution monitoring.
[0028] Furthermore, image monitoring includes image monitoring of the initial position of the model placement, the direction of motor movement during the experiment, the thickness of the simulated strata, and the movement process of the simulated tectonic activity.
[0029] Furthermore, the monitoring of particle motion patterns and velocities includes:
[0030] Tracer particles are added to the simulated stratigraphic layer, and laser sheet light is used to illuminate the simulated stratigraphic layer. The particle images are captured continuously by an imaging recording system after two or more exposures. The particle images are analyzed using the image cross-correlation method to obtain the average displacement of the particle images and determine the two-dimensional particle velocity distribution of the entire region of the stratigraphic layer during a tectonic movement period.
[0031] Furthermore, the three-dimensional spatial display monitoring includes:
[0032] The entire simulated area is scanned by emitting laser lines or laser points through a 3D scanner. The laser signals reflected back from the simulated area are picked up by sensors. The distance from the simulated area to the 3D scanner is calculated based on the laser signals, and a point cloud on the surface of the simulated area is created. The point cloud is then processed into a visual digital model.
[0033] The second objective of this application is to provide a physical simulation device for syn-sedimentary sandboxes with superimposed tectonic activities, comprising:
[0034] The modeling module is used to build models based on stratigraphic lithology, actual geological features, and basin prototypes. The models include stratigraphic simulation layers, detachment structure simulation layers, and basement.
[0035] The monitoring module is used to simulate and monitor the basin's evolution process using a model.
[0036] The analysis module is used to analyze and process the data obtained from monitoring.
[0037] The technical effects and advantages of this application are as follows:
[0038] 1. Based on the geological evolution background of the study area, this application divides the entire simulation process into multiple tectonic phases. For the stratigraphic and tectonic characteristics of different stages, experimental schemes are designed, experimental materials are selected, and corresponding stratigraphic simulation layers are laid. Compared with traditional methods, this approach better reflects actual geological laws and can effectively simulate the basin evolution process of multiple phases of tectonic stress and syn-sedimentary processes. It can accurately simulate the fault development process and verify the tectonic evolution model of superimposed basins, providing a reliable foundation for subsequent basin exploration and development research.
[0039] 2. This application takes into account both the rationality of the material selection in the simulation process and the adaptability of the overall detection system, which can ensure that, under the condition of complete basic conditions, more complete and realistic sand box physical simulation results can be obtained, especially for complex geological bodies with superimposed multiple tectonic activities.
[0040] Other features and advantages of this application will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the application. The objectives and other advantages of this application may be realized and obtained by means of the structures pointed out in the description, claims and drawings. Attached Figure Description
[0041] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the physical simulation method for syn-sedimentary sandboxes with superimposed tectonic activities in this application;
[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the base structure of an embodiment;
[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the simulated stratigraphic layer structure for an embodiment.
[0044] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the connection method and movement direction of the motor and the base in an embodiment.
[0045] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram comparing the simulation results of the example with the actual basin morphology. Detailed Implementation
[0046] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0047] Firstly, such as Figure 1 As shown, this application provides a physical simulation method for syn-sedimentary sandboxes with superimposed tectonic activities, including the following steps:
[0048] A model was established based on stratigraphic lithology, actual geological characteristics, and basin prototype. The model includes a stratigraphic simulation layer, a detachment structure simulation layer, and a basement.
[0049] The basin evolution process was simulated and monitored using models.
[0050] The data obtained from monitoring is analyzed and processed.
[0051] In some embodiments of this application, a model is established based on stratigraphic lithology, actual geological features, and a basin prototype, including:
[0052] Based on the lithology of the strata, materials with different colors, internal friction angles, densities, and cohesion are selected as strata simulation layer materials, such as using quartz sand and / or microglass as strata simulation layer materials.
[0053] Furthermore, the stratigraphic simulation layer includes multiple sub-layers and color marker layers. The sub-layers are laid out one by one according to different tectonic activity periods, and each sub-layer is equipped with at least one color marker layer to mark each sub-layer in the stratigraphic simulation layer.
[0054] In some embodiments of this application, a model is established based on stratigraphic lithology, actual geological features, and a basin prototype, including:
[0055] Based on actual geological features, a polymer of polydimethylsiloxane was used as a simulated slip structure layer.
