Fireproof door

Abstract

The invention discloses a fireproof door, and belongs to the technical field of fireproof doors. The fireproof door comprises a door leaf and a door frame, wherein the door leaf is hinged to the door frame; the door leaf comprises a first door leaf panel, a second door leaf panel and a door core, and the door core is located between the first door leaf panel and the second door leaf panel. The door core is filled with a powder material, and the powder material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 85%-92% of fly ash, 4%-15% of refractory soil, 1%-4% of water glass and 3%-15% of water. Wherein the fly ash and the refractory clay both have good fire resistance and heat insulation performance, the water glass is mainly used for bonding the fly ash and the refractory clay, the door leaf filled with the powder material can form a barrier to prevent fire spreading, and the door leaf has good fire resistance and heat insulation performance, so that the door leaf has good fire resistance and heat insulation performance. The fireproof door corresponding to the door leaf also has good fire resistance and heat insulation performance.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of fireproof doors, and particularly relates to a fireproof door. BACKGROUND

[0002] A fireproof door is a door capable of providing a certain degree of fire protection for an opening. The fireproof door has the characteristics of smooth and flat surface, aesthetic appearance, flexible opening, firmness and durability, convenient use, safety and reliability, and the like.

[0003] Although the fireproof door in the related art has certain fire resistance and heat insulation, with the release of the latest standard for fireproof doors, higher requirements are put forward for the fire resistance and heat insulation of the fireproof door, and the traditional fireproof door cannot meet the latest standard in terms of fire resistance and heat insulation. Therefore, it is urgent to provide a novel fireproof door. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a fireproof door, which has excellent fire resistance and heat insulation. The technical solution is as follows:

[0005] The present application provides a fireproof door, which comprises a door leaf and a door frame, and the door leaf and the door frame are hinged.

[0006] The door leaf comprises a first door leaf panel, a second door leaf panel and a door core, and the door core is located between the first door leaf panel and the second door leaf panel.

[0007] The door core is filled with a powder material, and the powder material comprises the following components in mass fraction: fly ash 85% to 92%, fire clay 4% to 15%, water glass 1% to 4% and water 3% to 15%.

[0008] In a possible implementation manner, the diameter of the powder material is 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm.

[0009] In another possible implementation manner, the filling amount of the powder material is not more than 350 kg / m 3 .

[0010] In another possible implementation manner, fireproof glue is further injected between the first door leaf panel and the second door leaf panel.

[0011] The fireproof glue is used for bonding the powder material with the first door leaf panel and the second door leaf panel respectively.

[0012] In another possible implementation manner, the thickness of the door core is 45 mm to 50 mm.

[0013] In another possible implementation manner, the first door leaf panel has a thickness of 0.6 mm to 1.0 mm, the second door leaf panel has a thickness of 0.6 mm to 1.0 mm, and the door frame has a thickness of 1 mm to 1.5 mm.

[0014] In another possible implementation manner, the first door leaf panel, the second door leaf panel and the door frame are all made of galvanized steel plates.

[0015] In another possible implementation manner, the door leaf is provided with a glass window and a hardware mounting position.

[0016] The hardware mounting position is configured to mount hardware.

[0017] In another possible implementation manner, the door leaf further includes a door closer and a door closer back plate.

[0018] The door closer is configured to close the door leaf and the door frame.

[0019] The door closer back plate is configured to reinforce the door closer.

[0020] In another possible implementation manner, a sealing member having a fireproof expansion property is arranged between the door leaf and the door frame.

[0021] The embodiment of the present application provides a fireproof door, which includes a door leaf and a door frame, the door leaf includes two door leaf panels, and a door core is filled with a powder material between the two door leaf panels, and the powder material mainly includes fly ash, fire clay and water glass. The fly ash and the fire clay both have good fireproof performance and heat insulation performance, and the water glass is mainly used for bonding the fly ash and the fire clay. The door leaf filled with the powder material can form a barrier to prevent the spread of fire, and has good fireproof performance and heat insulation performance. Therefore, the fireproof door corresponding to the door leaf also has good fireproof performance and heat insulation performance. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the following further describes the embodiments of the present application in detail.

