Laser electrolysis coupling current efficiency measuring device

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser electrolysis coupling current efficiency measuring device, and the device comprises a high-precision power module which provides electric energy for an electrode system; the electrode system comprises a titanium alloy workpiece fixed by an anode clamp and a cathode stainless steel plate and is used for controlling a machining gap; the laser emitting and focusing system is used for adjusting laser power and focusing the laser to the surface of the workpiece; the electrolyte circulating system is used for conveying electrolyte to a processing area through a pump and a filter; the measuring instrument group is used for collecting current, voltage and electrolyte temperature data in real time; and the data acquisition and processing system is used for operating a multi-factor coupling analysis algorithm to separate the influence of laser and electrolysis on the current efficiency. According to the method, the precision of current efficiency measurement in laser electrolysis combined machining is improved, the influence of the laser effect and the electrolysis effect on the current efficiency is accurately separated, and the removal characteristic of the material in the laser-assisted electrolytic machining process is comprehensively and truly obtained, so that the machining quality and efficiency are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of laser electrolytic composite processing technology, and particularly relates to a laser electrolytic coupling current efficiency measuring device. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of laser-electrolytic composite machining, measuring current efficiency is a crucial step in evaluating processing effectiveness and material removal characteristics. Currently, conventional methods for measuring current efficiency in pure electrolytic machining are mostly based on simple electrochemical measurement principles. They calculate current efficiency by measuring parameters such as current and voltage during the machining process, combined with Faraday's law. The measuring device typically consists of a power supply, electrodes, an electrolytic cell, and basic measuring instruments (such as ammeters and voltmeters). The power supply provides electrical energy for the electrolysis process, the electrodes are divided into an anode (the workpiece to be processed) and a cathode, the electrolytic cell holds the electrolyte, and the measuring instruments monitor current and voltage values ​​in real time. This measurement method is mainly used in general pure electrolytic machining scenarios to obtain basic information such as the dissolution efficiency of materials during electrolysis. However, in the complex environment of laser-electrolytic composite machining, existing devices cannot accurately separate the effects of laser and electrolysis on current efficiency, failing to comprehensively and accurately reflect the material removal characteristics during laser-assisted electrolytic machining. This results in a lack of accurate basis for optimizing and controlling the machining process, thus affecting the improvement of processing quality and efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention proposes a laser-electrolysis coupling current efficiency measurement device, which improves the accuracy of current efficiency measurement in laser-electrolysis composite processing, accurately separates the effects of laser action and electrolysis on current efficiency, comprehensively and accurately obtains the material removal characteristics during laser-assisted electrolysis processing, and provides accurate basis for the optimization and control of laser-electrolysis composite processing technology, thereby improving processing quality and efficiency.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a laser electrolytic coupling current efficiency measurement device, comprising: a high-precision power supply module for providing electrical energy to the electrode system;

[0005] The electrode system, comprising a titanium alloy workpiece fixed by an anode clamp and a stainless steel cathode plate, is used to control the machining gap;

[0006] A laser emission and focusing system is used to adjust the laser power and focus it onto the workpiece surface;

[0007] An electrolyte circulation system is used to deliver electrolyte to the processing area via pumps and filters;

[0008] The measuring instrument group is used to collect current, voltage and electrolyte temperature data in real time;

[0009] The data acquisition and processing system is used to run a multi-factor coupling analysis algorithm to separate the effects of laser and electrolysis on current efficiency.

[0010] Optionally, the machining gap control error of the electrode system is within the range of ±0.01mm; the anode fixture is made of high temperature resistant material, and the back of the workpiece is electrically connected to the conductive block.

[0011] Optionally, the laser power of the laser emission and focusing system can be continuously adjusted from 0 to 50W; the diameter of the focused spot can be adjusted from 0.1 to 1mm, and the workpiece is irradiated through a sapphire window.

[0012] Optionally, the electrolyte circulation system includes a flow meter to control the electrolyte flow rate; the flow control accuracy is ±0.1L / min, and the supply inlet pressure is 0.6MPa.