[0056] It should be noted that, under actual geological conditions, the detachment structure between the basement and the sedimentary cover will affect the overlying structure. By selecting a polydimethylsiloxane synthetic polymer (such as silica gel) with suitable viscosity, and weighing an appropriate amount of polydimethylsiloxane polymer as a detachment structure simulation layer according to the characteristics of the stratigraphic thickness and the basement thickness during the simulation experiment, the rheological characteristics of the detachment structure can be simulated, which can better simulate the basin evolution process.
[0057] In some embodiments of this application, a model is established based on stratigraphic lithology, actual geological features, and a basin prototype, including:
[0058] Following the principle of geometric similarity, a suitable rigid material (such as stainless steel plate) is selected, and the rigid material is cut as a base according to the initial basin boundary of the basin prototype.
[0059] In some embodiments of this application, basin evolution processes are simulated and monitored using models, including:
[0060] Step 1: Connect the base and the motor according to the direction of movement constructed in the first stage, and secure them properly;
[0061] Step 2: Build baffles around the base and lay a slip structure simulation layer of corresponding thickness on the base based on the actual geological characteristics;
[0062] Step 3: Based on the actual stratum thickness, lay the corresponding stage of stratum simulation layer on top of the detachment structure simulation layer and smooth its surface.
[0063] Step 4: Set the motor parameters based on the principle of kinematic similarity, start the motor to begin the simulation experiment, and monitor the simulation process at the same time;
[0064] Step 5: After the first stage of simulation is completed, stop monitoring and turn off the motor. According to the motion direction of the subsequent stages, change the connection direction between the base and the motor and fix it.
[0065] Step Six: Repeat Steps Three through Five until the final stage of the construction activity simulation is completed.
[0066] In some embodiments of this application, motor parameters are set based on the principle of kinematic similarity, including:
[0067] Following the principle of kinematic similarity, the entire geological activity history is proportionally shortened as the motor's motion time;
[0068] Following the principle of kinematic similarity, the direction of base movement is made consistent with the actual direction of plate movement by changing the connection direction between the base and the motor.
[0069] Following the principle of kinematic similarity, the entire geological activity distance is shortened proportionally according to the basement model to determine the speed and distance of motor motion in each stage of tectonic movement.
[0070] In some embodiments of this application, the monitoring includes image monitoring, particle motion mode and velocity monitoring, and three-dimensional spatial distribution monitoring.
[0071] In some embodiments of this application, image monitoring includes image monitoring of the initial position of the model placement, the direction of motor movement during the experiment, the thickness of the simulated geological layer, and the movement process of the simulated tectonic activity.
[0072] In some embodiments of this application, particle motion mode and velocity monitoring includes:
[0073] Tracer particles are added to the simulated stratigraphic layer, and laser sheet light is used to illuminate the simulated stratigraphic layer. The particle images are captured continuously by an imaging recording system after two or more exposures. The particle images are analyzed using the image cross-correlation method to obtain the average displacement of the particle images and determine the two-dimensional particle velocity distribution of the entire region of the stratigraphic layer during a tectonic movement period.
[0074] In some embodiments of this application, three-dimensional spatial deployment monitoring includes:
[0075] The entire simulated area is scanned by emitting laser lines or laser points through a 3D scanner. The laser signals reflected back from the simulated area are picked up by sensors. The distance from the simulated area to the 3D scanner is calculated based on the laser signals, and a point cloud on the surface of the simulated area is created. The point cloud is then processed into a visual digital model.
[0076] Secondly, this application discloses a physical simulation device for syn-sedimentary sandboxes with superimposed tectonic activities, characterized in that it comprises:
[0077] The modeling module is used to build models based on stratigraphic lithology, actual geological features, and basin prototypes. The models include stratigraphic simulation layers, detachment structure simulation layers, and basement.
[0078] The monitoring module is used to simulate and monitor the basin's evolution process using a model.
[0079] The analysis module is used to analyze and process the data obtained from monitoring.
[0080] To better explain this solution, the following embodiments are also provided.
[0081] Example
[0082] Taking the Bongor Basin as an example, a physical simulation of the syn-sedimentary sandboxes with superimposed tectonic activities was performed. The geometric, kinematic, and dynamic similarities between the Bongor Basin and the model are shown in Table 1.
[0083] Table 1. Geometric, kinematic, and dynamic similarity ratios between the Bongor Basin and the model.
[0084]
[0085] S1: A model is established based on stratigraphic lithology, actual geological characteristics, and basin prototype. The model includes a stratigraphic simulation layer, a detachment structure simulation layer, and a basement.