[0023] The embodiment of the present application provides a fireproof door, which includes a door leaf and a door frame, the door leaf and the door frame are hinged;

[0024] The door leaf includes a first door leaf panel, a second door leaf panel and a door core, and the door core is located between the first door leaf panel and the second door leaf panel.

[0025] The door core is filled with a powder material, and the powder material includes the following components in mass fraction: fly ash 85% to 92%, fire clay 4% to 15%, water glass 1% to 4% and water 3% to 15%.

[0026] The fireproof door provided by the embodiments of the present application comprises a door leaf and a door frame, the door leaf comprises two door leaf panels, and a door core is formed by filling a powder material between the two door leaf panels, the main components of the powder material are fly ash, fire clay and water glass. The fly ash and the fire clay both have good fire resistance and heat insulation performance, and the water glass is mainly used for bonding the fly ash and the fire clay. The door leaf filled with the powder material can form a barrier to prevent the spread of fire, and has good fire resistance and heat insulation performance. Therefore, the fireproof door corresponding to the door leaf also has good fire resistance and heat insulation performance.

[0027] For example, the mass fraction of the fly ash can be 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, etc. Further, the mass fraction of the fly ash can be 90%.

[0028] The mass fraction of the fire clay can be 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, etc. Further, the mass fraction of the fire clay can be 4%.

[0029] The mass fraction of the water glass can be 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.2%, 2.5%, 2.8%, 3%, 3.2%, 3.5%, 4%, etc. Further, the mass fraction of the water glass can be 1%.

[0030] The mass fraction of the water can be 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, etc. Further, the mass fraction of the water can be 5%.

[0031] In the embodiments of the present application, the fly ash is a refractory non-combustible material produced by full combustion, and the main components are non-combustible substances such as silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide and iron oxide, which have a high ignition point temperature, generally above 1500℃. The fire clay is a clay that can withstand high temperature, and the main components are silicon dioxide, iron oxide, calcium oxide and aluminum oxide, with a refractoriness of >1580℃, which is a refractory material with high fire resistance. The present application uses fly ash and fire clay as the main components of the powder material, aiming to improve the fire resistance and heat insulation performance of the fireproof door.

[0032] In addition, the fireproof door provided by the present application can be a fireproof door for an evacuation passage, a fireproof door for a facility and equipment site, or a fireproof door for a household, which is not specifically limited.

[0033] In a possible implementation manner, the diameter of the powder material is 0.2mm-0.5mm.

[0034] For example, the diameter of the powder material can be 0.2 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.35 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.45 mm, 0.5 mm, etc.

[0035] The powder material can be prepared by mixing fly ash, refractory clay, water glass, and water, stirring them uniformly, and then adding them into a balling machine to prepare particles with a diameter of 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm, i.e., the powder material.

[0036] In the embodiments of the present application, the diameter of the powder material affects the filling density between the two door panel, and the powder material within the diameter range can be tightly filled to reduce the gap, thereby improving the overall strength of the door panel. Moreover, the powder material within the diameter range helps to form a more dense thermal insulation layer, thereby improving the thermal insulation performance of the fireproof door. In the event of a fire, such a dense thermal insulation layer can effectively block the transfer of heat, thereby prolonging the fire resistance time of the fireproof door.

[0037] In a possible implementation, the filling amount of the powder material is not more than 350 kg / m 3 .

[0038] In the embodiments of the present application, the appropriate filling of the powder material can form an effective thermal insulation layer to prevent heat transfer and ensure the fire resistance performance of the fireproof door in a high-temperature environment. Moreover, the appropriate filling amount can enhance the overall structural strength of the door panel to prevent it from being broken or deformed under the action of a piston or other external force. However, too much powder material will increase the weight of the fireproof door, which is not conducive to installation and transportation. Therefore, the filling amount of the powder material is not more than 350 kg / m 3 which is also conducive to achieving the lightweight design of the fireproof door.

[0039] In a possible implementation, fireproof glue is injected between the first door panel and the second door panel.