[0013] Optionally, the measuring instrument group includes a temperature sensor placed in the electrolyte circulation pipeline; the temperature measurement accuracy is ±0.1℃.

[0014] Optionally, the analysis process of the data acquisition and processing system includes:

[0015] Calculate the current efficiency η according to Faraday's law:

[0016]

[0017] Among them, M e M represents the actual mass dissolved; t ρ is the theoretical mass of dissolution; ρ is the density of the anode material; ω e t represents the volumetric electrochemical equivalent of the anode material; I represents the processing current; and t represents the processing time.

[0018] Optional, volumetric electrochemical equivalent ω e The calculation process includes:

[0019]

[0020] Where F is the Faraday constant, with a value of 96500 C; A j n is the relative atomic mass of the j-th element; j Let a be the atomic valence of the j-th element; j Let be the percentage content of the j-th element.

[0021] Optionally, the pretreatment process for titanium alloy workpieces includes: cutting them into 4mm×4mm×10mm samples; surface polishing to remove the oxide layer and weighing them.

[0022] Technical advantages of this invention: This invention discloses a laser-electrolysis coupled current efficiency measuring device. In terms of measurement accuracy, the high-precision power supply module, measuring instruments, and precise processing gap control significantly improve the accuracy of current efficiency measurement, with errors controllable within ±1%, providing reliable data for precise optimization of the processing technology. Through a precise laser parameter control module and a multi-factor coupling analysis algorithm, the influence of laser and electrolysis on current efficiency can be accurately separated, comprehensively and realistically reflecting the material removal characteristics during laser-assisted electrolysis processing—something that existing technologies cannot achieve. Based on accurate measurement and analysis results, laser-electrolysis composite processing parameters, such as laser power, electrolyte composition, and temperature, can be more specifically optimized, thereby significantly improving processing quality and efficiency while reducing processing costs. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the laser electrolytic coupling current efficiency measurement device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the metallographic structure of TC4 titanium alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is an optical microscope and (b) is a scanning electron microscope;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the current efficiency curves of TC4 titanium alloy at different temperatures according to an embodiment of the present invention, where (a) represents different electrolyte temperatures and (b) represents different laser powers. Detailed Implementation

[0027] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. This application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0028] It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a laser electrolytic coupling current efficiency measurement device, including:

[0030] High-precision power supply module: It adopts a high-precision DC power supply, which can provide a stable and precisely adjustable processing current. Its output current accuracy can reach ±0.1%, and the voltage accuracy can reach ±0.05%, ensuring that precise electrical energy input is provided for the electrolysis process.

[0031] Electrode system: The anode is the titanium alloy workpiece to be processed, and the cathode is a stainless steel plate of a specific material. The electrodes are fixed by high-precision fixtures to ensure that the processing gap between the electrodes is precisely controllable, with the processing gap error controlled within ±0.01mm.

[0032] Laser emission and focusing system: Equipped with a high-power laser generator, capable of emitting lasers of specific wavelengths and powers. After being focused by a focusing lens, the laser precisely irradiates the surface of the titanium alloy workpiece. The diameter of the focused spot is adjustable, ranging from 0.1 to 1 mm. The laser power is continuously adjustable from 0 to 50 W to meet the needs of different processing conditions.

[0033] Electrolyte circulation system: Composed of an electrolyte tank, pump, filter, and piping. The electrolyte tank holds the electrolyte. The pump draws the electrolyte from the tank, filters it, and then delivers it to the processing area at a certain pressure and flow rate. It then flows back to the electrolyte tank, forming a circulation. The electrolyte flow rate can be precisely controlled by a flow meter with an accuracy of ±0.1 L / min.

[0034] High-precision measuring instruments: These include high-precision ammeters and voltmeters, with measurement accuracies of ±0.01A and ±0.001V respectively, enabling real-time and accurate measurement of current and voltage values ​​during the processing. Additionally, a temperature sensor is included to monitor the electrolyte temperature, with a measurement accuracy of ±0.1℃.