[0086] 1) Based on the actual stratigraphic sedimentary characteristics, the basin was divided into 6 strata. Red fine quartz sand, purple fine quartz sand and white medium quartz sand were selected as different stratigraphic simulation layers. Each layer was covered with 0.5 cm thick quartz sand (with contrasting colors as marker layers). Following the principle of kinematic similarity, the first two stratigraphic simulation layers moved for 7 minutes each, the next three stratigraphic simulation layers moved for 9 minutes each, and the last stratigraphic simulation layer moved for 14 minutes.
[0087] 2) Lay a 5mm thick layer of silicone on the substrate as a slip structure simulation layer between the substrate and the deposited cap layer;
[0088] 3) such as Figure 2As shown, based on the geometric characteristics of the basin and following the principle of geometric similarity, a 2mm thick stainless steel plate was selected. The stainless steel plate was cut according to the initial basin boundary of the basin prototype as the base. The base is 400mm long and 159mm wide.
[0089] S2: Use models to simulate and monitor the basin evolution process.
[0090] Step 1: As Figure 2 As shown, in accordance with the direction of movement constructed in the first stage, the base and motor 7 are connected and fixed at an angle of NE25°.
[0091] Step Two: As Figure 3 As shown, baffles were built around the base. Based on the actual geological characteristics, a 5mm thick layer of silicone was laid on the base to simulate the slip structure between the base and the sedimentary cover and the influence of plastic deformation on the structure, and wait for the silicone to self-level.
[0092] Step 3: Based on the actual stratum thickness, lay 0.5cm of quartz sand on top of the silica gel and smooth the surface.
[0093] Step 4: Set motor parameters based on the principle of kinematic similarity, according to the actual stress direction in the region, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the motor motion was divided into three simulated phases: two extension phases and one compression phase. The first phase involved unilateral extension on the south side, with an extension direction of NE25° and an extension speed of 0.0138 mm / s. The total extension amount in the first phase was 11.6 mm, and it included two sets of simulated stratigraphic layer movements, each lasting 7 minutes. The second phase involved unilateral extension on the north side, with an extension direction of NE25° and an extension speed of 0.0138 mm / s. The total extension amount in the second phase was 22.4 mm, and it included three sets of simulated stratigraphic layer movements, each lasting 9 minutes. The third phase involved unilateral compression on the north side, with a compression direction of NW10° and a compression speed of 0.0069 mm / s. The compression amount was 5.8 mm, and it included one set of simulated stratigraphic layer movements, lasting 14 minutes. The motor was then started to begin the simulation experiment, and the process was monitored simultaneously.
[0094] The monitoring includes image monitoring, particle motion mode and velocity monitoring, and three-dimensional spatial distribution monitoring. Image monitoring comprises four parts: monitoring the initial position of the model placement, monitoring the direction of motor movement during the experiment, monitoring the thickness of the simulated stratigraphic layer, and monitoring the simulated tectonic activity process. Image monitoring utilizes an optical camera and the CaputerGRID system, which is always connected to an external terminal. Particle motion mode and velocity monitoring employs a combination of lasers and optical elements. Through imaging recording and image cross-correlation methods, the two-dimensional particle velocity distribution of the entire stratigraphic region during a tectonic activity period is obtained. The laser and optical element combination system is always connected to an external terminal. Three-dimensional spatial distribution monitoring utilizes a 3D scanner, Geomagic reverse engineering software, and Geomagic ControlX. TM The detection system creates a visual digital model using Geomagic reverse engineering software and Geomagic ControlX. TM The detection system is always connected to an external terminal.
[0095] Step 5: After the first stage of simulation is completed, stop monitoring and turn off the motor. According to the motion direction of the subsequent stages, change the connection direction between the base and the motor and fix it.
[0096] Step Six: Repeat Steps Three through Five until the final stage of the construction activity simulation is completed.
[0097] S3: Analyze and process the data obtained from monitoring.
[0098] like Figure 5 As shown, when the simulation results obtained by S2 are compared with the actual basin morphology, the basin boundary is clear, and the basin tectonic pattern obtained by the sand box physical simulation is basically consistent with the actual situation.
[0099] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.
Claims
1. A physical simulation method for syn-sedimentary sandboxes with superimposed tectonic activities, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A model is established based on stratigraphic lithology, actual geological characteristics, and basin prototype. The model includes a stratigraphic simulation layer, a detachment structure simulation layer, and a basement. The model was used to simulate and monitor the basin evolution process. The data obtained from the monitoring is analyzed and processed.