[0040] The fireproof glue is used to bond the powder material with the first door panel and the second door panel, respectively.

[0041] In this implementation, the fireproof glue can be polymeric silica gel, two-component polyurethane glue, modified water glass glue, or other types of fireproof glue, which are not limited in particular.

[0042] The polymeric silica gel is polymerized from inorganic raw materials such as aluminum phosphate, magnesium silicate, and sodium silicate, and has high temperature resistance. The two-component polyurethane glue is generated by the reaction of polyether polyol and isocyanate, and has high adhesive force and weather resistance.

[0043] In the embodiments of the present application, the powder material is bonded with the two door panels by the fireproof glue, so that the bonding between the powder material and the door panels is more firm.

[0044] In a possible implementation, the thickness of the door core is 45mm-50mm.

[0045] For example, the thickness of the door core can be 45mm, 46mm, 47mm, 48mm, 49mm, 50mm, etc. Further, the thickness of the door core is 48mm.

[0046] In the embodiments of the present application, the thickness of the door core is in the range of 45mm-50mm, which can ensure the formation of an effective thermal insulation layer, prolong the fire resistance time, and improve the overall strength of the door leaf.

[0047] In a possible implementation, the thickness of the first door leaf panel is 0.6mm-1.0mm, the thickness of the second door leaf panel is 0.6mm-1.0mm, and the thickness of the door frame is 1mm-1.5mm.

[0048] For example, the thickness of the first door leaf panel can be 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1.0mm, etc. Further, the thickness of the first door leaf panel is 0.8mm.

[0049] The thickness of the second door leaf panel can be 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1.0mm, etc. Further, the thickness of the second door leaf panel is 0.8mm.

[0050] The thickness of the door frame can be 1mm, 1.1mm, 1.2mm, 1.3mm, 1.4mm, 1.5mm, etc. Further, the thickness of the door frame can be 1.2mm.

[0051] The thickness of the first door leaf panel and the second door leaf panel can be the same or different, and no specific limitation is made in this regard.

[0052] In the embodiments of the present application, the thickness of the first door leaf panel and the second door leaf panel is in the range of 0.6mm-1.0mm, which can provide rigid support for the door core, prevent the deformation of the door leaf panel caused by the expansion of the door core at high temperature, and prolong the fire resistance time. In addition, the thickness of the door frame is in the range of 1mm-1.5mm, which can ensure the effective filling of the door frame with the wall body and the expansion of the sealant, and block the fire spreading channel.

[0053] In a possible implementation, the material of the first door leaf panel, the second door leaf panel, and the door frame is galvanized steel plate.

[0054] The first door leaf panel and the second door leaf panel can be made of galvanized steel plate and formed by bending, and the door frame can also be made of galvanized steel plate and formed by bending.

[0055] In this embodiment, the galvanized steel sheet maintains high strength even at high temperatures, and the galvanized layer melts upon contact with fire to form a dense zinc oxide layer, which can slow down the rate of flame erosion of the substrate. Therefore, using galvanized steel sheet as the material for the door panel and frame ensures that the fire door maintains its structural integrity for a longer period during a fire.

[0056] In one possible implementation, the door panel is provided with a glass viewing window and hardware mounting positions;

[0057] The hardware mounting position is used to install hardware.

[0058] In this implementation, the dimensions of the glass window can be set and changed as needed, without any specific limitations. For example, the dimensions of the glass window can be 200mm*600mm or 200mm*800mm.

[0059] The location of the glass window can be set and changed as needed, and no specific limitation is made in this embodiment.

[0060] The material of the glass window can be set and changed as needed, and there are no specific limitations. For example, the glass window can be made of fire-resistant glass. Furthermore, the glass window can be made of composite heat-insulating fire-resistant glass.

[0061] In this implementation, there can be multiple hardware mounting positions. These multiple hardware mounting positions can accommodate various hardware components such as fireproof locks, passageway locks, pipe well locks, push bar locks, hinges, and bolts.