[0035] Data Acquisition and Processing System: Composed of a data acquisition card and a computer. The data acquisition card collects data from the ammeter, voltmeter, and temperature sensor in real time and transmits it to the computer. The computer runs specially developed multi-factor coupling analysis software to process and analyze the acquired data.

[0036] In the laser-electrolysis composite machining process, a high-precision power module provides electrical energy to the electrode system, causing an electrolytic reaction in the titanium alloy workpiece (anode). Simultaneously, the laser emission and focusing system emits a laser and focuses it onto the workpiece surface, generating heat. An electrolyte circulation system delivers the electrolyte to the machining area, participating in the electrolytic reaction and carrying away the processed products. High-precision measuring instruments measure parameters such as current, voltage, and electrolyte temperature in real time during the machining process and transmit the data to a data acquisition and processing system. The data acquisition card converts the analog signals into digital signals and transmits them to a computer. Multi-factor coupling analysis software in the computer processes and analyzes the acquired data based on Faraday's law and a pre-established laser-electrolysis coupling model, separating the effects of laser and electrolysis on current efficiency, calculating the current efficiency under different conditions, and generating corresponding current efficiency curves and material removal characteristic reports.

[0037] This embodiment uses the processing of TC4 titanium alloy as an example to apply the measuring device of the present invention to an actual laser-electrolytic composite processing process. In the laboratory of a precision manufacturing company, a set of the measuring device of the present invention was installed to study the changes in current efficiency of TC4 titanium alloy under different laser powers and electrolyte temperatures.

[0038] Specific implementation steps:

[0039] 1. Installation and debugging:

[0040] Assemble the modules according to the overall structural diagram, ensuring that the high-precision power module and electrode system are correctly connected, the optical path of the laser emission and focusing system is accurate, and the pipeline of the electrolyte circulation system is leak-free.

[0041] Calibrate the high-precision measuring instruments to ensure their measurement errors are within the specified range. Adjust the sampling frequency and accuracy of the data acquisition card to ensure accurate acquisition of parameters such as current, voltage, and temperature.

[0042] The laser parameter precision control module was debugged to enable the laser power to be continuously and stably adjusted within the range of 0-50W, and the focused spot diameter to meet the design requirements.

[0043] 2. Experimental preparation:

[0044] Prepare TC4 titanium alloy workpieces, process them into samples of specified dimensions, and perform surface pretreatment to remove oxide layers and impurities to ensure surface flatness.

[0045] Prepare the electrolyte solution by selecting appropriate electrolyte components and concentrations according to experimental requirements, and then pour it into the electrolyte tank.

[0046] Set experimental parameters, including laser power (e.g., 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W), electrolyte temperature (e.g., 20℃, 40℃, 60℃, 80℃), processing current, and processing time.

[0047] 3. Experimental procedure:

[0048] Start the electrolyte circulation system to circulate the electrolyte in the processing area at a set flow rate.

[0049] Based on the laser power set in the experiment, the laser emission and focusing system was adjusted to focus the laser onto the surface of the titanium alloy workpiece.

[0050] The high-precision power module is turned on, and laser electrolytic composite processing is carried out according to the set processing current. At the same time, the data acquisition and processing system begins to collect data such as current, voltage and temperature in real time.

[0051] During the processing, closely monitor the operating status of each system to ensure the experiment proceeds safely and stably.

[0052] 4. Data Processing and Analysis:

[0053] After the experiment, the collected data were imported into the multi-factor coupling analysis software on the computer.

[0054] The software processes and analyzes the data based on Faraday's law and the laser-electrolysis coupling model, separating the effects of laser and electrolysis on current efficiency.

[0055] The system generates current efficiency curves and material removal characteristic reports for different laser powers and electrolyte temperatures, providing a basis for optimizing the laser-electrolytic composite processing technology. Specifically, the data acquisition and processing system's analysis process includes:

[0056] Calculate the current efficiency η according to Faraday's law:

[0057]

[0058] Among them, M e M represents the actual mass dissolved; t ρ is the theoretical mass of dissolution; ρ is the density of the anode material; ω e t represents the volumetric electrochemical equivalent of the anode material; I represents the processing current; and t represents the processing time.