2. The physical simulation method for syn-sedimentary sandboxes with superimposed tectonic activities according to claim 1, characterized in that, The model established based on stratigraphic lithology, actual geological characteristics, and basin prototype includes: Materials with different colors, internal friction angles, densities, and cohesion were selected as the materials for the formation simulation layer based on the lithology of the formation. The stratigraphic simulation layer includes multiple sub-layers and color marker layers. The sub-layers are laid out one by one according to different tectonic activity periods, and each sub-layer has at least one color marker layer.
3. The physical simulation method for syn-sedimentary sandboxes with superimposed tectonic activities according to claim 1, characterized in that, The model established based on stratigraphic lithology, actual geological characteristics, and basin prototype includes: Based on actual geological features, a polymer of polydimethylsiloxane was used as a simulated slip structure layer.
4. The physical simulation method for syn-sedimentary sandboxes with superimposed tectonic activities according to claim 1, characterized in that, The model established based on stratigraphic lithology, actual geological characteristics, and basin prototype includes: Following the principle of geometric similarity, a rigid material is cut as the base based on the initial basin boundary of the basin prototype.
5. The physical simulation method for syn-sedimentary sandboxes with superimposed tectonic activities according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aforementioned method of simulating and monitoring basin evolution using the model includes: Step 1: Connect the base and the motor according to the direction of movement constructed in the first stage, and secure them properly; Step 2: Build baffles around the base and lay a slip structure simulation layer of corresponding thickness on the base based on the actual geological characteristics; Step 3: Based on the actual stratum thickness, lay the corresponding stage of stratum simulation layer on top of the detachment structure simulation layer and smooth its surface. Step 4: Set the motor parameters based on the principle of kinematic similarity, start the motor to begin the simulation experiment, and monitor the simulation process at the same time; Step 5: After the first stage of simulation is completed, stop monitoring and turn off the motor. According to the motion direction of the subsequent stages, change the connection direction between the base and the motor and fix it. Step Six: Repeat Steps Three through Five until the final phase of the construction activity simulation ends.
6. The physical simulation method for syn-sedimentary sandboxes with superimposed tectonic activities according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method of setting motor parameters based on the principle of kinematic similarity includes: Following the principle of kinematic similarity, the entire geological activity history is proportionally shortened as the motor's motion time; Following the principle of kinematic similarity, the direction of base movement is made consistent with the actual direction of plate movement by changing the connection direction between the base and the motor. Following the principle of kinematic similarity, the entire geological activity distance is shortened proportionally according to the basement model to determine the speed and distance of motor motion in each stage of tectonic movement.
7. The physical simulation method for syn-sedimentary sandboxes with superimposed tectonic activities according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring includes image monitoring, particle motion mode and velocity monitoring, and three-dimensional spatial distribution monitoring.
8. The physical simulation method for syn-sedimentary sandboxes with superimposed tectonic activities according to claim 7, characterized in that, The image monitoring includes image monitoring of the initial position of the model placement, the direction of motor movement during the experiment, the thickness of the simulated strata, and the movement process of the simulated tectonic activity.
9. The physical simulation method for syn-sedimentary sandboxes with superimposed tectonic activities according to claim 7, characterized in that, The monitoring of particle motion mode and velocity includes: Tracer particles are added to the simulated stratigraphic layer, and laser sheet light is used to illuminate the simulated stratigraphic layer. The particle images are captured continuously through two or more exposures using an imaging recording system. The particle images are analyzed using the image cross-correlation method to obtain the average displacement of the particle images and determine the two-dimensional particle velocity distribution of the entire region of the stratigraphic layer during a tectonic movement period.
10. The physical simulation method for syn-sedimentary sandboxes with superimposed tectonic activities according to claim 7, characterized in that, The three-dimensional spatial display monitoring includes: A 3D scanner emits laser lines or laser points to scan the entire simulated area. Sensors pick up the laser signals reflected back from the simulated area, and the distance from the simulated area to the 3D scanner is calculated based on the laser signals. A point cloud on the surface of the simulated area is created, and the point cloud is processed into a visual digital model.
11. A physical simulation device for syn-sedimentary sandboxes with superimposed tectonic activities, characterized in that, include: The modeling module is used to build a model based on stratigraphic lithology, actual geological features and basin prototype. The model includes a stratigraphic simulation layer, a detachment structure simulation layer and a basement. The monitoring module is used to simulate and monitor the basin evolution process using the model. The analysis module is used to analyze and process the data obtained from the monitoring.