[0062] In this embodiment, the glass window facilitates observation of the fire source location, smoke diffusion direction, and personnel location, enabling timely evacuation. The hardware mounting positions are used to install fireproof locks, passageway locks, pipe shaft locks, and other hardware, thereby improving the protective strength of the fire door.

[0063] In one possible implementation, the door leaf also includes a door closer and a door closer backplate;

[0064] Door closers are used to close the connection between the door leaf and the door frame;

[0065] The door closer backplate is used to reinforce the door closer.

[0066] In this implementation, the door closer is a device that controls the automatic closing of the door leaf. It can be installed on the top of the door leaf and connected to the door frame. The grounding terminal of the door closer is located on the door frame for the closing connection between the door leaf and the door frame.

[0067] The door closer backplate can be installed between the first door panel and the second door panel to ensure that the door closer is stable and reliable after installation, and to avoid loosening or damage caused by long-term use or external impact.

[0068] In a possible implementation, a seal with fireproof expansion characteristics is arranged between the door leaf and the door frame.

[0069] The seal meets the requirements of GB16807, and the main function is to prevent the spread of fire. In the event of a fire, the seal can rapidly expand and fill the gap between the joints, effectively preventing the flame and high-temperature smoke from entering through the gap, thereby delaying the spread of the fire.

[0070] It should be noted that the door leaf can be a single door leaf, a double door leaf or a multi-door leaf, and no specific limitation is made. For example, the door leaf is a double door leaf, and the above-mentioned seal can also be arranged between the two door leaves.

[0071] In summary, the fireproof door provided by the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0072] (1) The cost is relatively low, the raw materials are easy to obtain, the production process is mature, and the cost performance is high.

[0073] (2) The compressive strength is as high as 5.5 MPa, and even if subjected to external impact or water spray impact test, it can still remain intact, continuously play a fireproof role, and prolong the service life of the fireproof door.

[0074] (3) The powder material has anti-halogen return property, and will not deform or deteriorate in humid, acidic or alkaline environments, has strong durability, is not aging, and is corrosion-resistant.

[0075] (4) The fireproof door core made of powder material is environmentally friendly, energy-saving, safe and reliable. The fireproof door made of powder material not only has high fire resistance of 1300℃, but also has absolute fire resistance.

[0076] (5) Since the door leaf and the door frame are made of galvanized steel plates without chlorine, and the components of the powder material do not contain chlorine, the chlorine ion content and smoke toxicity of the fireproof door do not exceed the standard. The fireproof door made of non-toxic and harmless environmentally friendly materials turns waste into treasure, helps energy saving and emission reduction, conforms to the environmental protection concept, and protects people's life and property safety.

[0077] The technical solutions of the application will be described in detail through specific examples.

[0078] In the following specific examples, the operations involved are carried out under conventional conditions or manufacturer's recommended conditions unless otherwise specified.

[0079] Example 1

[0080] Example 1 provides a fireproof door, which comprises: a door leaf and a door frame, and the door leaf and the door frame are hinged.

[0081] The door leaf structure is 0.8mm galvanized steel plate+48mm door core+0.8mm galvanized steel plate, and the door frame adopts 1.2mm galvanized steel plate.

[0082] The door core is filled with powder material, the diameter of the powder material is 0.2mm, and the powder material includes the following components by mass fraction: fly ash 85%, fireclay 10%, water glass 2%, and water 3%.

[0083] The door leaf is provided with a glass window and a plurality of hardware mounting positions, and further includes a door closer and a door closer back plate, and a sealing element with fireproof expansion is arranged between the door leaf and the door frame. The door leaf can be a single door leaf or a double door leaf.

[0084] Embodiment 2

[0085] Embodiment 2 provides a fireproof door, the structure of which can be referred to in Embodiment 1, and the difference lies in that the diameter of the powder material is 0.3mm, and the powder material includes the following components by mass fraction: fly ash 87%, fireclay 7%, water glass 2%, and water 4%.

[0086] Embodiment 3

[0087] Embodiment 3 provides a fireproof door, the structure of which can be referred to in Embodiment 1, and the difference lies in that the diameter of the powder material is 0.4mm, and the powder material includes the following components by mass fraction: fly ash 90%, fireclay 5%, water glass 2%, and water 3%.