[0059] Volume electrochemical equivalent ω e The calculation process includes:

[0060]

[0061] Where F is the Faraday constant, with a value of 96500 C; A jn is the relative atomic mass of the j-th element; j Let a be the atomic valence of the j-th element; j Let be the percentage content of the j-th element.

[0062] The workpiece material used in all experiments was conventionally forged TC4 titanium alloy. The chemical composition of TC4 titanium alloy is shown in Table 1. Metallographic observation was performed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Figure 2 As shown, (a) is an optical microscope and (b) is a scanning electron microscope. Most of the microstructure is occupied by β grains, and very few small α grains are distributed in the β phase substrate.

[0063] Table 1

[0064]

[0065] like Figure 1 As shown, the removal of workpiece material is achieved using the principle of anodic dissolution. A CNC wire EDM machine was used to cut TC4 titanium alloy workpiece material into 4mm×4mm×10mm samples for electrochemical dissolution testing. Before testing, the oxide layer on the sample surface was removed to ensure good conductivity. In the experiment, the workpiece was placed in a high-temperature resistant fixture, and the back of the workpiece was connected to a conductive block and energized. The laser was focused by a focusing lens, passed through a sapphire window, and converged onto the machined surface of the titanium alloy sheet. The cathode was a stainless steel flange, serving to energize and fix the window. The tooling electrode was mounted on the machine tool spindle, and the machining gap was adjusted by the spindle. A magnetic heating stirrer was used to heat the electrolyte, maintaining a constant temperature. The electrolyte inlet pressure was 0.6MPa during the experiment. Before and after the experiment, the workpiece needed to be polished, cleaned, dried, and weighed to ensure the accuracy of the experimental process.

[51] To evaluate the level of current efficiency, it is necessary to test the situation under different current densities, because current efficiency is closely related to current density; to ensure that the current density remains stable during processing, a constant current method is used for processing.

[0066] Electrolyte temperature is one of the key factors affecting electrochemical behavior. The experiment used a 10% NaNO3 + 5% NaCl mixed electrolyte solution. Comparative experiments were conducted with different electrolyte solution temperatures (20 / 40 / 60 / 80℃) and different laser powers (0 / 5 / 10 / 15 / 20W) to study the effects of electrolyte temperature and laser power on current efficiency. The current efficiency curves of TC4 titanium alloy were obtained by calculating using formulas (1) and (2). The current efficiency curves of TC4 titanium alloy at different temperatures in the 10% NaNO3 + 5% NaCl electrolyte are shown below. Figure 3As shown, (a) represents different electrolyte temperatures, (b) represents different laser powers, and the current density is measured in the range of 2-24 A / cm². 2 It can be seen that the current efficiency in the electrolyte solution without laser assistance at 20℃ is low, at a low current density of 50%-60%. This may be due to the presence of NO3 in the mixed solution. - It possesses strong oxidizing power, promoting the formation of an oxide layer on the surface of TC4 titanium alloy and hindering the dissolution and removal of the material. With increasing current density, the current efficiency gradually increases, eventually stabilizing within a stable range close to 90%. Under certain conditions, the current efficiency gradually increases with increasing temperature and laser power. According to thermodynamic principles, Cl in the mixed solution... - The activity of the passivation layer increases with increasing temperature, thus promoting its destruction and removal. However, at 80°C, the current efficiency is lower than at 60°C as the current density increases. This may be due to the extremely high current causing overheating of the electrolyte in the processing gap. When the electrolyte temperature is too high, it is prone to overheating and evaporation, generating a large number of bubbles that hinder the dissolution of the anode surface, leading to a decrease in material removal capacity. At a laser power of 15W, the laser can directly remove the passivation layer, thus achieving high current efficiency even at low current densities. When the laser power is 20W, the material removal threshold is exceeded, and some titanium alloy material is melted and removed, with a current efficiency reaching 150%. As the current density increases, the proportion of material removed by electrolysis increases, and the current efficiency decreases.

[0067] 5. Operation and Maintenance:

[0068] Regularly inspect the performance of key components such as high-precision power modules, measuring instruments, and laser emission and focusing systems to ensure their normal operation.

[0069] Clean the electrolyte circulation system and replace the filter to prevent impurities in the electrolyte from affecting processing quality and measurement accuracy.

[0070] This invention discloses a laser-electrolysis coupled current efficiency measurement device. Regarding measurement accuracy, a high-precision power supply module, measuring instruments, and precise processing gap control significantly improve the accuracy of current efficiency measurement, with errors controllable within ±1%, providing reliable data for precise optimization of the processing technology. Through a precise laser parameter control module and a multi-factor coupling analysis algorithm, the influence of laser and electrolysis on current efficiency can be accurately separated, comprehensively and realistically reflecting the material removal characteristics during laser-assisted electrolysis processing—something that cannot be achieved with existing technologies. Based on accurate measurement and analysis results, laser-electrolysis composite processing parameters, such as laser power, electrolyte composition, and temperature, can be more specifically optimized, thereby significantly improving processing quality and efficiency while reducing processing costs.

[0071] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A laser electro- decoupling current efficiency measurement device, characterized in that, It comprises: High-precision power module, providing power for electrode system; Electrode system, containing titanium alloy workpiece fixed by anode clamp and stainless steel plate as cathode, for controlling processing gap; Laser emission and focusing system, for adjusting laser power and focusing on workpiece surface; Electrolyte circulation system, for delivering electrolyte to processing area through pump and filter; Measurement instrument group, for real-time acquisition of current, voltage and electrolyte temperature data; Data acquisition and processing system, for running multi-factor coupling analysis algorithm to separate the influence of laser and electrolyte on current efficiency.

2. The laser-electrolytic coupling current efficiency measurement device according to claim 1, wherein: The processing gap control error of the electrode system is within ±0.01 mm; the anode clamp is made of high-temperature resistant material, and the workpiece back surface is electrically connected with the conductive block.

3. The laser-electrolytic coupling current efficiency measurement device according to claim 1, wherein: The laser power of the laser emission and focusing system is continuously adjustable within 0-50 W; the focusing spot diameter is adjustable within 0.1-1 mm, and the workpiece is irradiated through a sapphire window piece.

4. The laser-electrolytic coupling current efficiency measurement device according to claim 1, wherein: The electrolyte circulation system contains a flow meter for controlling electrolyte flow; the flow control precision is ±0.1 L / min, and the inlet pressure of the liquid supply is 0.6 MPa.

5. The laser-electrolytic coupling current efficiency measurement device according to claim 1, wherein: The measurement instrument group contains a temperature sensor placed in the electrolyte circulation pipeline; the temperature measurement precision is ±0.1℃.

6. The laser-electrolytic coupling current efficiency measurement device according to claim 1, wherein: The analysis process of the data acquisition and processing system includes: According to Faraday's law, the current efficiency η is calculated: wherein M e is the actual dissolved mass; M t is the theoretical dissolved mass; p is the density of the anode material; w e is the volumetric electrochemical equivalent of the anode material; I is the processing current; and t is the processing time.

7. The laser-electrolytic coupling current efficiency measurement device according to claim 6, wherein: Volume electrochemical equivalent ω e The calculation process includes: Wherein, F is Faraday constant, and the value is 96500C; A j is the relative atomic mass of the jth element; n j is the atomic valence of the jth element; a j is the element percentage content of the jth element.

8. The laser-electrolytic coupling current efficiency measurement device according to claim 1, wherein: The pretreatment process of the titanium alloy workpiece includes: cutting into a 4mm×4mm×10mm sample; surface polishing to remove the oxide layer and weighing.

Images