[0088] Embodiment 4

[0089] Embodiment 4 provides a fireproof door, the structure of which can be referred to in Embodiment 1, and the difference lies in that the diameter of the powder material is 0.5mm, and the powder material includes the following components by mass fraction: fly ash 92%, fireclay 4%, water glass 1%, and water 3%.

[0090] The fireproof doors provided in Embodiments 1-4 are subjected to fire resistance test, heat insulation test, moisture resistance test, compression resistance test, chlorine ion dissolution amount test, and smoke gas sealing performance test.

[0091] Fire resistance test method:

[0092] The fireproof door sample is vertically fixed on the test frame, one end of the sample is ignited by a specified fire source, and the fire resistance of the sample under the flame of 1300℃±50℃ is observed.

[0093] The fireproof door provided in Example 1 has a fire resistance time greater than 120 min in a flame of 1300℃±50℃, the fireproof door provided in Example 2 has a fire resistance time greater than 110 min in a flame of 1300℃±50℃, the fireproof door provided in Example 3 has a fire resistance time greater than 100 min in a flame of 1300℃±50℃, and the fireproof door provided in Example 4 has a fire resistance time greater than 90 min in a flame of 1300℃±50℃, as shown in Table 1.

[0094] Thermal insulation test method:

[0095] The thermal conductivity coefficient of the sample in the fire resistance test was calculated in real time by using a thermal imaging tester, as shown in Table 1.

[0096] Moisture resistance test method:

[0097] The sample was placed in a test environment with a temperature of 23℃±2℃ and a humidity of 50%±5%, and was taken out after 48 hours. The water content of the sample was measured, as shown in Table 1.

[0098] Compression resistance test method:

[0099] The compression resistance tester was used to apply pressure to the sample until the sample was damaged, and the compression resistance was recorded, as shown in Table 1.

[0100] Chloride ion leaching amount test method:

[0101] A sample of not less than 0.5 kg was taken from the middle of the door leaf, and the test was carried out after the sample was placed in an environment with a temperature of (23±2)℃ and a relative humidity of 50%±10% for 3 days. After crushing and grinding, the powder passing through a 0.16 mm square hole screen was taken, 2.00g±0.01g was weighed, dissolved in 50 mL of distilled water, and stirred for 30 min. After dissolution, the solution was filtered into a conical flask with medium speed filter paper. 10 drops of 5% potassium chromate indicator were added to the solution in the conical flask. The solution in the conical flask was titrated with 0.1 mol / L silver nitrate standard solution until it turned brick red.

[0102] The free chloride ion content was calculated according to the following formula (1):

[0103]

[0104] Wherein, M represents the chloride ion content, L represents the concentration of silver nitrate standard solution, unit: mol / L, V represents the volume of silver nitrate standard solution consumed in titration, unit: mL, and m represents the mass of the test piece, unit: g.

[0105] The concentration of silver nitrate standard solution was calculated as follows:

[0106] (a) Preparation of 5% potassium chromate indicator: Take 5 g of potassium chromate and dissolve it in 100 mL of distilled water.

[0107] (b) Preparation of 0.1 mol / L silver nitrate solution: Take 17 g of silver nitrate and place it in a 1000 mL volumetric flask. Dilute with distilled water and make up to volume, then transfer to a brown reagent bottle and store in a cool, dark place.

[0108] (c) Calibration of 0.1 mol / L silver nitrate solution: Take two portions of reference sodium chloride, each weighing 0.1500 g, and place them in separate conical flasks. Dissolve the reference sodium chloride in 50 mL of distilled water in each conical flask. Add 10 drops of 5% potassium chromate indicator to each conical flask. Titrate with 0.1 mol / L silver nitrate solution until a brick red precipitate appears.

[0109] The concentration of the silver nitrate standard solution is calculated using the following formula (2):

[0110]

[0111] Where L represents the concentration of the silver nitrate standard solution in moles per liter (mol / L), m' represents the mass of the reference sodium chloride in grams (g), and V represents the volume of the silver nitrate standard solution consumed during titration in milliliters (mL).

[0112] Smoke tightness test method:

[0113] The test sample is placed in a smoke tightness test laboratory, where the ability of the fire door to prevent smoke penetration is tested by simulating the diffusion of smoke and pressure changes under fire conditions.

[0114] Sealing test: A pressure difference (usually 25 Pa, 50 Pa) is created on both sides of the door using a gas pressure control system to detect the amount of smoke leakage at the door gap. High pressure difference simulates the pressure generated by the thermal expansion of smoke at the initial stage of a fire, testing the sealing performance of the door in the closed state.

[0115] Temperature state simulation:

[0116] Normal temperature state (20°C): Simulates the diffusion of smoke through the door gap when the ambient temperature has not significantly increased at the initial stage of a fire.

[0117] Medium temperature state (200°C): Simulates the change in smoke prevention performance of the door after the sealing element deforms or fails due to high temperature.

[0118] Double-sided test: Since fire doors are usually asymmetric structures, pressure needs to be applied to both sides of the door to test the smoke prevention effect under different pressure directions.

[0119] In the new standard GB12955-2024, 6.7 specifies the smoke-tight performance of fire doors in detail, as shown in Table 2.

[0120] Table 1

[0121]

[0122] Table 2

[0123]

[0124] As can be seen from Table 1, the fire door provided by the present application has a fire-retardant time of up to 120 min in a high-temperature environment of 1300℃, indicating that the fire door can withstand a high temperature of 1300℃ and has excellent fire resistance. The fire door provided by the present application has a low thermal conductivity, indicating that the fire door has excellent heat insulation performance. Moreover, the fire door has a low water content, indicating that the anti-halogen resistance powder material will not deform or deteriorate in a humid environment. In addition, the fire door has a high compressive strength, indicating that even if subjected to external impact, the fire door can still maintain its integrity and continue to play a fireproof role. At the same time, the amount of chloride ion dissolved meets the requirement of the new standard GB12955-2024 that the amount of chloride ion dissolved should be ≤3.0%.

[0125] Tests show that the amount of smoke leakage of the fire door provided by the present application, whether it is a single door or a double door, meets the new standard GB12955-2024 for fire doors.

[0126] The above is only to facilitate those skilled in the art to understand the technical solutions of the present application and does not limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A fire door, characterized in that, The fire door includes: a door leaf and a door frame, wherein the door leaf and the door frame are hinged together; The door leaf includes: a first door leaf panel, a second door leaf panel, and a door core, wherein the door core is located between the first door leaf panel and the second door leaf panel; The door core is filled with powder material, which includes the following components in the indicated mass fractions: 85%–92% fly ash, 4%–15% refractory clay, 1%–4% water glass, and 3%–15% water.

2. The fire door according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the powder material is 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm.

3. The fire door according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filling amount of the powder material shall not exceed 350 kg / m³. 3 .

4. The fire door according to claim 1, characterized in that, Fire-retardant adhesive is also injected between the first door panel and the second door panel; The fire-retardant adhesive is used to bond the powder material to the first door panel and the second door panel, respectively.

5. The fire door according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the door core is 45mm to 50mm.

6. The fire door according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the first door panel is 0.6mm to 1.0mm, the thickness of the second door panel is 0.6mm to 1.0mm, and the thickness of the door frame is 1mm to 1.5mm.

7. The fire door according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first door panel, the second door panel, and the door frame are all made of galvanized steel sheet.

8. The fire door according to claim 1, characterized in that, The door panel is equipped with a glass viewing window and hardware mounting positions; The hardware mounting position is used to install hardware.

9. The fire door according to claim 1, characterized in that, The door leaf also includes: a door closer and a door closer back plate; The door closer is used to close the connection between the door leaf and the door frame; The back plate of the door closer is used to reinforce the door closer.

10. The fire door according to claim 1, characterized in that, A seal with fire-resistant expansion properties is provided between the door leaf and the door frame.

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